DOCSLIB.ORG

Pinsapo Forests: Past, Present and Future

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

BOIS ET FORÊTS DES TROPIQUES, 2007, N° 292 (2) DIVERSITÉ BIOLOGIQUE 39 FORÊTS DE PINSAPOS L. García Esteban P. de Palacios Pinsapo forests: Cátedra de Tecnología de la Madera Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal past, present Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes and future Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, s/n 28040 Madrid Spain The Iberian and Rifian pinsapo forests are now stable, thanks to the work of the various conservation organisations for protected natural areas and the abandon of the area by rural inhabitants, which has ended the livestock raising and logging to which these forests were subjected for many years. However, their continued survival is threatened by forest fires and climate change. Sierra de Ronda (Málaga) pinsapo forest. Photo L. García Esteban and P. de Palacios. BOIS ET FORÊTS DES TROPIQUES, 2007, N° 292 (2) 40 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY PINSAPO FORESTS L. García Esteban, P. de Palacios RÉSUMÉ ABSTRACT RESUMEN FORÊTS DE PINSAPOS : PASSÉ, PINSAPO FORESTS: PAST, PINSAPARES: PASADO, PRESENTE PRÉSENT ET FUTUR PRESENT AND FUTURE Y FUTURO Vu le caractère unique de la décou- In view of the unique nature of the Por la singularidad del descubri- verte, ce travail relate les trois expé- discovery, this article provides an miento, en este trabajo se relatan las ditions botaniques dans les enclaves account of the three botanical expe- tres expediciones botánicas que se naturelles d’Abies pinsapo Boiss. La ditions made to the natural enclaves realizaron a los enclaves naturales de première fut entreprise en 1837 par of Abies pinsapo Boiss., first by the Abies pinsapo Boiss.: en 1837 por el le botaniste suisse Edmond Boissier, Swiss botanist Edmond Boissier in botánico Edmond Boissier, en 1928 la deuxième en 1928 par les ingé- 1837, then by the Spanish forestry por los Ingenieros de Montes Luis nieurs forestiers Luis Ceballos engineers Luis Ceballos Fernández de Ceballos Fernández de Córdoba y Fernández de Córdoba et Manuel Córdoba and Manuel Martín Bolaños Manuel Martín Bolaños y, en 1946, Martín Bolaños, et la troisième en in 1928, and later by another Span- por el también Ingeniero de Montes, 1946 par un autre ingénieur forestier, ish forestry engineer, Santiago Santiago Sánchez Cózar. Estas dos Santiago Sánchez Cózar. Ces deux Sánchez Cózar, in 1946. The two later últimas expediciones se realizaron dernières expéditions ont été expeditions were to the Moroccan Rif, en el Rif marroquí, en los montes conduites dans le Rif marocain, res- to Mount Mago and Mount Tazaout Magó y Tazaout respectivamente, y pectivement aux monts Mago et respectively, and it was these expedi- permitieron ubicar a los abetos rife- Tazaout, et ont permis d’identifier les tions that enabled the Rifian firs to be ños como variedades del pinsapo sapins rifiens comme étant une identified as varieties of the Andalu- andaluz. Actualmente los pinsapares variété du sapin d’Andalousie. sian pinsapo fir. The Iberian and ibéricos y rifeños se encuentran esta- Actuellement, les forêts de pinsapos Rifian pinsapo forests are now sta- bilizados gracias a las respectivas ibériques et du Rif sont stabilisées ble, thanks to the work of the various figuras de protección de espacios grâce au travail respectif des orga- conservation organisations for pro- naturales protegidos y al éxodo por nismes de conservation des espaces tected natural areas and the aban- parte de la población rural, que ha naturels protégés et à l’exode de la don of the area by the rural inhabi- conducido al abandono de las activi- population rurale. Cela a contribué à tants, which has ended the livestock dades ganaderas y madereras que l’abandon de l’élevage et de l’exploi- raising and logging to which these durante años soportaron estos bos- tation forestière qui ont caractérisé forests were subjected for many ques. No obstante, los incendios y el ces sites pendant des années. En years. However, forest fires and cli- cambio climático amenazan su per- revanche, les incendies et les chan- mate change represent a threat to manencia. gements climatiques menacent their continued survival. désormais la survie de ces forêts. Palabras clave: Abies pinsapo, Keywords: Abies pinsapo, A. maro- A. marocana, A. tazaotana, A. numi- Mots-clés : Abies pinsapo, A. maro- cana, A. tazaotana, A. numidica. dica. cana, A. tazaotana, A. numidica. BOIS ET FORÊTS DES TROPIQUES, 2007, N° 292 (2) DIVERSITÉ BIOLOGIQUE 41 FORÊTS DE PINSAPOS Introduction Abies pinsapo Boissier is the westernmost fir in the entire Mediterranean Arc, and along with the other Mediterranean firs it is cur- rently a good indicator of the poten- tial influence of climate change on the region’s vegetation. Climate fluctuations in the Quaternary caused these firs to take refuge in shady areas at medium alti- tudes with very high average rainfall. Terpene analyses of Mediter- Sierra de Grazalema (Cádiz) pinsapo forest. ranean firs seem