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PLANT COMMUNITY FIELD GUIDE Introduction to Rainforest
PLANT COMMUNITY FIELD GUIDE Introduction to Rainforest Communities Table of Contents (click to go to page) HCCREMS Mapping ....................................................................... 3 Field Data Sheet ............................................................................. 4 Which of the following descriptions best describes your site? ................................................................ 5 Which plant community is it? .......................................................... 9 Rainforest communities of the Lower Hunter .................................. 11 Common Rainforest Species of the Lower Hunter ........................................................................ 14 A picture guide to common rainforest species of the Lower Hunter ........................................................... 17 Weeding of Rainforest Remnants ................................................... 25 Rainforest Regeneration near Black Jacks Point ............................ 27 Protection of Rainforest Remnants in the Lower Hunter & the Re-establishment of Diverse, Indigenous Plant Communities ... 28 Guidelines for a rainforest remnant planting program ..................... 31 Threatened Species ....................................................................... 36 References ..................................................................................... 43 Acknowledgements......................................................................... 43 Image Credits ................................................................................ -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Dendrobium Kingianum Bidwill Ex Lindl
Volume 24: 203–232 ELOPEA Publication date: 19 May 2021 T dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea14806 Journal of Plant Systematics plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Telopea • escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/TEL • ISSN 0312-9764 (Print) • ISSN 2200-4025 (Online) A review of Dendrobium kingianum Bidwill ex Lindl. (Orchidaceae) with morphological and molecular- phylogenetic analyses Peter B. Adams1,2, Sheryl D. Lawson2, and Matthew A.M. Renner 3 1The University of Melbourne, School of BioSciences, Parkville 3010, Victoria 2National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Ave., Melbourne 3004, Victoria 3National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney 2000, New South Wales Author for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Populations of Dendrobium kingianum Bidwill ex Lindl. from near Newcastle, New South Wales to southern and central west Queensland and encompassing all regions of the distribution were studied using field observations, morphometric analysis and nrITS sequences. A total of 281 individuals were used to construct regional descriptions of D. kingianum and 139 individuals were measured for 19 morphological characters, and similarities and differences among specimens summarised using multivariate statistical methods. Patterns of morphological variation within D. kingianum are consistent with a single variable species that expresses clinal variation, with short-growing plants in the south and taller plants in the northern part of the distribution. The nrITS gene tree suggests two subgroups within D. kingianum subsp. kingianum, one comprising northern, the other southern individuals, which may overlap in the vicinity of Dorrigo, New South Wales. The disjunct D. kingianum subsp. carnarvonense Peter B. -
RHS the Garden Magazine Index 2020
GardenThe INDEX 2020 Volume 145, Parts 1–12 Index 2020 January 2020 February 2020 March 2020 April 2020 May 2020 June 2020 1 2 3 4 5 6 Coloured numbers campestre ‘William ‘Voodoo’ 9: 78 ‘Kaleidoscope’ lauterbachiana Plas Brondanw, North in bold before the page Caldwell’ 3: 32, 32 ‘Zwartkop’ 7: 22, 22; 11: 46, 46 1: 56, 57 Wales 12: 38–42, 38–42 number(s) denote the x freemanii Autumn 8: 54, 54 ‘Lavender Lady’ 6: 12, macrorrhizos 11: 33, 33 Andrews, Susyn, on: part number (month). Blaze (‘Jeffersred’) Aeschynanthus 3: 138 12; 11: 46–47, 47 micholitziana 2: 78 hollies, AGM cultivars Each part is paginated 10: 14, 14–15 Aesculus ‘Macho Mocha’ Aloe Safari Sunrise (‘X5’) 12: 31, 31 separately. griseum 1: 49; 2: 14, 14– hippocastanum 11: 46, 47 6: 12, 12 Anemone: 15; 11: 34, 35; 12: 10, 10; ‘Hampton Court ‘Mayan Queen’ 11: 46 Aloysia: ‘Frilly Knickers’ 9: 7, 7 Numbers in italics 12: 83 Gold’ 3: 89, 89 ‘Pineapple Express’ citrodora (lemon Wild Swan denote an image. micrantham 10: 80 ‘Wisselink’ 3: 89, 89 11: 47 verbena) 6: 87, 87, 88; (‘Macane001’) 5: 74, palmatum 4: 74–75; x neglecta ‘Silver Fox’ 11: 47 to infuse gin 4: 82, 83 74, 76 Where a plant has a 12: 65, 65 ‘Erythroblastos’ Aglaonema (Chinese gratissima angelica root to infuse Trade Designation ‘Garnet’ 10: 27, 27 3: 88, 88 evergreen): 1: 57; 7: 34, (whitebrush or gin 4: 82, 82 (also known as a selling platanoides Agapanthus: 5: 82, 83 34; 12: 32, 32 spearmint verbena) Angelonia Serena Series name) it is typeset in ‘Walderseei’ 3: 87, 87 ‘Blue Dot 9: 109 ‘King of Siam’ 1: 56, 57 6: 86, 88 8: 16, 17 a different font to pseudoplatanus ‘Bressingham Blue’ pictum ‘Tricolor’ Alstroemeria: angel’s trumpet (see distinguish it from the ‘Brilliantissimum’ 9: 109 1: 44, 45 Indian Summer Brugmansia) cultivar name (shown 3: 86, 86–87 ‘Cally Blue 9: 109 Agrostis nebulosa (‘Tesronto’) 8: 16, 16 Angwin, Kirsty, on: in ‘Single Quotes’). -
Review of Selected Literature and Epiphyte Classification
--------- -- ---------· 4 CHAPTER 1 REVIEW OF SELECTED LITERATURE AND EPIPHYTE CLASSIFICATION 1.1 Review of Selected, Relevant Literature (p. 5) Several important aspects of epiphyte biology and ecology that are not investigated as part of this work, are reviewed, particularly those published on more. recently. 1.2 Epiphyte Classification and Terminology (p.11) is reviewed and the system used here is outlined and defined. A glossary of terms, as used here, is given. 5 1.1 Review of Selected, Relevant Li.terature Since the main works of Schimper were published (1884, 1888, 1898), particularly Die Epiphytische Vegetation Amerikas (1888), many workers have written on many aspects of epiphyte biology and ecology. Most of these will not be reviewed here because they are not directly relevant to the present study or have been effectively reviewed by others. A few papers that are keys to the earlier literature will be mentioned but most of the review will deal with topics that have not been reviewed separately within the chapters of this project where relevant (i.e. epiphyte classification and terminology, aspects of epiphyte synecology and CAM in the epiphyt~s). Reviewed here are some special problems of epiphytes, particularly water and mineral availability, uptake and cycling, general nutritional strategies and matters related to these. Also, all Australian works of any substance on vascular epiphytes are briefly discussed. some key earlier papers include that of Pessin (1925), an autecology of an epiphytic fern, which investigated a number of factors specifically related to epiphytism; he also reviewed more than 20 papers written from the early 1880 1 s onwards. -
Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NCTMBER 52 Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae Harold Robinson, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, andJames F. Weedin SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1981 ABSTRACT Robinson, Harold, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, and James F. Weedin. Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae. Smithsonian Contri- butions to Botany, number 52, 28 pages, 3 tables, 1981.-Chromosome reports are provided for 145 populations, including first reports for 33 species and three genera, Garcilassa, Riencourtia, and Helianthopsis. Chromosome numbers are arranged according to Robinson’s recently broadened concept of the Heliantheae, with citations for 212 of the ca. 265 genera and 32 of the 35 subtribes. Diverse elements, including the Ambrosieae, typical Heliantheae, most Helenieae, the Tegeteae, and genera such as Arnica from the Senecioneae, are seen to share a specialized cytological history involving polyploid ancestry. The authors disagree with one another regarding the point at which such polyploidy occurred and on whether subtribes lacking higher numbers, such as the Galinsoginae, share the polyploid ancestry. Numerous examples of aneuploid decrease, secondary polyploidy, and some secondary aneuploid decreases are cited. The Marshalliinae are considered remote from other subtribes and close to the Inuleae. Evidence from related tribes favors an ultimate base of X = 10 for the Heliantheae and at least the subfamily As teroideae. OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIESCOVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllumjaponicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Chromosome numbers in Compositae, XII. -
Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales. -
Australian Essential Oils History and Emerging Trends
