Advertising: Not "Low Value" Speech
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Jo Ann Gibson Robinson, the Montgomery Bus Boycott and The
National Humanities Center Resource Toolbox The Making of African American Identity: Vol. III, 1917-1968 Black Belt Press The ONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT M and the WOMEN WHO STARTED IT __________________________ The Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson __________________________ Mrs. Jo Ann Gibson Robinson Black women in Montgomery, Alabama, unlocked a remarkable spirit in their city in late 1955. Sick of segregated public transportation, these women decided to wield their financial power against the city bus system and, led by Jo Ann Gibson Robinson (1912-1992), convinced Montgomery's African Americans to stop using public transportation. Robinson was born in Georgia and attended the segregated schools of Macon. After graduating from Fort Valley State College, she taught school in Macon and eventually went on to earn an M.A. in English at Atlanta University. In 1949 she took a faculty position at Alabama State College in Mont- gomery. There she joined the Women's Political Council. When a Montgomery bus driver insulted her, she vowed to end racial seating on the city's buses. Using her position as president of the Council, she mounted a boycott. She remained active in the civil rights movement in Montgomery until she left that city in 1960. Her story illustrates how the desire on the part of individuals to resist oppression — once *it is organized, led, and aimed at a specific goal — can be transformed into a mass movement. Mrs. T. M. Glass Ch. 2: The Boycott Begins n Friday morning, December 2, 1955, a goodly number of Mont- gomery’s black clergymen happened to be meeting at the Hilliard O Chapel A. -
The Perimetric Boycott: a Tool for Tobacco Control Advocacy N Offen, E a Smith, R E Malone
272 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.2005.011247 on 26 July 2005. Downloaded from RESEARCH PAPER The perimetric boycott: a tool for tobacco control advocacy N Offen, E A Smith, R E Malone ............................................................................................................................... Tobacco Control 2005;14:272–277. doi: 10.1136/tc.2005.011247 Objectives: To propose criteria to help advocates: (1) determine when tobacco related boycotts may be useful; (2) select appropriate targets; and (3) predict and measure boycott success. See end of article for Methods: Analysis of tobacco focused boycotts retrieved from internal tobacco industry documents authors’ affiliations websites and other scholarship on boycotts. ....................... Results: Tobacco related boycotts may be characterised by boycott target and reason undertaken. Most Correspondence to: boycotts targeted the industry itself and were called for political or economic reasons unrelated to tobacco Naphtali Offen, disease, often resulting in settlements that gave the industry marketing and public relations advantages. Department of Social and Even a lengthy health focused boycott of tobacco industry food subsidiaries accomplished little, making Behavioral Sciences Box demands the industry was unlikely to meet. In contrast, a perimetric boycott (targeting institutions at the 0612, University of California, San Francisco, perimeter of the core target) of an organisation that was taking tobacco money mobilised its constituency CA 94143, USA; and convinced the organisation to end the practice. [email protected] Conclusions: Direct boycotts of the industry have rarely advanced tobacco control. Perimetric boycotts of Received 25 January 2005 industry allies offer advocates a promising tool for further marginalising the industry. Successful boycotts Accepted 13 April 2005 include a focus on the public health consequences of tobacco use; an accessible point of pressure; a mutual ...................... -
Constitutional Law - Freedom of Association and the Political Boycott Elaine Cohoon
Campbell Law Review Volume 5 Article 4 Issue 2 Spring 1983 January 1983 Constitutional Law - Freedom of Association and the Political Boycott Elaine Cohoon Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.campbell.edu/clr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Elaine Cohoon, Constitutional Law - Freedom of Association and the Political Boycott, 5 Campbell L. Rev. 359 (1983). This Note is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Repository @ Campbell University School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Campbell Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Repository @ Campbell University School of Law. Cohoon: Constitutional Law - Freedom of Association and the Political Boy NOTES CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND THE POLITICAL BOYCOTT-N.A.A.C.P. v. CLAIBORNE HARDWARE CO., 102 S. Ct. 3409 (1982). INTRODUCTION When several people with a common goal join together to achieve that goal, are their actions conspiratal or constitutionally protected? When that concerted action leads to economic losses, is the action unfair anti-competition or merely effective political per- suasion? The courts have been troubled by this dichotomy for years, switching sides with confusing regularity. Civil or criminal conspiracy has been severely punished because of the greater threat offered by the concerted actions of a group.' On the other hand, "the practice of persons sharing common views banding to- gether to achieve a common end is deeply embedded in the Ameri- can political process.''2 Even when there is no question of criminal or civil conspiracy, concerted actions have been prohibited for other reasons. -
