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Migration – a Challenge to the 21St Century the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Lublin Business School, Ltd

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Migration – a Challenge to the 21St Century the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Lublin Business School, Ltd Migration – a Challenge to the 21st Century The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Lublin Business School, Ltd. of the KUL Development Foundation Studies in Migration – vol. 1 Migration – a Challenge to the 21st Century Edited by: Maciej St. Zięba Lublin 2008 Cover design – Anna Kowalczyk Technical editorship – Tomasz Piech Peer review by: Prof. Adam Biela, Ph.D. Rev. Prof. Leon Dyczewski OFM Conv., Ph.D. Publishing within the project “Cooperation of Universities supporting the development of the Lublin and Lviv regions” of the Neighbourhood Programme Poland – Belarus – Ukraine Interreg IIIA/ Tacis 2004-2006 Project finance agreement: Nr. IG-2004/PL-UB/2.06/2.1/U-16/06 from 26 June 2006 Project Part-financed by the European Fund of Regional Development within the Neighbourhood Programme Poland-Belarus-Ukraine INTERREG IIIA/TACIS CBC Some parts of the present publication were prepared within the framework of Migralink and Migravalue projects of Interreg III B Cadses Programme of the European Union © Publishing House of Catholic University of Lublin 2008 ISBN: 978-83-7363-529-6 The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin (Poland) e-mail: [email protected] http://www.kul.lublin.pl Co-publisher: Lublin Business School Ltd. of the KUL Development Foundation Konstantynow Str. 1H 20-708 Lublin (Poland) e-mail: [email protected] http://www.lbs.pl CONTENTS Maciej St. Zięba Foreword.....................................................................................................7 I. THE PHENOMENON OF MIGRATION Maciej St. Zięba An Integrated Approach to Migration ........................................................15 Zofia Kawczyńska-Butrym Migrations – Changes of Social Position ..................................................28 II. ANALYSIS OF LABOUR MIGRATION Krzysztof Markowski Economic Aspects of Migration.................................................................37 Zofia Kawczyńska-Butrym Labour Migrations – The Quest to Enhance One’s Own Potential / Capital......................................................................................53 III. VARIOUS NATIONAL EXPERIENCES IN MIGRATION AND MIGRATION POLICY Paolo Daneluzzi Immigration in Veneto Region ..................................................................65 Dieter Behnle Migration and Foreigners at Pamina Region ............................................74 Hugues Dequick Polish Labour Immigration in France ........................................................84 Gabriela Dorvová Migration of Slovak Workers in the Enlarged European Union within the European Employment Services ..............................................90 Viola Pöltz Migrants’ Situation and Social Security in Hungary ..................................99 Volodymyr Motyl Ukrainian Policy towards Labour Migration to the EU: Legal Aspects .... 103 Vladimir Akimovich Kravchanka The Republic of Belarus: Migratory Situation ......................................... 107 Teuta Grazhdani Overview of Migration Policies, Legislation and Structures in Albania ... 111 IV. POLISH EXPERIENCE IN MIGRATION MANAGEMENT Marek Stasieńko Polish Migration Policy – Fundamental Regulations by Law .................. 123 Wiesław Adamczyk Immigration Situation in Poland in 2005 in Comparison to the Situation in Previous Years ........................................................... 128 Janusz Grzyb Polish Experience with the Free Movement of Workers in the Enlarged European Union............................................................. 134 Jadwiga Plewko Support to Migrants in Poland – Review of Issues ................................. 138 V. PERSONALIST APPROACH TO MIGRATION Zofia Kawczyńska-Butrym Migration:The Micro-Social Perspective – Individual and Family Benefits, Costs and Losses .................................................................... 147 Zbigniew Zaleski Immigration and Adaptation – For Whom Cultural Gains and Losses? .. 156 Bohdan Roznowski, Dorota Bryk The Stress of Labour Migration and Its Consequences for the System of Migrant’s Values ................................................................................. 158 Zofia Kawczyńska-Butrym Gains and Losses of the Participants of Migration – Findings of the Author’s Research ........................................................................ 183 APPENDIX Artur Kalicki “There and Back” – A Screenplay ........................................................... 