DOCSLIB.ORG

Church of England Activism in Virginia, 1752-1774

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Church of England Activism in Virginia, 1752-1774 ' I+National Library ~iblioth&quenationale - 'of Canada du Canada * . Canadian 'Theses Service Services des theses canadiennes Ottawa. Canada . K1 A ON4 - ii a CANADIAN THESES NOTICE AVlS - The quality of thls microfiche is heavily dependent upon the La qualltk de cette microfiche depend grandement de la qualltk . quality of the original thesis submitted for microfi!ming. Every ; de la these sourntse au microftlmage Nous avons tout fact Fur effort has been made to ensure the highest quality of reproduc- assurer une qualit6 superleure de reproduction tion possible. If pages are missmg. Eoqtact the unrverslty whlch granted the S'ii manque des veuillez communiquer avec I'univer- degree site qui a confer6 le grade. li Some pages may have lndistlnct print espec~ally~f the original La gual1:4 d'impression de certaines pages peut la~sser pages were typed wrth a p~ortypewriter rdbon or 11 the univer- &slrer, surtout st les pages orlginales ont 616 dacljllographi6es stly sent us an inlertor pbtocopy ii~aide'd'unruban us6 ou SI l'un~versitenous a fa11 parvenlr - - une photocopte de qualrt6 1nf6rieure Previously copyrighted materials (jou;nal artictes, published Les documents qui font c&jA I'objet d'un droit d'auteur (articles tests, etc 1 are not frlmed de revue, examens publies, etc ) ne Sont pas microfilm& Reproduction in fill or rn part of this fifm is governed by the La reproduction, merne partielle, dc ce microfilm est soumise Canadian Copyright Act, R.S.C. 1970, c. C-30. ,A ia Loi canadi'enne sur le droit d'auteur. SRCnl 970, c C-30. THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED MICROFILM€E TELLE QUE EXACTLY AS RECEIVE0 NOUS L'AVONS RECUE FIGHTING FOR A PLACE: - - IN VIRGINIA,. 1752-1774 q Har.vey Brent McIntosh? B.A., Simon aser University, 1981 A TljESlS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL - FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF s MASTER OF ARTS in the Department History Harvey Brent Plclntosh 1987 s I na~FRASER UN I VERSI TY Apr 1 1 198-7-. All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other mpans, without permission of the author. - "I I c Permission has been granted L'autorisation a &t&accordhe to the National, Library of la ~ibliotheque nationale -- Canada to microfilm this . du Canada de microfilrner ' thesis and to- lend or' sell cette these et de pr6ter ou copies of the film. de vendre des exemplaires du film. The author (copyright owner) L' auteur (titulaire du droit has reserved other d'auteur) se rbserve les publication rights, and autres droits de publication; neither the thesis nor ni la th&se ni de longs extensive extracts from it extraits de celle~cine may be printed or otherwise doivent* Stre imprimbs ou reproduced without his/her autrement reproduiks sans son written permission. autorisation Gcrite. ISBN APPROVAL Name : ~arG'e~Brent McIntosh * . Degree : M ,.A . i' L 4 0.: Title of thesis: Flghting xfdr a .Place: ~hS%ch of England ' eeP" Y Activismtin Virginia, 1752 - 1774. t c.J Examining Committee: E. Ingram, Chairman.. ;:i. Nicholls, ExternalExarniner, Professor Religious StudliesDepartment, University of British Col-urnld ia -- - Date Approved: 2 r&+&7~7 / Ql * J * I PARTIAL COPYRiGHT LICENSE I hereby grant t~ Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesi-pJect or extended esssy4i4e title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to wke part lal or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other edwcationdl Institution, on its o& behalf or for one ot its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purpoms may be granted - by me or the Dean at Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publlcation of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay . " Fighting for a Place: Church of England Activism in Virginia, 1752-1774 - - i Author: ,,, , ~ ., , , , ,. , ,, ,, / c, f" L' ' , (s ignat&re) Harvey Brent McIntosh (name I 1 (date) .- i 1752"and 17-74 the Two Penny Act cr.isis, a control- of the College of William and Mary, and a conflict over resident bishops placed a small contingent of clergy 1-n confrontation with local tay authority. Although separated in tiye, each issue is -connected by a single > pressing conceri$t,whichsphere, lay-or clerical, would control ~irginia's "legal ly established Church? . Circumbtances combined to make this question pressing during the,period under consideration. Religious revival among nonconformist denominations.and centralization of political authority in the House of Burgesses created an environment which was hostile to Church of England autonomy. The Bishop of London's 1752 decision not to grant power to his local repra;entative also vclkeked the Church! s position during this period. This study examines clergy activists' attempts to obtain autonomy for their institution., In each- controversy clerical action conformed to objectives within the tradition of Virginia's Anglican Church. Clergy