The Properties and Uses of Kadri
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Te Awamutu Courier
Te Awamutu Ph (07) 871-5069 email: [email protected] Your community newspaper for over 100 years Thursday, August 8, 2019 410 Bond Road, Te Awamutu C A/H 021 503 404 Rocking out Agencies on move at Bandquest The Waikato round of this year’s Rockshop Bandquest is in Hamilton on Monday, August 12. Young bands from the region will take to the stage at Clarence St Theatre from 6.30pm. Among the bands performing are Te Awamutu Intermediate bands Waxy Thursday and 6 minute noodle and Te Pahu¯School bands Freeze Point and Five Savages. They will be among 200 intermediate and primary school bands taking part in the competition in towns from Auckland to Dunedin. Get support The next La Leche League breastfeeding support meeting is on Wednesday, August 14 at the Kindergarten Room, Presbyterian Church, Mutu Street from 10am to midday. Meetings are held every second Wednesday of the month. Zone scheme Te Awamutu Intermediate is planning to implement an enrolment zone scheme for 2020, due to growth in the Blank canvas at 204 Sloane St that will be a dual home for Government agencies Work and Income and Oranga Tamariki. Photo / Dean Taylor district. The community is invited to a consultation meeting on Landmark building demolished to make room for site Wednesday, August 14 in the library/hub. There are also forms BY DEAN TAYLOR building has been demolished begin preparations for the co- available at the school office. and the site cleared for the new location.” A landmark building in facility. The new site will Oranga Tamariki — Ministry -
Resin and Wax Holdings Ltd
RESIN AND WAX HOLDINGS LTD Resin and Wax Holdings Ltd Peat Extraction and Processing Project Resource Consent Application September 2019 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page INTRODUCTION 3 RESOURCE CONSENTS REQUESTED 4 SITE DESCRIPTION 4 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSAL 16 CONSULTATION 33 DISTRICT & REGIONAL PLAN ASSESSMENT 35 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 42 SUMMARY 48 2 DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITY 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of this Document This document comprises an application by Resin and Wax Holdings Limited (RWHL) to Far North District Council (FNDC) and Northland Regional Council (NRC) for grant of resource consents to extract and process Kauri peat in Far North for recovery of natural waxes and resin. 1.2 Background Resin and Wax Holdings Ltd (RWHL) is a New Zealand company planning to establish extraction and processing operation at Kaimaumau for recovering resin and wax product from kauri peat. The peat harvesting will be from several farmland sites in Far North. The processing plant will be located on land owned by the local Iwi Te Runanga o Ngai Takoto (Ngai Takoto)at Kaimaumau. RWHL have agreements with the farm owners and Ngai Takoto (at their Sweetwater property) for access to the resource. Ngai Takoto has agreed to provide land for the process plant at Kaimaumau property as part of their strategy to reclaim and derive income from their unproductive Kaimaumau land. The resin and wax project is seen integral to the Iwi’s plan to develop their land and has their full support. The project has significant economic benefits for the region. It will generate $60 million in export earnings when fully implemented and will provide full-time employment to 50 people of which 80%+ will be local hire. -
Wood Waste As a Raw Material Lionel K
Volume 18 Article 3 1-1-1930 Wood Waste as a Raw Material Lionel K. Arnold Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/amesforester Part of the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Arnold, Lionel K. (1930) "Wood Waste as a Raw Material," Ames Forester: Vol. 18 , Article 3. Available at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/amesforester/vol18/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ames Forester by an authorized editor of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE AMES FORESTER 17 Wood Waste as a Raw Material Lionel K. Arnold, Engineering Experiment Station It is estimated that the annual sawdust pile of the world would be several times as large as the largest skyscraper of New 'York. The sawclust is only about one-fifth of the total waste from the lumber industry. It is estimated that 62 per cent of each tree cut for lumber is wasted. This includes the limbs, top, and stump as well as the waste at the mill. From the sawlogs alone the waste is approximately 49 per cent. Unbreakable dolls and dynamite are only two of the many products made fl-om wood flour which is made from sawdust and other wood wastes. In spite of the immense quantities of sawdust and other wood wastes produced in the United States, we are importing in the neighborhood of 12 million pounds of wood flour every year at a cost of about 90 thousand dollars. -
Immigration During the Crown Colony Period, 1840-1852