to indicate that they Photo L. García Esteban and P. de Palacios. all came from a common ancestor in the Aegean area, quite similar to those found today, which would later Nitzelis (1969) in Farjon One of the singular features of have split into two large groups: the (1990), considers A. nebrodensis to the Chefchaouen massif is that in Pontic fir of Asia Minor, and the be a subspecies of A. alba, while some of its forests, such as Buhal-la, Balkan Peninsula fir. At the end of the Vicario et al. (1995), using genetic Desas and Lexchab, all exposed to Tertiary, these species would have analyses based on allozyme, chloro- the south, the firs show features sim- been distinct and ready to evolve and plast DNA and RAPD markers, have ilar to those of A. pinsapo var. maro- migrate under the influence of the concluded that the populations of cana, while those in forests exposed Quaternary climate fluctuations men- A. alba and A. nebrodensis provide to the north have more in common tioned previously. clear evidence for a classification into with A. pinsapo var. tazaotana. Terpene analyses of the eastern two taxonomically different groups. The fragmentation of the Abies populations of A. alba (in Romania Some researchers maintain that pinsapo range into isolated popula- and the Rhodope Mountains) and the populations of A. pinsapo, A. pin- tions must have caused reproductive A. bornmuelleriana have shown more sapo var. marocana and A. numidica isolation between them due to the similarity between these two species may even have formed a single limited pollen dispersal of the pin- than between A. alba and A. cepha- species before the final separation of sapo fir (Arista, Talavera, 1994). lonica, which would indicate that the the Iberian Peninsula from the north This could have triggered the specia- ancestral Pontic fir contributed to the of Africa at the end of the Tertiary Age tion of these populations and their individualisation of A. alba and its (Sánchez, 1946; Bocquet et al., subsequent morphological differenti- ability to colonise Central and 1978; Jeanmonod, Bocquet, 1981; ation (Arista, Talavera, 1995). Western Europe (García, 1993; Blanca, 1993). This single species or Although A. pinsapo var. taza- Scaltsoyiannes et al., 1999). This relict fir, from which A. silicica proba- otana is geographically much closer theory coincides with the Pliocene bly derived as well (Flous, 1936), to A. pinsapo var. marocana, it is, remains of Abies alba found in evolved into A. pinsapo, A. pinsapo curiously, botanically closer to A. Western Europe (Gaussen, 1964; var. tazaotana, A. pinsapo var. maro- numidica. This circumstance shows Liu, 1971). cana and A. numidica. Of all of these, that, within certain limits, geographi- On the basis of the Abies fossils var. tazaotana shows the greatest veg- cal location did not influence the found and the antiquity of the mor- etative vigour, and is perhaps the only morphological speciation of the phological features of this species, one located in its ecological maxi- Moroccan firs (Sánchez, 1946). the entry of the genus into the Iberian mum. In view of this, it can be The genetic divergence between Peninsula is determined as having assumed that after A. pinsapo became the populations of Abies pinsapo and occurred through the Pyrenees (Liu, established in Mount Tazaout in the var. marocana and the possible exis- 1971; Parducci, 2000), continuing north of Africa, it reached its climax tence of varieties of A. pinsapo have through the Thetic bridges from the due to the ecological conditions of the been demonstrated through a study southeast of France → Majorca → area. In other places, less demanding on the inheritance of isoenzymatic Granada → Sierra de Ronda → Sierra species such as Cedrus atlantica Man. variations in their seed tissue de Grazalema → Sierra Bermeja, and have displaced the fir forests, by thin- (Pascual et al., 1993). as far as the Moroccan mountain ning the existing forests or even caus- regions of Tazaout and Talassemtane ing them to disappear from many and the Babor Mountains in Algeria. areas where they must have existed. BOIS ET FORÊTS DES TROPIQUES, 2007, N° 292 (2) 42 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY PINSAPO FORESTS Talassemtane pinsapo forest. Photo L. García Esteban and P. de Palacios. Geographical present it covers about 40 ha and is from 200 ha in 1933 to 500 ha in regression because of major forest today. Groves and isolated stands distribution fires in the area which have divided it are also found in the western part of into three groves. Monte Prieto, the slopes of El Abies pinsapo Boiss. is located Sierra de las Nieves is home to Montón and on the northern slopes in the high mountain ranges of the the most extensive area of pinsapo of Zafalgar and Los Pinos (Ceballos, western part of the Bética range in firs in the province, with over 3000 ha Martín, 1930; Ceballos, Ruiz De the south of the Iberian Peninsula, spread over the municipalities of La Torre, 1979).
Recommended publications
  • ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition

    ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition

    ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................
  • Hajar Lamrhari, Mariem Ben-Said, Zineb Jalal, Taoufik Aadel, Hassan

    Hajar Lamrhari, Mariem Ben-Said, Zineb Jalal, Taoufik Aadel, Hassan

    European Scientific Journal, ESJ ISSN: 1857-7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857-7431 November 2020 edition Vol.16, No.33 Needles in Talassemtane National Park, North-Western Rif Region, Morocco ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences Abstract Moroccan fir, Abies maroccana Trab. Hajar Lamrhari, forms a unique forest community in the Applied Botany Laboratory, Department of Mediterranean basin and has a great Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Abdel ecological and biological values in Malek Essaadi, Tetouan-Morocco Moroccan Rif Mountains. However, Mariem Ben-Said, morphological and anatomical characters Applied Biology and Pathology Laboratory, of the needles are poorly investigated for Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, A. maroccana. This research examined the University of Abdel Malek Essaadi, Tetouan- Morocco morphological and anatomical characters Zineb Jalal, of Moroccan fir needles in order to Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental determine the phenotypic needles traits of Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty Abies maroccana. The study was carried of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, University of Sidi out in the National Park of Talassemtane, Mohamed Ben Abdellah,.Atlas, Fez – Western Rif, Morocco. Data was collected Morocco from two-year-old needles in six stands. In Taoufik Aadel, each site, seven trees were selected, and 60 Bureau of Forest Health, Forest Climate Risk Management Center. Department of Water and needles were collected from each tree. Forests. Agdal. Rabat Five morphological and one anatomical Hassan Bouziane, characters of the needles were examined. Applied Botany Laboratory, Department of The variance analysis (ANOVA) of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Abdel quantitative needles variables revealed Malek Essaadi, Tetouan-Morocco significant inter-tree morphological variability of needles of A.
  • Genetics and Evolution of the Mediterranean Abies Species