defences were at first aimed at rhstoring what the activists saw as the status- guo in place before 1752. After this solution eluded them, the clerical minority agitated for a resident bishop in a final bid to maintain the integrity of their institution. iii 'lnethe final .analysis, this thesis demonstrates that the . clerical activists lost in their bid for Church autonomy because they could neither receive essential support from England .nor build a common front emong the Virginia clergy. -- I wil 1 first thank my supervis'or, Alan D. Aberbach, fa \his patience, interest, and wi1lingne.s~to share his expertise during my r.esearch and writing'. The other members. of my committee, Charles Hamilton and William Nicholls were, helpful in spotting errors and providing constructive crikicism. Financial support from the History department and the President's Research Fund made this project possibl@ and I extend thanks! to Jack Little for an otherwise thankless monetary.juggling act. Personal and financial suFport were given most generously by my parents, Dave and Gwen, and by my wife, * Laura. My ,fellow students providefioral support and two, Elizabsth and Peggy, were exceptionally helpful. The office - -- staff and especially Mayleqe made it possible for me to\write in Victoria and adhere to university deadlines by long-distance. d- TABLE OF CONTENTS * e ACKNOVLEDGEMENTS ....................................... v ... TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................... vi 4. Chapfer 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................... d 4 I. CHURCH GOVERNMENT AND CLERICAL SECURITY ..... 9 Notes ..................................... 25 - 11. THOMAS DAMSON AND THE CLERICAL ACTIVISTS .... 28 Notes-........................................ 53 . I I I. THE ACTIVIST DEFENCE, ........................ 58 Notes ..................................... 82 IV. BISHOPS AND ORDINARY BUSINESS ............... 87 Notes ..................................... 105 V. COLLEGE AND PARISH .......................... 108 Notes ..................................... 122- CONCLUSION ....................................... 125 Notes ..................................... 134 INTRODUCTION Between 1752 and 1774 the Parsons' Cause, a dispute over control of the College of' William and Mary, and a conflict over resident bish~psplaced a small contingent of Virginia's Anglican clergy in confrontation with local lay &uthority. Although separated in time, each issue "is connected by a single pressing concern: which sphere lay or clerical would -- control Virginia's legal'ly established Church? Circumstances combined to make this question critical during the period under consideration. Religious revival among nonconformist denominations and centralization of political authority in the lower House of Assembly created an environment which was hostile to Church of England autonomy. ~lthoughthis study is concerned with twenty-two years of Virginia history, the issue of control of the Church was much larger. Since the creation of the Church of England, -the amount of sicular authority* had waxed and waned. %- 1 In immediate terms& problems in Church government stkmmed from pol itical turmoi 1 surrounding the monarchy. During the reign of each monarch bhhops who supported the prevailing- administration were appointed. The bishops were created from adrong a select body of ..Angl ic-ans. Many were. nobles, 'a1 1 '-were gentlemen. Family connectfans and Whig or ~oryaffiliation, were the prime determinants inaelection to a diocese. The relatively rapid succession of James'l I, William and,Mary, and Anne created some instability-in the Convocation of Bishops. But the accession of the Hanovers in 1714 signalled -- -the rebirth of firm lay control over the Church. The long --. reign of the house of Hanover created homogeneity among the bishops. Beginning with George I, the Church was used increasingly "as an instrument of social and political control."' This usage reduced the Anglican hierarchy's power. -The reduced role continued until the 1830s uhen the "Oxfordu or "Tractarian" Movement began to reassert Anglican . > aut-onomy based on the Church as a divinely inspired institution. In Virginia the identification of the Anglican Church with the home government became a liability in the perr od following the French and Indian War. As confl-ict-- emerged between London and local lay authority, clerical appeals to the cotony's diocesan in London ar?d through. English political
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Origins of a Free Press in Prerevolutionary Virginia: Creating