1 2: Immigration during the Crown Colony period, 1840-1852 Context In 1840 New Zealand became, formally, a part of the British Empire. The small and irregular inflow of British immigrants from the Australian Colonies – the ‘Old New Zealanders’ of the mission stations, whaling stations, timber depots, trader settlements, and small pastoral and agricultural outposts, mostly scattered along the coasts - abruptly gave way to the first of a number of waves of immigrants which flowed in from 1840.1 At least three streams arrived during the period 1840-1852, although ‘Old New Zealanders’ continued to arrive in small numbers during the 1840s. The first consisted of the government officials, merchants, pastoralists, and other independent arrivals, the second of the ‘colonists’ (or land purchasers) and the ‘emigrants’ (or assisted arrivals) of the New Zealand Company and its affiliates, and the third of the imperial soldiers (and some sailors) who began arriving in 1845. New Zealand’s European population grew rapidly, marked by the establishment of urban communities, the colonial capital of Auckland (1840), and the Company settlements of Wellington (1840), Petre (Wanganui, 1840), New Plymouth (1841), Nelson (1842), Otago (1848), and Canterbury (1850). Into Auckland flowed most of the independent and military streams, and into the company settlements those arriving directly from the United Kingdom. Thus A.S.Thomson observed that ‘The northern [Auckland] settlers were chiefly derived from Australia; those in the south from Great Britain. The former,’ he added, ‘were distinguished for colonial wisdom; the latter for education and good home connections …’2 Annexation occurred at a time when emigration from the United Kingdom was rising. -
A Taxonomic Revision of Phytophthora Clade 5 Including Two New Species, Phytophthora Agathidicida and P
Phytotaxa 205 (1): 021–038 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.205.1.2 A taxonomic revision of Phytophthora Clade 5 including two new species, Phytophthora agathidicida and P. cocois BEVAN S. WEIR1, ELSA P. PADERES1, NITISH ANAND1, JANICE Y. UCHIDA2, SHAUN R. PENNYCOOK1, STANLEY E. BELLGARD1 & ROSS E. BEEVER1 1 Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Corresponding author; [email protected] 2 University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii, United States of America Abstract Phytophthora Clade 5 is a very poorly studied group of species of oomycete chromists, consisting of only two known species P. castaneae (≡ P. katsurae, nom. illegit.) and P. heveae with most isolates from East Asia and the Pacific Islands. However, isolates of two important disease-causing chromists in Clade 5, one of kauri (Agathis australis) in New Zealand, the other of coconut (Cocos nucifera) in Hawaii, poorly match the current species descriptions. To verify whether these isolates belong to separate species a detailed morphological study and phylogenetic analysis consisting of eight genetic loci was conducted. On the basis of genetic and morphological differences and host specificity, we present the formal description of two new species in Clade 5, Phytophthora agathidicida sp. nov. and Phytophthora cocois sp. nov. To clarify the typification of the other Clade 5 species, an authentic ex-holotype culture of Phytophthora castaneae is designated and P. heveae is lectotypified and epitypified. Key words: nomenclature, oomycete, phylogeny, species description Introduction Phytophthora species are important oomycete chromists (Oomycetes, Peronosporales, Pythiaceae) plant pathogens causing significant disease (Kroon et al. -
Agathis Robusta and Agathis Australis Friends Friends
Plants in Focus, December 2016 Agathis robusta and Agathis australis Friends of GeelongBotanic Left: The Qld Kauri Agathis robusta, planted in the Albury BG in 1910, is the largest recorded in the Big Tree Register. Note gardener. [1] Right: The NZ Kauri Agathis australis, named Tane Mahuta (Lord of the Forest), in the Waipoua Forest is the largest known in NZ. Photo: Prof. Chen Hualin, CC BY-SA 4.0, zh.wikipedia.org Kauris (Agathis sp.) are conifers Conifers, along with the other Gymnosperms (Cycads and Ginkgoes), first appeared about 300 Ma (Million years ago) at the end of the Carboniferous when the world’s coal deposits were being laid down with the remains of the spore-producing trees of that period. The early conifers looked like modern Araucaria. These trees spread throughout the world and displaced their predecessors. The age of the seed plants had arrived. The conifers are a hardy lot. They survived the largest mass extinction the earth has known, 252 Ma, at the end of the Permian Period. But more challenges lay ahead. Sometime in the next 50 Myr (Million years) one of Gymnosperms gave rise to the flowering plants, the Angiosperms. By 100 Ma, in the Cretaceous period, Angiosperms were widespread. And so the battle began - and still continues to this day. The flowering plants have many features that make them more successful in many environments, so their take-over of many habitats was complete by about 65 Ma at the end of the age of the dinosaurs. But in the world’s harsh environments the conifers continue to not just survive, but flourish. -