    Genetics and Evolution of the Mediterranean Abies Species

    Acta Universitatis Agriculturae sueciae SlLVESTRIA 148 > z SLU Genetics and Evolution of the Mediterranean Abies Species Laura Parducci Genetics and Evolution of the Mediterranean Abies species Laura Parducci Akademiska avhandling som för vinnande av filosofie doktorsexamen kommer att offentlig försvaras i hörsal Björken, SLU, fredagen den 8 september 2000, kl. 10.00. Abstract This thesis summarizes and discusses results o f five separate studies in which molecular techniques have been used to study the genetic variability and evolution o f the Abies taxa occurring in the Mediterranean region. In particular, the investigation focused on the rare speciesAbies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei, endemic to the island of Sicily, and the three neighbouring speciesA. alba (Mill.), A. cephalonica (Laud.) and A. numidica (De Lann.). The main aim o f the studies was to determine the amount and distribution of the genetic variability within and among Mediterranean taxa ofAbies, at both the nuclear and chloroplast levels, in order to elucidate their origin and evolution and to shed light on the taxonomic position o f A. nebrodensis. In studies I, II and V allozyme markers were used to provide information on the level and distribution o f genetic variation among and within natural populations ofA. alba, A. cephalonica, A. nebrodensis and A. numidica and to estimate the outcrossing rate within A. alba. In studies III and IV, DNA markers from the chloroplast genome were developed and employed at the intra- and inter-specific levels to estimate the degree of cpDNA variation in the genus and to derive inferences concerning species relationships. Two different approaches were used: the first involved a comparative restriction-site analysis of ten different amplified chloroplast DNA fragments and the second involved the analysis o f six chloroplast hypervariable repetitive simple-sequence repeats (cpSSRs or microsatellites).
  • Evaluating Mediterranean Firs for Use in Pennsylvania©

    Evaluating Mediterranean Firs for Use in Pennsylvania©

    170 Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagators’ Society, Volume 58, 2008 Evaluating Mediterranean Firs for Use in Pennsylvania© Ricky M. Bates Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 U.S.A. Email: [email protected] David L. Sanford Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus, Reading, Pennsylvania 19610 U.S.A. INTRODUCTION The true firs Abies( sp. Mill.) include over 40 tree species widely scattered throughout the northern hemisphere. Economically, firs remain underdeveloped in the U.S.A. as a landscape plant due to a general reputation for sensitivity to hot, dry, urban conditions and a lack of consistent and replicated evaluation across a broad range of environments and conditions. True firs are preferred as Christmas tree species by U.S.A. consumers due to their natural conical shape, pleasing aroma, stout branch structure, and generally excellent postharvest needle retention. Eastern U.S.A. Christmas tree growers have also been relying upon a very limited selection of fir species including Abies fraseri, A. balsamea, A. balsamea var. phanerolepis, and A. concolor. Unfortunately, all of the aforementioned native firs are extremely vulner- able to Phytophthora root rot and can be very site demanding (Frampton and Benson, 2004; Benson et al., 1998). Anecdotal evidence from garden and arboreta curators, horticulture researchers, and some non-replicated trials indicate that certain Abies species native to the Mediterranean region perform well under adverse conditions in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast U.S.A. (Gutowski and Thomas, 1962). THE MEDITERRANEAN FIRS The Mediterranean firs comprise a group of approximately 10Abies species native to countries bordering, or in close proximity to, the Mediterranean Sea (Table 1).
  • Abies Pinsapo Forests in Spain and Morocco: Threats and Conservation

    Abies Pinsapo Forests in Spain and Morocco: Threats and Conservation

    Abies pinsapo forests in Spain and Morocco: threats and conservation L.G. ESTEBAN,P.DE P ALACIOS and L. Rodr´I GUEZ-LOSADA A GUADO Abstract The conifer forests of the Mediterranean Basin inappropriate silvicultural practices continue to threaten have been subjected to overuse by humans since ancient Abies cilicica (Fontaine et al., 2007). In Lebanon 10 conifer times. Some species have survived in inaccessible refuges species are threatened to varying degrees by fragmentation but the ranges of other species have been greatly reduced and deterioration of their habitat (Talhouk et al., 2001). by the effects of clearance for agriculture, livestock raising, Elsewhere in the eastern Mediterranean Abies nordmanni- illegal felling and, in some cases, fire. The firs are no ana subsp. equi-trojani, Abies borisii-regis and some pop- exception and some now exist only as relict species. Abies ulations of Pinus heldreichii require management plans to pinsapo is an example, with the species surviving in only guarantee their survival, as do the populations of Cedrus three enclaves in southern Spain and two in northern brevifolia in Cyprus (Que´zel & Barbero, 1990). Most of the Morocco. Until the mid 20th century A. pinsapo forests conifer forests in the southern Mediterranean are threat- were subject to major anthropogenic pressures, and in ened as a result of deforestation and overgrazing (Barbero Spain they were under constant threat of overuse until they et al., 1990). In the Maghreb of Morocco there is particular were acquired by the State. Conservation efforts have now, concern for Abies numidica, Abies pinsapo var. tazaotana, however, been undertaken in both Spain and Morocco, and Pinus nigra subsp.
  • Analyses of Proposals to Amend

