Structural, Thermochronological, and Stratigraphic Constraints on the Evolution of the Clearwater Metamorphic Core Complex, Idaho
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Geologic Time Two Ways to Date Geologic Events Steno's Laws
Frank Press • Raymond Siever • John Grotzinger • Thomas H. Jordan Understanding Earth Fourth Edition Chapter 10: The Rock Record and the Geologic Time Scale Lecture Slides prepared by Peter Copeland • Bill Dupré Copyright © 2004 by W. H. Freeman & Company Geologic Time Two Ways to Date Geologic Events A major difference between geologists and most other 1) relative dating (fossils, structure, cross- scientists is their concept of time. cutting relationships): how old a rock is compared to surrounding rocks A "long" time may not be important unless it is greater than 1 million years 2) absolute dating (isotopic, tree rings, etc.): actual number of years since the rock was formed Steno's Laws Principle of Superposition Nicholas Steno (1669) In a sequence of undisturbed • Principle of Superposition layered rocks, the oldest rocks are • Principle of Original on the bottom. Horizontality These laws apply to both sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Principle of Original Horizontality Layered strata are deposited horizontal or nearly horizontal or nearly parallel to the Earth’s surface. Fig. 10.3 Paleontology • The study of life in the past based on the fossil of plants and animals. Fossil: evidence of past life • Fossils that are preserved in sedimentary rocks are used to determine: 1) relative age 2) the environment of deposition Fig. 10.5 Unconformity A buried surface of erosion Fig. 10.6 Cross-cutting Relationships • Geometry of rocks that allows geologists to place rock unit in relative chronological order. • Used for relative dating. Fig. 10.8 Fig. 10.9 Fig. 10.9 Fig. 10.9 Fig. Story 10.11 Fig. -
Lab 7: Relative Dating and Geological Time
LAB 7: RELATIVE DATING AND GEOLOGICAL TIME Lab Structure Synchronous lab work Yes – virtual office hours available Asynchronous lab work Yes Lab group meeting No Quiz None – Test 2 this week Recommended additional work None Required materials Pencil Learning Objectives After carefully reading this chapter, completing the exercises within it, and answering the questions at the end, you should be able to: • Apply basic geological principles to the determination of the relative ages of rocks. • Explain the difference between relative and absolute age-dating techniques. • Summarize the history of the geological time scale and the relationships between eons, eras, periods, and epochs. • Understand the importance and significance of unconformities. • Explain why an understanding of geological time is critical to both geologists and the general public. Key Terms • Eon • Original horizontality • Era • Cross-cutting • Period • Inclusions • Relative dating • Faunal succession • Absolute dating • Unconformity • Isotopic dating • Angular unconformity • Stratigraphy • Disconformity • Strata • Nonconformity • Superposition • Paraconformity Time is the dimension that sets geology apart from most other sciences. Geological time is vast, and Earth has changed enough over that time that some of the rock types that formed in the past could not form Lab 7: Relative Dating and Geological Time | 181 today. Furthermore, as we’ve discussed, even though most geological processes are very, very slow, the vast amount of time that has passed has allowed for the formation of extraordinary geological features, as shown in Figure 7.0.1. Figure 7.0.1: Arizona’s Grand Canyon is an icon for geological time; 1,450 million years are represented by this photo. -
Research Natural Areas on National Forest System Lands in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and Western Wyoming: a Guidebook for Scientists, Managers, and Educators
USDA United States Department of Agriculture Research Natural Areas on Forest Service National Forest System Lands Rocky Mountain Research Station in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, General Technical Report RMRS-CTR-69 Utah, and Western Wyoming: February 2001 A Guidebook for Scientists, Managers, and E'ducators Angela G. Evenden Melinda Moeur J. Stephen Shelly Shannon F. Kimball Charles A. Wellner Abstract Evenden, Angela G.; Moeur, Melinda; Shelly, J. Stephen; Kimball, Shannon F.; Wellner, Charles A. 2001. Research Natural Areas on National Forest System Lands in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and Western Wyoming: A Guidebook for Scientists, Managers, and Educators. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-69. Ogden, UT: U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 84 p. This guidebook is intended to familiarize land resource managers, scientists, educators, and others with Research Natural Areas (RNAs) managed by the USDA Forest Service in the Northern Rocky Mountains and lntermountain West. This guidebook facilitates broader recognitionand use of these valuable natural areas by describing the RNA network, past and current research and monitoring, management, and how to use RNAs. About The Authors Angela G. Evenden is biological inventory and monitoring project leader with the National Park Service -NorthernColorado Plateau Network in Moab, UT. She was formerly the Natural Areas Program Manager for the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Northern Region and lntermountain Region of the USDA Forest Service. Melinda Moeur is Research Forester with the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain ResearchStation in Moscow, ID, and one of four Research Natural Areas Coordinators from the Rocky Mountain Research Station. J. Stephen Shelly is Regional Botanist and Research Natural Areas Coordinator with the USDA Forest Service, Northern Region Headquarters Office in Missoula, MT. -
Evaluation of the Depositional Environment of the Eagle Ford
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2012 Evaluation of the depositional environment of the Eagle Ford Formation using well log, seismic, and core data in the Hawkville Trough, LaSalle and McMullen counties, south Texas Zachary Paul Hendershott Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Hendershott, Zachary Paul, "Evaluation of the depositional environment of the Eagle Ford Formation using well log, seismic, and core data in the Hawkville Trough, LaSalle and McMullen counties, south Texas" (2012). LSU Master's Theses. 863. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/863 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EVALUATION OF THE DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE EAGLE FORD FORMATION USING WELL LOG, SEISMIC, AND CORE DATA IN THE HAWKVILLE TROUGH, LASALLE AND MCMULLEN COUNTIES, SOUTH TEXAS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geology and Geophysics by Zachary Paul Hendershott B.S., University of the South – Sewanee, 2009 December 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my committee chair and advisor, Dr. Jeffrey Nunn, for his constant guidance and support during my academic career at LSU. -
Survival and Mortality of Translocated Woodland Caribou Author(S): Bradley B
Survival and Mortality of Translocated Woodland Caribou Author(s): Bradley B. Compton, Peter Zager and Gregg Servheen Reviewed work(s): Source: Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Autumn, 1995), pp. 490-496 Published by: Allen Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3782959 . Accessed: 07/11/2012 15:12 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Allen Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Wildlife Society Bulletin. http://www.jstor.org Caribou survival Survival and mortality of translocated woodland caribou Bradley B. Compton, Peter Zager, and Gregg Servheen AbstractWe monitoredsurvival of 60 woodland caribou (Rangifertarandus) translocatedfrom BritishColumbia to the SelkirkMountains of northernIdaho betweenMarch 1987 and February1992. This translocationwas to assistin recoveryof the endangeredSelkirk population. For all translocatedcaribou combined,estimated annual survivalrates rangedfrom 0.65-0.94 and wereconsistent with declining established populations. No differences(P > 0.10) in survivalwere foundbetween male and femalecaribou or be- tweenmountain and northernecotypes. Causes ofdeath included unknown (n = 14), pre- dation(n = 7), other(n = 4), and human-caused(n = 2), withsummer accounting for the greatestproportion (53o/o). Emigrationof 7 mountainecotype animals also was a loss to the population. -
Idaho Mountain Goat Management Plan (2019-2024)
Idaho Mountain Goat Management Plan 2019-2024 Prepared by IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME June 2019 Recommended Citation: Idaho Mountain Goat Management Plan 2019-2024. Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, USA. Team Members: Paul Atwood – Regional Wildlife Biologist Nathan Borg – Regional Wildlife Biologist Clay Hickey – Regional Wildlife Manager Michelle Kemner – Regional Wildlife Biologist Hollie Miyasaki– Wildlife Staff Biologist Morgan Pfander – Regional Wildlife Biologist Jake Powell – Regional Wildlife Biologist Bret Stansberry – Regional Wildlife Biologist Leona Svancara – GIS Analyst Laura Wolf – Team Leader & Regional Wildlife Biologist Contributors: Frances Cassirer – Wildlife Research Biologist Mark Drew – Wildlife Veterinarian Jon Rachael – Wildlife Game Manager Additional copies: Additional copies can be downloaded from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game website at fishandgame.idaho.gov Front Cover Photo: ©Hollie Miyasaki, IDFG Back Cover Photo: ©Laura Wolf, IDFG Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) adheres to all applicable state and federal laws and regulations related to discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, gender, disability or veteran’s status. If you feel you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility of IDFG, or if you desire further information, please write to: Idaho Department of Fish and Game, P.O. Box 25, Boise, ID 83707 or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Federal Assistance, Mailstop: MBSP-4020, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, Telephone: (703) 358-2156. This publication will be made available in alternative formats upon request. Please contact IDFG for assistance. Costs associated with this publication are available from IDFG in accordance with Section 60-202, Idaho Code. -
