Cultural Resources Survey of Fuel Treatment Areas – Whiskeytown National Recreation Area
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Cultural Resources Survey of Fuel Treatment Areas – Whiskeytown National Recreation Area Prepared By: Katherine McCullough, M.Phil Department of Anthropology University of Nevada – Reno 1664 No. Virginia MS0096 Reno, Nevada 89557-0096 __________________________ Prepared For: National Park Service Whiskeytown National Recreation Area P.O. Box 188 Whiskeytown, CA 96095 June 2009 ‐ i ‐ CONFIDENTIALITY STATEMENT Information pertaining to the nature and location of archeological resources is confidential and exempt from public disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Exemption 3 (information exempted from disclosure by another statute). The locations of archeological sites are sensitive and public access to such information is restricted by law (Section 304 of the National Historic Preservation Act and Section 9(a) of the Archeological Resources Protection Act). ‐ ii ‐ MANAGEMENT SUMMARY TYPE OF PROJECT: Archeological Reconnaissance Survey, Site Assessment PROJECT PERSONNEL: Anna Yoder, Project Researcher and Field Director, University of Nevada, Reno (March 2008 – January 2009). Katherine McCullough, Project Researcher, University of Nevada, Reno (January 2009 – June 2009); Heidi Ogle, GIS Specialist, California State University, Chico. Dr. Donald Hardesty, Principal Investigator, University of Nevada, Reno. Joe Svinarich, Fire Archeologist, National Park Service. Kim Watson, Archeological Intern, National Park Service Partner. Cody Mee, Archeological Intern, National Park Service Partner. Katherine McCullough, Archeological Intern, National Park Service Partner (September 2008-December 2008). Christine Martin, Archeological Intern, National Park Service Partner. Kelly McCauley, Archeological Intern, National Park Service Partner. SUMMARY: This project is a Great Basin Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit collaboration between the University of Nevada, Reno and the National Park Service. Archeological inventory was conducted at Whiskeytown National Recreation Area for fuel management purposes pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The Field Director and archeological crew members surveyed 3,626 acres within Whiskeytown National Recreation Area. During survey, new archeological sites were recorded and previously recorded sites were relocated and assessed for inclusion in the ASMIS database. GIS and mapping support was provided by Christine Martin and Heidi Ogle at Whiskeytown NRA. Data entry and file organization were conducted by Katherine McCullough with the assistance of Christine Martin and Kelly McCauley. The project report was compiled by Katherine McCullough at Whiskeytown NRA. FUEL MANAGEMENT UNITS: Aqueduct; Brandy Creek I; Brandy Creek II; Coggins Park III; Coggins Park IV; Countyline; East Boundary; Kanaka; Lake; Mill; Monarch Mountain; Mule; Paige Bar; Panther; Pope-Ericson; Power Tower; Salt Creek; Shasta Divide II East; Shasta Divide II West; Sunshine; Upper Crystal; White Rock. TOTAL ACRES SURVEYED: 3,626 ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES UPDATED: CA-SHA-518/H, CA-SHA-519/H, CA-SHA-1701H, CA-SHA-2006, CA-SHA-2701H, CA-SHA-2746, CA-SHA-3275, CA-SHA-3278, CA-SHA-3701, and CA-SHA-3705. NEW ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES RECORDED: WHIS-2007-01; WHIS-2008-31 through WHIS-2008-45; Whiskey 107; Whiskey 117. FIELDWORK DATES: April 1, 2008-June 20, 2008; August 26, 2008-December 9, 2008; January 15, 2009-March 5, 2009. PERSON DAYS: 242 person days (2008 fieldwork); 32 person days (2009 fieldwork) ‐ iii ‐ GREAT BASIN COOPERATIVE ECOSYSTEM STUDIES UNIT SUMMARY COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NUMBER: H8R07060001 PROJECT TITLE: Cultural Resources Survey of Fuel Treatment Areas – Whiskeytown National Recreation Area TASK AGREEMENT NUMBER: J8R07080001 TASK AGREEMENT MODIFICATION: Mod 01; Effective 1/14/2008 – 12/31/2009 GB – CESU COORDINATOR: Angela Evenden, University of Nevada, Reno PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dr. Donald Hardesty, University of Nevada, Reno PROJECT RESEARCHER: Anna Yoder, University of Nevada, Reno (March 2008 – January 2009); Katherine McCullough, University of Nevada, Reno (January 2009 – December 2009) REGIONAL FIRE PROGRAM ARCHEOLOGIST: Nelson Siefkin, NPS AGREEMENT TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVE: Joe Svinarich, NPS WHISKEYTOWN FIRE MANAGEMENT OFFICER: George Chapman, NPS WHISKEYTOWN CHIEF OF CULTURAL RESOURCES: Barbara Alberti, NPS ‐ iv ‐ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A number of people were instrumental to the successful completion of this report. First, I would like to thank Dr. Donald Hardesty at the University of Nevada – Reno for his guidance and comments. Joe Svinarich and Barbara Alberti of the National Park Service were also of great help during the course of drafting this report. Their patience, understanding, and assistance certainly facilitated the completion of this report. Several interns and university contractual researchers put in hours of work on various aspects of this project and deserve sincere thanks. Thank you to Anna Yoder, Cody Mee, Kim Watson, and Kelly McCauley for hours spent in the field, especially time spent sliding down slopes and crawling through manzanita. Christine Martin and Heidi Ogle, in addition to their assistance with fieldwork, also created the beautiful maps included in this report. This report would not have been possible without the support of Christine and Heidi. ‐ v ‐ TABLE OF CONTENTS CONFIDENTIALITY STATEMENT……………………………………………………………ii MANAGEMENT SUMMARY...