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A Report on the Atlantic Groundfish Vessel Dislocation Adjustment

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A Report on the Atlantic Groundfish Vessel Dislocation Adjustment 5ijee, e4e1tce4 bliotheque DFO j lbrary I IIIIIIIII''IIIII!''I^^,V^Illii!I^IIIII 1203383R Sde to te Vettit In addition to the Miscellaneous Special Publication series, the Fisheries and Marine Service. Department of Fisheries and the Environment publishes the fouinai of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada in annual volumes of monthly issues and a Bulletin series. These publications are for sale by Supply and Services Canada. Printing and Publishing. Ottawa KIA OS9. Remittances must be in advance, payable in Canadian funds to the order of the Receiver General for Canada. Editor and Director of Scientific J. C. STEVENSON, PH.D. Information Deprrt-v Editor J. WATSON, PH.D. JOHANNA M. REINHART, Ni.sC. Assistcrrrt Editors D. G. COOK, PH.D. J. CAMP Pr•ochrction-Docmncrrtatiora G. J. NEVILLE MONA SM ITH MICKEY LEWIS Department of Fisheries and the Environment Fisheries and Marine Service Scientific Information and Publications Branch Ottawa, Canada KIA OE6 MISCELLANEOUS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 35 (La version française est en préparation) See to de Veld A report on the Atlantic Groundfrh Vessel Dislocation Adjustment Program in the Maritime Provinces 1976 Prepared by KINGSLEY BROWN SR. 1 St. Francis Xavier University Antigonish, N.S. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT FISHERIES AND MARINE SERVICE Ottawa 1977 lUnder contract to the Technology Branch, Fisheries and Marine Service, Department of Fisheries and the Environment, Halifax, N.S. © Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1977 Available by mail from: Printing and Publishing Supply and Services Canada Ottawa, Canada KlA 0S9 or through your bookseller A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across Canada Catalog No. Fs 4-31/35 Canada: $2.00 ISBN 0-660-01119-0 Other countries: $2.40 Price subject to change without notice Ottawa Printed in Canada by Imprimerie Simon Limitée IIKT. KF 801-7-0382 Contents Vi ATLANTIC OROUNDFISH VESSEL DISLOCATION ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM - STEERING COMMITTEE Vii FOREWORD ABSTRACT ix RÉSUMÉ 1 INTRODUCTION 5 EXPLORATORY VOYAGES 11 GRENADIER FISHERY 12 FLEET OPERATIONS 13 FISHERIES MANAGEMENT 14 CREW CONSIDERATIONS 15 COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION 17 TECHNOLOGY 17 WEATHER 18 BIOLOGICAL 19 OPERATION COSTS 19 EAST GREENLAND VOYAGES V Atlantic Groundfish Vessel Dislocation Adjustment Program Steering Committee Dr E. Graham Bligh, Chairman Director, Technology Branch, Fisheries & Marine Service, Halifax, N.S. Mr Peter Bangay National Sea Products Ltd., Halifax, N.S. Mr Marvin Barnes Chief, Industrial Development Division, Fisheries & Marine Service, St. John's, Nfld. Mr Kingsley Brown, Sr. St. Francis Xavier University, Amigonish, N.S. Dr Ralph Halliday Chief, Marine Fish Division, Resource Branch, Fisheries & Marine Service, Dartmouth, N.S. Mr Frank King Regional Project Coordinator, Technology Branch, Fisheries & Marine Service, Halifax, N.S. Mr Peter Matthews H. B. Nickerson & Sons Ltd., North Sydney, N.S. Mr Alan McIver Scientific Program Coordinator, Technology Branch, Fisheries & Marine Service, Halifax, N.S. Mr Jack Rycroft Industrial Development Division, Technology Branch, Fisheries &Marine Service, Halifax, N.S. • Mr Roger Sterling Nova Scotia Fish Packers Association, Dartmouth, N.S. vi Foreword This report briefly describes voyages by Canadian Maritime trawlers operating under the 1976 Atlantic Groundfish Vessel Dislocation Adjustment Program. The author was engaged by the Technology Branch, Fisheries and Marine Service, Department of Fish- eries and the Environment, to monitor the exploratory voyages and to provide an objective report from the standpoint of an independent observer. The narrative contains some philosophical discussions on diverse topics such as Management, Technology, and Communications. The author makes recommendations based on personal observations and expresses his own views, though they may not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Fisheries and the Environment. The report clearly indicates there is potential in a "Shift to the North" but a number of problems require resolution through cooperative efforts between the fishing industry and governments. E. GRAHAM BLIGH, Director Technology Branch Halifax, N.S. vii Abstract BROWN, K. SR. 1977. Shift to the north. Fish. Mar. Serv. Misc. Spec. Publ. 35: 23 p. In response to Canada's decision to extend its fisheries jurisdiction to 200 miles in January 1977 and the marked decline in catches on traditional fishing grounds, 20 exploratory voyages totaling 304 sea days, (283 in waters north of 55°20'N) were financially assisted by the Maritimes Region of Fisheries and Marine Service, Department of Fisheries and the Environment. Major catches in the more northe rn regions were redfish, turbot, and grenadier caught mainly by an Engels bottom trawl at 250-300 fathoms. Stocks of grenadiers were considered to be sufficient to support a commercial