<I>Trichilia Emetica
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Taxonomy, Chorology and Reproductive Biology of Southern Afri Can Meliaceae and Ptaeroxylaceae
Bothalia 16.2: 143-168 (1986) The taxonomy, chorology and reproductive biology of southern Afri can Meliaceae and Ptaeroxylaceae F. WHITE* Keywords: chorology. Meliaceae. Ptaeroxylaceae. reproductive biology, southern Africa, taxonomy ABSTRACT Information is provided on the taxonomy, chorology and reproductive biology of 14 indigenous and two intro duced species of Meliaceae in southern Africa, and on Ptaeroxylon (Ptaeroxylaceae). Two new taxa are described: Nymanieae F. White, tribus nov. and Turraea strevi F. White & B. T. Styles, sp. nov. Nurmonia (Harms) F. White, comb, et stat. nov.. a new section of Turraea L. is created. The account complements the treatments of these families in the Flora o f southern Africa. UITTREKSEL Inligting word verskaf oor die taksonomie. chorologie en voortplantingsbiologie van 14 inheemse en twee inge- voerde spesies van Meliaceae in suidelike Afrika en oor Ptaeroxylon (Ptaeroxylaceae). Twee nuwe taksons word beskryf: Nymanieae F. White, tribus nov. en Turraea strevi F. White & B. T. Styles, sp. nov. Nurmonia (Harms) F. White, comb, et stat. nov., 'n nuwe seksie van Turraea L. word geskep. Hierdie verslag is aanvullend tot die behandelings van hierdie families in die Flora o f southern Africa. CONTENTS The position of Ptaeroxylon and Nyma nia............................................................ 163 Introduction.................................................................143 South African Trichilia: chemistry and Generic and family delimitation..................... .......144 the taxonomist's e y e .......................... 163 The position of Ptaeroxylon.................................144 Conclusions................................................... 163 The position of N ym ania.....................................144 Taxonomy as a visual a rt.............................. 163 The circumscription of Turraea..........................145 The Meliaceae and the chorology of south Notes on individual genera and species ern Africa.................................................. 164 1. -
Natural Cosmetic Ingredients Exotic Butters & Oleins
www.icsc.dk Natural Cosmetic Ingredients Exotic Butters & Oleins Conventional, Organic and Internal Stabilized Exotic Butters & Oleins Exotic Oils and butters are derived from uncontrolled plantations or jungles of Asia, Africa and South – Central America. The word exotic is used to define clearly that these crops are dependent on geographical and seasonal variations, which has an impact on their yearly production capacity. Our selection of natural exotic butters and oils are great to be used in the following applications: Anti-aging and anti-wrinkle creams Sun Protection Factor SPF Softening and hydration creams Skin brightening applications General skin care products Internal Stabilization I.S. extends the lifecycle of the products 20-30 times as compare to conventional. www.icsc.dk COCOA BUTTER Theobroma Cacao • Emollient • Stable emulsions and exceptionally good oxidative stability • Reduce degeneration and restores flexibility of the skin • Fine softening effect • Skincare, massage, cream, make-up, sunscreens CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC STABILIZED AVOCADO BUTTER Persea Gratissima • Skincare, massage, cream, make-up • Gives stables emulsions • Rapid absorption into skin • Good oxidative stability • High Oleic acid content • Protective effect against sunlight • Used as a remedy against rheumatism and epidermal pains • Emollient CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC STABILIZED ILLIPE BUTTER Shorea Stenoptera • Emollient • Fine softening effect and good spreadability on the skin • Stable emulsions and exceptionally good oxidative stability • Creams, stick -
The One Hundred Tree Species Prioritized for Planting in the Tropics and Subtropics As Indicated by Database Mining