……………………………………………….…………………iii GREAT BASIN COOPERATIVE ECOSYSTEM STUDIES UNIT SUMMARY…….…………iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………….v TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………….……...vi LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES………………………………………...……………...……viii PROJECT OVERVIEW…….………...…………………………………………………………...1 PROJECT LOCATION……………………………………………………………………….…..3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING……………...…………………………………………………..7 CULTURAL RESOURCES OVERVIEW………………………………………………………..10 Prehistoric Background Ethnographic Background Historical Background RECORDS SEARCH…………………………………………………………………………….18 Previous Archeological Surveys National Register of Historic Places List of Classified Structures Cultural Landscape Inventory Historic GIS Evaluation RESEARCH DESIGN…………………………………………………………………………...24 Fire Impacts Survey Strategy and Coverage The 2008 Motion Fire Complex CULTURAL RESOURCES RECORDED………………………………………………………53 Previously Recorded Sites Newly Recorded Sites DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………………………62 Fire Impacts Recommendations Listing Recommendations Safety Recommendations Conclusions ‐ vi ‐ REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………...68 CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX I: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED SITES Updates to Site Forms CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX II: SITES RECORDED 2008-2009 Map of the Sites Recorded 2008-2009 Site Forms ‐ vii ‐ LISTS OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1: Map of the Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area……………………….3 Figure 2: Map of project areas for the 2008-2009 survey project……………………………………6 Figure 3: Location of Whiskeytown NRA in the State of California………………………………...7 Figure 4: Map of the traditional location of the Wintu people……………………………………..12 Figure 5: Area affected by the 2008 summer wildfires……………………………………………..26 Figure 6: Aqueduct burn unit survey coverage…………………………………………………….31 Figure 7: Brandy Creek I burn unit survey coverage………………………………………………32 Figure 8: Brandy Creek II burn unit survey coverage……………………………………………...33 Figure 9: Coggins Park III burn unit survey coverage……………………………………………..34 Figure 10: Coggins Park IV burn unit survey coverage……………………………………………35 Figure 11: Countyline burn unit survey coverage………………………………………………….36 Figure 12: East Boundary burn unit survey coverage……………………………………………...37 Figure 13: Kanaka burn unit survey coverage……………………………………………………...38 Figure 14: Lake burn unit survey coverage………………………………………………………...39 Figure 15: Mill burn unit survey coverage…………………………………………………………40 Figure 16: Monarch Mountain burn unit survey coverage…………………………………………41 Figure 17: Mule burn unit survey coverage………………………………………………………...42 Figure 18: Paige Bar burn unit survey coverage…………………………………………………....43 Figure 19: Panther burn unit survey coverage……………………………………………………..44 Figure 20: Pope-Ericson burn unit survey coverage……………………………………………….45 Figure 21: Power Tower burn unit survey coverage……………………………………………….46 Figure 22: Salt Creek burn unit survey coverage…………………………………………………...47 Figure 23: Shasta Divide II East burn unit survey coverage……………………………………….48 ‐ viii ‐ Figure 24: Shasta Divide II West burn unit survey coverage………………………………………49 Figure 25: Sunshine burn unit survey coverage……………………………………………………50 Figure 26: Upper Crystal burn unit survey coverage……………………………………………….51 Figure 27: White Rock burn unit survey coverage…………………………………………………52 Figure 28: An overhead view of the new site datum at CA-SHA-2701…………………………….55 Figure 29: View of Locus 4 in CA-SHA-3705H…………………………………………………...56 Figure 30: South Fork Mountain Lookout Road culvert…………………………………………...66 Figure 31: Lassen Park Highway culvert…………………………………………………………...66 Table 1: Results of the reassessments of previously recorded sites for ASMIS…………………….62 Table 2: Breakdown of newly recorded sites………………………………………………………63 ‐ ix ‐ PROJECT OVERVIEW This project was a collaborative effort under a Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (CESU) agreement between the National Park Service (NPS) and University of Nevada-Reno (UNR). This project included archeological reconnaissance survey of prescribed burn units and conducting site assessments for previously recorded resources. Archeological survey and site assessments were conducted pursuant to Sections 106 and 110 of the National