BEDFORD INSTITUTE of OCEANOGRAPHY 2003 Change of Address Notices, Requests for Copies, and Other Correspondence Regarding This Publication Should Be Sent To
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BEDFORD INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY 2003 Change of address notices, requests for copies, and other correspondence regarding this publication should be sent to: The Editor, BIO 2003 in Review Bedford Institute of Oceanography P.O. Box 1006 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia Canada B2Y 4A2 E-mail address: [email protected] Cover painting of the Bedford Institute of Oceanography: copyright of the painter, Anne Duggan, reproduced courtesy of Ms. Duggan and the Bedford Institute of Oceanography Anne Duggan is an award-winning water-colourist who lives in Sackville, Nova Scotia. Anne has multiple sclerosis and from her wheelchair expresses her feelings through painting. Her soft, fluid pastels create a sense of calm and contentment, while vibrant splashes of colour convey energy and excitement. Her greatest triumphs come when her paintings evoke special feelings. Many of her commissioned watercolours hang as memorials in Maritime hospitals, while her work is owned also by corporate and academic institutions and individual collectors from around the world. Notable amongst her published work is Grand Pré Rose Garden, which graces the first cover in the Remember When book series. Active in the art world, Anne is a leader in several local associations, frequently teaches and leads workshops, and exhibits at regional galleries. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2004-06-08 Cat. No. Fs75-104/2003E ISBN: 0-662-35362-5 ISSN: 1499-9951 Aussi disponible en français Editors: Dianne Geddes and Judith Ryan Editorial team: Pat Dennis, Karen Rutherford, and Bob St-Laurent Design: Channel Communications, Halifax, Nova Scotia Photographs: BIO Technographics, the authors, and individuals/agencies credited Published by: Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Natural Resources Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1 Challenger Drive P.O. Box 1006 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia Canada B2Y 4A2 BIO website address: www.bio.gc.ca Introduction The Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) is a major oceanographic research facility, established in 1962 by the Government of Canada and located on the shores of the Bedford Basin in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. Over the last four decades it has grown to become Canada’s largest centre for ocean research. Scientists at BIO perform targeted research, mandated by the Canadian government, to provide advice and support to government decision- making on a broad range of ocean issues including sovereignty, defence, environmental protection, health and safety, fisheries, and natural resources. They also undertake environmental planning and oceans management. Fisheries and Oceans Canada is represented by five divisions within its Science Branch, the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS), two divisions of the Oceans and Environment Branch, the Aquaculture Coordination Office, and by the Canadian Coast Guard for technical and vessel support. Together they provide scientific knowledge and advice on issues related to climate, oceans, the environment, marine and diadromous fish, marine mammals, shellfish, and marine plants. As well, they carry out oceans and environmental manage- ment and planning. Natural Resources Canada is represented by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) -Atlantic, Canada’s principal marine geoscience facility. Its scientific research expertise focuses on marine and petroleum geology, geophysics, geochemisty, and geotechnology. GSC Atlantic is also the source of integrated knowledge and advice on Canada’s coastal and offshore landmass. National Defence Canada (DND’s) Route Survey Office of Maritime Forces Atlantic, located at BIO, supports ocean surveillance activities. Surveys are conducted in areas of the sea floor of specific interest to DND, in coop- eration with CHS and GSC Atlantic. In support of the Canadian Shellfish Sanitation Program, the Shellfish Section of Environment Canada conducts sanitary and water quality surveys and analyzes the samples at the microbiology laboratory at BIO. Altogether, approximately 650 scientists, engineers, technicians, managers, support staff, contractors, and others from a variety of disciplines, work at BIO. This review highlights some of the ongoing research activities at the Institute as well as some of the activities dealing with the management of the oceans. Jacob Verhoef Michael Sinclair Faith Scattolon Director, Geological Survey of Canada-Atlantic Director, BIO and Regional Director, Science Regional Director Natural Resources Canada Fisheries and Oceans Canada Oceans and Environment Fisheries and Oceans Canada BIO-2003 IN REVIEW / 1 Contents RETROSPECTIVE 2003 . 