Contents Volume 32, 2014
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Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales. -
Flowers, Posts and Plates of Dirk Hartog Island
Flowers, Posts and Plates of Dirk Hartog Island Lesley Brooker FLOWERS POSTS AND PLATES January 2020 Home Flowers, Posts and Plates of Dirk Hartog Island Lesley Brooker For the latest revision go to https://lesmikebrooker.com.au/Dirk-Hartog-Island.php Please direct feedback to Lesley Brooker at [email protected] Home INTRODUCTION This document is in two parts:- Part 1 — FLOWERS is an interactive reference to some of the flora of Dirk Hartog Island. Plants are arranged alphabetically within families. Hyperlinks are provided for quick access to historical material found on-line. Attention is drawn (in the green boxes below the species accounts) to some features which may help identification or may interest the reader, but these are by no means diagnostic. Where technical terms are used, these are explained in parenthesis. The ultimate on-line authority on the Western Australian flora is FloraBase. It provides the most up-to-date nomenclature, details of subspecies, flowering periods and distribution maps. Please use this guide in conjunction with FloraBase. Part 2 — POSTS AND PLATES provides short historical accounts of some the people involved in erecting and removing posts and plates on Dirk Hartog Island between 1616 and 1907, and those who may have collected plants on the island during their visit. Home FLOWERS PHOTOGRAPHS REFERENCES BIRD LIST Home Flower Photos The plants are presented in alphabetical order within plant families - this is so that plants that are closely related to one another will be grouped together on nearby pages. All of the family names and genus names are given at the top of each page and are also listed in an index. -
Invasive Alien Woody Plants of the Southern and Southwestern Cape Region, South Africa
Bothalia 28,1: 91-112 (1998) Invasive alien woody plants of the southern and southwestern Cape region, South Africa L. HENDERSON* Keywords: alien invasive plants, Forest Biome, Fynbos Biome. roadside survey. Savanna Biome. southern and southwestern Cape, Succulent Karoo Biome ABSTRACT The frequency and abundance of invasive alien plants were recorded along roadsides and at watercourse crossings in 82.9% (145/175) of the quarter degree squares in the study area (3I-35°S, 17-25°E and covering ± 90 000 km:). The sur vey yielded 102 species of which the most prominent (in order of prominence) in roadside and veld (natural and modified) habitats were: Acacia cyclops, A. saligna and A. mearnsii The most prominent species (in order of prominence) in stream- bank habitats were: A. mearnsii, A. saligna and Populus x canescens. The greatest intensity of invasion was recorded in forest and fynbos vegetation types in the relatively narrow belt stretching from the coastline to the tops of the coastal mountain ranges In the coastal lowlands Acacia cyclops and A. saligna form the most extensive and continuous stands of alien vegetation recorded anywhere in South Africa. In the and intenor invasion was largely confined to watercourses. CONTENTS References...................................................................... 110 A ppendix.........................................................................Ill Introduction.................................................................... 91 Survey history and obJectives ................................ -
Oahu Naio Thrips Early Detection and Rapid Response Plan
1 Early Detection and Rapid Response Plan for Myoporum Thrips (Klambothrips myopori) on Oʻahu Oʻahu Invasive Species Committee Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife Hawaiʻi Department of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Revised 2015/06/22 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................4 BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................................................5 Description of pest ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Native and exotic range ............................................................................................................................. 5 Dispersal potential ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Biological impact ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Ecological impact ...................................................................................................................................... 6 EARLY DETECTION ..................................................................................................................7 Monitoring interval ................................................................................................................................... -
Understory Structure in a 23-Year-Old Acacia Koa Forest and 2-Year Growth Responses to Silvicultural Treatments Paul G