Components and Types of Varnishes
Components and types of Varnishes Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent. However, different types of varnish have different components. After being applied, the film-forming substances in varnishes either harden directly, as soon as the solvent has fully evaporated, or harden after evaporation of the solvent through curing processes, primarily chemical reaction between oils and oxygen from the air (autoxidation) and chemical reactions between components of the varnish. Resin varnishes "dry" by evaporation of the solvent and harden almost immediately upon drying. Acrylic and waterborne varnishes "dry" upon evaporation of the water but will experience an extended curing period. Oil, polyurethane, and epoxy varnishes remain liquid even after evaporation of the solvent but quickly begin to cure, undergoing successive stages from liquid or syrupy, to tacky or sticky, to dry gummy, to "dry to the touch", to hard. Environmental factors such as heat and humidity play a very large role in the drying and curing times of varnishes. In classic varnish the cure rate depends on the type of oil used and, to some extent, on the ratio of oil to resin. The drying and curing time of all varnishes may be sped up by exposure to an energy source such as sunlight, ultraviolet light, or heat. Drying oil There are many different types of drying oils, including linseed oil, tung oil, and walnut oil. These contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Drying oils cure through an exothermic reaction between the polyunsaturated portion of the oil and oxygen from the air. -
The Pine-Bark Beetle, Hylastes ,Ater, in New Zealand
NEW ZEALAND STATE FOREST SERVICE. CIRCULAR No. 33. A. D. McGAVOCK, Directol' of FoPestry, Reprint from Journal of Science and Technology, ·vol. XIV, No. 1. THE PINE-BARK BEETLE, HYLASTES ,ATER, IN NEW ZEALAND. BY ARTHUR F. CLARK, Forest Entomologist. WELLINGTON. W. A. G. SKINNER. GQVE,RNMENT PRINTER. 1932. NEW ZEALAND STATE FOREST SERVICE. CIRCULAR NO. 33. A. D. McGAVOCK, Director- of Forestry. Reprint from Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. XIV, No. 1, THE PINE-BARK BEETLE, HYLASTES ATER, IN NEW ZEALAND. By AB,THUR F. CLARK, Forest Entomologist, State Forest Service. INTRODUCTION. ALTHOUGH the Coleoptera is the best represented of any order in New Zealand, there are but few species of the family Ipidae. This is rather surprising when it is considered that the Dominion originally possessed very large areas of coniferous and hardwood forests, some four million acres of which still remain in their virgin state, and, further, that many species of other families of beetles associated with forests, such as the Cerambycids and Colydiids, are to be found. The arrival and establishment of Hylastes ater Payk., which is the first introduced Ipid beetle to become so estab lished, adds to the number of the native species, but is nevertheless a very unwelcome addition. Forestry conditions in New Zealand differ to some extent from those existing in the Old World, in that attempts to regenerate the native timber trees are still in their infancy. Whilst the planting of introduced tree species dates from the earliest days of settlement, during the last decade a programme of extensive establishment of introduced conifers has been carried out, with the result that more than 500,000 acres are at present under this type of forest, the greater part of which has been established since 1921. -
Soldiers & Colonists
SOLDIERS & COLONISTS Imperial Soldiers as Settlers in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand John M. McLellan A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Victoria University of Wellington 2017 i Abstract The approximately 18,000 imperial troops who arrived in New Zealand with the British regiments between 1840 and 1870 as garrison and combat troops, did not do so by choice. However, for the more than 3,600 non-commissioned officers and rank and file soldiers who subsequently discharged from the army in New Zealand, and the unknown but significant number of officers who retired in the colony, it was their decision to stay and build civilian lives as soldier settlers in the colony. This thesis investigates three key themes in the histories of soldiers who became settlers: land, familial relationships, and livelihood. In doing so, the study develops an important area of settler colonialism in New Zealand history. Discussion covers the period from the first arrival of soldiers in the 1840s through to the early twentieth century – incorporating the span of the soldier settlers’ lifetimes. The study focuses on selected aspects of the history of nineteenth-century war and settlement. Land is examined through analysis of government statutes and reports, reminiscences, letters, and newspapers, the thesis showing how and why soldier settlers were assisted on to confiscated and alienated Māori land under the Waste Lands and New Zealand Settlement Acts. Attention is also paid to documenting the soldier settlers’ experiences of this process and its problems. Further, it discusses some of the New Zealand settlements in which military land grants were concentrated. -
