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Seleção Sexual Na Aranha Urbana Hasarius Adansoni (Araneae: Salticidae)

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Seleção Sexual Na Aranha Urbana Hasarius Adansoni (Araneae: Salticidae) Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Seleção sexual na aranha urbana Hasarius adansoni (Araneae: Salticidae) Aluno: Leonardo Braga Castilho Orientadora: Regina Helena Ferraz Macedo Co-Orientadora Maydianne C B Andrade Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia da Universidade de Brasília (PPG-Ecol), como requisito principal para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ecologia Sumário Agradecimentos ............................................................................................................... i Lista de figuras .............................................................................................................. iv Lista de tabelas ................................................................................................................v Introdução geral ..............................................................................................................1 Referências bibliográficas .............................................................................................7 Capítulo 1- DESCRIPTION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF THE JUMPING SPIDER Hasarius adansoni (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE)....................12 Abstract........................................................................................................................13 Introduction..................................................................................................................14 Methods........................................................................................................................15 Rearing.................................................................................................................15 Vibratory signals..................................................................................................15 Mating trials.........................................................................................................16 Measurements ......................................................................................................17 Results..........................................................................................................................18 Mating trials.........................................................................................................18 Vibratory signals..................................................................................................19 Egg laying............................................................................................................20 Morphology and mating success .........................................................................21 Discussion....................................................................................................................23 Literature cited ............................................................................................................25 Capítulo 2- SEXUAL PREFERENCES AND THEIR BENEFITS IN THE JUMPING SPIDER Hasarius adansoni ......................................................................28 Abstract........................................................................................................................29 Introduction .................................................................................................................30 Methods........................................................................................................................32 Capture and handling...........................................................................................32 Morphological measurements..............................................................................33 Sperm counting....................................................................................................34 Mating trials.........................................................................................................35 Offspring quality..................................................................................................36 Statistical analyses ...............................................................................................37 Results..........................................................................................................................39 Female mate choice .............................................................................................39 Male mate choice.................................................................................................40 Offspring quality..................................................................................................41 Discussion....................................................................................................................42 References....................................................................................................................45 Capítulo 3- INDIVIDUAL SEXUAL PREFERENCES IN FEMALES OF THE JUMPING SPIDER Hasarius adansoni.......................................................................50 Abstract........................................................................................................................51 Introduction .................................................................................................................52 Methods........................................................................................................................54 Study species .......................................................................................................54 Capture and handling...........................................................................................54 Mating trials.........................................................................................................55 Statistical analyses ...............................................................................................56 Results..........................................................................................................................57 Data reduction......................................................................................................57 Individual preferences .........................................................................................58 Assortative mating for size ..................................................................................59 Previews sexual experience and mate choice ......................................................61 Discussion....................................................................................................................61 References....................................................................................................................64 Capítulo 4- TESTING THE DIFFERENTIAL COST ASSUMPTION OF THE HANDICAP HYPOTHESIS IN MALES OF THE JUMPING SPIDER Hasarius adansoni .........................................................................................................................69 Abstract........................................................................................................................70 Introduction .................................................................................................................71 Methods........................................................................................................................74 Study species .......................................................................................................74 Collection and housing of animals ......................................................................75 Experimental procedures .....................................................................................75 Measuring morphological characters...................................................................77 Statistical analyses ...............................................................................................77 Results..........................................................................................................................78 Discussion....................................................................................................................79 References....................................................................................................................82 Conclusão geral..............................................................................................................85 Referências bilbiográficas ...................................................................................86 Agradecimentos Ao contrário do meu mestrado, onde poucos me ajudaram, desta vez tenho uma lista longa de nomes a citar. Em primeiro lugar, agradeço à minha família. Obrigado, pai, por ser meu conselheiro oficial nesta vida, por aguentar todas as minhas crises existenciais nos últimos quatro anos, por depositar sua fé e orgulho em mim a cada degrau subido. Obrigado mãe, por valorizar cada uma das minhas pequenas vitórias, por aumentar minha autoestima sempre que eu preciso e por me ligar todos os dias ao meio-dia perguntando se eu almocei (hehe). Obrigado minha irmã, por... bem, ela não fez nada de mais, mas obrigado mesmo assim. Obrigado também às minhas avós e tios, por sempre me ligarem e me parabenizarem a cada conquista, me fazendo sentir que entrar em um programa de doutorado ou conseguir uma publicação em um periódico pequeno se compara a ganhar um Prêmio Nobel. Como não poderia deixar de ser, agradeço de todo o coração à minha orientadora,
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