The Stamp Act and Methods of Protest
Page 33 Chapter 8 The Stamp Act and Methods of Protest espite the many arguments made against it, the Stamp Act was passed and scheduled to be enforced on November 1, 1765. The colonists found ever more vigorous and violent ways to D protest the Act. In Virginia, a tall backwoods lawyer, Patrick Henry, made a fiery speech and pushed five resolutions through the Virginia Assembly. In Boston, an angry mob inspired by Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty destroyed property belonging to a man rumored to be a Stamp agent and to Lt. Governor Thomas Hutchinson. In New York, delegates from nine colonies, sitting as the Stamp Act Congress, petitioned the King and Parliament for repeal. In Philadelphia, New York, and other seaport towns, merchants pledged not to buy or sell British goods until the hated stamp tax was repealed. This storm of resistance and protest eventually had the desired effect. Stamp sgents hastily resigned their Commissions and not a single stamp was ever sold in the colonies. Meanwhile, British merchants petitioned Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act. In 1766, the law was repealed but replaced with the Declaratory Act, which stated that Parliament had the right to make laws binding on the colonies "in all cases whatsoever." The methods used to protest the Stamp Act raised issues concerning the use of illegal and violent protest, which are considered in this chapter. May: Patrick Henry and the Virginia Resolutions Patrick Henry had been a member of Virginia's House of Burgess (Assembly) for exactly nine days as the May session was drawing to a close. -
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As the largest protest wave in U.S. history continues, Record. the work of local activists is under attack by malicious outsiders who do not want people standing together in defense of Black lives. From President Trump to Report. white nationalist groups, bad actors may try to smear your efforts on social media or with fliers and other Reach Out. material. Here is a quick guide on how to respond if What To Do When Misinformation you find your efforts under attack. Remember the Hits Your Community three Rs: Record, Report, Reach Out. 1 Record • If the content is online, screenshot the content in a way that catches the time, date, and sender if possible. Do not comment, like, or share the content in a direct way–that just spreads it further to people who are connected to you on social media. If you must comment, do so on a posted screenshot, or reach out to people you know who posted it in a direct way via a direct message. • If the content is in a physical document like a flier or poster, take a photo of it that gets all of the document in the frame of the camera shot. 2 Report • Call your local law enforcement ASAP to let them know about the fake information about outside agitators and/or any threats. White nationalists are targeting law enforcement to repeat, spread, and act on misinformation, so it’s important to de-escalate with the truth as soon as possible. Share your screenshots with them. Document your outreach so you can demonstrate to others (like the media) that you informed the authorities. -
Advertising: Dollars and Decisions
PAGE ONE Economics® Advertising: Dollars and Decisions Jeannette N. Bennett, Senior Economic Education Specialist GLOSSARY “Mass demand has been created almost entirely through the Advertising: Communication used by busi- development of advertising.” nesses to persuade consumers to buy a 1 good or service. —Calvin Coolidge, October 27, 1926 Choice: A decision made between two or more possibilities or alternatives. Consumers: People who buy goods and Introduction services to satisfy their wants. Having dollars in your pocket is one thing; keeping them there is another. Decisionmaking: Deciding among choices (alternatives or options). With so many businesses selling goods and services, there’s a lot of com- petition in the marketplace for the money in your pocket. In fact, consumers Demand: The quantity of a good or service 2 that buyers are willing and able to buy at are bombarded with as many as 4,000 to 10,000 advertisements each day! all possible prices during a certain time This advertising is designed to increase or create demand for products period. by influencing consumers’ choices about spending. Through persuasion, Market (marketplace): Buyers and sellers some dollars in your pocket are spent because of advertising. coming together to exchange goods, services, and/or resources. Advertising Benefits Price: The amount of money, determined by the interaction of buyers and sellers, that Advertising benefits both buyers and sellers. It provides information to a buyer must pay to acquire a good, ser- consumers about new products available and the advantages of buying vice, or resource. and using the advertised goods or services. It’s also a low-cost way for Profit: The amount of revenue that remains consumers to get information; they simply have to view the information after a business pays the costs of produc- when it is placed in front of them. -
Capitol Grounds (Revised 10/6/14)