    Dedication To my late father, Curtis Gordon Mellen, who taught me that who we are is not decided by the advantages or tragedies that are thrown our way, but rather by how we deal with them. Table of Contents Foreword by David Waldstreicher....................................................................................i Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................iii Chapter 1 Prologue: Culture of Deference ...................................................................................1 Chapter 2 Print Culture in the Early Chesapeake Region...........................................................13 A Limited Print Culture.........................................................................................14 Print Culture Broadens ...........................................................................................28 Chapter 3 Chesapeake Newspapers and Expanding Civic Discourse, 1728-1764.......................57 Early Newspaper Form...........................................................................................58 Changes: Discourse Increases and Broadens ..............................................................76 Chapter 4 The Colonial Chesapeake Almanac: Revolutionary “Agent of Change” ...................97 The “Almanacks”.....................................................................................................99 Chapter 5 Women, Print, and Discourse .................................................................................133
    [Show full text]
  • James Blair Postgraduate Scholarship (USA and Canada)
    James Blair Postgraduate Scholarship (USA and Canada) Summary The James Blair Postgraduate Scholarship offers a £2,000 tuition fee waiver to up to 15 international students from the United States or Canada, admitted to a Master’s degree programme at the University of Aberdeen. Eligibility Criteria 1. Scholarship applications are open to nationals of the United States or Canada, who are categorised as international students for tuition fees purposes 2. In addition, applicants must have accepted an offer of admission to one or more of the following Master’s programmes, for entry September 2016/17: • Biblical Studies (MTh) • Celtic and Anglo Saxon Studies (MLitt) • Church History (MTh) • Creative Writing (MLitt) • English Literary Studies (MLitt) • Ethnology and Folklore (MLitt) • European Politics and Society (MSc) • Global Conflict and Peace Processes (MSc) • Globalization (MSc) • International Relations (MSc) • Irish & Scottish History (MLitt) • Irish and Scottish Literature (MLitt) • Islamic Studies (MLitt) • Latin American Studies (MSc) • Literature, Science and Medicine (MLitt) • Medieval and Early Modern Studies (MLitt) • Migration and Postcolonial Studies (MLitt) • Ministry Studies (MTh) • Modern History (MLitt) • Museum Studies (MLitt) • Music (MMus) • Music (Sonic Arts) (MMus) • Music (Vocal Music) (MMus) • Novel, The (MLitt) • People and Environment (MSc) • Post-Conflict Justice and Peacebuilding (MSc) • Radicalization and Resistance (MSc) • Refugee and Displacement Studies (MSc) • Religion and Society (MSc) • Scandinavian Studies (MLitt) • Sex Gender Violence: Contemporary Critical Approaches (MSc) • Sociology (MSc) • Strategic Studies (MSc) • Systematic Theology (MTh) • Theological Ethics (MTh) • Visual Culture (MLitt) Assessment Criteria Scholarship applicants will be assess based on their academic record and a short statement of purpose on the following topic: In 500 words (maximum), explain how your chosen Master’s programme will help you achieve your academic or career goals.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the College of William and Mary from Its Foundation, 1693
    1693 - 1870 m 1m mmtm m m m&NBm iKMi Sam On,•'.;:'.. m '' IIP -.•. m : . UBS . mm W3m BBSshsR iillltwlll ass I HHH1 m '. • ml §88 BmHRSSranH M£$ Sara ,mm. mam %£kff EARL GREGG SWEM LIBRARY THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY IN VIRGINIA Presented By Dorothy Dickinson PIPPEN'S a BOOI^ a g OllD STORE, 5j S) 60S N. Eutaw St. a. BALT WORE. BOOES EOUOE' j ESCHANQED. 31 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/historyofcollege1870coll 0\JI.LCkj£ THE HISTORY College of William and Mary From its Foundation, 1693, to 1870. BALTIMOKE: Printed by John Murphy & Co. Publishers, Booksellers, Printers and Stationers, 182 Baltimore Street. 1870. Oath of Visitor, I. A. B., do golemnly promise and swear, that I will truly and faith- fully execute the duties of my office, as a vistor of William and Mary College, according to the best of my skill and judgment, without favour, affection or partiality. So help me God. Oath of President or Professor. I, do swear, that I will well and truly execute the duties of my office of according to the best of my ability. So help me God. THE CHARTER OF THE College of William and Mary, In Virginia. WILLIAM AND MARY, by the grace of God, of England, Scot- land, France and Ireland, King and Queen, defenders of the faith, &c. To all to whom these our present letters shall come, greeting. Forasmuch as our well-beloved and faithful subjects, constituting the General Assembly of our Colony of Virginia, have had it in their minds, and have proposed
    [Show full text]
  • The Germination of a Free Press: a Dissident Print Culture and the Stamp Act in Colonial Virginia