4 SCIENCE ACTIVITIES Atlantic Seal Research Program: Grey Seal Predation in Continental Shelf Ecosystems . 16 – Don Bowen and Jim McMillan Live Gene Banking of Endangered Populations of inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic Salmon . 18 – Patrick O'Reilly Marine Plants Research: 17 Diverse Needs in the 21st Century . 20 – Glyn Sharp and Bob Semple BIO Research on Deep-Water Corals in Atlantic Canada . 22 – Pål B. Mortensen, Lene Buhl-Mortensen, Susan E. Gass, Donald C. Gordon Jr., BIO SCIENCE IN PARTNERSHIP Ellen L.R. Kenchington, Cynthia Bourbonnais, and Kevin G. MacIsaac State of the Ecosystem Report for the Eastern Scotian Shelf . 34 – Kenneth Frank, Ken Drinkwater, Glen Harrison, Brian Petrie, Phil Yeats, Alida Bundy, Contaminated Harbours . 24 Heather Breeze, Scott Coffen-Smout, Kirsten Querbach, Robert O’Boyle, and Jae Choi – Phil Yeats and Kenneth Lee A River Worth Saving: The Installation of a Bottom Working Together to Identify and Protect Draw Siphon on the St. Francis Harbour River . 37 Maritime Coastal Habitats for Future Generations . 26 – Bob MacDonald with Darren Hiltz – Dave Duggan Validation of Sea-Ice Properties in Satellite Imager . 38 Nature’s Silly Putty: 200 Million Years of Salt Deformation and – Ingrid Peterson, Simon Prinsenberg, Scott Holladay, and Louis Lalumiere Sediment Deposition . 27 – John Shimeld Coastal Remote Sensing Applications in Canada’s Western Arctic . 40 North Atlantic Circulation Modelling . 30 – Gavin Manson, Steve Solomon, Donald Forbes, Joost van der Sanden, – Dan Wright, Youyu Lu, Igor Yashayaev, Alain Vezina, and Svetlana Losa and Costas Armenakis Novel Technology for Profiling near the Surface Canada and USA Fishermen Collaborate under Arctic Ice: The Icycler . 32 on Lobster Recruitment Research . 42 – George Fowler – Patty King, Patrice Farrey, Carl MacDonald, and Shannon Scott-Tibbetts Assessing Potential Impacts of Seismic Activity on Northern Bottlenose Whales in the proposed Gully Marine Protected Area . 44 – Kenneth Lee and Rosalie Allen Jarvis Onshore Geoscience in Nova Scotia: The Targeted Geoscience Initiative in Southwestern Cape Breton Island . 46 – Peter Giles Offshore Oil and Gas Environmental Effects Monitoring Workshop: Approaches and Technologies . 48 – Shelley Armsworthy, Peter Cranford, Kenneth Lee, and Rosalie Allen Jarvis 22 2 / BIO-2003 IN REVIEW 41 SUPPORT HIGHLIGHTS Research Voyages in 2003 . 49 – Donald Belliveau CCGS Matthew Sails into the 21st Century . 50 – Michael Lamplugh Remaking the Major Facilities at BIO . 52 – Mark Chin-Yee 49 SPECIAL PROGRAMS The Partnership for Observations of the Global Oceans . 53 – Shubha Sathyendranth 39 The BIO Hypatia Project Influences National Initiatives . 54 – Sherry Niven FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES BIO: WITHIN OUR COMMUNITIES Financial Information . 62 BIO Outreach 2003 . 56 – Joni Henderson and Jennifer Bates People at BIO in 2003 . 64 Community Assistance in 2003 . 59 – Andrew Stewart and Maureen MacDonald PUBLICATIONS AND PRODUCTS Publications 2003 . 72 The BIO-Oceans Association: Actions and Accomplishments in 2003 . 60 Products 2003 . 89 – David Nettleship 20 BIO-2003 IN REVIEW / 3 Retrospective 2003 On September 29, Hurricane Juan made a direct and brutal hit on HIGHLIGHTS AND NEW INITIATIVES the Halifax Regional Municipality, then proceeded to cut a swath of In November, Canada became the 144th country to ratify the United destruction north through Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). UNCLOS Damage caused by the high winds and uprooted trees created havoc provides the framework for international oceans law, governing many in transportation and electrical power transmission. Fortunately, aspects of oceans affairs including fisheries, navigation, marine pollu- injury to the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) campus was tion, and scientific research. Ratification allows Canada to enjoy the minor, but the facility was closed for six working days due to a benefits of UNCLOS, including acquisition of the means to delimit downed power pole. the outer edge of its continental shelf. Canada will also gain a voice The emergency brought out the best in BIO staff. During the diffi- in UNCLOS institutions, such as the International Seabed cult post-hurricane period, the Route Survey Office (the small Authority, and will be able to participate in decisions of importance National Defence contingent) worked on the clean-up of the to Canada. NRCan and DFO will have important roles to play in grounds. The Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Technology furthering Canada’s UNCLOS participation. Services Division did an excellent job sustaining their informatics The proposed regulations and accompanying Regulatory Impact system. Commissionaires and Public Works and Government Analysis Statement (RIAS) to designate The Gully a Marine Services Canada employees calmly and competently maintained the Protected Area (MPA) under the Oceans Act were published in buildings