The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining Roeland Kindt, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, James M Roshetko, Meine van Noordwijk, Lars Graudal, Ramni Jamnadass The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining Roeland Kindt, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, James M Roshetko, Meine van Noordwijk, Lars Graudal, Ramni Jamnadass LIMITED CIRCULATION Correct citation: Kindt R, Dawson IK, Lillesø J-PB, Muchugi A, Pedercini F, Roshetko JM, van Noordwijk M, Graudal L, Jamnadass R. 2021. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. Working Paper No. 312. World Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/WP21001.PDF The titles of the Working Paper Series are intended to disseminate provisional results of agroforestry research and practices and to stimulate feedback from the scientific community. Other World Agroforestry publication series include Technical Manuals, Occasional Papers and the Trees for Change Series. Published by World Agroforestry (ICRAF) PO Box 30677, GPO 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254(0)20 7224000, via USA +1 650 833 6645 Fax: +254(0)20 7224001, via USA +1 650 833 6646 Email: [email protected] Website: www.worldagroforestry.org © World Agroforestry 2021 Working Paper No. 312 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of World Agroforestry. Articles appearing in this publication series may be quoted or reproduced without charge, provided the source is acknowledged. -
Trichilia Emetica to Different Dehydration and Storage Conditions
South African Journal of Botany 72 (2006) 167 – 176 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Viability and ultrastructural responses of seeds and embryonic axes of Trichilia emetica to different dehydration and storage conditions J.I. Kioko *, P. Berjak, N.W. Pammenter School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa Received 16 June 2005; accepted 1 July 2005 Abstract The seeds of Trichilia emetica, a multi-purpose tropical forest species, displayed typical recalcitrant behaviour, being shed at an average axis water concentration of 2.82 g per g dry matter (g gÀ 1), and losing viability when dehydrated to axis water concentrations below 0.42 and 0.26 g gÀ 1, when dried slowly or rapidly, respectively. The ultrastructure at shedding was indicative of active metabolism, as would be expected of mature recalcitrant seeds which grade into germinative metabolism after shedding. Rapid dehydration enabled the maintenance of ultrastructural integrity to water concentrations as low as 0.3 g gÀ 1, while cells of axes dried slowly to similar water concentrations displayed total subcellular destruction. In the fully hydrated state, the storage lifespan of the seeds was limited to 60 days at 16 -C, after which all the seeds had germinated in storage. Ultrastructural examination, however, indicated that prolonged mild water stress had occurred, which the seeds are suggested to have suffered as germination proceeded in storage. When stored at 6 -C, the seeds showed extensive ultrastructural derangement, which was accompanied by loss of viability after 20 days, presumably as a result of chilling injury, while storage at 25 -C resulted in all seeds germinating in storage in 35–40 days. -
Show Ethnoactivity
U Emetic Plant Abrus precatorius (Paternoster; Rakat; Reglisse; Pois Rouge; Weesboontje; Ma Liao Tou; Jequerit; Hung Tou; Graines Reglisse; Peonia De St Tomas; Paratella; Peonia; Hint Meyankoku; Liane Reglisse; Gunchi; Rosary Pea; To-Azuki; Cain Ghe) Acacia farnesiana (Tusca; Kembang bandira; Cuji; Esponjeira; Kambang japun; Kembang nagasiri) Acalypha indica (Lelatang) Achyranthes aspera (Apamarga; Rarai; Feuilles La Fievre; Rabo De Gato; Chaff Tree; Jarongan; Santypite) Acorus calamus (Jerangau; Calomo Aromatico; Sweet Flag; Vacha; Ganoeak; Doringo; Seki-Sho; Jeringau; Bach; Djerango; Shui Ch'Ang Pu; Acoro Aromatico; Vaj; Kalmus; Calamus; Ch'Ang P'U Chiu; Agri Turki; Kalmoes; Calmus; Acore Vrai; Acorus; Sarango; Jariangau; Calamo Aromatico; Azakegeri; Kalmos; Kaliraga; Sho-Bu) Adenocalymna alliaceum Aesculus argutus Ageratum conyzoides (Rompesaraguelo; Rumput tahi ayam; Wedusan; Berokan; Aru batu; Bandotan) Ailanthus altissima (Gok Aghaji; Ch'Ou Ch'Uang Shu Ken; Ch'U; Lisan At Tair; Niwa-Urusi) Ailanthus glandsulosa (Kokar Agac) Alangium salviifolium Alchornea cordifolia Aletris farinosa (Sterwortel; Unicorne; Sternwurzel; Star Grass; Blazing Star; True Unicorn) Aleurites fordii (Jabilla Extranjera; Tung) Allamanda blanchetii Allamanda cathartica (Yellow Allamanda) Alnus rubra (Rode Els; Aune Rouge; Red Alder; Rote Erle) Alnus rugosa Alpinia malaccensis Amaranthus dubius (Zepina; Epinard Marron; Bledo) Ammi visnaga (Khellakraut; Khillah; Busnaga; Pick Toothh; Viznaga; Khaizaran; Biznaga; Anmi; Bisnaga Das Searas) Anagyris foetida (Domuzdikeni; -