The Geohistorical Time Arrow: from Steno's Stratigraphic Principles To
JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION 62, 691–700 (2014) The Geohistorical Time Arrow: From Steno’s Stratigraphic Principles to Boltzmann’s Past Hypothesis Gadi Kravitz1,a ABSTRACT Geologists have always embraced the time arrow in order to reconstruct the past geology of Earth, thus turning geology into a historical science. The covert assumption regarding the direction of time from past to present appears in Nicolas Steno’s principles of stratigraphy. The intuitive–metaphysical nature of Steno’s assumption was based on a biblical narrative; therefore, he never attempted to justify it in any way. In this article, I intend to show that contrary to Steno’s principles, the theoretical status of modern geohistory is much better from a scientific point of view. The uniformity principle enables modern geohistory to establish the time arrow on the basis of the second law of thermodynamics, i.e., on a physical law, on the one hand, and on a historical law, on the other. In other words, we can say that modern actualism is based on the uniformity principle. This principle is essentially based on the principle of causality, which in turn obtains its justification from the second law of thermodynamics. I will argue that despite this advantage, the shadow that metaphysics has cast on geohistory has not disappeared completely, since the thermodynamic time arrow is based on a metaphysical assumption—Boltzmann’s past hypothesis. All professors engaged in geological education should know these philosophical–theoretical arguments and include them in the curriculum of studies dealing with the basic assumptions of geoscience in general and the uniformity principle and deep time in particular. -
Cabinet-Yaak and Selkirk Mountains Grizzly Bear Monitoring Update 610/2019
Cabinet-Yaak and Selkirk Mountains Grizzly Bear Monitoring Update 610/2019 Wayne Kasworm, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 385 Fish Hatchery Road, Libby, MT 59923 (406) 293-4161 ext 205 [email protected] Reports: https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/es/grizzlyBear.php Our 2019 field season began in early May with the arrival of our field technicians for work and training. We spent almost a week on training before crews dispersed to the field. We have two bear capture teams and one hair collection team in the Cabinet-Yaak plus one trap team and two hair collection teams in the Selkirk Mountains. Crews began capture and hair collection efforts on May 18. Capture efforts will emphasize recapture of existing collar bears. The manufacturer of our radio collars alerted us to a software glitch that is causing many of our collars to malfunction. This year’s collars have had the software updated to avoid the issue. Selkirk Mountains Research Monitoring We began 2019 with five grizzly bears collared in the Selkirk Mountains (3 females and 2 males). Capture activities have resulted in the recapture and collar change on one of the females (Figure 1). Trail cameras at the capture site indicated she was accompanied by a 2 year-old offspring, but that bear was not captured. Trapping will continue near the international border to attempt recapture of the other two females. Cabinet-Yaak Research Monitoring We began 2019 with six collared grizzly bears in the Cabinet-Yaak (2 females and 4 males). One of the females was observed in May with two new cubs. -
Characterization of Ecoregions of Idaho
1 0 . C o l u m b i a P l a t e a u 1 3 . C e n t r a l B a s i n a n d R a n g e Ecoregion 10 is an arid grassland and sagebrush steppe that is surrounded by moister, predominantly forested, mountainous ecoregions. It is Ecoregion 13 is internally-drained and composed of north-trending, fault-block ranges and intervening, drier basins. It is vast and includes parts underlain by thick basalt. In the east, where precipitation is greater, deep loess soils have been extensively cultivated for wheat. of Nevada, Utah, California, and Idaho. In Idaho, sagebrush grassland, saltbush–greasewood, mountain brush, and woodland occur; forests are absent unlike in the cooler, wetter, more rugged Ecoregion 19. Grazing is widespread. Cropland is less common than in Ecoregions 12 and 80. Ecoregions of Idaho The unforested hills and plateaus of the Dissected Loess Uplands ecoregion are cut by the canyons of Ecoregion 10l and are disjunct. 10f Pure grasslands dominate lower elevations. Mountain brush grows on higher, moister sites. Grazing and farming have eliminated The arid Shadscale-Dominated Saline Basins ecoregion is nearly flat, internally-drained, and has light-colored alkaline soils that are Ecoregions denote areas of general similarity in ecosystems and in the type, quality, and America into 15 ecological regions. Level II divides the continent into 52 regions Literature Cited: much of the original plant cover. Nevertheless, Ecoregion 10f is not as suited to farming as Ecoregions 10h and 10j because it has thinner soils. -