    Analyses of Proposals to Amend

    CoP17 Prop. 59 Inclusion of Algerian Fir Abies numidica in Appendix I Proponent: Algeria Summary: Abies numidica, the Algerian Fir, is an evergreen coniferous tree which grows to a height of 20-35m1. It is native to Algeria where it occurs only at 1800-2000m elevation on Djebel Babor, part of the Petite Kabylie Mountain Range. The total extent of forests containing the species is estimated at less than 30km2 with the fir only occupying a small portion of this. Access to the area is highly restricted because of security problems and there are no recent population estimates. A 2011 report stated that the number of trees had halved since the 1950s, although the basis of this is not known2. The area is a Nature Reserve to which entry is controlled; wardens try to prevent timber extraction, hunting and livestock grazing although these activities apparently still persist, with grazing in particular said to seriously affect plant regeneration. Fires are also reportedly a hazard2. A number of specific conservation proposals have been suggested and relevant authorities are said to be very supportive of action to protect the site, but no more recent information is available regarding its current status and management1. Algerian Fir is not exploited for timber3 but it is grown as an ornamental tree in parks and larger gardens, being valued among firs for its drought tolerance and attractive appearance4. However it is sensitive to low temperatures and to air pollution in urban environments3. It is mostly cultivated in countries around the Mediterranean Sea, where it is sometimes planted in hedges as it takes trimming well3.
  • Official Journal C

    Official Journal C

    Officia^_^ /• /* e e l-f l Journa-wr l"I ISScN 0378 19"69865 Volume 33 of the European Communities 3 A.g.« 1,* Notice No Contents page I Information II Preparatory Acts Commission 90/C 195/01 Supplementary Annexes to the proposal for a Council Directive on the protection of natural and semi-natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora 1 1 3. 8. 90 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 195/1 II (Preparatory Acts) COMMISSION Supplementary Annexes to the proposal for a Council Directive on the protection of natural and semi-natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora COM(90) 59 final (Submitted by the Commission on 14 March 1990 pursuant to the third paragraph of Article 149 of the EEC Treaty) (90/C 195/01) EXPLANATORY NOTE The proposal here presented aims to complete the Annexes of the Council's draft Directive on the protection of natural and semi-natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, adopted by the Commission on 26 July 1988 (x). (>) OJNoC247, 21. 9. 1988. No C 195/2 Official Journal of the European Communities 3. 8. 90 ANNEX I Animal and plant species whose habitats are threatened in the Community (a) ANIMALS VERTEBRATES MAMMALS Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Ovis ammon musimon (Natural populations — Corsica and INSECTIVORA Sardinia) Talpidae Capra aegagrus Galemys pyrenaicus CETACEA Soricidae Tursiops truncatus Suncus etruscus Phocoena phocoena CHIROPTERA Rhinolophidae REPTILES Rhinolophus blasii Rhinolophus euryale TESTUDINES Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Testudinidae Rhinolophus hipposideros Testudo hermanni Rhinolophus
  • Abies Pinsapo Forests in Spain and Morocco: Threats and Conservation