Trichilia Dregeana | Plantz Africa About:Reader?Url=
Trichilia dregeana | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/trichilia-dregeana pza.sanbi.org Trichilia dregeana | Plantz Africa Introduction Trichilia dregeana is a lovely large tree that inhabits evergreen forests in high rainfall areas. It is a highly ornamental species with considerable cultural and ecological value to match. Description Description A significant feature of the forest mahogany, particularly evident in those growing in open situations, is the beautiful dark foliage and large rounded crown. Impressive heights of up to 35 m have been recorded, the tall main stem assuming a relatively straight and sometimes buttressed habit, up to 1.8 m in diameter. The grey bark is smooth in texture, but often rough and segmented around the base of the main stem on older specimens. 1 of 5 2016/12/15 01:48 PM Trichilia dregeana | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/trichilia-dregeana The compound leaves can reach lengths of 70 cm and are imparipinnate with 3-5 pairs of leaflets and a terminal one, the petiole being 8-10 cm in length. The leaflets are entire, opposite to alternate, glossy and dark green in colour, and can attain a size of 21 cm in length and 8.5 cm in width. They exhibit 8-12 pairs of side veins, petiolules around 1 cm in length, and an undersurface that is hairless to slightly hairy and notably paler than above. The creamy-white flowers, produced from October to December, are borne in dense, branched axillary inflorescences, with petals that are velvety on both surfaces and 1.4 cm-2.4 cm in length. -
Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- an Overview
Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- An Overview Douglas C. Daly John D. Mitchell The New York Botanical Garden [modified from this reference:] Daly, D. C. & J. D. Mitchell 2000. Lowland vegetation of tropical South America -- an overview. Pages 391-454. In: D. Lentz, ed. Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the pre-Columbian Americas. Columbia University Press, New York. 1 Contents Introduction Observations on vegetation classification Folk classifications Humid forests Introduction Structure Conditions that suppport moist forests Formations and how to define them Inclusions and archipelagos Trends and patterns of diversity in humid forests Transitions Floodplain forests River types Other inundated forests Phytochoria: Chocó Magdalena/NW Caribbean Coast (mosaic type) Venezuelan Guayana/Guayana Highland Guianas-Eastern Amazonia Amazonia (remainder) Southern Amazonia Transitions Atlantic Forest Complex Tropical Dry Forests Introduction Phytochoria: Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela Caatinga Chaco Chaquenian vegetation Non-Chaquenian vegetation Transitional vegetation Southern Brazilian Region Savannas Introduction Phytochoria: Cerrado Llanos of Venezuela and Colombia Roraima-Rupununi savanna region Llanos de Moxos (mosaic type) Pantanal (mosaic type) 2 Campo rupestre Conclusions Acknowledgments Literature Cited 3 Introduction Tropical lowland South America boasts a diversity of vegetation cover as impressive -- and often as bewildering -- as its diversity of plant species. In this chapter, we attempt to describe the major types of vegetation cover in this vast region as they occurred in pre- Columbian times and outline the conditions that support them. Examining the large-scale phytogeographic regions characterized by each major cover type (see Fig. I), we provide basic information on geology, geological history, topography, and climate; describe variants of physiognomy (vegetation structure) and geography; discuss transitions; and examine some floristic patterns and affinities within and among these regions. -
Floristic Composition, Structure and Regeneration Status of Riverine Forest at Nech Sar National Park of Ethiopia
Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.7, No.7, 2017 Floristic Composition, Structure and Regeneration Status of Riverine Forest at Nech Sar National Park of Ethiopia Mulugeta Kebebew 1 Hewan Demissie 2 1.Department of Biology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch Ethiopia 2.School of Plant and Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Hawassa, P o Box 1417 Abstract This Study was conducted in Nech Sar National park, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia for analyzing floristic composition, structure and regeneration status of woody plant species. The floristic composition and population structure of woody plant species were recorded in 76 quadrats, each of which 20 m x 20 m size. Data on species cover abundance, DBH, height and numbers of individuals per species and altitude were recorded from each quadrat. From NNP Riverine Forest 86 vascular plant species, representing 65 genera and 30 families were recorded. The family Fabaceae had the highest number of species (11) followed by Euphorbiaceae each with 7 species, Sapindaceae and Tiliaceae each by 5 species. The four most abundant woody plant species in the forest were Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolus, Trichilia dregeana, Syzygium guineense, Euclea divinorum. Moreover, the five most frequently distributed woody plant species were Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolus, Trichilia dregeana, Syzygium guineense, Euclea divinorum and Maytenus senegalensis. Three communities: Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius-Trichilia dregeana community, Trichilia dregeana-Syzygium guineense community and Syzygium guineense -Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius community were recognized, with similarity coefficients of 0.65, indicating that there are moderate similarity among the communities. The Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness in the forest were 2.92 and 0.68 respectively, indicating high diversity. -
Biogeography and Ecology in a Pantropical Family, the Meliaceae
Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 71(Suppl. 2):335-461. 2019 335 doi: 10.26492/gbs71(suppl. 2).2019-22 Biogeography and ecology in a pantropical family, the Meliaceae M. Heads Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY 14211-1293, USA. [email protected] ABSTRACT. This paper reviews the biogeography and ecology of the family Meliaceae and maps many of the clades. Recently published molecular phylogenies are used as a framework to interpret distributional and ecological data. The sections on distribution concentrate on allopatry, on areas of overlap among clades, and on centres of diversity. The sections on ecology focus on populations of the family that are not in typical, dry-ground, lowland rain forest, for example, in and around mangrove forest, in peat swamp and other kinds of freshwater swamp forest, on limestone, and in open vegetation such as savanna woodland. Information on the altitudinal range of the genera is presented, and brief notes on architecture are also given. The paper considers the relationship between the distribution and ecology of the taxa, and the interpretation of the fossil record of the family, along with its significance for biogeographic studies. Finally, the paper discusses whether the evolution of Meliaceae can be attributed to ‘radiations’ from restricted centres of origin into new morphological, geographical and ecological space, or whether it is better explained by phases of vicariance in widespread ancestors, alternating with phases of range expansion. Keywords. Altitude, limestone, mangrove, rain forest, savanna, swamp forest, tropics, vicariance Introduction The family Meliaceae is well known for its high-quality timbers, especially mahogany (Swietenia Jacq.). -
Malawi Agroforestry Extension Project Marketing & Enterprise Program
Publication No. 47 Malawi Agroforestry Extension Project Marketing & Enterprise Program Main Report J.H. Pratt, E.M.T. Henry, H.F. Mbeza, E. Mlaka and L.B. Satali July 2002 "This publication was funded by the United States Agency for International Development and produced by Washington State University. The opinions expressed are the views of the authors and not necessarily those of USAID." I Companion documents: 1. MAFE Dossier on Mechanical Oil Extraction Systems - November 2001 H.F. Mbeza, M. Chawala & K. Nyirenda University of Malawi Bunda College of Agriculture (BCA) Agricultural Engineering Department Reports: ??Design Modifications to Sundhara Sayari Oil Expeller for Moringa Oleifera and other Agroforestry Tree Seeds ??Oil Extraction ….. using Tinytech Expeller ??Optimization of Oil Extraction from Moringa Oleifera, Trichilia Emetica and Jatropha curcas using Ram and Spindle Presses. 2. Qualitative/Quantitative Assessment of Potential of Plant Oils (MAFE) - July 2001. R.P. Banda. Malawi Bureau of Standards (MBS). 3. Chemical Analysis and Recommended Uses of Tree Seed Oils - July 2002. E.M.T. Henry, PhD. University of Malawi Chancellor College Chemistry Department (CCCD). 4. Summary report for MAFE: Major Secondary Metobolites in Plant Tissues from Malawi, Nicaragua and Senegal - July 2002. R. Bennett, Ph D. Institute of Food Research (IFR), Norwich, UK. 5. Tree Seed Production Areas in Malawi II: The Lower Shire - June 2001. S.F.D. Chomanika, M. Likoswe & C.Z. Chilima, PhD. Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Seed and Tree Improvement -