195 Maciej St. Zięba* Foreword The year 2008 was proclaimed within the European Union, due to Decision No. 1983/2006/EC of the18th December 2006, as European Year of Intercultural Dia- logue with the chief components found, among others, in migration, minorities and religions1. Since 2000, on the proposal from the government of the Philippines and the Migrant Rights International organisation, the countries united in UN have celebrated the 18th of December as the International Day of Migrants (originally: International Day of Solidarity with Migrants). This day was established on the anniversary of UN’s acceptance of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (1990)2. Since 1914 the Catholic Church has celebrated Day of Emigrant, later renamed to Day of Migrant (Dies migra- toris), since 1990 to the World Day of Migrants and Refugees – according to the date stated locally, but in most cases on the second Sunday of January (in Poland some dio- ceses celebrate this day in May or June). The Pope’s addresses delivered on this occasion present elements of social science of the Church in this field3 . For example, the address of John Paul II from 9th January 2005 concerning integration among cultures, and the address of Benedict XVI from 14th January 2007 concerning the migrant family4. * Dr, History of Philosophy Department, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin. 1 See: DG EAC – Europejski Rok Dialogu Międzykulturowego (2008) – Migracja, http://www.intercul- turaldialogue2008.eu/415.0.html?&L=15, 04.12.2007; Zjednoczeni w różnorodności nie tylko w 2008 roku, Europejski Rok Dialogu Międzykulturowego 2008, Dyrekcja Generalna Zatrudnienie i Prawa Społeczne, http://ec.europa.eu/news/employment/071204_1_pl.htm, 04.12.2007; (DK): 2008 – Europejski Rok Dialogu Międzykulturowego, AKTUALNOŚCI, Departament Migracji w MPiPS, http://www.polacy.gov.pl/?1,2,167,200712, 05.01.2008. 2 Dlaczego ustanowiono Międzynarodowy Dzień Migranta, Fundacja Barka, http://www.barka.org.pl/ misja_anglia/miedzynarodowy_dzien_migranta.doc, 30.11.2006. 3 See: ORCZYKOWSKI A.: Prawa człowieka w Orędziach Ojca Świętego Jana Pawła II na Światowy Dzień Migranta, Parafia-internetowa.pl, 03.10.2006. The basic text is the apostolic constitution of the Pope Pius XII Exsul familia, of the 01.08.1952. 4 RADIO VATICANA: Papieski list na Dzień Migranta i Uchodźcy, http://www.radiovaticana.org/, 09.12.2004; RADIO WATYKAŃSKIE/KAI/J.: ‘Rodzina migrująca’ – orędzie papieża na Światowy Dzień Migranta i Uchodźcy, Portal wiara.pl, http://info.wiara.pl/wydruk.php?grupa=4&art=1168847507, 15.01.2007; Papieskie Orędzie na Dzień Migranta 2007, Kościół Rzymsko-Katolicki na Białorusi, http://catholic.by/port/pl/news/2007-01-14.htm, 18.01.2007. See also: Światowy Dzień Migranta i Uchodźcy – 13stycznia 2008, Ewangelizacja, http://www.ewangelizacja.pl/swiatowy-dzien-migranta- i-uchodzcy-13-stycznia-2008/. 7 Ombudsmen of European countries gathered on 24th September 2007 in Warsaw in order to discuss about economic migration in Europe5. In Lisbon Strategy (2001) the European Council found as one of the priorities to maintain the economic growth and employment, together with protection of a European social model through eco- nomic immigration6. Thus, on 11th January 2005 the European Commission issued the Green Paper on EU approach to the management of economic migration, and the discussion over this document has been lively till today7. In 2005 the Green Paper on the Future of the European Migration Network (EMN) was issued. Between 27.10. and 12.11.2005 a huge wave of riots broke out in the suburbs of over 300 French towns and cities (and spread also to Germany and Belgium). The riots were caused by immi- grants residing in these areas. Two years after (26-28.11 2007) another wave of unrest took place, although this time of much limited range. In a number of countries, popu- list parties participated in the elections proclaiming slogans of limiting the inflow of immigrants. The EU member states, which in 2004 established restrictions to the free movement of persons and of services from the new member states, slowly stop being afraid of a Polish plumber or of a Romanian butcher; in turn, people in Great Britain and Ireland start being anxious about what will happen if Polish workers begin return- ing their homeland in large masses. These and other similar facts prove that migration is an everyday phenomenon considered by everyone as extremely important. As a problem which we know how to deal with, although it constitutes an element of our reality. We don’t know because we don’t understand it completely. As a phenomenon which is misunderstood, it may evoke opposite (or even am- bivalent) feelings. On one hand, it is desired, because it assures a number of tasks to be completed, even though there is usually a lack of people who would like to work, it also stimulates the economic growth and maintenance of “European social model” by means of taxes and contributions made to the local systems of social
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