    The Germination of a Free Press: A Dissident Print Culture and the Stamp Act in Colonial Virginia by Roger P. Mellen April, 2006 Roger P. Mellen 2 2/10/06 Acknowledgments The modern electronic world has made crucial primary documents and other sources instantly available through the Internet, yet research still requires the help of many archivists and librarians. This author would like to recognize a special debt to a few experts who have gone beyond the requirements of their job to help: Rosemarie Zagarri, Professor of History at George Mason University, and my dissertation advisor. Del Moore, Reference Librarian at the John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. J. Jefferson Looney, Editor, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, for verifying the Thomas Jefferson letter to Isaiah Thomas does not exist, locating the actual letter, and a variety of other help. Thomas Knoles, Curator of Manuscripts, American Antiquarian Society for assistance in attempting to locate the supposed letter from Thomas Jefferson to Isaiah Thomas. Martha King, Associate Editor, Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton University, for general research suggestions and for help analyzing Jefferson's handwriting. Mariam Touba, Reference Librarian, New York Historical Society for help tracking down the origin of a rare Virginia Gazette, and possible Jefferson connection. Kim Nusco, Reference Librarian, Massachusetts Historical Society, for assistance in tracking down an obscure letter from former Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood. Olga Tsapina, Curator of American Historical Manuscripts, Huntington Library, San Marino, CA for promptly sending me a copy of Landon Carter's letter to Joseph Royle.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Jefferson and the Origins of Newspaper Competition in Pre
    Thomas Jefferson and the Origins of Newspaper Competition in Pre- Revolutionary Virginia Original research paper submitted to The History Division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, 2007 AEJMC Convention Roger P. Mellen George Mason University June 2007 Thomas Jefferson and the Origins of Newspaper Competition in Pre-Revolutionary Virginia “Until the beginning of our revolutionary dispute, we had but one press, and that having the whole business of the government, and no competitor for public favor, nothing disagreeable to the governor could be got into it. We procured Rind to come from Maryland to publish a free paper.” Thomas Jefferson1 Great changes came to the printing business in Virginia in 1765. About the time that Parliament passed the Stamp Act, a second printer was encouraged to open another shop in Williamsburg, marking the beginnings of competition in that field. This was an important watershed for the culture and government of the colony, for it signified a shift in the power structure. Control of public messages began to relocate from the royal government to the consumer marketplace. This was a transformation that had a major impact on civic discourse in the colony. Despite such significance, the motivations behind this change and the relevance of it have often been misunderstood. For example, it is widely accepted that Thomas Jefferson was responsible for bringing such print competition to Virginia. This connection has been constantly repeated by historians, as has early print historian Isaiah Thomas’s contention that Jefferson confirmed this in a letter written specifically from the former president to Thomas.
    [Show full text]
  • Bruton Parish Church - a Brief History
    Bruton Parish Church - A Brief History After Middle Plantation, between the York and James Rivers, was "laid out and paled in" in 1633, a parish with the same name was established. Colonists soon built a church, but no one knows when or where. In 1644, Harrop Parish in James City County became active, and it united with Middle Plantation Parish in 1658 to form Middletown Parish. Still more consolidation followed in 1674 when Marston Parish (1654) in York County merged with Middletown Parish to form Bruton Parish. The name honored the prominent Ludwell family and Governor Sir William Berkeley, whose ancestral homes were at Bruton in County Somerset, England. In its earliest records of April 18, 1674, the vestry named the Reverend Roland Jones as the first rector and authorized buying glebe lands. Three years later, the vestry agreed to build a new brick church to serve the consolidated parish. In 1678, Colonel John Page, a wealthy colonist, donated a plot of land about 144 feet by 180 feet and £20 sterling for building a brick church and for the surrounding churchyard. Other subscribers pledged additional funds. The brick church, about 60 feet by 24 feet, rose to the north and west of the present church building. Completed in 1683 and dedicated the next year at the Epiphany, Bruton Parish Church was of Gothic design with supporting buttresses. Soon the vestry authorized a steeple and a ring of bells. Royal approval of the structure came in 1694 when the governor, Sir Edmund Andros, gave the parish a large silver server (paten) which the church still has.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Librarian