Geologic Models and Evaluation of Undiscovered Conventional and Continuous Oil and Gas Resources— Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S
Geologic Models and Evaluation of Undiscovered Conventional and Continuous Oil and Gas Resources— Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S. Gulf Coast Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5159 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Front Cover. Photos taken by Krystal Pearson, U.S. Geological Survey, near the old Sprinkle Road bridge on Little Walnut Creek, Travis County, Texas. Geologic Models and Evaluation of Undiscovered Conventional and Continuous Oil and Gas Resources—Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S. Gulf Coast By Krystal Pearson Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5159 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Pearson, Krystal, 2012, Geologic models and evaluation of undiscovered conventional and continuous oil and gas resources—Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S. -
The Sme Avalanche Tragedy of January 20, 2003: a Summary of the Data
THE SME AVALANCHE TRAGEDY OF JANUARY 20, 2003: A SUMMARY OF THE DATA Dick Penniman* Snowbridge Associates Frank Baumann Baumann Engineering ABSTRACT: On January 20, 2003 guided skiers and snowboarders with the Selkirk Mountain Experience (SME) Company climbed a 310 meter long, 36°-37° avalanche slope on Tumbledown Mountain in the Durrand Glacier area in the Northern Selkirks of British Columbia. In switch back fashion two groups of 10 and 11 each followed one after the other. The individuals within each group were told to space themselves approximately five feet apart. As several members of the lead group reached a convex roll at the top of the slope, a large avalanche released catching thirteen people below. Seven were killed. This paper presents the significant terrain, snowpack, weather, and human factor data that contributed to this tragic avalanche event. Keywords: couloir, wind-loading, weak layer, terrain risk 1. INTRODUCTION On January 20, 2003, seven ski tourers, under the leadership of Reudi Beglinger, a Swiss-trained mountain guide and member of the Association of Canadian Mountain Guides (ACMG) and the Canadian Avalanche Association (CAA), died when they were buried by an avalanche in the Durrand Glacier area, 35 km north northeast of Revelstoke, B.C., Canada (Figure 1). The victims were part of a group of 21 skiers that had departed that morning from the Durrand Chalet, a remote, helicopter- DURRAND accessed mountain lodge located at the GLACIER headwaters of Cairns Creek, on the west side of the Selkirk Mountains, and owned by Ruedi Beglinger’s company, Selkirk Mountain Revelstoke Experience. The La Traviata couloir, where the fatal 0 100 km Vancouver avalanche occurred, is a 310 meter long, shallow, steep, wind-loaded gully with a 37° starting zone. -
The Epic Idaho Roadtrip
THE EPIC IDAHO ROADTRIP As the 14th largest state in the country, it will take more than a long weekend to explore Idaho from top to bottom. The Epic Idaho Road Trip was created as a way to highlight the beautiful scenic byways, vast landscapes, and all the fun adventures, food, and history that Idaho has to offer. This 10-day route includes time to stop and enjoy attractions and activities each day before heading out to your next destination. Total mileage and estimated drive time are notated on each map for planning purposes. The Epic Idaho Road Trip can be easily tailored to fit your specific travel style and interests. Stay an extra day or two in a place you really love. Tackle more adventures from the “Activities to Explore” listing in each section. Or just follow the scenic byways and let the beauty of Idaho speak for itself. Whatever you choose, Idaho is sure to surprise and delight with every curve of the road. visitidaho.org | P29 CANADA Bonners Ferry Sandpoint Coeur d’Alene White Pine Wallace Scenic Byway WA MT Moscow Lewiston Northwest Passage Scenic Byway Grangeville Salmon New McCall Meadows Payette River Scenic Byway Sacajawea Scenic Byway Ponderosa Pine Scenic Byway Rexburg Peaks to Craters WY Scenic Byway Stanley Salmon River Scenic Byway Victor Banks Wildlife Canyon Scenic Byway Idaho Sun Valley Falls Boise OR Sawtooth Scenic Byway Pocatello Twin Falls NV UT visitidaho.org | P30 EPIC THE EPIC IDAHO ROAD TRIP Total Drive Time: 35 Hours 20 Minutes Total Mileage: 1,763 Highway 75 Best Time to Travel: June-September Good For: We go big in Idaho: North America’s + Young Free Spirits deepest gorge, millions of acres of + Adventure Seekers wildlands, jagged peaks, world-class trout streams, and hundreds of alpine lakes.