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BY ROALD AMUNDSEN. and Some Astonishing Meteorological Ficulty

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BY ROALD AMUNDSEN. and Some Astonishing Meteorological Ficulty I t HÈ IBUNE, F R i DAŸV MARCH Ö, M t — ----------■— 11 ' ' * wm* we miuietheUterestlng discoverythat lag was to be seen, b u ti? « felt' that, to be at the pole on Dec. 14 in the aft­ the Bom barrier terminated 'In a bight contrary to expcctatioas.we werego- ernoon. toward the southeast at 86 degrees ing fast down hill. The hypsometer The Pole Attained. south latitude and 163 degrees west gave us that day a descent of 600 feet longitude, formed between the south­ We continued our march the next That day was a beautiful one—a light east mountain range running from day in a gale, and a dense snowdrift breeze from southeast, the temperature South Victoria land and a range on got our faces badly frozen. We could minus 23 Celsius (9.4 degrees below the opposite side running in a south­ see nothing. We reached that day 86 zero F.)t and the groiind and sledging westerly direction—probably a continu­ degrees, dead reckoning. The • hyp- were perfect. ' The day went along as The Explorer and Four The Pole Surrounded by a ation of King EdWhrd VII. land. someter indicated a fall of 800 feet. usual, and at 3 p. m, we made a halt. Companions With Fifty- Vast Plateau Named In On the 13th we reached 84 degrees, The next day was similar. The "According to our reckoning, we had where we established a depot: on the weather cleared a little at dinner time reached our, destination. All of us two Dogs Climb Over Ice King Haakon’s Honor. 16th we were at So degrees, where also and exposed to our view a mighty gathered around the colors—a beauti­ Mountains to the Pole. Three Days Spent at we made a depot. mountain range to the cast and not far ful silk flag—all hands taking hold of Point Farthest South. From our winter quarters, “Fram- off only for a moment, and then it dis­ it and planting it. New Range of Mountains helm,” 78 degrees 38 minutes south lat­ appeared in the dense snowdrift. The vast plateau on which the pole Located. “ Devil's Dancing Room." itude, we had been marching due On the 29th it calmed down and the is standing got the name of the “King south. On the 17th of November, at 85 sun shone, though it was not the only Haakon VII. plateau.” It is a vast degrees, we arrived at a place where pleasant surprise he gave. In our plain, alike in all directions. Mile aft­ the land and harrier were connected. course stretched a big glacier running er mile during the night we circled scientific work as possible was done, This was done without any great dif­ toward the south. At its eastern end around the camp. BY ROALD AMUNDSEN. and some astonishing meteorological ficulty. The barrier here rises In un­ was the mountain range going in a In the fine weather we spent the fol­ Copyright, 1912, by th# Now York Timoa observations were taken. Company. dulations to about 300 feet. Some few southeasterly direction. Of the west­ lowing day taking a series of observa­ tions from 0 a. m. to 7 p. m. The re­ [All rights reserved.] Open Water All Winter. big crevices indicated the limited ern part of it no view was to be had, it boundary. being hidden In the dense fog. At the sult gave us 89 degrees 55 minutes. OBART, Tasmania, March 8, There was very little snow, and Here we made our head depot, tak­ foot of this glacier, the Devil’s glacier, In order to observe the pole as close 11:20 a. m.—On the 10th of there was open water close by through­ ing provisions for sixty days on a depot for six days was established, at as possible we traveled as near, south February, 1911, we commenc­ out the winter. For the same reason sledges and leaving thirty days’ pro­ Hed to work our way toward higher temperature had been expected, visions on the spot. the south, from that day to the 11th but it remained very low. In five months there were observed of April establishing three depots, A Difficult Climb. temperatures between minus 50 and IWhlch In all contained a quantity of The land under which we lay and 60 degrees Celsius (58 and 78 degrees provisions of about 3,000 kilos. One which we now had to attack looked below zero F.), the lowest tempera­ thousand six hundred kilos, including quite Imposing. The nearest summits ture, on the 13th of August, being along the barrier