I t HÈ IBUNE, F R i DAŸV MARCH Ö, M t

— ------■— 11 ' ' * wm* we miuietheUterestlng discoverythat lag was to be seen, b u ti? « felt' that, to be at the pole on Dec. 14 in the aft­ the Bom barrier terminated 'In a bight contrary to expcctatioas.we werego- ernoon. toward the southeast at 86 degrees ing fast down hill. The hypsometer The Pole Attained. south latitude and 163 degrees west gave us that day a descent of 600 feet longitude, formed between the south­ We continued our march the next That day was a beautiful one—a light east mountain range running from day in a gale, and a dense snowdrift breeze from southeast, the temperature South Victoria land and a range on got our faces badly frozen. We could minus 23 Celsius (9.4 degrees below the opposite side running in a south­ see nothing. We reached that day 86 zero F.)t and the groiind and sledging westerly direction—probably a continu­ degrees, dead reckoning. The • hyp- were perfect. ' The day went along as The Explorer and Four The Pole Surrounded by a ation of King EdWhrd VII. land. someter indicated a fall of 800 feet. usual, and at 3 p. m, we made a halt. Companions With Fifty- Vast Plateau Named In On the 13th we reached 84 degrees, The next day was similar. The "According to our reckoning, we had where we established a depot: on the weather cleared a little at dinner time reached our, destination. All of us two Dogs Climb Over Ice King Haakon’s Honor. 16th we were at So degrees, where also and exposed to our view a mighty gathered around the colors—a beauti­ Mountains to the Pole. Three Days Spent at we made a depot. mountain range to the cast and not far ful silk flag—all hands taking hold of Point Farthest South. From our winter quarters, “Fram- off only for a moment, and then it dis­ it and planting it. New Range of Mountains helm,” 78 degrees 38 minutes south lat­ appeared in the dense snowdrift. The vast plateau on which the pole Located. “ Devil's Dancing Room." itude, we had been marching due On the 29th it calmed down and the is standing got the name of the “King south. On the 17th of November, at 85 sun shone, though it was not the only Haakon VII. plateau.” It is a vast degrees, we arrived at a place where pleasant surprise he gave. In our plain, alike in all directions. Mile aft­ the land and harrier were connected. course stretched a big glacier running er mile during the night we circled scientific work as possible was done, This was done without any great dif­ toward the south. At its eastern end around the camp. BY ROALD AMUNDSEN. and some astonishing meteorological ficulty. The barrier here rises In un­ was the mountain range going in a In the fine weather we spent the fol­ Copyright, 1912, by th# Now York Timoa observations were taken. Company. dulations to about 300 feet. Some few southeasterly direction. Of the west­ lowing day taking a series of observa­ tions from 0 a. m. to 7 p. m. The re­ [All rights reserved.] Open Water All Winter. big crevices indicated the limited ern part of it no view was to be had, it boundary. being hidden In the dense fog. At the sult gave us 89 degrees 55 minutes. OBART, Tasmania, March 8, There was very little snow, and Here we made our head depot, tak­ foot of this glacier, the Devil’s glacier, In order to observe the pole as close 11:20 a. m.—On the 10th of there was open water close by through­ ing provisions for sixty days on a depot for six days was established, at as possible we traveled as near, south February, 1911, we commenc­ out the winter. For the same reason sledges and leaving thirty days’ pro­ Hed to work our way toward higher temperature had been expected, visions on the spot. the south, from that day to the 11th but it remained very low. In five months there were observed of April establishing three depots, A Difficult Climb. temperatures between minus 50 and IWhlch In all contained a quantity of The land under which we lay and 60 degrees Celsius (58 and 78 degrees provisions of about 3,000 kilos. One which we now had to attack looked below zero F.), the lowest tempera­ thousand six hundred kilos, including quite Imposing. The nearest summits ture, on the 13th of August, being along the barrier had a height of from 1,100 kilos of seal meat, were cached minus 59 degrees Celsius. It was then 2.000 to 10,000 feet, but several others in 80 degrees, 700 kilos in 81 degrees est south latitude attained was 78 de­ calm. On Aug. 1 the temperature was further south were 15,000 feet or more. iand 800 kilos in 82 degrees south lati­ grees 41 minutes. minus 58 degrees Celsius, and there The next day we began the climb. Before the arrival of winter we had tude. were six meters of wind. The mean The first part of it was an easy task - 8,000 kilos of seal meat In the depots, i As no landmarks were to be seen, temperature for the year was minus light stops and well filled mountain enough for ourselves and 110 dogs. these depots were marked with flags 28 degrees Celsius (14.8 below zero F.). Bides. It did not take a long time, for Eight dog houses, a combination of «even kilometers on each side In the I had expected hurricane after hur­ our willing dogs worked their way up. tents and snow huts were built. ricane, but I observed only two mod­ easterly and westerly directions. Further up we met with some small erate storms and many excellent auro­ ! The ground and the state of the bar­ Winter on the Ice Barrier. but very steep glaciers. Here we had ra australis In all directions. to harness twenty dogs to each sledge rier were of the best and specially well Having cared for the dogs, the turn The sanitary conditions were of the and take the four sledges in two turns. adapted to driving with dogs. On Feb. came to use our solid little hut. It best all the winter, and when the sun In some places It was so steep that it 15 we had thus traveled about a hun­ was almost entirely covered with snow returned on Aug. 24 we met the men was difficult enough to use our skis. dred kilometers. The weight of the by the middle of April. First we had sound In mind and body, ready to set Some big crevices forced us from ■ledges was 3Q0 kilos, and the number to get light and air. The Lux lamp, about the task that had to be solved. time to time to make detours. The first of dogs was six for each sledge. The which had a power of 200 standard Already, the day before, we had day we climbed 2,000 feet, the next brought our sledges to the starting day mostly up some small glaciers, place for our march toward the south. camping* at a height of 4,500 feet. The Only In the beginning of September third day we were obliged to go down Captain Roald Amundsen, First Man did the temperature rise to such an on a’ mighty glacier, “ Axel Heiberg’s extent that there was any question of glacier,” which divided the coast to Reach the South Pole. setting out. mountains and the mountains further First Start For the Pole. south. The next day began the longest part On Sept. 8 eight men, with seven of our climb. Many detours had to be sledges, ninety dogs and provisions for made In order to avoid broad cracks four months, started. The ground was and open crevices. These were appar perfect. The temperature was not bad. ently mostly filled up, ns the glaciers The next day it appeared that we had in all probability had long ago stopped started too early, as the temperature of moving, but we had to be very care the following days fell and was kept ful, never knowing for certain how steady between minus 50 and 60 Cel­ thick was the layer that covered them sius (58 degrees and 70 degrees below Our camp that night lay in very pic zero F.). Personally, we did not suf­ turesque surroundings at a height of fer at all from this cold. Our good furs 5.000 feet. The glacier here was nnr protected us. But with our dogs it was rowed in between the two 15,000 feet a different matter. It would easily bo high mountains, the “ Fridtjof Nansen” seen that they shrunk from day to day, and the “ Don Pedro Christophersen.” and we understood pretty soon that From the bottom of the glacier rose they could not stand the long run to Mount “ Ole Englstad,” a big snow our depot at 80 degrees south. cone 13,500 feet high. MAP SHOWING AMUNDSEN’S E0UTE TO THE SOUTH POLE. We agreed on returning and to wait for the arrival of spring. The provi­ Day’s Splendid Work. sions were cached, and off we went for 86.21 degrees south latitude. The hyp­ as possible the remaining nine kilome­ thq hut. With the exception of the The glacier was very much broken someter Indicated 8,000 feet above sea ters. loss of a feiV dogs and a couple of In this comparatively narrow pass. The level. On Dec. 16 there we camped. It was frozen heels everything was all right. mighty crevices seemed to stop us from an excellent opportunity. There was a A Splendid Mountain View. Only in the middle of October spring going farther, but It was not so serious brilliant sun. Four of us took obser­ enme In earnest. Seals and birds ap­ as It appeared. Our dogs, which up to On Nov. 30 we began to climb the vations every hour of the day’s twen­ peared. The temperature was steady this time had coyered a distance of glacier. The lower part of it was very ty-four hours. The exact result will between 20 and 30 Celsius (68 degrees about 700 kilometers, the last day’s much broken and dangerous. More­ be the matter of a professional private and 86 degrees F.). over, the snow bridges very often burst. jreport. The