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Forest Ecology and Management 255 (2008) 1604–1617 www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Understory structure in a 23-year-old Acacia koa forest and 2-year growth responses to silvicultural treatments Paul G. Scowcroft *, Janis E. Haraguchi, David M. Fujii Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 60 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI 96720, United States Received 19 July 2007; received in revised form 17 November 2007; accepted 21 November 2007 Abstract Restoration of degraded Acacia koa forests in Hawaii often involves mechanical scarification to stimulate germination of seed buried in the soil and to suppress vegetation that competes with shade intolerant A. koa. Resulting even-age stands are gradually colonized by other plant species, but understory structure is poorly quantified, and the effects of management on understory vegetation are unknown. We examined the structure of the dominant understory species 23 years after stand initiation and determined their subsequent 2-year growth responses to silvicultural treatments prescribed to improve growth of koa. Release thinning, chemical control of introduced grasses, and phosphorus fertilization were applied in a split- plot experimental design. Results for DBH and height class distributions indicated that recruitment for most tree species began within a few years of stand initiation. By 23 years understory trees made up only 14% of total stand basal area, but they added greatly to native plant biodiversity. Alien grasses covered 92% of the forest floor and averaged 1.35 Mg haÀ1. Of the four most abundant native understory tree species, only shade intolerant Myoporum sandwicense grew faster in response to the treatments. -
Lamiales – Synoptical Classification Vers
Lamiales – Synoptical classification vers. 2.6.2 (in prog.) Updated: 12 April, 2016 A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales Version 2.6.2 (This is a working document) Compiled by Richard Olmstead With the help of: D. Albach, P. Beardsley, D. Bedigian, B. Bremer, P. Cantino, J. Chau, J. L. Clark, B. Drew, P. Garnock- Jones, S. Grose (Heydler), R. Harley, H.-D. Ihlenfeldt, B. Li, L. Lohmann, S. Mathews, L. McDade, K. Müller, E. Norman, N. O’Leary, B. Oxelman, J. Reveal, R. Scotland, J. Smith, D. Tank, E. Tripp, S. Wagstaff, E. Wallander, A. Weber, A. Wolfe, A. Wortley, N. Young, M. Zjhra, and many others [estimated 25 families, 1041 genera, and ca. 21,878 species in Lamiales] The goal of this project is to produce a working infraordinal classification of the Lamiales to genus with information on distribution and species richness. All recognized taxa will be clades; adherence to Linnaean ranks is optional. Synonymy is very incomplete (comprehensive synonymy is not a goal of the project, but could be incorporated). Although I anticipate producing a publishable version of this classification at a future date, my near- term goal is to produce a web-accessible version, which will be available to the public and which will be updated regularly through input from systematists familiar with taxa within the Lamiales. For further information on the project and to provide information for future versions, please contact R. Olmstead via email at [email protected], or by regular mail at: Department of Biology, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA. -
Sandwicense, Such As Webster 1081 from Oahu Specimens Examined
68 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. V, January, .1951 Form 3. Leaves pubescent; flower parts 6--7; Specimensexamined cells of drupe 7-9. LAN AI: Puuwaawaa, Rock 3800 (BISH, NY). In Koa dry forest, Lanai, Munro 61 (BISH , several respects this form is intermediate be NY); plateau on lee side ofisland, alt. 600 m. tween vat. Fauriei and ssp. St.Johnii. (?), Wilder 90 (BISH ); xerophytic forest near Kanepuu, Fosberg 12551 (BISH); K anepuu, 5. M yoporum sandwicense ssp. sandwi K aa, alt. 1,600 ft., St. j ohn, Eames, & Hosaka cense vat. lanaiense Webster, vat. nov. 18803 (BISH) ; same locality, alt. 1,700 fr., St. j ohn & Cowan 22624 (BISH) ; flats above . PIs. II, 21, 33; III, 43 head of Hawaiilanu i Gulch, alt. 500 m., Fos Drupa depressi-conica; endocarpiurn non berg 12525 . (BISH); Poomai J =Paoma?], costatum, Munro (BISH); Mahana Valley, Munro 171Y2 Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, entire, gla (BISH); M ahana forehills, Rock 8119 (BISH , brous, 6-13.5 em. long, 0.8-1.8 em. wide. GH , W); mountains near Koele, Forbes 91.L Flowers 2- 4 per axil; pedicels 0.7-1 em. long. (BISH) . Calyx lobes 5, 2-3 mm . long, ovate-acumin 6. Myoporum sandwicense ssp. sandwi ate. Corolla 5-10beq, 5-8 mm. long, glabrous cense vat. stellatum Web ster, vat. nov. or pubescent, the tube 2.5-4 mm . long. Ovary PIs. I, 1; II, 20, 32; III, 42 about 2 .mm. long ; style 1.8- 3 mm. long. Drupe prob ably whitish in color; endocarp Prinastrum cauliflorum Nutt. ex Gray, Am. depressed-conic or hem ispheric in outline, Acad. -