    216 American Antiquarian Society [Oct., REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN "My library was dukedom large enough. " —Tempest, i:2 HEN Joseph's brethren came to his adopted W country during the seven lean years, they were made happy by discovering an abundance of food stored up for their need. And so it is with the historians and college professors from the far corners of the United States who flock to us all the year long, but especially during the summer vacation and the Christmas holidays, eager for our books and newspaper files, our manuscripts, maps and prints, for which they have hungered during the months when they had available only the less fortunately stored historical granaries of their various institutions. From Florida to Vancouver they have journeyed to Worcester in ever-increasing numbers to buy with their enthusiastic appreciation the rich grain of our histori- cal, biographical, and literary resources. As we watch them at their work, we cannot but share their enthu- siasm when they find here the varied materials they need for the scholarly work in which they are engaged. A Seventh Day Adventist historian from Washing- ton found our collections particularly rich in the rare periodicals, pamphlets, and broadsides relating to the Millerite delusion. A business historian was delighted with our wealth of editions of the early manuals of bookkeeping which he needed for his bibliography. A Yale graduate' student delved into our source material on the question of war guilt at the beginning of the Civil War. A Radcliffe graduate was made happy with an abundance of material on the practice of medicine in Colonial days.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ligon Family and Connections, Volume 2
    The Ligon Family and Connections, Volume 2 Willliam D. Ligon, Jr. New York,NY 1957 .-l!}t' fo1,r mouths. l3orn .·l;,ril :!i, /Si') Cumpikr- :llld vdit"r ui \·.,111111c·., I. ;111d II, ·-T:1,· l.1~,,11 1:;unily 1 1 and Cof1Jll'l'li1JJ1;-;._ F, lllllill'r and I :ht I 1"l':,i,ll'nl I I/ TJi~· Li gun Fa111ily ;u1d 1,i11~llll'11 _\ .... -.11ci;Lti(l11, 11JJ7. l·l1;11n11;111 ;u1d (1rg;llt­ izcr (1l Firs/ Li~(II\ F.-unily RL'u11io11 hl'id i11 l{icl111Jci1\!I, \::i., in 1937. :111d S,.-,,,,d l{nu1iun h"ld in \\·:1,l1i11~t,>11, 11 1 ·.. i11 1939. PREFACE In the compilation of Volume JI, the purpose is the same as before in Voiumc 1, - to preserve for l:-listory's sake ct:rt,•.in Ligon family records of current interest, brought to Jig-ht through intensive research since the publication of the iirst edition on December 18, 1947. The hopes and aspirations emphasized in the conception :rnd fulfillment of Volume I appear more real and pressing- in these days of \Vorld chaos and threats of war: and the true ideals of home, country and peace pro­ claim with startling and amazing clearness that it is good to love one's native soil, and to cherish the traditions which give character to a family; and that nan is master of himself! Of necessity, this Volume must be limited in space, leaving much to the future historian. It is significant in pointing out that of some early Ligon kinsmen, whose family records are herein included, either no present day descendants appear to exist, or none could be discovered with whom to establish immediate communication.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ALUMNI GAZETTE C0ne Gouetje Or^Wiluam Amjdmif M ^Wifnla
    8.fc3feiMe3WM«Mfcifci&=g=i£=a=£3£=^^ B.ciC=riS=l£SS=£=£SMfc3feSfcS£3M£3£S£3» WILLIAMSBURG THE WELCOMES WILLIAMSBURG Returning Alumni of THEATRE THE COLLEGE OF SHOWS 4:00—7:00—9:00 DAILY, WILLIAM AND MARY INCLUDING SUNDAY THE ENTERTAINMENT CENTER OF WILLIAMSBURG Compliments of The Williamsburg Chamber of Commerce ENJOY THE BEST IN MOTION PICTURES. THEY ALL PLAY HERE! ALUMNI ALWAYS Ike WELCOME WILLIAMSBURG RESTAURANT * On The College Corner under the WILLIAMSBURG LODGE management of STEVE SACALIS CHOWNING'S TAVERN <fr For dignified service of the foods for which Williamsburg has long been OPERATED BY famous WILLIAMSBURG RESTORATION, INC. 835=0=5J=S=8^3=3H5=5J=33=»=^^ J;»55««ttMra«»5=S=«HS«£55=^ THE ALUMNI GAZETTE C0ne Gouetje or^Wiluam amJdmif m ^Wifnla VOLUME X MARCH, 1943 No. 3 THE QUARTER-MILLENNIUM EXERCISES Pomfret Installed As 21 st President In simple ceremonies, considerably curtailed as the to the mother country, while a voice from Virginia's result of the war, the College of William and Mary on colonial capital would have sent greetings from the col- February 8th observed charter day with exercises mark- lege to the British capital whose monarchs King Wil- ing the completion of 250 years of service to Virginia liam and Queen Mary founded their college in Vir- and the nation. On the occasion of its quarter-millen- ginia by granting a charter to Commissary James Blair nium observance, the college installed as its twenty-first on February 8, 1693. president, Dr. John Edwin Pomfret, and invested as its Other events were to have taken place, not only on fourth American chancellor, former president John charter day, but throughout 1942-43, to celebrate that Stewart Bryan.
