PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE Conjugating Verbs 1st SINGULAR CONJUGATION in the pluperfect tense 1ST PERSON amāv era m I had loved Latin verbs change their endings to show fi ve things: 2ND PERSON amāv erā s you had loved number (singular or plural) person (1st, 2nd, or 3rd) 3RD PERSON amāv era the, she, it had loved tense (present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, or PLURAL future perfect) mood (indicative, subjective, or imperative) and 1ST PERSON amāv erā mus we had loved voice (active or passive)

2ND PERSON amāv erā tis you had loved Whew! You can learn all of that information from the ending 3RD PERSON amāv era nt they had loved of the verb. Here’s how it works:

STEP 1: FIND THE STEM - The Pluperfect Tense is built off of the Perfect stem which is found in the 3rd Principle part. You will always fi nd “-ī” at the end of the 3rd principle part . Drop that ending to fi nd the stem for the remaining forms of the pluperfect tense. You can ignore the 1st, 2nd and 4th principle parts in the pluperfect tense.

DROP ENDING TO FORM 1st 2nd 3rd THE PERFECT STEM 4th 4 principle am ō, am āre , amāv ī, amāt um 1ST PERSON, SINGULAR, PRESENT INFINITIVE PERFECT INDICATIVE PERFECT PARTICIPLE PRESENT, INDICATIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE parts ACTIVE

STEP 2: ADD THE ENDING - The pluperfect tense uses the imperfect forms of the verb sum : “era m”-1st singular, “erā s” - 2nd singular, “era t” - 3rd singular, “erā mus” - 1st plural, “erā tis” - 2nd plural, “era nt” - 3rd plural. Add them to the stem and the conjugation sign, and you’ve built your verb!

3rd Person Plural: amāv + era nt = amāv era nt STEP 1: VERB STEM STEP 2: PERSONAL ENDING CONJUGATED VERB

www.familystyleschooling.com DROP ENDING TO FORM 1st THE PERFECT STEM CONJUGATION or ō, or āre , orāv ī, orāt us PRESENT INDICATIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE PERFECT INDICATIVE PERFECT PARTICIPLE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE Singular

1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON orāv era m orāv I had prayed __ had prayed ______

2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON orāv erā s orāv you had prayed ___ had prayed ______

3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON orāv era t orāv he, she, it had prayed ___, ___, ___ had prayed ___, ___, ______Plural

1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON orāv erā mus orāv we had prayed ___ had prayed ______

2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON orāv erā tis orāv you had prayed ___ had prayed ______

3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON orāv era nt orāv they had prayed ____ had prayed ______www.familystyleschooling.com DROP ENDING TO FORM 1st THE PERFECT STEM CONJUGATION laud ō, laud āre , laudāv ī, laudāt us PRESENT INDICATIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE PERFECT INDICATIVE PERFECT PARTICIPLE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE Singular

1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON laudāv era m laudāv I had praised __ had praised ______

2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON laudāv erā s laudāv you had praised ___ had praised ______

3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON laudāv era t laudāv he, she, it had praised ___, ___, ___ had praised ___, ___, ______Plural

1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON laudāv erā mus laudāv we had praised ___ had praised ______

2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON laudāv erā tis laudāv you had praised ___ had praised ______

3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON laudāv era nt laudāv they had praised ____ had praised ______www.familystyleschooling.com DROP ENDING TO FORM 1st THE PERFECT STEM CONJUGATION voc ō, voc āre , vocāv ī, vocāt us PRESENT INDICATIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE PERFECT INDICATIVE PERFECT PARTICIPLE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE Singular

1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON vocāv era m vocāv I had called __ had called ______

2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON vocāv erā s vocāv you had called ___ had called ______

3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON vocāv era t vocāv he, she, it had called ___, ___, ___ had called ___, ___, ______Plural

1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON vocāv erā mus vocāv we had called ___ had called ______

2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON vocāv erā tis vocāv you had called ___ had called ______

3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON vocāv era nt vocāv they had called ____ had called ______www.familystyleschooling.com DROP ENDING TO FORM 1st THE PERFECT STEM CONJUGATION par ō, par āre , parāv ī, parāt us PRESENT INDICATIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE PERFECT INDICATIVE PERFECT PARTICIPLE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE Singular

1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON parāv era m parāv I had prepared __ had prepared ______

2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON parāv erā s parāv you had prepared ___ had prepared ______

3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON parāv era t parāv he, she, it had prepared ___, ___, ___ had prepared ___, ___, ______Plural

1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON parāv erā mus parāv we had prepared ___ had prepared ______

2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON parāv erā tis parāv you had prepared ___ had prepared ______

3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON parāv era nt parāv they had prepared ____ had prepared ______www.familystyleschooling.com DROP ENDING TO FORM THE PERFECT STEM 1st explōr ō, explōr āre , explōrāv ī, explōrāt us CONJUGATION PRESENT INDICATIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE PERFECT INDICATIVE PERFECT PARTICIPLE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE Singular

1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON explōrāv era m explōrāv I had found out __ had found out ______

2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON explōrāv erā s explōrāv you had found out ___ had found out ______

3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON explōrāv era t explōrāv he, she, it had found out ___, ___, ___ had found out ___, ___, ______Plural

1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON 1ST PERSON explōrāv erā mus explōrāv we had found out ___ had found out ______

2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON 2ND PERSON explōrāv erā tis explōrāv you had found out ___ had found out ______

3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON 3RD PERSON explōrāv era nt explōrāv they had found out ____ had found out ______www.familystyleschooling.com