Australian Essential Oils – History and Emerging Trends Ashley Dowell – Essential Oil Producers Association of Australia & Southern Cross University 23 rd October 2019 Introduction Australia has a unique flora largely of Gondwanan origin with later influence from the Indian subcontinent and South East Asia. Gondwana land was a pre-historic super continent including Australia, New Zealand, South America, Antarctica, Africa and the Indian sub-continent. Although separating early, it is proposed that Australia and India re-connected for a period of time before separating again. In more recent history Australia was connected to South-east Asia by land bridges which arose due to falling sea levels resulting from ice age glaciation Dominant plant families present in Australia include the essential oil bearing genus: Myrtaceae – Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, Leptospermum Rutaceae – Boronia, Citrus Other significant essential oil bearing plant families found in Australia are the Santalaceae, Myoporaceae, and Cupressaceae. Australia is often perceived as a land of deserts but is in fact a diverse collection of fire and drought adapted environments. Eucalypt woodlands make up to 39% of Australian vegetative cover, predominantly in New South Wales and Queensland followed by Hummock grasslands at 23% found mostly in Western Australia, Queensland and New SouthWales and Acacia woodlands occupying 10-20%, mostly in Western Australia, Queensland and New South Wales. There are significant areas of Acacia shrublands, Tussock grasslands and Chenopod shrubs and forblands, particularly in South Australia. There are relatively small (less than 70,000 Km2) but biologically significant areas of tropical and temperate rainforest in eastern coastal areas from Queensland to Tasmania, as well as Tall eucalypts forests and Callitris and Casuarina forests further inland and in sub-alpine areas. -
Flowers, Posts and Plates of Dirk Hartog Island
Flowers, Posts and Plates of Dirk Hartog Island Lesley Brooker FLOWERS POSTS AND PLATES January 2020 Home Flowers, Posts and Plates of Dirk Hartog Island Lesley Brooker For the latest revision go to https://lesmikebrooker.com.au/Dirk-Hartog-Island.php Please direct feedback to Lesley Brooker at [email protected] Home INTRODUCTION This document is in two parts:- Part 1 — FLOWERS is an interactive reference to some of the flora of Dirk Hartog Island. Plants are arranged alphabetically within families. Hyperlinks are provided for quick access to historical material found on-line. Attention is drawn (in the green boxes below the species accounts) to some features which may help identification or may interest the reader, but these are by no means diagnostic. Where technical terms are used, these are explained in parenthesis. The ultimate on-line authority on the Western Australian flora is FloraBase. It provides the most up-to-date nomenclature, details of subspecies, flowering periods and distribution maps. Please use this guide in conjunction with FloraBase. Part 2 — POSTS AND PLATES provides short historical accounts of some the people involved in erecting and removing posts and plates on Dirk Hartog Island between 1616 and 1907, and those who may have collected plants on the island during their visit. Home FLOWERS PHOTOGRAPHS REFERENCES BIRD LIST Home Flower Photos The plants are presented in alphabetical order within plant families - this is so that plants that are closely related to one another will be grouped together on nearby pages. All of the family names and genus names are given at the top of each page and are also listed in an index. -
Antigonon Leptopus): Intentional Introduction of a Plant with Documented Invasive Capability
Invasive Plant Science and Management 2011 4:265–273 Invasion Alert Corallita (Antigonon leptopus): Intentional Introduction of a Plant with Documented Invasive Capability Janelle M. Burke and Antonio DiTommaso* Corallita (Antigonon leptopus) is a perennial vine, lauded as an ornamental for its vigorous growth, and plentiful (usually) pink flowers, and even its ability to smother unsightly landscapes. In the United States it thrives in horticultural zones 8 to 10, and also is successfully grown worldwide in tropical climates. When corallita is neglected, it can grow quickly over other vegetation, spreading beyond its area of introduction. Once established, it is difficult to eradicate because it produces many tuberous roots that can propagate vegetatively. Its fruits are buoyant, allowing for successful seed dispersal in water. The islands of Guam (South