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Formerly Placed in the Genus Metaphidippus (Araneae: Salticidae)

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Formerly Placed in the Genus Metaphidippus (Araneae: Salticidae) PELEGRINA FRANGANILLO AND OTHER JUMPING SPIDERS FORMERLY PLACED IN THE GENUS METAPHIDIPPUS (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE) WAYNE P. MADDISON' CONTENTS Abstract 216 2. Pelegrina proxima (G. & E. Peckham, Introduction 217 1901) 265 Acknowledgments 218 3. Pelegrina dithalea new species 268 Materials and Methods 219 4. Pelegrina edrilana new species 269 Explanation of Morphological and Behavioral 5. Pelegrina proterva (Walckenaer, 1837) __ 270 Terms 222 6. Pelegrina peckhamorum (Kaston, The Subfamily Dendryphantinae 226 1973) 272 Relationships within the Dendryphantinae 231 7. Pelegrina neoleonis new species 273 The Bagheera Group of Genera 232 8. Pelegrina tristis new species 274 Two Genera That Have Exchanged Species 9. Pelegrina sabinema new species 275 with Metaphidippus: Dendryphantes 10. Pelegrina pervaga (G. & E. Packham, and Beata 235 1909) 276 The Proper Placements of Metaphidippus 11. Pelegrina kastoni new species 277 Species 237 12. Pelegrina flavipedes (G. & E. Peckham, Phanias F. P.-Cambridge, 1901 238 1888) 278 Terralonus new genus 239 13. Pelegrina flaviceps (Kaston, 1973) 279 Ghelna new genus 239 14. Pelegrina exigua (Banks, 1892) 281 The Genus Pelegrina Franganillo, 1930 240 15. Pelegrina montana (Emerton, 1891) 283 Phylogeny within Pelegrina 245 16. Pelegrina insignis (Banks, 1892) 284 Identifying Species of Pelegrina and the 17. Pelegrina chaimona new species 286 Metaphidippus mannii Group 247 18. Pelegrina clemata (Levi & Levi, 1951) .. 287 Key to the Males of All Species of Pelegrina 19. Pelegrina aeneola (Curtis, 1892) 288 and Those Metaphidippus mannii 20. Pelegrina halia new species 290 Group Species Occurring in the United 21. Pelegrina chalceola new species 291 States 248 22. Pelegrina furcata (F. P.-Cambridge, Key to the Female Pelegrina of the Eastern 1901) 292 United States and Canada (East of the 23. Pelegrina volcana new species 294 Mississippi River and Manitoba) 257 24. Pelegrina bicuspidata (F. P.-Cam- Key to the Female Pelegrina of the Great bridge, 1901) 295 Plains (between the Rocky Mountains 25. Pelegrina ochracea (F. P.-Cambridge, and the Mississippi River) 258 1901) 295 Key to the Female Pelegrina of the Pacific 26. Pelegrina morelos new species 296 Coast of the United States and Western 27. Pelegrina huachuca new species 296 Canada 258 28. Pelegrina arizonensis (G. & E. Peck- Key to the Female Pelegrina and mannii ham, 1901) 297 Group of Arizona 259 29. Pelegrina helenae (Banks, 1921) 298 Key to the Pelegrina and Nagaina females 30. Pelegrina verecunda (Chamberlin & of Mexico and Central America 260 Gertsch, 1930) 299 Descriptions of the Species of Pelegrina 262 31. Pelegrina clavator new species 300 1. Pelegrina galathea (Walckenaer, 1837) __ 263 32. Pelegrina pallidata (F. P.-Cambridge, 1901) 301 33. Pelegrina variegata (F. P.-Cambridge, ' Biol- 1 901 302 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary ) ogy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721. 34. Pelegrina yucatecana new species 303 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 154(4): 215-368, January, 1996 215 216 Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, Vol. 154, No. 4 35. Pelegrina sandaracina new species 304 cussed, and the harfordii group is transferred to the 36. Pelegrina tillandsiae (Kaston, 1973) 305 genus Phanias F. P. -Cambridge, which appears to be 37. Pelegrina bunites new species 306 relatively distantly related to most other dendry- 38. Pelegrina orestes new species 307 phantines. The following new combinations are es- The Genus Nagaina G. & E. Peckham, 1896 ... 308 tablished: Phanias albeolus (Chamberlin & Ivie), 39. Nagaina incunda G. & E. Peckham, Phanias concoloratus (Chamberlin & Gertsch), 1896 308 Phanias dominatus (Chamberlin & Ivie), Phanias Species of the mannii Group of the United furcifer (Gertsch), Phanias furcillatus (F. P. -Cam- States and Canada 310 bridge), Phanias harfordii (G. & E. Peckham), Phan- 40. Metaphidippus mannii (G. & E. Peck- ias monticola (Banks), Phanias neomexicanus (Banks), ham, 1888) 310 and Phanias watonus (Chamberlin & Ivie). Also re- 41. Metaphidippus diplacis (ChamberUn, moved from Metaphidippus are the mylothrus and 1924) 312 castaneus groups, for which the new genera Terra- 42. Metaphidippus tricolor ChamberUn & lonus and Ghelna are described, thus yielding the Ivie, 1941 314 new combinations Terralonus californicus (G. & E. 43. Metaphidippus chera (ChamberHn, Peckham), Terralonus mylothrus (Chamberlin), Ter- 1924) 315 ralonus unicus (Chamberlin & Gertsch), Terralonus 44. Metaphidippus carmenensis (Chamber- shaferi (Gertsch & Riechert), Terralonus versicolor Hn, 1924) 316 (G. & E. Peckham), Terralonus vittatus (Banks), Ter- 45. Metaphidippus emmiltus new species .... 