Future Auckland
FUTURE AUCKLAND EDUCATION KIT AUCKLAND MUSEUM AUCKLAND CITY Auckland Museum Te Papa Whakahiku C ontents Contents page Introduction to the Resource 02 Why Study the City's Future? 02 Exhibit Your Work at the Auckland Museum 03 Teacher Background 04 The First People of Auckland 04 The Early Days of Auckland 04 Auckland War Memorial Museum 07 Auckland City Council 09 Population of Auckland City 10 Future Trends and Options 11 Curriculum Links 12 Level 2 Pre and Post-Visit Activities 12 Level 3 Pre and Post-Visit Activities 14 Level 4 Pre and Post-Visit Activities 15 Level 5 Pre and Post-Visit Activities 17 Activity Sheets 20 Museum Trails 39 MUSEUM ACTIVITIES March 30 - May 28 'Future Auckland' an inter- active display of possible futures. Venue: Treasures & Tales Discovery Centre. June 1 - July 31 'Future Auckland - Student Vision' a display of student's work. Venue: Treasures & Tales Discovery Centre. Museum Trail of Auckland’s Past. Venue: Auckland 1866 and Natural History Galleries. HOW DO YOU MAKE A BOOKING? Booking before your visit is essential and ensures you have the centre to yourself (depending on the size of your group), or are sharing it with another group of similar age. Book early. Phone: (09) 306 7040 Auckland Museum 1 Introduction to the Resource Intro It is difficult to consider the future with- Why Study the duction out first contemplating how the past has City's Future? shaped our present, be it attitudes, sys- In order to make decisions affecting our tems or environment. future, it is vital to consider the alterna- tives and choices that are available. -
Kauri Tree Gum /Resin: 1840-1950
~ 0 ~ KAIHU THE DISTRICT NORTH RIPIRO WEST COAST SOUTH HOKIANGA HISTORY AND LEGEND REFERENCE JOURNAL NINE RICHES FROM THE HILLS VALLEYS AND SWAMPS 1780-1900 PART ONE KAURI TREE GUM /RESIN: 1840-1950 PART TWO TIMBER BONANZA ~ 1 ~ CHAPTERS PART ONE PART TWO CHAPTER ONE TIMBER BONANZA GUM/RESIN FROM THE KAURI PAGE 107 PAGE 3 CHAPTER TWO CHAPTER ONE THE GUM FIELDS SAD DEMISE OF THE MIGHTY KAURI PAGE 8 FORESTS PAGE 108 CHAPTER THREE THE KAURI GUM DIGGERS CHAPTER TWO PAGE 26 HARVESTING TIMBER PAGE 112 CHAPTER FOUR CHARACTERS OF THE GUM FIELDS CHAPTER THREE PAGE 53 TIMBER MILLING: HOKIANGA AND KAIPARA HARBOUR’S CHAPTER FIVE PAGE 119 NEWS OF THE DAY: GUM INDUSTRY PAGE 72 CHAPTER FOUR 1888: KAURI TIMBER COMPANY CHAPTER SIX PAGE 177 THE 1898 KAURI-GUM INDUSTRY COMMISSION SOURCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY PAGE 78 PAGE 213 CHAPTER SEVEN GUM EXTRACTION PLANTS PAGE 96 ~ 2 ~ Note: Please remember that Kaihu or Whapu is the name given to the area at the mouth of the Kaihu River now known as Dargaville. Opanaki was the name of the area known as Kaihu today. The change was made towards the end of the nineteenth century. ~ 3 ~ PART ONE 1 GUM/RESIN FROM THE KAURI TREE WHY DID THOSE GIANTS OF THE FOREST DISAPPEAR? Tens of thousands of years ago, giant Kauri trees (Agathis Australis) formed vast forests over much of Northland. Before the Europeans arrived and begun to cut down the existing Kauri for timber, a lot of these great forests had disappeared, probably due to changing forces of nature and climate. -
The Management of Kauri Forests :A Historical Review of Government Policy and a Proposal for the Future
THE MANAGEMENT OF KAURI FORESTS :A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF GOVERNMENT POLICY AND A PROPOSAL FOR THE FUTURE Abstract The his tor^^ of government and naiioizal attitudes toward kauri forestry in New Zealand from the early 19th century to the prtsent is examined. The most seviour shortcomings have been the inability to recognize that kauri management may have a place in New Zealand forest pruclice, and the stopgo attitude toward research which has held back any real pro- gress. The Government's "New Kauri Policy" is discussed and sug- gestions made for its better implementation. INTRODUCTION In the Direct01 of Forests' report of 1960 (A.J.H.R., p 18) we read: "No national activity in the whole history of New Zealand has received so much lip service as indigcnous forestry. ." This paper is an attempt to review government policy on kauri management. It begins when kauri was king and sup- suplied most of the timber for the infant colony. At that timc there was so much timber that no one ever thought it would run out. However, a little over one hundred years ago the first notes of cautioln were sounde~d,although it tooik fifty years more before much notice was taken and by then it was almost too late for the indigenous forests of New Zealand. Even when the Forest Service was set up in 1919 and commenced a definite policy of forest protection the attitude toward the indigenous forest had a curious ambivalence. On one hand, it was thought that the native forests could not be managed and were thus not worth considering on economic grounds.