    Abies Pinsapo Forests in Spain and Morocco: Threats and Conservation

    Abies pinsapo forests in Spain and Morocco: threats and conservation L.G. ESTEBAN,P.DE P ALACIOS and L. Rodr´I GUEZ-LOSADA A GUADO Abstract The conifer forests of the Mediterranean Basin inappropriate silvicultural practices continue to threaten have been subjected to overuse by humans since ancient Abies cilicica (Fontaine et al., 2007). In Lebanon 10 conifer times. Some species have survived in inaccessible refuges species are threatened to varying degrees by fragmentation but the ranges of other species have been greatly reduced and deterioration of their habitat (Talhouk et al., 2001). by the effects of clearance for agriculture, livestock raising, Elsewhere in the eastern Mediterranean Abies nordmanni- illegal felling and, in some cases, fire. The firs are no ana subsp. equi-trojani, Abies borisii-regis and some pop- exception and some now exist only as relict species. Abies ulations of Pinus heldreichii require management plans to pinsapo is an example, with the species surviving in only guarantee their survival, as do the populations of Cedrus three enclaves in southern Spain and two in northern brevifolia in Cyprus (Que´zel & Barbero, 1990). Most of the Morocco. Until the mid 20th century A. pinsapo forests conifer forests in the southern Mediterranean are threat- were subject to major anthropogenic pressures, and in ened as a result of deforestation and overgrazing (Barbero Spain they were under constant threat of overuse until they et al., 1990). In the Maghreb of Morocco there is particular were acquired by the State. Conservation efforts have now, concern for Abies numidica, Abies pinsapo var. tazaotana, however, been undertaken in both Spain and Morocco, and Pinus nigra subsp.
  • Erfahrungen Mit Abies-Arten in Südwestdeutschland

    Erfahrungen Mit Abies-Arten in Südwestdeutschland

    ERFAHRUNGEN MIT ABIES-ARTEN IN SÜDWESTDEUTSCHLAND Von HUBERTUS NIMSCH Zusammenfassung In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten sind vom Autor Kulturversuche im Arboretum Günterstal, Freiburg, mit über 60 Tannen-Arten und Varietäten aus aller Welt durchgeführt worden. Hier wird in alphabetischer Folge über deren natürliche Verbreitung, die genetische und taxonomische Differenzierung sowie über die bisherigen Kultur-Erfahrungen unter südwestdeutschen Klimabedingungen berichtet. Einführung Eine intensive praktische Beschäftigung mit zahlreichen, z.T. selten kultivierten Arten der Gattung Abies (die zur Familie der Pinaceae, Unterfamilie Abietoideae, gehört) ist der Anlass diese über einen Zeitraum von mehreren Jahrzehnten gesammelten Erfahrungen in knappen Worten zusammen zu tragen. Diese Erfahrungen aus dem Arboretum Freiburg-Günterstal können und sollen nur stichwortartig dargestellt werden. Ebenso stichwortartig soll versucht werden, die jeweilige Abies-Art abrundend mit ihrem korrekten wissenschaftlichen Namen, ihren Synonyma sowie mit ihrem deutschen und englischen Namen (soweit vorhanden) und dem einheimischen Namen darzustellen. Kurz gefasst werden einige Bemerkungen zu den Themen Naturvorkommen, genetische Differenzierung, weiterführende Literatur bzw. und Ökologie gemacht. Zum Thema „Örtliche Erfahrungen“ folgen Aussagen, die sich nur auf den Bereich Freiburg und den Westabfall des Schwarzwaldes beziehen. Erfahrungen an anderen Standorten können deshalb durchaus verschieden oder widersprüchlich sein. Bewusst wird auf eine allgemeine Beschreibung der Tannenarten, auf Standort – und Klimaansprüche, auf Wachstum und Entwicklung, auf Nutzung und Pathologie u.a. verzichtet und stattdessen auf weiterführende Literatur bzw. auf Autorennamen verwiesen. Aus der Reihenfolge der im Schrifttum genannten Autoren ist keine Wertigkeit abzuleiten. Neben der umfassenden Abies-Monographie von LIU (1971) wurde bezüglich der chinesischen Tannenarten den Aussagen von CHENG (1978) und bezüglich der mexikanischen Tannenarten den Aussagen von MARTINEZ (1963) größere Bedeutung beigemessen.
  • The Evolution of Cavitation Resistance in Conifers Maximilian Larter