United States Capitol Police Guidelines for Conducting an Event on United States Capitol Grounds (Revised 10/6/14) The guidelines described below, in accordance with the Traffic Regulations for US Capitol Grounds, are to ensure that events held inside the boundaries of US Capitol Grounds, are conducted in a manner that protects public health and safety yet ensures that the Congressional community can fulfill its legislative responsibility. Demonstration activity is defined as any protest, rally, march, vigil, gathering, assembly or similar conduct engaged in for the purpose of expressing political, social, religious or other similar ideas, views or concerns protected by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Demonstration activity is allowed in designated areas as indicated on Attachment A: the “United States Capitol Grounds Demonstration Areas Map.” Prohibited Areas: Groups of any size are prohibited from demonstrating in the following areas: 1. Inside of any Congressional Buildings 2. On the steps of the United States Capitol 3. On the steps of any building on Capitol Grounds 4. In any area otherwise closed or restricted for official use 5. In roadways or any area routinely used for vehicular traffic 6. Prohibited areas as identified in the “United States Capitol Grounds Demonstration Areas Map.” The following conditions apply to all activities occurring on U.S. Capitol Grounds and permitted by the U.S. Capitol Police Board, to ensure: 1. The safety and convenience of all people who exercise their First Amendment right to free expression 2. The safety and convenience of all people visiting Congressional Office Buildings as well as the U.S. -
Advertising "In These Imes:"T How Historical Context Influenced Advertisements for Willa Cather's Fiction Erika K
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research: English, Department of Department of English Spring 5-2014 Advertising "In These imes:"T How Historical Context Influenced Advertisements for Willa Cather's Fiction Erika K. Hamilton University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/englishdiss Part of the American Literature Commons Hamilton, Erika K., "Advertising "In These Times:" How Historical Context Influenced Advertisements for Willa Cather's Fiction" (2014). Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research: Department of English. 87. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/englishdiss/87 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the English, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research: Department of English by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. ADVERTISING “IN THESE TIMES:” HOW HISTORICAL CONTEXT INFLUENCED ADVERTISEMENTS FOR WILLA CATHER’S FICTION by Erika K. Hamilton A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: English Under the Supervision of Professor Guy Reynolds Lincoln, Nebraska May, 2014 ADVERTISING “IN THESE TIMES:” HOW HISTORICAL CONTEXT INFLUENCED ADVERTISEMENTS FOR WILLA CATHER’S FICTION Erika K. Hamilton, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2014 Adviser: Guy Reynolds Willa Cather’s novels were published during a time of upheaval. In the three decades between Alexander’s Bridge and Sapphira and the Slave Girl, America’s optimism, social mores, culture, literature and advertising trends were shaken and changed by World War One, the “Roaring Twenties,” and the Great Depression. -
Selling the Abercrombie and Fitch Image
Driessen UW-L Journal of Undergraduate Research VIII (2005) Message Communication in Advertising: Selling the Abercrombie and Fitch Image Claire E. Driessen Faculty Sponsor: Scott Dickmeyer, Department of Communication Studies ABSTRACT Advertising is a frequently used influential and persuasive means of communication, especially on teens and young adults. Abercrombie and Fitch is a corporation whose advertising methods have been controversial because of the profound effect its message has on the target audience of teens and young adults. Research found Abercrombie and Fitch used its new campaign to communicate four prevalent messages: The look of an Abercrombie & Fitch Person, The one and only Abercrombie & Fitch, The Abercrombie & Fitch life of luxury, and Not making the Abercrombie & Fitch cut. These messages were communicated through numerous venues, and persuaded consumers to purchase the products through identification with the Abercrombie & Fitch image. Keywords: content analysis, message communication, Abercrombie & Fitch, identification INTRODUCTION Less than one year ago Abercrombie & Fitch decided to remove its main form of advertising, the magalog A&F Quarterly, from the market. The controversy created around this company’s advertising is intriguing. The way a company communicates its image to consumers is an interesting method of message communication. Image by itself is “multidimensional constructs containing cognitive and emotional elements” (p. 86). Corporate image also includes “the extent to which each marketing instrument contributes to the brand image and the extent to which that image enhances desired economic behavior of markets” (p.83). Additionally it encompasses “the quality of management, corporate leadership, and employee orientation” (Haedrich, 1993, p.83). This research study will examine the messages communicated to sell the Abercrombie and Fitch image, this will be done by analyzing the messages sent through Abercrombie & Fitch’s advertising and how these messages are packaged. -
Brand Totalitarianism