original plan that all of us should From our camp that night'we had a This much is certain—that we ob­ go toward the south had been changed. splendid view over the mountain to served the pole as close as it is in hu­ Five men had to do this work, while the east. There was “Helmar Han­ man power to do It with the instru­ the other three were to start for the sen’s summit," the most remarkable ments we had, a sextant and an artifi­ east and visit King Edward VII. land. of them all. It was 12,000 feet high cial horizon. This lost mentioned trip was not In­ and covered witli such broken glaciers On Dec. 17 everything was in order cluded In our program, but owing to that in all probability no foothold on the spot. We fastened to the ground the fact that the English had not reach was to be found. “Oscar Wlstlng’s” a little tent we had brought along, a ed it at least this summer, as was their “Sverre Hassel’s" and “ Olav Hjan- Norwegian flag and the Fram pendant intention, we agreed that the best thing land’s" mountains also lay here, beau­ on the top of it. tq do was also to niake this trip. tifully illuminated in the rays of the The Norwegian home at the south On Oct. 20 the southern party started bright sun. i pole was called “ Polheim.” —five men, four sledges, fifty-two dogs In the distance, and only alternately The distance from our winter quar­ and provisions for four months—every­ to he viewed In the fog, appeared from ters to the pole was about' 1,400 kilo­ thing In excellent order. time to time “ Mount Nielsen," with Its meters. The average march a day was twenty-five kilometers. The Journey to the Pole. summits and peaks about 15,000 feet high. We only saw, the nearest sur­ The Return Journey. We had made up our minds to take roundings. , the first part of "the trip as easily as It took us three days to surmount We started on the return trip on the possible in order to give ourselves and the Devil's glacier, always In misty 17th of December.’ Unusually favor­ the dogs a rational training, and on weather. able weather made our way home com- the 23d we made our depot in 80 de­ On the 1st of December we left this slderably easier than the journey to grees south. We went right ahead. broken glacier, with holes and crevices the pole. We arrived at our winter In spile of the dense fog an error of without number, with its height of quarters, “ Framhelm,” on the 25th of two to throe kilometers happened once 9,100 feet. Before us, looking In the January, 1912, with two sledges and in awhile, and we were caught by the mist and snowdrift like a frozen sea, eleven dogs, all well. flag marks and found these on our way appeared a light, sloping ice plateau The daily average speed on the re­ without difficulty. filled with small hummocks. turn trip was thirty-six kilometers. Having rested and fed the dogs on The walk ovfcr this frozen sea was The lowest temperature was minus 31 all the seal meat they were able to eat, not pleasant. The ground under us was Celsius (23.8 degrees below zero F.)t we started again on the 20th‘, with the quite hollow, and It sounded as though the highest minus 5 Celsius (23 degrees temperature steadily between minus 20 we were walking on the bottoms of aboVe zero F.). and 30 Celsius (4 degrees and 22 de­ empty barrels. As it was, a man fell Among the results are the determina­ grees below zero F.). through, then a couple of dogs. We tion of the extent and character of the From the start It was the intention could not use our skis on this pol­ Ross harrier and the discovery of the not to drive more than thirty kilo­ ished ice. Sledges had the best of it. connection of South Victoria land and meters a day, but it appeared that this The place got the name the “ Devil’s probably King Edward VII. land, with was too little for our strong, willing Dancing Room." This part of our their continuation in the mighty moun­ Photo by American Press Association. animals. At 80 degrees south we began march was the most unpleasant. On tains running toward the southeast, to build snow cairns of a man’s height, Dec. 6 we got our greatest height, ac­ which were observed as far as 88 de­ in order to have marks on our return cording to the hypsometer and ane­ grees south, but which in. all probabil­ Rpald Amundsen, discoverer of the eouth pole, is a bachalor, forty trip. On the 31st we reached the depot roid, 10,750 feet, at 87 degrees 40 min­ ity continue across the antarctic conti­ yoara old, and a native of Norway. Hia first taste of exploration wat in at 81 degrees and stopped there one utes BOUth. nent r 1897, when he tailed aa first officer of Gerlach’t Belgian south polar expe­ day and fed the dogs on as much pem- dition. He it the .first man