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The Colonial Virginia Press and the Stamp Act

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T,"""""" 0'" 0011 tho ~ol>1.':;';t!.,h=-::e~~~{~~':: j~:~~=:!'i:",-;:,:~~~ .~;~ :r,::::=.~~~'ry=Yopo<I" ~~~::; "!r~ Jl~<~pI':"';'~ , 'l'.IilI OOlo(l\:.n, ¥i.'f. IIcr.Nt ON TIlE PIER 01' '.I:IlS 1''\01F10 lUlL S1E.liiBBl.P OOW'ANY, SoUl FIl.AN01.SOO-.PASSE."lQEMDlll.EllW ..Wto;a Ul.l .lU:Ci1l BEG".JVU) flY THElR F.B.IE:.'ID$.-.r1~" ... &I:z.."'QIl' n O~ ~ Autn.-$u 1'.... 1111. 62 Goodbye Patrick S. Washburn, Ohio University 63 Stories of Today: Rebecca Harding Davis' Investigative Fiction Mark Canada, University of North Carolina-Pembroke -4 The Colonial Virginia Press and the Stamp Act: An Expansion of Civic Discourse Roger P Mellen, New Mexico State University 86 Popular Chinese Images and "The Coming Man" of 1870: Racial Representations of Chinese Mary MCronin, New Mexico State University, and William E. Huntzicker, Minneapolis 100 When Elm Street Became Treeless: Journalistic Coverage of Dutch Elm Disease, 1939-80 Phillip J Hutchison, University of Kentucky no Standing By: Police Paralysis, Race, and the 1964 Philadelphia Riot Nicole Maurantonio, University of Richmond 122 Book Reviews, Katherine A. Bradshaw, Editor Ed Kennedys Wtzr: V-E Day, Censorship, and the Associated Press, by Julia Kennedy Cochran, ed. Children,War, and Propaganda, by Ross F. Collins Journalism and Realism: Rendering American Lift, by Thomas B. Connery Baldwin of the Times: Hanson W Baldwin, A Military journalists Lift, 1903-1991, by Robert Davies Out on Assignment: Newspaper Women and the Making of Modern Public Space, by Alice Fahs Dangerous Ambition: Rebecca West and Dorothy Thompson, New Women in Search of Love and Power, by Susan Hertog Housework and Housewives in American Advertising: Married to the Mop, by Jessamyn Neuhaus Branding Obamessiah: The Rise of an American Idol by Mark Edward Taylor Deftnding White Democracy: The Making of a Segregationist Movement and the Remaking of Racial Politics, 1936-1965, by Jason Morgan Ward jOlfl71alisllJ History is published four times a year by the E.W Scripps made out to Ohio University, to: Michael S. Sweeney, jOlfmalislJI History ~ of Journalism at Ohio University. Articles and reviews in the jour- E.w. Scripps School of Journalism, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701. n:L apress the opinions of the authors and are not necessarilythose of For permission to use copyrighted material before VoL 16: 3-4, please :De editors. contact the Department of Journalism, California Slate University- North- The annual subscription rate is $20 for individuals, $65 for institutions, ridge, Northridge,Calif. 91330-0001. For permission to use copyrighted :..II!:IC SIS for students. For subscriptions outside North America, please add material from Vol. 16: 3-4 to Vol. 26, please contact the Hank Grecnspun .i'.2 per year. Single copies may be ordered for $10 apiece. ISSNNumber: School of Communication, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Box 45507, eu..-6-9. Those wishing to subscribe should send a check or money order, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nev. 89154-5007. ©2012 E.\V Scripps School of Journalism ROGER P. MELLEN The Colonial Virginia Press and the Stamp Act An Expansion of Civic Discourse The Stamp Act, which was imposed on the American colonies by the British government in 1765, was an essential prefoce to the American Revolution. Historians have observed that it brought about an important transition for colonial printers, politicizing them and turning them into influential purveyors of propaganda. The act had a critical impact on print culture in Virginia, which was the largest of the colonies and one that was crucial to the formation of a new nation. This study helps to clarify an historical debate regarding the colonial printers' supposed unanimous opposition to the tax. Focusing on the print-related cultural shifts of this period, it concludes that a newly critical Virginia press and an accompanying broadening civic discourse led to a new regardfor freedom of the press. he colonial Virginia press rook a dramatic (Urn away from limitations had serious political and social consequences because censorship and toward dissent during the Stamp An crisis. the printer was the sole gatekeeper for information published in This change cannot simply be explained by the evolving the one mass medium based in the colony. I With managemem over T the selection and distribution of messages, me printer-or anyone political situation; it also was the result of an increase in print competition and an overall increasing influence of print at that who controlled him-had a great deal of influence over political time. The hated tax imposed by the English Parliament in 1765 discourse in the colony. marked the beginning of an alteration in the role of all colonial The British ministry appeared to have aimed the Stamp Act newspapers and their printers and was most dramatic in Virginia, directly at those with this influence and the disseminators of such where the controversial stamp tax law polarized political opinion dissidence, and members of a new, more broadly based civic public and led to dissatisfaction with the only printer in the colony. While saw their most important source of information threatened by most of the mid-Atlantic and northern colonies had more than one government action. The ourcry was immediate and the subsequent printer, leading [0 competition for customers and a wider range changes were dramatic. The subordinate relationship of the printer of printed viewpoints, the more rural colony of Virginia did not. to the royal governor in Virginia soon gave way to a much more Contemporaries expressed the opinion that the royal governor kept adversarial role, political dissidence became more evident on the tight control over the only printer and the output of his press. Such printed page, and new radical political ideas eventually led to the Revolution and to the protection of press freedom.
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