    [Show full text]
  • James Madison's Formative Experiences with Religious Establishments I. Aw
    “PRIDE IGNORANCE AND KNAVERY”: JAMES MADISON’S FORMATIVE EXPERIENCES WITH RELIGIOUS ESTABLISHMENTS ANDY G. OLREE* I. A WEAKENING ANGLICAN HEGEMONY..............217 A. The Separate Baptists in Virginia ................218 B. Separate Baptist Activity near Madison’s Home ...........................................220 C. Persecution of Separate Baptists..................224 II. THE EDUCATION OF JAMES MADISON .................229 A. Boarding School, Tutoring, and College.....................................................229 B. Philosophy and Correspondence at Montpelier..................................................236 III. A NEW WAVE OF PERSECUTIONS.........................240 IV. THE COMING REVOLUTION ..................................252 A. Dissenting Outcries on the Eve of War ......252 B. Religious Opposition During the War .......260 V. THE VIRGINIA CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1776...........................................267 CONCLUSION................................................................275 For those who think and write about the meaning of the First Amendment’s Religion Clauses, Founding‐era history contin‐ ues to exercise a powerful pull. Each year, legal scholars pro‐ duce a new crop of books and articles examining church‐state relations in America from the colonial period through the early nineteenth century, hoping to shed more light on the constitu‐ * Professor of Law, Faulkner University Jones School of Law; J.D., University of Chicago. I would like to thank Ralph Ketcham, Christopher Lund, and R. Laur‐ ence
    [Show full text]
  • Immigrant Printers and the Creation of Information Networks in Revolutionary America Joseph M. Adelman Program in Early American
    1 Immigrant Printers and the Creation of Information Networks in Revolutionary America Joseph M. Adelman Program in Early American Economy and Society The Library Company of Philadelphia A Paper Submitted to ―Ireland, America, and the Worlds of Mathew Carey‖ Co-Sponsored by: The McNeil Center for Early American Studies The Program in Early American Economy and Society The Library Company of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Libraries Philadelphia, PA October 27-29, 2011 *Please do not cite without permission of the author 2 This paper is a first attempt to describe the collective experience of those printers who immigrated to North America during the Revolutionary era, defined here as the period between 1756 and 1796. It suggests these printers integrated themselves into the colonial part of an imperial communications structure and then into a new national communications structure in order to achieve business success. Historians have amply demonstrated that the eighteenth century Atlantic economy relied heavily on the social and cultural capital that people amassed through their connections and networks.1 This reliance was even stronger in the printing trade because the trade depended on the circulation of news, information, and ideas to provide the raw material for its products. In order to be successful, one had to cultivate other printers, ship captains, leading commercial men, and far-flung correspondents as sources of news and literary production. Immigrants by and large started at a slight disadvantage to their native-born competitors because they for the most part lacked these connections in a North American context. On the other hand, some immigrant printers had an enormous advantage in the credit and networks they had developed in Europe, and which they parlayed into commercial and political success once they landed in North America.
    [Show full text]
  • Toleration and Reform: Virginia's Anglican Clergy, 1770-1776
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2009 Toleration and Reform: Virginia's Anglican Clergy, 1770-1776 Stephen M. Volpe College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the History of Religion Commons, Other Religion Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Volpe, Stephen M., "Toleration and Reform: Virginia's Anglican Clergy, 1770-1776" (2009). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626590. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-4yj8-rx68 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Toleration and Reform: Virginia’s Anglican Clergy, 1770-1776 Stephen M. Volpe Pensacola, Florida Bachelor of Arts, University of West Florida, 2004 A Thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History The College of William and Mary August, 2009 APPROVAL PAGE This Thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts t / r ^ a — Stephen M. Volpe Approved by the Committee, July, 2009 Committee Chair Dr. Christopher Grasso, Associate Professor of History Lyon Gardiner Tyler Department of History The College of William and Mary ___________H h r f M ________________________ Dr. Jam es Axtell, Professor Emeritus of History Lyon Gardiner Tyler Department of History The College of William and Mary X ^ —_________ Dr.
    [Show full text]