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Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY FACULTY OF GEOGRAPHY, LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES No. 01 [v. 07] 2014 GEOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY EDITORIAL BOARD EDITORSINCHIEF: Kasimov Nikolay S. Kotlyakov Vladimir M. Vandermotten Christian Lomonosov Moscow State Russian Academy of Sciences Universitй Libre de Bruxelles, University, Faculty of Geography, Institute of Geography, Belgium 01|2014 Russia Russia 2 GES Tikunov Vladimir S. (Secretary-General) Kroonenberg Salomon Lomonosov Moscow State University, Delft University of Technology Faculty of Geography, Russia Department of Applied Earth Sciences, Baklanov Alexander The Netherlands Danish Meteorological Institute, Kulmala Markku Denmark University of Helsinki, Division of Baklanov Petr Ya. Atmospheric Sciences, Finland Russian Academy of Sciences, Malkhazova Svetlana M. Pacific Institute of Geography, Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chubarova Natalya E. Faculty of Geography, Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University, Meadows Michael E. Faculty of Geography, Russia University of Cape Town, Department Chalkley Brian of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Plymouth, UK South Africa De Maeyer Philippe Nefedova Tatyana G. Ghent University, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Geography, Belgium Institute of Geography, Russia Dobrolubov Sergey A. O’Loughlin John Lomonosov Moscow State University, University of Colorado at Boulder, Faculty of Geography, Russia Institute of Behavioral Sciences, USA Haigh Martin Pedroli Bas Oxford Brookes University, Wageningen University, Department of Social Sciences, UK The Netherlands Gulev Sergey K. Radovanovic Milan Russian Academy of Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute of Oceanology, Russia Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić”, Guo Hua Tong Serbia Chinese Academy of Sciences, Solomina Olga N. Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Russian Academy of Sciences, China Institute of Geography, Russia Jarsjö Jerker Tishkov Arkady A. Stockholm University, Department of Russian Academy of Sciences, Physical Geography and Quaternary Institute of Geography, Russia Geology, Sweden Wuyi Wang Kolosov Vladimir A. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Institute of Geography, Russia Natural Resources Research, China Konečný Milan Zilitinkevich Sergey S. Masaryk University, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Faculty of Science, Czech Republic Finland CONTENTS EDITORAL . 4 GEOGRAPHY Pavel G. Talalay 01|2014 EXPLORATION OF GAMBURTSEV SUBGLACIAL MOUNTAINS EAST ANTARCTICA: BACKGROUND AND PLANS FOR THE NEAR FUTURE . 5 3 GES Vladimir Klimenko, Vladimir Matskovsky, Dittmar Dahlmann MULTIARCHIVE TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC FOR THE PAST TWO MILLENNIA . 16 Alba Fuga ZONES D’INTERFAÇAGE GEOGRAPHIQUE ET METHODE DE COMPARAISON AUTOMATIQUE DE DONNEES GEOGRAPHIC INTERFACE AREAS AND METHODS OF AUTOMATIC DATA COMPARISON . 30 Andrey A. Lukashov, Stepan V. Maznev MORPHOSTRUCTURE OF THE KODARUDOKAN SECTION OF THE BAIKAL RIFT ZONE . 39 ENVIRONMENT Nikolay S. Kasimov, Dmitry V. Vlasov GLOBAL AND REGIONAL GEOCHEMICAL INDEXES OF PRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS . 52 Olga Solomina, Olga Maximova, Edward Cook PICEA SCHRENKIANA RING WIDTH AND DENSITY AT THE UPPER AND LOWER TREE LIMITS IN THE TIEN SHAN MTS KYRGYZ REPUBLIC AS A SOURCE OF PALEOCLIMATIC INFORMATION . 66 Ekaterina V. Lebedeva, Dmitry V. Mikhalev, Josй E. Novoa Jerez, Mariya E. Kladovschikova GEOMORPHOLOGIC HAZARD AND DISASTERS IN THE SOUTH AMERICAN ANDES . 80 SUSTAINABILITY Irina N. Rotanova, Vladimir S. Tikunov, Guldzhan M. Dzhanaleeva, Anar B. Myrzagaliyeva, Chen Xi, Nyamdavaa Gendenjav, Merged Lkhagvasuren Choijinjav INTERNATIONAL MAPPING PROJECT “THE ATLAS OF GREATER ALTAI: NATURE, HISTORY, CULTURE” AS THE FOUNDATION FOR MODELS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT . 99 NEWS AND REVIEWS Nikolay G. Rybalsky, Vladimir S. Tikunov FORUM “ARCTIC THE TERRITORY OF DIALOGUE” . 