had a height of from 1,100 kilos of seal meat, were cached minus 59 degrees Celsius. It was then 2.000 to 10,000 feet, but several others in 80 degrees, 700 kilos in 81 degrees est south latitude attained was 78 de­ calm. On Aug. 1 the temperature was further south were 15,000 feet or more. iand 800 kilos in 82 degrees south lati­ grees 41 minutes. minus 58 degrees Celsius, and there The next day we began the climb. Before the arrival of winter we had tude. were six meters of wind. The mean The first part of it was an easy task - 8,000 kilos of seal meat In the depots, i As no landmarks were to be seen, temperature for the year was minus light stops and well filled mountain enough for ourselves and 110 dogs. these depots were marked with flags 28 degrees Celsius (14.8 below zero F.). Bides. It did not take a long time, for Eight dog houses, a combination of «even kilometers on each side In the I had expected hurricane after hur­ our willing dogs worked their way up. tents and snow huts were built. ricane, but I observed only two mod­ easterly and westerly directions. Further up we met with some small erate storms and many excellent auro­ ! The ground and the state of the bar­ Winter on the Ice Barrier. but very steep glaciers. Here we had ra australis In all directions. to harness twenty dogs to each sledge rier were of the best and specially well Having cared for the dogs, the turn The sanitary conditions were of the and take the four sledges in two turns. adapted to driving with dogs. On Feb. came to use our solid little hut. It best all the winter, and when the sun In some places It was so steep that it 15 we had thus traveled about a hun­ was almost entirely covered with snow returned on Aug. 24 we met the men was difficult enough to use our skis. dred kilometers. The weight of the by the middle of April. First we had sound In mind and body, ready to set Some big crevices forced us from ■ledges was 3Q0 kilos, and the number to get light and air. The Lux lamp, about the task that had to be solved. time to time to make detours. The first of dogs was six for each sledge. The which had a power of 200 standard Already, the day before, we had day we climbed 2,000 feet, the next brought our sledges to the starting day mostly up some small glaciers, place for our march toward the south. camping* at a height of 4,500 feet. The Only In the beginning of September third day we were obliged to go down Captain Roald Amundsen, First Man did the temperature rise to such an on a’ mighty glacier, “ Axel Heiberg’s extent that there was any question of glacier,” which divided the coast to Reach the South Pole. setting out. mountains and the mountains further First Start For the Pole. south. The next day began the longest part On Sept. 8 eight men, with seven of our climb. Many detours had to be sledges, ninety dogs and provisions for made In order to avoid broad cracks four months, started. The ground was and open crevices. These were appar perfect. The temperature was not bad. ently mostly filled up, ns the glaciers The next day it appeared that we had in all probability had long ago stopped started too early, as the temperature of moving, but we had to be very care the following days fell and was kept ful, never knowing for certain how steady between minus 50 and 60 Cel­ thick was the layer that covered them sius (58 degrees and 70 degrees below Our camp that night lay in very pic zero F.). Personally, we did not suf­ turesque surroundings at a height of fer at all from this cold. Our good furs 5.000 feet. The glacier here was nnr protected us. But with our dogs it was rowed in between the two 15,000 feet a different matter. It would easily bo high mountains, the “ Fridtjof Nansen” seen that they shrunk from day to day, and the “ Don Pedro Christophersen.” and we understood pretty soon that From the bottom of the glacier rose they could not stand the long run to Mount “ Ole Englstad,” a big snow our depot at 80 degrees south. cone 13,500 feet high. MAP SHOWING AMUNDSEN’S E0UTE TO THE SOUTH POLE. We agreed on returning and to wait for the arrival of spring. The provi­ Day’s Splendid Work. sions were cached, and off we went for 86.21 degrees south latitude. The hyp­ as possible the remaining nine kilome­ thq hut. With the exception of the The glacier was very much broken someter Indicated 8,000 feet above sea ters.
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