fishery but unavoidable large by-catches of redfish were a major concern. Damage to the trawl was frequent due to rough terrain and inexperience in fishing this region. Midwater trawling in the same area was unproductive. Recruitment of crews for vessels is a potential problem because of long trips (up to 21 days) and severe working conditions. Communications and navigation aids such as Loran and Decca are poor in northern areas and solutions to minimize these problems are offered. The weather during the exploratory period was surprisingly moderate although freezing caused some problems. Two Georges Bank trips for argentine were unfruitful probably due to movement of reported stocks from this bank. Six exploratory voyages to unfamiliar waters east of Greenland landed significant catches of redfish and indicated a potential fishery for Canadian vessels, par- ticularly from Newfoundland. VIII Résumé BROWN, K. SR. 1977. Shift to the North. Fish. Mar. Serv. Misc. Spec. Publ. 35: 23 p. À la suite de l'extension de la juridiction des pêches canadiennes à 200 milles en janvier 1977 et du déclin prononcé des prises sur les lieux de pêche traditionnels, le Service des pêches et de la mer, région des Maritimes, ministère des Pêches et de l'Environnement, a contribué financièrement à 20 campagnes de pêche d'exploration, totalisant 304 jours en mer (dont 283 jours dans les eaux situées au nord du 55°20'). Dans les régions les plus septentrionales, les prises étaient composées surtout de sébastes, de flétans du Groenland et de grenadiers capturés en grande partie au chalut de fond Engels par 250-300 brasses. Les fonds accidentés et l'inex- périence de la région ont été la cause de fréquentes déchirures du chalut. Le chalutage entre deux eaux dans cette région fut peu productif. On croit que les stocks de grenadiers pourraient alimenter une pêche commerciale. On n'a pu éviter de fortes prises de sébastes et ceci pose des problèmes. Un autre problème pourrait être de trouver des équipages pour les navires, vu la longueur des campagnes (jusqu'à 21 jours) et les conditions de travail difficiles. Les communications, de même que les aides de navigation tels le Loran et le Decca, sont pauvres dans les régions septentrionales et l'on suggère des façons de minimiser ces problèmes. Durant la période d'exploration, le temps a été plus modéré qu'on aurait pu s'y attendre, bien que des températures au-dessous du point de congélation aient causé certaines difficultés. Deux voyages effectués sur le banc Georges en vue de pêcher des argentines ont été infruc- tueux, probablement parce que les stocks déjà signalés avaient quitté ce banc au moment de ces campagnes. Six campagnes d'exploration dans des eaux étrangères à l'est du Groenland donnèrent des prises importantes de sébastes et indiquèrent la possibilité d'une pêche pour les navires cana- diens, en particulier ceux de Terre-Neuve. ix c ,. \ N .... 2G \ \ ..,,, ■■■4, \ • 211 "N. ..„. ... \ N., ICNAF Bottndary and Quota Map 2J Labrador i 3K 4S 4R Newfound'arid / ''',...., ■ — 4T ---- 1, 'L I I \ 1 \ iI 1 i . L----' woe \ I r \ . 30 5Y rr . ‘' 3N \ 4X 4W ' , 4Vs r i \\ t I 5Ze I 6A i I i I r's \ Quotas apply to these Divisions of the ICNAF Convention Area. 1 Introduction There was general agreement that the restrictive ICNAF quotas, linked with the discipline of the 200-mile By the closing months of 1975 it had become clear limit, were essential if the diminished groundfish stocks to those engaged corrimercially in the Canadian Atlantic were to be replenished through natural population fishing industry, as well as to Fisheries and Marine growth over the next 5-10 years. Few doubted that, Service of the federal Department of the Environment, with strict and intelligent management, the once enor- that the Atlantic deep-sea fishery was headed for rough mous resource of the Canadian fishing banks would be weather. The storm signals were flying. During the restored. But the remedy would be costly and painful. It immediately preceding years there had been a marked appears to condemn an historic industry, which em- decline in catches of almost all groundfish species in ploys many thousands of Canadians both ashore and most traditional fishing grounds of the Atlantic con- afloat, to a period of uncertain and discouraging returns. tinental shelf. The crisis was grave, and it was soon obvious that On the reasonable premise that depletion of stocks only government intervention on a significant scale, in was the result of increasingly intensive fishing by both cooperation with the private sector, could save this vital Canadian and foreign fleets over the past quarter cen- Canadian industry. tury, the International Commission for the Northwest Under these circumstances, and in accord with the Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF) had instituted severe restric- provisions of Section 3 of the Fisheries Development tions on catch, and imposed on the participating coun- Act, early in 1976 Fisheries and Marine Service con- tries a system of quotas to limit catches of all species. sulted representatives of the principal deep-sea fishing (See Table 1 for some 1976-77 statistics.) enterprises on the Atlantic coast.
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