2014: Brand Totalitarianism Peter S. Menell* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. ADVERTISING: USEFUL INFORMATION OR MIND CONTROL? ...... 788 A. The Psychology of Advertising ........................................... 789 B. Advertising and Children ................................................... 794 II. ADVERTISING, MEDIA, AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE ............. 798 III. PUBLIC POLICY RAMIFICATIONS OF THE EMBEDDED ADVERTISING AGE .................................................................... 808 As the Cold War commenced, George Orwell famously warned of a dystopian future in which government authorities pervasively surveil their citizens as part of an insidious system of public mind control.1 In Nineteen Eighty-Four, Big Brother, the leader of the ruling party, controls the thoughts, values, and actions of the population through technology and information. The Ministry of Truth — which dictates news, entertainment, education, and the arts — uses large, ubiquitous two-way telescreens to broadcast propaganda and monitor citizens’ activities. Orwell’s dystopian vision achieved iconic literary and political status, although its dire predictions proved exaggerated . or possibly premature.2 While leaks of the National Security Administration’s (“NSA”) clandestine PRISM mass electronic data mining program have dominated headlines and reignited sales of Nineteen Eighty-Four,3 a more gradual, but possibly comparably significant, shift in information * Copyright © 2014 Peter S. Menell. Koret Professor of Law and Director, Berkeley Center for Law & Technology, University of California at Berkeley School of Law. I thank Tup Ingram and Jenna Stokes for excellent research assistance. I thank Adam Blankenheimer, Mark Lemley, and Madhavi Sunder for comments. 1 GEORGE ORWELL, NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (1949). 2 See Lewis Beale, We’re Living ‘1984’ Today, CNN (Aug. 3, 2013), http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/03/opinion/beale-1984-now. -
Exploring the Role of Humor and Music in Radio Advertisement: a Quasi-Experimental Study on Domestic Tourist Attitudes and Behav
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Travel and Tourism Research Association: 2019 ttra International Conference Advancing Tourism Research Globally Exploring the role of Humor and Music in radio advertisement: A quasi-experimental study on domestic tourist attitudes and behavioral intentions in the UAE Quratulain Mehdi Middlesex University Dubai Cody Morris Paris Middlesex University Dubai Sreejith Balasubramanian Middlesex University Dubai Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/ttra Mehdi, Quratulain; Paris, Cody Morris; and Balasubramanian, Sreejith, "Exploring the role of Humor and Music in radio advertisement: A quasi-experimental study on domestic tourist attitudes and behavioral intentions in the UAE" (2019). Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally. 2. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/ttra/2019/research_papers/2 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Exploring the role of Humor and Music in radio advertisement: A quasi- experimental study on domestic tourist attitudes and behavioral intentions in the UAE Introduction The United Arab Emirates has emerged as a leading global tourist destination, attracting more than 20 million tourists. While much of the tourism development and attention has centered around Dubai and Abu Dhabi, several other emirates are also developing their tourism offerings. Ras Al Khamiah has recently invested heavily in the development of its tourism sector with a focus on leveraging its natural landscapes, and have directed some of the marketing focus towards attracting domestic tourists from other Emirates including Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah. -
But[T]... the Federal Communications Commission Will Not Let
WLR45-2_QUALE_EIC2_SAC_12_16_08_CQ_FINAL_REVIEW 12/18/2008 11:35:12 AM HEAR AN [EXPLETIVE], THERE AN [EXPLETIVE], BUT[T] . THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION WILL NOT LET YOU SAY AN [EXPLETIVE] COURTNEY LIVINGSTON QUALE∗ I. AN OVERVIEW Broadcast television and broadcast radio2 are integral parts of American society. So integral, in fact, that often these mediums are taken for granted. To many Americans, broadcast television and broadcast radio are one of the few free things left in life. Anyone who owns a ten dollar radio or a fifty dollar television can watch their favorite new episode of Grey’s Anatomy, Sixty Minutes, or Lost and listen to their favorite songs or commentary on KNRK, Z100, or NPR. Because broadcast television and broadcast radio are typically taken for granted, hardly anyone questions the conditions that a regulatory governmental agency places upon the organizations that ∗ J.D. Willamette University College of Law, May 2008; B.S. University of Miami, May 2005. I would like to thank those who not only have helped me with this article, but also those who have helped me reach this point in my life—a point at which my thoughts are of a publishable quality. I thank you all most kindly. From the University of Miami I want to thank Professors S.L. Harrison and Robert Stahr Hosmon, who initially cultivated any writing talent I may have. Also from Miami, I would like to thank Professors Cynthia Cordes and Danny Paskin, who have unabashedly encouraged me over years. From Willamette University College of Law I want to thank Professor Ed Harri and Rachael Rogers, again for helping me learn how to write, think, and analyze.