109 EDITORIAL The main goal of “GEOGRAPHY, ENVI- of traditional cartography and other RONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY” journal (GES established sciences. Mobility, agility, Journal) is to provide in depth discussion of relevancy, and involvement in a wide range theoretical, methodological, and practical of social aspects are the iconic moments of aspects of interdisciplinary areas reflected in the modern process of social development. the title of the journal, as well as of a wide Readers of GES journal will not only find 01|2014 range of their diverse applications. cur rent information on the aforementioned Modern age is the time of deep trans for- issues, but will have an opportunity to take mation of nature and society, which makes advantage of its integration capabilities, 4 GES an impact on the fundamental principles complexity, a variety of problems covered, and of geographical science. It is the epoch of the focus on innovation. The main sections emergence of new ideas, methods, and of the journal cover theory of geography, approaches to explore the changing world ecology, and sustainable development; from the new positions. Population growth, natural resource management; natural food and resource security, natural resource resources; global and regional changes of management, and environmental protection the environment and climate; sustainable stand out among the urgent global geogra- regional development; applied aspects of phic problems. Sustainable development geography and ecology; geoinformatics and becomes the issue of paramount importance. environmental mapping; environmental problems of the oil-gas sector; preservation Achieving sustainable development is possible of biodiversity; health and the environment; only through reconciling conflicts and finding and education for sustainable development. compromises in the “nature-society” system. Such conflicts are associated with impacts Among the authors of the journal are well- on the environment and the need for its known experts in different fields of geographic protection, use of resources and preservation science and related scientific disciplines, as of their stocks, biological and social aspects well as young scientists who have just begun of humans, scientific-technical progress and to publish their research results. The journal humanity, increase in consumption and provides all its authors with a wide range of moral aspects of self-limitation, traditional and opportunities for an open scientific discussion innovation aspects in development, etc. and fruitful exchange of views. Mankind is facing environmental changes The main criteria for selection of papers caused by various natural-anthropogenic for publication is their relevance to the processes. Society is on the threshold development of theory and practice, of a period of economic and ecological i.e., global or regional levels of research adaptation to a rapidly changing and quality of information and statistics environment. Therefore, the task of the GES background, methodology, and journal is to provide a forum for discussion information and illustration supporting on spatial features of future changes and material. All papers submitted by authors opportunities to overcome the difficulties undergo independent double-review; the encountered on the path of sustainable papers with positive reviews are accepted development of nature and society. for publication upon the decision of the Editorial Board of the journal. The languages For centuries, maps have been the main of the journal are English and French, tool of modeling and analysis in the Earth i.e., working languages of the majority of sciences and society. Only recently, remote international organizations. sensing methods and geoinformation systems have emerged and geoinformatics The journal targets Russian and international began to advance to the leading position. geographers, ecologists, and experts in Specifically creation of digital spatial models the fields of environmental protection, and their implementation in different areas management of natural resources, GIS- of everyday life have created the foundation technologies, geographic mapping, and of the information revolution, though it education for sustainable development, and does not undermine the achievements environmental practitioners. Pavel G. Talalay Polar Research Center, Jilin University, No. 938 Ximinzhu str., Changchun City, Jilin Province, China, 130021, Tel/Fax +86 431 88502797, e-mail: [email protected] EXPLORATION OF GAMBURTSEV SUBGLACIAL MOUNTAINS (EAST ANTARCTICA): BACKGROUND AND PLANS FOR THE NEAR FUTURE GEOGRAPHY 5 ABSTRACT. The Gamburtsev Subglacial INTRODUCTION Mountains (GSM), located in the central East Covering nearly 14 million km2, Antarctica Antarctica, were discovered by the Soviet is the coldest, driest, highest, and windiest team of the 3rd Complex Antarctic Expedition continent on the Earth. While it is challenging in 1958–1959. The GSM has highly dissected to live and work in this extreme environment, Alpine topography reaching maximum this region offers many opportunities for elevations of 3000 m. The mechanism driving scientific research. One of the most important uplift of the young-shaped GSM in the middle frontiers of Antarctic exploration is study of of the old East Antarctic Shield is unknown. subglacial topography and geology, which With only limited constraints available on is less well known than the topography of the topography, geology, and lithospheric Moon and Mars, obviously because of the structure,
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