The State of Broadband 2018: Broadband Catalyzing Sustainable Development

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The State of Broadband 2018: Broadband Catalyzing Sustainable Development The State of Broadband: Photo Credit: Shutterstock Photo Credit: International Broadband catalyzing Telecommunication Union sustainable development Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland September 2018 ISBN 978-92-61-26421-5 9 7 8 9 2 6 1 2 6 4 2 1 5 Published in Switzerland broadbandcommission.org Geneva, 2018 THE STATE OF BROADBAND 2018: BROADBAND CATALYZING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT September 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Report has been written collaboratively, drawing on insights and contributions from a range of Commissioners and their organizations. It has been compiled and edited by the chief editor and co-author, Phillippa Biggs of ITU. Ivan Vallejo-Vall provided statistical support and data. Design concepts were developed by Ahone Njume-Ebong, Lili Gao, Laurent Ducrettet and Maynard Adea of ITU, with support from Simon de Nicola. Pierre Antoine, Dominika Ornatowska and Anna Polomska kindly assisted with research for Annex 1. We should especially like to thank Colin Mitchell and Bastiaan Quast for their review and comments. Contributions are listed in order, and under their contribution. We wish to thank the following people for their kind review (by alphabetical order of institution, followed by alphabetical order of surname): • Bharti Airtel; • Patrik Cerwall, Matilda Gennvi Gustafsson and Heather Johnson from Ericsson; • Lars-Erik Forsberg and Hanna Henrikus from the European Commission and Luukas Ilves, Katarzyna Jakimowicz and Stephanie Lepczynski from the Lisbon Council; • Chris Hemmerlein of Facebook; • Robert Kirkpatrick, Miguel Luengo-Oroz, Mila Romanoff, Josiane Toundzi Dzouankeu and Felicia Vacarelu of UN Global Pulse; • Lauren Dawes, Belinda Exelby, Joss Gillet, Natalia Pshenichnaya, Kyla Reid, Edele Sheehan & Claire Sibthorpe of GSMA; • Ivan Huang of Huawei; • Leong Keng Thai and Angela Wibawa of Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA); • Jennifer Esposito from Intel; • Stephen Spengler of Intelsat; • Piotr Dmochowski-Lipski and and Estelle Schnitzler of EUTELSAT IGO; • Renata Brazil-David and Patrick Masambu of ITSO; • Phillippa Biggs, Youlia Lozanova and Ahone Njume-Ebong of ITU; • Dr. Speranza Ndege of Kenyatta University; • Yina Ha, Byungki Oh and Ilbum of KT Corp.; • Paul Mitchell of Microsoft; • Barry French, Brahim Ghribi, Elizabeth Rojas-Levi and Marc Vancoppenolle of Nokia; • Dr. Ann Aerts of the Novartis Foundation; • Anne Carblanc, Sam Paltridge and Lorrayne Porciuncula of the OECD; • Philipp Metzger, Nicolas Rollier and Raphael Scherrer of the Swiss regulator OFCOM; • Fatima Sultan Al-Kuwari and Ali Hamad Hassan Al Sulaiti of Ooredoo; • Patrick Nyirishema and Janet Umutesi of the Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA); • Minah Ali Rahore, Sohaib Arshad, Melle Groenestege and Tomas Lamanauskas of VEON; • Andrew Arowojolu and Jennifer Suleiman of Zain Group. ISBN: 978-92-61-26421-5 (paper version) 978-92-61-26431-4 (electronic version) 978-92-61-26441-3 (eBook version) 978-92-61-26451-2 (mobile version) 2 The State of Broadband 2018 CONTENTS Executive Summary ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 1 Connecting the Unconnected ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 2 Rapidly Evolving Technologies �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������10 2.1 Mobile Broadband ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 2.2 Fixed Broadband �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������20 2.3 Internet of Things �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������25 2.4 Towards the Next Generation of Satellite Broadband ���������������������������������������������������������28 3 Evaluating Growth in Broadband Using the Commission’s Targets �����������������������������������������������34 3.1 Advocacy Target 1: Making broadband policy universal �����������������������������������������������������35 3.2 Advocacy Target 2: Making broadband affordable ��������������������������������������������������������������39 3.3 Advocacy Target 3: Getting People Online ���������������������������������������������������������������������������41 3.4 Advocacy Target 4: Digital Skills & Literacy ��������������������������������������������������������������������������43 3.5 Advocacy Target 5: Digital Financial Services ����������������������������������������������������������������������46 3.6 Advocacy Target 6: Getting businesses online ��������������������������������������������������������������������48 3.7 Advocacy Target 7: Achieving gender equality in access to broadband by 2025 ���������������51 4 Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Development �����������������������������������������������������������������56 4.1 Digital Technologies for Education ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������60 4.2 Digital Technologies for Health ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������63 4.3 Digital Technologies for the Environment ����������������������������������������������������������������������������67 5 Recommendations for Boosting Broadband ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������70 5.1 Build National Leadership for Broadband ����������������������������������������������������������������������������70 5.2 Promote Training and Measures to Stimulate Demand ������������������������������������������������������70 5.3 Benchmark and Monitor ICT Developments �����������������������������������������������������������������������71 5.4 Review Universal Service Measures, including RoW regulations ����������������������������������������71 5.5 Strengthen Digital Skills & Literacy ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������73 5.6 Support Local e-Businesses and Local Entrepreneurship ����������������������������������������������������73 5.7 Review and adapt legal frameworks to take into account digitalization �����������������������������73 5.8 Reduce taxes and Import Duties on Telecom/ICT Equipment and Services �����������������������73 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������89 The State of Broadband 2018 3 CONTENTS Tables Table 1: Estimates of the Global Market: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020 and 2021 ������������������������������������ 11 Table 2: The Main xDSL Technologies �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 24 Table 3: Different Technologies Used for IoT....................................................................................... 28 Table 4: Different Types of Data........................................................................................................... 57 Annex 1: Target 1 – List of National Broadband Policies, 2018 ����������������������������������������������������������� 74 Annex 2: Fixed-Broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2017 ������������������������������������������������� 80 Annex 3: Mobile-Broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2017 ���������������������������������������������� 82 Annex 4: Percentage of Individuals using the Internet, 2017 ������������������������������������������������������������� 84 Annex 5: Percentage of Individuals using the Internet, Developing Countries, 2017 ������������������������ 86 Annex 6: Percentage of Individuals using the Internet, LDCs, 2017 ��������������������������������������������������� 88 Figures Figure 1: The Structure of this Report ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 Figure 2: Average Connection Speeds Globally, by Country, 2018 ����������������������������������������������������� 10 Figure 3: Growth in Number of Users of Messaging and Hybrid Networks, 2011-2017 ................... 13 Figure 4: Changing Mobile Coverage, by Type of Network, 2007-2016 ��������������������������������������������� 15 Figure 5: The Total Cost of Ownership for Mobile Access Networks will Increase ����������������������������� 19 Figure 6: Data Mobile-Only Population for Urban and Rural Areas, Selected Countries, 2017 ��������� 20 Figure 7: Technology Market Share by Region, Q4 2017 �������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 Figure 8: Bandwidth and Traffic Speeds for PON �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 Figure 9: How IoT is Driving Change ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 27 Figure 10: Policy Leadership in National Broadband Plans, 2008-2018 ��������������������������������������������� 36 Figure 11: Policies on Net Neutrality, 2017 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 38 Figure 12: Who Regulates What in ICT? ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 39 Figure 13: Affordability & Broadband Prices, 2016 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 40 Figure 14: Internet User Penetration, 2017* ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
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