Plant DNA Barcodes and a Community Phylogeny of a Tropical Forest Dynamics Plot in Panama
Plant DNA barcodes and a community phylogeny of a tropical forest dynamics plot in Panama W. John Kressa,1, David L. Ericksona, F. Andrew Jonesb,c, Nathan G. Swensond, Rolando Perezb, Oris Sanjurb, and Eldredge Berminghamb aDepartment of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012; bSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Anco´n, Republic of Panama´; cImperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; and dCenter for Tropical Forest Science - Asia Program, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 Communicated by Daniel H. Janzen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, September 3, 2009 (received for review May 13, 2009) The assembly of DNA barcode libraries is particularly relevant pling: the conserved coding locus will easily align over all taxa within species-rich natural communities for which accurate species in a community sample to establish deep phylogenetic branches identifications will enable detailed ecological forensic studies. In whereas the hypervariable region of the DNA barcode will align addition, well-resolved molecular phylogenies derived from these more easily within nested subsets of closely related species and DNA barcode sequences have the potential to improve investiga- permit relationships to be inferred among the terminal branches tions of the mechanisms underlying community assembly and of the tree. functional trait evolution. To date, no studies have effectively In this respect a supermatrix design (8, 9) is ideal for using a applied DNA barcodes sensu strictu in this manner. In this report, mixture of coding genes and intergenic spacers for phylogenetic we demonstrate that a three-locus DNA barcode when applied to reconstruction across the broadest evolutionary distances, as in 296 species of woody trees, shrubs, and palms found within the the construction of community phylogenies (10). -
Preliminary Notes on the Phytogeography of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica Xavier Cornejo , Scott A. Mori , Reinaldo Aguilar
Preliminary Notes on the Phytogeography of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica Xavier Cornejo1, Scott A. Mori1, Reinaldo Aguilar2, Hannah Stevens3, and Francine Douwes3 1Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 200th St. and Kazimiroff Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U. S. A. 2 Los Charcos de Osa, Apdo. # 76-8203, Península de Osa, Costa Rica. 3GIS Laboratory, The New York Botanical Garden, 200th St. and Kazimiroff Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U. S.A. Abstract A phytogeographic analysis of the distributions of 455 species of trees in 16 families revealed that 4.6% of the species are endemic to the Osa Peninsula and the adjacent mainland. However, nearly one-fourth of the species may be regionally endemic to Central-South Mesoamerica (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama). Our sample suggests that 54.7% of the species occur in some part of Mesoamerica and sometimes range into northwestern South America and that 45.3% of the species have wide distributions throughout tropical America. There is a strong affinity with the flora of northwestern South America with 50.2% of the species on the Osa also found there. In addition, 49.7% of the species on the Osa occur on both the Atlantic and Pacific slopes of Central America or, if they reach South America, are sometimes found on both sides of the Andes. Major contributions to the tree flora of the Osa have been made by species arriving in the Osa by 1) dispersal from South and North America to islands in proto Central America before the formation of a dry-land connection between the two continents and 2) migration from South America and North America after the closure of the Panamanian isthmus was made.