317 ralonus fraternus (Banks), Ghelna castanea (Hentz), Literature Cited 318 Ghelna barrotvsi (Kaston), Ghelna sexmaculata Index 322 (Banks), and Ghelna canadensis (Banks). The new combination Sassacus paiutus (Gertsch) is estab- lished. The vitis group is retained in Metaphidippus. Abstract. The genus Pelegrina Franganillo con- The limits of the genera Dendryphantes C. L. Koch also reconsidered. tains 38 species of dendryphantine jumping spiders and Beata G. & E. Peckham are from North and Central America that were formerly The combination Dendryphantes nigromaculatus placed in the genus Metaphidippus F. O. Pickard- Keyserling is revived and the following combinations Cambridge. The close relatives of the Dendryphan- established: Beata hispida (G. & E. Peckham), Beata tinae may include the Europhryinae and several inconcinna (G. & E. Peckham), Beata maccunii (G. smaller groups, for they share an embolus that is & E. Peckham), and Beata rustica (G. & E. Peck- coiled counterclockwise (left palp) and separated from ham). Dryphias (G. & E. Peckham) is synonymized the tegulum by a fully expandable hematodocha. The with Beata. subfamily Dendryphantinae itself is delimited by the The largest group removed from Metaphidippus derived conditions of a carina on the underside of is placed in the genus Pelegrina Franganillo, 1930, the male chelicera, the coil of the embolus folded whose species are, with some exceptions, distin- back so as to be hidden behind the base of the em- guished from other dendryphantines by the presence bolus, and S-shaped epigynal openings. of two terminal rami retrolateral to the embolus open- Within the subfamily, generic relationships are ing, an embolic hematodocha that bulges distally, poorly understood, but it is clear that the genus Me- wrinkles on the anterior margin of the male cheliceral taphidippus is polyphyletic. The genus should in- fang, a distinct band of pale scales on the side of the clude at most a few species closely related to the face, and male courtship with the first legs held low neotropical genera Messua G. & E. Peckham, Bag- and forward. The following species are moved into heera G. & E. Peckham, and Gastromicans Mello- Pelegrina: P. aeneola (Curtis), P. arizonensis (G. & Leitao. Gastromicans is removed from synonymy with E. Peckham), P. bicuspidata (F. P. -Cambridge), P. Beata G. & E. Peckham. The following new com- clemata (Levi & Levi), P. exigua (Banks), P.flaviceps binations are established for species in this group: (Kaston), P.flavipedes (G. & E. Peckham), P.furcata Bagheera prosper (G. & E. Peckham), Messua cen- (F. P. -Cambridge), P. galathea (Walckenaer), P. he- tralis (G. & E. Peckham), Messua dentiger (F. P.- lenae (Banks), P. insignis (Banks), P. montana Cambridge), Messua donalda (Kraus), Messua lata (Emerton), P. ochracea (F. P.-Cambridge), P. palli- (Chickering), Messua laxa (Chickering), Messua lim- data (F. P.-Cambridge), P. peckhamorum (Kaston), bata (Banks), Messua moma (F. P. -Cambridge), Mes- P. pervaga (G. & E. Peckham), P. proterva (Wal- sua octonotata (F. P. -Cambridge), Messua pura ckenaer), P. proxima (G. & E. Peckham), P. tilland- P. (Bryant), Messua trident ata (F. P. -Cambridge), Gas- siae (Kaston), P. variegata (F. P.-Cambridge), and tromicans albopilosa (G. & E. Peckham), Gastromi- verecunda (Chamberlin & Gertsch). Pelegrina prox- cans hondurensis (G. & E. Peckham), Gastromicans ima is shown to be a senior synonym of Pelegrina levispina (F. P. -Cambridge), Gastromicans noxiosa geniculata Franganillo, the latter being the types spe- (Simon), and Gastromicans vigens (G. & E. Peck- cies of Pelegrina. A neotype is designated for Attus ham). The combination Messua desidiosa G. & E. galathea Walckenaer. Seventeen species are de- Peckham is revived. The proper placement of various scribed as new: P. balia, P. bunites, P. chaimona, P. groups currently assigned to Metaphidippus is dis- chalceola, P. clavator, P. dithalea, P. edrilana, P. Pelegrina Jumping Spiders • Maddison 217 luiaclnica, P. kastoni, P. morelos, P. neoleonis, P. about half of the nearly 300 species of sal- orestes, P. sabinctua, P. sandaracina, P. tristis, P. ticids north of Mexico volcano, and P. ijucaiecana. Eitophnjs leucophaea C. occurring (accord- to the count of L. Koch, Icitis crassiventer Keyserling, and Meta- ing Richman and Cutler, pJiidippiis digitatus F. P. -Cambridge are newly syn- 1978). In the last three decades, increased on\mized with P. galathea; Dendrijphantes uteaniis interest in the family has resulted in re- Chamberhn & Gertsch with P. aeneola; and Dendry- visions of Habronattus (Griswold, 1987), phantes mimiis Chamberhn with P. furcata. Eu- in and ophrys concolor Banks is removed from synonymy Phidippus (Edwards, preparation), other w ith P. proterva and considered a senior synonym of genera (Proszynski, 1968, 1971a, Sittacus cursor Barrows, yielding the new combina- 1973a, 1980; Cutler,
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