to accomplish the long attempted feat of tak­ On Dec. 8 we came out of the bad The entire length of the newly dis­ mlcan as they wanted. ing a ship from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean by way of tha Northwest weather. Once again the* sun smiled covered mountains is about 850 kilo­ passage. This He accomplished in 1903 and 1905. We reached the depot at 82 degrees down on us. Once again we could get meters. They have been named “Queen on the 5th of November, where the dogs an observation. Dead reckoning and Maud’s range.” for the last time got all they wanted.to observation were exactly alike—88 de­ The expedition to King Ejlward VIL surface o f the barrier was smooth and candles, gave us a brilliant light and eat. On the 8th, southward again, with Photo tty American Press Association. grees 88 minutes 16.6 seconds south. land, under the command o f Lieuten­ fine, with no sastrugi. The crevices kept the temperature up to 20 degrees a dally march of 50 kilometers. Before us lay an absolutely plain ant Prestud, has given excellent re­ Celsius (68 degrees F.) throughout the In order to lighten our heavy sledges CAPTAIN BOBEKT N. BOOTT, AMUNDSEN'S were very local and. were found dan­ BBITISH BTVAIi. plateau, only here and there marked sults. Scott’s discoveries have been gerous in only two places. For the winter, and onr excellent ventilation we established depots at each degree with a tiny sastrugi. confirmed, and the survey o f the Bay rest—long, smooth undulations. system gave us all the air We wantéd. of south latitude, very hard work, ran this day thirty- In the afternoon we passed 88 de­ o f Whales and of the barrier dome by five kilometers, the ascent being 5,600 The weather was excellent—calm or In direct communication with the lik e a Pleasure Trip. grees 23 minutes (Shackleton’a farthest the Prestud party are of great interest - feet, an almost incredible record. a light breeze. The lowest temperature hut and dugout on the barrier were south was 88 degrees 25 minutes). We A good geological collection from The trip from 82 degrees to 85 de­ It took us only four days from the on these depot trips was -minus 45 Cel- workshops, packing rooms, cellars for camped and established our last depot, King Edward VII. and South Victoria grees became a pleasure trip—excellent barrier to get up on the vast inland sIns or centigrade (49 degrees below provisions, coal, wood and oil, a plain depot No. 10. From 80 degrees 25 min­ land Is being brought home. ' ground, fine sledging and an even, plateau. Eero F.). On the 4th o f March, on our bath, a steam bath and observatories. utes the plateau begaq to slope down The Fram arrived at the Bay of temperature. Everything went like a We camped that night at a height of return from the first trip beginning on Thus we had everything within doors very gently and smoothly toward the Whales on the 9th of January. She had dance. 10,600 feet. Here we had to kill twen­ the 15th of February, we found out if the weather should be too cold and other side. been delayed by the “ Roaring Forties” On the 9th w e . sighted South Vic­ ty-four of our brave companions and that tihe Fram had already left us, stormy«. On the 9th o f December we reached on account of the easterly winds. toria land and the continuation o f the keep eighteen, six for each of our three ¡With ¿pride and delight we heard that The sun left us on the 22d of April 88 degrees 89 minutes; on Dec.-10, 88 On Jan. 10 the Japanese expedition ¿tad did not return until four months mountain range which Sir Ernest sledges. » her pfnart captaln had succeeded. in degrees 56 minutes; Dec. 11,89 degrees arrived at the Bay o f Whales and land­ We stopped here four days on ac­ a|iliiig her‘ farthe»t south and the: ' “** ir. tTbe winter was spent in chang­ Sbackleton mentioned in his chart as 15 minutes; Dec. 12,89 degrees'30 min­ ed on the barrier near onr winter quar­ eur. whole outfit, which ,on the de­ running toward the southeast from the count o f bad weather. Tired o f this, hblsdnlNtea cp l^ itf lhls country: A utes; Dec. 13, 89 degrees 45 minutes. ' ters. We left the "Bay o f Whales on. Beard glacier, and on the we set dot on the 28th of November. prions moment for him and his com* pot Ç4ps was found to be too clnmsy more same "Op to this time the observations and Jin.- 80.' It was A lbng vojfage, with On the 20th, in a furious bllxxard and and.salid. for the. srnooth. snrfiace o f day,we reached 83 degrees and -estab­ dead reckoulrigagreed rimlitAbly contrifryrvrtMi. All 'are vrflL * ! In a dense snowdrift, absolutely noth- south—good old Fram! The high the barrier. Besides this, a i ’ mïïéh lished Bert" depot No. 4. On the llth well» and we mMe'