N4/5 History HOME LEARNING Dear Learner and Parent/Carer This workbook has been created to support you with learning at home. Please complete work at a pace that suits you and your family. We understand that you have many different subjects sending you work and need to manage your time to complete work for all subjects. We would recommend completing a minimum of 2 tasks per week. While the tasks in the booklet can be completed independently, a Team has been set up for the N4/5 History class to support home learning. An email will be sent to all history students encouraging them to engage with our class Team. As you complete a task, you can email it to your teacher or send it through Microsoft Teams. This will allow your teacher to give you feedback before you move onto the next task. You can attach your work as a word document or take a picture of work you have handwritten. To contact me, please email: [email protected] Page 1 National 4/5 Movement of Peoples Introduction - Migration in Britain and Unwilling Settlers Name: _________________________________ Class: ___________ Page 2 Population, Population, Population. How did it grow? National Census During the 18th and 19th centuries, the population of Britain increased dramatically. From 1801, the government began to take a census (count) of the number of people living in Britain every 10 years. This gives us accurate figures for the population increase and we know that by 1900, there were more than six times as many people living in Britain as there had been in 1750. Using the information in the table, create a bar graph using the title - ‘Population Growth in Britain.’ Remember to label your axes. Year Population (millions) 1811 10 1831 16 1851 20 1871 26 1891 35 1911 42 Questions: 1. What is a census and when was the first one? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. Why is a census useful? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. By how much did the population increase between 1801 and 1911? ________________ Possible Reasons Historians debate the reasons for population growth. Obviously, if more people are born and fewer people die, then that will increase the number of people. Let’s look at some of the reasons WHY population grew in Britain. Page 3 Reasons for population growth Reason Explanation Farming methods improved because of new technology. This meant that much more food could be produced and so people became healthier. It also meant that machines did most of the work so people moved to towns looking for work. When people moved to towns and cities, they found work in factories. Wages were much better than in the countryside so people had more money and could marry earlier because they could support their family. This meant that more babies were born. Medicine improved. People learned about how germs spread and new vaccines meant that fewer people died of infectious diseases. This meant that babies who lived past their first birthday increased from 35% to 85%. With the invention of steam power, not only was there much more work in factories, but transport got much better with steam trains. This meant that food could be delivered from the countryside quickly and people living in cities got fresher food and had a better diet. Lots of people chose to move to Britain from abroad. Some came to escape poverty and persecution in their own country, others came looking for jobs in the industrial cities or to start their own businesses. Science improved so much that people became aware that killer diseases like cholera could be spread through water. This resulted in towns providing clean water supplies to people living there. Using the above information, make the middle box happen using the sheet on the next page. Page 4 Make the middle box happen Aim: to summarise all the reasons we’ve found for population increase in Britain Task 1: Explain the statements. Statement: More jobs Statement: Better farming methods Explain: Explain: Statement: Clean Water Statement: Medicine Explain: Explain: The population of Britain increased because… Statement: Steam power Statement: Immigration Explain: Explain: Task 2: Now link the boxes. Make as many links as you can. Label each line to explain the link. Which reason do you think is the most important? Explain why. Page 5 _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Enclosure In British history, enclosure was the process which ended the traditional right of all people to use common land to grow crops or raise livestock. Traditionally large sections of land was common land. Each family had a strip of the land to grow food and common land was also used to graze their animals so they could survive and raise their families, without a paid job. This is known as subsistence farming. The process of enclosure stopped anyone using the land except the owner. This process started around the 1500s and saw the countryside divided up into a patchwork of fields and paddocks, separated by fences made of stone or hedges. By the 1800s, most of common land in Britain had been put into private hands. In many cases, the rich used their power to force poor families off the land they had lived on for generations, leaving them homeless. The Idea of “Common lands” that everyone shared in order to live off, is similar to what other cultures? _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 1. Subsistence farming means? ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Page 6 Traditional Villages with open Enclosed lands which are fenced Common lands. off keeping common people out. Right or Wrong? The process of enclosure has sometimes been accompanied by force, resistance, and bloodshed, and remains among the most controversial areas of agricultural and economic history in Britain. Some historians argue that rich landowners used their control in parliament to help themselves to public land for their private benefit. This created a landless working class that provided the labour needed in the new industries in growing towns and cities developing due to the industrial revolution. Other historians say that this is not fair and that many people who had lived in poverty for years due to subsistence farming were happy to move to cities to find jobs in factories which paid much better wages. I’m Lord Aston and I own Now that the common this land. Enclosure is great for me because with land is gone we have no bigger enclosed fields, I way of surviving. My can use new machinery for family have lived here farming and make much for years. This is more money. It’s my land terrible for us. and I’ll do what I want. To be honest, we’ve lived in poverty for years trying to grow enough I can prove that I own part to survive. I hear the of the land so I will be able wages are great in to continue to farm here. It’s great because it means factories. I want to go! the others can’t graze their animals and destroy my crops Page 7 Storyboard – Draw a sequence of events, based on which version of the above you support the most. Explain why each version may be partially right and partially wrong? ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Page 8 People Move to New Industrial Cities The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization, or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from the countryside to cities. Almost overnight, small towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities. Other cities grew up around the factories built in once-quiet market towns. The British market town of Manchester numbered 17,000 people in the 1750s. Within a few years, it exploded into a centre of the textile industry. Its population soared to 40,000 by 1780 and 70,000 by 1801. Disease spread easily as terrible slum housing was thrown up to accommodate workers. Children were also employed in factories and often lost limbs when they were caught in machines. Visitors described the “cloud of coal vapour” that polluted the air, the pounding noise of steam engines, and the filthy stench of its river. Dundee Glasgow Manchester Birmingham London Page 9 The Industrial Revolution 1. 2. 3. 4. Choose two of the four photo sources above. For each one you choose write down the following: Number: ____ Number: ____ Who: _____________________________________ Who: _____________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ What: ____________________________________