The Linderniaceae and Gratiolaceae Are Further Lineages Distinct from the Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales)
Research Paper 1 The Linderniaceae and Gratiolaceae are further Lineages Distinct from the Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales) R. Rahmanzadeh1, K. Müller2, E. Fischer3, D. Bartels1, and T. Borsch2 1 Institut für Molekulare Physiologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany 2 Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany 3 Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften ± Biologie, Universität Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraûe 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany Received: July 14, 2004; Accepted: September 22, 2004 Abstract: The Lamiales are one of the largest orders of angio- Traditionally, Craterostigma, Lindernia and their relatives have sperms, with about 22000 species. The Scrophulariaceae, as been treated as members of the family Scrophulariaceae in the one of their most important families, has recently been shown order Lamiales (e.g., Takhtajan,1997). Although it is well estab- to be polyphyletic. As a consequence, this family was re-classi- lished that the Plocospermataceae and Oleaceae are their first fied and several groups of former scrophulariaceous genera branching families (Bremer et al., 2002; Hilu et al., 2003; Soltis now belong to different families, such as the Calceolariaceae, et al., 2000), little is known about the evolutionary diversifica- Plantaginaceae, or Phrymaceae. In the present study, relation- tion of most of the orders diversity. The Lamiales branching ships of the genera Craterostigma, Lindernia and its allies, hith- above the Plocospermataceae and Oleaceae are called ªcore erto classified within the Scrophulariaceae, were analyzed. Se- Lamialesº in the following text. The most recent classification quences of the chloroplast trnK intron and the matK gene by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG2, 2003) recognizes (~ 2.5 kb) were generated for representatives of all major line- 20 families. -
The Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae and the Biological Control of Buddleja Davidii
The disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae and the biological control of Buddleja davidii M.K. Kay,1 B. Gresham,1 R.L. Hill2 and X. Zhang3 Summary The woody shrub buddleia, Buddleja davidii Franchet, is an escalating weed problem for a number of resource managers in temperate regions. The plant’s taxonomic isolation within the Buddlejaceae was seen as beneficial for its biological control in both Europe and New Zealand. However, the re- cent revision of the Scrophulariaceae has returned Buddleja L. to the Scrophulariaceae sensu stricto. Although this proved of little consequence to the New Zealand situation, it may well compromise Eu- ropean biocontrol considerations. Host-specificity tests concluded that the biocontrol agent, Cleopus japonicus Wingelmüller (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), was safe to release in New Zealand. This leaf- feeding weevil proved capable of utilising a few non-target plants within the same clade as Buddleja but exhibited increased mortality and development times. The recent release of the weevil in New Zealand offers an opportunity to safely assess the risk of this agent to European species belonging to the Scrophulariaceae. Keywords: Cleopus, Buddleja, taxonomic revision, phylogeny. Introduction there is no significant soil seed bank. The seed germi- nates almost immediately, and the density and rapid There are approximately 90 species of Buddleja L. early growth of buddleia seedlings suppresses other indigenous to the Americas, Asia and Africa (Leeu- pioneer species (Smale, 1990). wenberg, 1979), and a number have become natural- As a naturalized species, buddleia is a shade-intolerant ized outside their native ranges (Holm et al., 1979). colonizer of urban wastelands, riparian margins and Buddleia, Buddleja davidii Franchet, in particular, is an other disturbed sites, where it may displace indigenous escalating problem for resource managers in temperate species, alter nutrient dynamics and impede access regions and has been identified as a target for classi- (Smale, 1990; Bellingham et al., 2005). -
Myoporum Sandwicense Gray Somewhat Like Sandalwood During Drying, but the Odor Is Short-Lived
Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced) Naio, false-sandalwood fine textured. The wood has an attractive figure imparted by dark zones in the growth rings. It gives off an odor Myoporum sandwicense Gray somewhat like sandalwood during drying, but the odor is short-lived. After the supply of sandalwood was ex- Myoporum family (Myoporaceae) hausted, this wood was shipped to China as a substitute, but was not accepted. A fire made from the wood is al- Native species (endemic) most unbearably fragrant, according to Degener (1930, 261–271). Considered a good firewood by most upland One of the common trees of the island of Hawaii from ranchers. sea level to timberline, in both dry and wet forests through Timbers of this species were among those preferred the islands. Recognized by its dark gray very thick, rough for frames of the Hawaiian houses. It was also used for and irregularly furrowed bark, many crowded narrowly fishing torches because of its good burning characteris- elliptical lance-shaped leaves resinous or sticky when tics. A number of large trees have been cut in recent young, small white to pinkish bell-shaped flowers at leaf years, and the lumber produced has been used for floor- bases, and whitish oblong rounded fruits. ing, furniture, and craftwood items. Although not too A small tree of 30 ft (9 m) in height and 1 ft (0.3 m) stable, it has performed well in service. in trunk diameter, with thin rounded crown, or a large This handsome plant with many pinkish white flow- tree recorded to 60 ft (18 m) and 3 ft (0.9 m), or a wind- ers is suitable for cultivation as an ornamental shrub. -
Cunninghamia : a Journal of Plant Ecology for Eastern Australia
Benson & Howell, Cumberland Plain Woodland ecology then and now 631 Cumberland Plain Woodland ecology then and now: interpretations and implications from the work of Robert Brown and others Doug Benson and Jocelyn Howell Benson, Doug & Howell, Jocelyn (Plant Sciences Branch, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia) 2002. Cumberland Plain Woodland ecology then and now: Interpretations and implications from the work of Robert Brown and others. Cunninghamia 7 (4): 631–650. (Paper presented at Robert Brown 200 conference.) By the time Robert Brown visited western Sydney (1802–1805), its vegetation was already beginning to be affected by settlers’ activities. The Cumberland Plain Woodland that occurred on the clay soils has now been extensively cleared and long-term management of remnants for species conservation is of high priority. Robert Brown’s collections in the area, together with descriptions by Atkinson, Cunningham and other writers, provide us with valuable information on the vegetation and its floristic composition. Supported by recent site monitoring at Mount Annan Botanic Garden at Campbelltown, we interpret this information in the light of current ecological knowledge and conclude that: • Woodland structure is variable in the short term; therefore seeking to conserve structure exactly as described in the historical literature is not necessarily appropriate. • While the historical literature provides evidence of the broad floristic composition of the Cumberland Plain area overall, it does not provide sufficient detail on individual sites; future management of specific sites must therefore be based on current data. • The evidence suggests relatively few species have become extinct overall, possibly because many species appear to be relatively long-lived, and have mechanisms to survive drought, fire and grazing, though not soil alteration. -
Muelleria Vol 32, 2014
‘A taste for botanic science’: Ferdinand Mueller’s female collectors and the history of Australian botany Sara Maroske Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, South Yarra, Victoria 3141, Australia Abstract Introduction In 1884, Ferdinand Mueller, In 1884, Ferdinand Mueller, Government Botanist of Victoria, told his New Government Botanist of Victoria, South Wales based collector, Mary Bate, ‘You are one of the very few Ladies told his collector Mary Bate that in all Australia, who have any taste for botanic science, in contrast to what she was ‘one of the very few’ women in Australia interested in is observed in all Europe and North America’ (L84.07.20). Mueller made this botany in contrast to the situation remark during a period in the Western world when the study of natural in Europe and North America. history had opened up to the general population, and the study of botany, This proposition is assessed using in particular, was possible for girls and women (Watts 2007). Nevertheless, Maroske and Vaughan’s biographical in opining the relative lack of enthusiasm Australian women had for his register (2014), which identifies 225 of Mueller’s female collectors, favourite science, Mueller was also playing an active part in overcoming it. and outlines their contribution to His letter to Bate was in fact a persuasive, intended to encourage this young Australian botany. An analysis of this woman to remain engaged in what could be an uncomfortable pastime in register reveals that Mueller achieved the bush around Tilba Tilba, by allying her with her more demure flower- a scale and level of engagement pressing and painting sisters at ‘Home’ in the United Kingdom.