Pacific Ocean) and St. Eustatius (Caribbean Sea) represent two regions where corallita has become so pervasive that it threatens local diversity. In Florida, already it is classified as a Category II invasive. Our report reviews the literature and past studies of corallita, in addition to adding new taxonomic and distribution information from herbarium specimens to clarify the identity and geographic range. It is recommended that introductions of this plant by the horticultural industry in both tropical and temperate regions be closely monitored to prevent spread. On tropical island nations, we advise against any new introductions. Nomenclature: Corallita; coral creeper; Mexican creeper; corallina, bellisima; Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. Key words: Ornamental, Polygonaceae, tropics, vine. Like many other members of the Polygonaceae [e.g., roadside weed in its native Mexico (Howard 2001; Reynoutria japonica Houtt., Emex spinosa (L.) Campd., Pichardo and Vibrans 2009), but it is on tropical islands Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. -
Some Botanical Highlights in the Gardens at the Moment
Some botanical highlights in the Gardens at the moment The numbers refer to the gardens as shown on your map. There is plenty of colour in the Garden this month but our flagship plants, which are at their very best, are the giant Echiums. You will notice them throughout the Garden but the best show is in the Mediterranean Garden (10). Our Echiums are endemic plants from Macronesia, the groups of islands in the north Atlantic off the coast of Europe and north Africa. Giant Echiums (Echium pinnianum) have impressive towering blue spires of flowers. They come from the Canary Islands where they grow in the native laurel forests and are endangered by habitat loss. There are many species of woody Echium on the Canaries, often confined to single islands or isolated mountain tops. At one time we grew many different species in the Garden but they have a tendency to hybridise with each other. The cold weather in March of this year killed off most of the tender species and we are left with a hybrid swarm of plants with flower colours varying from pale blue, bright blue, mauve and pink. Some are single stemmed and others form branched woody plants. This explains why, if you look closely, you will see a range of flower colour and growth form in the plants. Meanwhile, here are some other plants to look out for on your tour of the Garden. There is plenty of colour in the Garden at the moment. Just after passing through the Fig Pergola, if you turn right and walk to the commemorative seating area, you will find an unusual shrub in flower bearing yellow pom-pom flowers. -
A Preliminary List of the Vascular Plants and Wildlife at the Village Of
A Floristic Evaluation of the Natural Plant Communities and Grounds Occurring at The Key West Botanical Garden, Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida Steven W. Woodmansee [email protected] January 20, 2006 Submitted by The Institute for Regional Conservation 22601 S.W. 152 Avenue, Miami, Florida 33170 George D. Gann, Executive Director Submitted to CarolAnn Sharkey Key West Botanical Garden 5210 College Road Key West, Florida 33040 and Kate Marks Heritage Preservation 1012 14th Street, NW, Suite 1200 Washington DC 20005 Introduction The Key West Botanical Garden (KWBG) is located at 5210 College Road on Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida. It is a 7.5 acre conservation area, owned by the City of Key West. The KWBG requested that The Institute for Regional Conservation (IRC) conduct a floristic evaluation of its natural areas and grounds and to provide recommendations. Study Design On August 9-10, 2005 an inventory of all vascular plants was conducted at the KWBG. All areas of the KWBG were visited, including the newly acquired property to the south. Special attention was paid toward the remnant natural habitats. A preliminary plant list was established. Plant taxonomy generally follows Wunderlin (1998) and Bailey et al. (1976). Results Five distinct habitats were recorded for the KWBG. Two of which are human altered and are artificial being classified as developed upland and modified wetland. In addition, three natural habitats are found at the KWBG. They are coastal berm (here termed buttonwood hammock), rockland hammock, and tidal swamp habitats. Developed and Modified Habitats Garden and Developed Upland Areas The developed upland portions include the maintained garden areas as well as the cleared parking areas, building edges, and paths.