    The Evolution of Cavitation Resistance in Conifers Maximilian Larter

    The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Maximilian Larter To cite this version: Maximilian Larter. The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers. Bioclimatology. Univer- sit´ede Bordeaux, 2016. English. <NNT : 2016BORD0103>. <tel-01375936> HAL Id: tel-01375936 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01375936 Submitted on 3 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE DE BORDEAUX Spécialité : Ecologie évolutive, fonctionnelle et des communautés Ecole doctorale: Sciences et Environnements Evolution de la résistance à la cavitation chez les conifères The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Maximilian LARTER Directeur : Sylvain DELZON (DR INRA) Co-Directeur : Jean-Christophe DOMEC (Professeur, BSA) Soutenue le 22/07/2016 Devant le jury composé de : Rapporteurs : Mme Amy ZANNE, Prof., George Washington University Mr Jordi MARTINEZ VILALTA, Prof., Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Examinateurs : Mme Lisa WINGATE, CR INRA, UMR ISPA, Bordeaux Mr Jérôme CHAVE, DR CNRS, UMR EDB, Toulouse i ii Abstract Title: The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Abstract Forests worldwide are at increased risk of widespread mortality due to intense drought under current and future climate change.
  • Contrasting Growth and Water Use Efficiency After Thinning in Mixed Abies Pinsapo–Pinus Pinaster–Pinus Sylvestris Forests

    Contrasting Growth and Water Use Efficiency After Thinning in Mixed Abies Pinsapo–Pinus Pinaster–Pinus Sylvestris Forests

    JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE, 62, 2016 (2): 53–64 doi: 10.17221/104/2015-JFS Contrasting growth and water use efficiency after thinning in mixed Abies pinsapo–Pinus pinaster–Pinus sylvestris forests R.M. Navarro-Cerrillo1, R. Sánchez-Salguero2, R. Herrera3, C.J. Ceacero Ruiz4, J.M. Moreno-Rojas5, R.D. Manzanedo6, J. López-Quintanilla7 1Departamento Ingeniería Forestal, DendrodatLab- ERSAF, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain 2Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain 3Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela 4Departamento Fisiología, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain 5Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Córdoba, Spain 6Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 7Consejería Medio-Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Málaga, Spain ABSTRACT: Foresters frequently lack sufficient information about thinning intensity effects to optimize semi-natural forest management and their effects and interaction with climate are still poorly understood. In an Abies pinsapo–Pinus pinaster–Pinus sylvestris forest with three thinning intensities, a dendrochronologial approach was used to evaluate the short-term responses of basal area increment (BAI), carbon isotope (δ13C) and water use efficiency (iWUE) to thinning intensity and climate. Thinning generally increased BAI in all species, except for the heavy thinning in P. sylvestris. Across all the plots, thinning increased 13C-derived water-use efficiency on average by 14.49% for A. pinsapo, 9.78% for P. sylves- tris and 6.68% for P. pinaster, but through different ecophysiological mechanisms. Our findings provide a robust mean of predicting water use efficiency responses from three coniferous species exposed to different thinning strategies which have been modulated by climatic conditions over time.
  • The State of Mediterranean Forests

    The State of Mediterranean Forests

    State of Mediterranean Forests 2018 State of Mediterranean Forests 2018 Published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Plan Bleu, Regional Activity Center of UN Environment/Mediterranean Action Plan Rome, 2018 FAO and Plan Bleu. 2018. State of Mediterranean Forests 2018. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome and Plan Bleu, Marseille. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or Plan Bleu pour l’Environnement et le Développement en Méditerranée (Plan Bleu) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or Plan Bleu in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO or Plan Bleu. ISBN FAO: 978-92-5-131047-2 ISBN Plan Bleu: 978-2-912081-52-0 © FAO and Plan Bleu, 2018 FAO and Plan Bleu encourage the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO and Plan Bleu as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s and Plan Bleu’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way.