Bahasa Inggris

Home , Bangsawan, Gendang Beleq (dance), Kecak

Scanned by CamScanner

BAHASA INGGRIS

Berbasis Kontekstual

Dr. M. Mugni Assapari, M.Pd.B.I.

Sanksi Pelanggaran Pasal 113 Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta

1. Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomisebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf i untuk penggunaan secara komersial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 1 (satu) tahundan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp100.000.000 (seratus juta rupiah). 2. Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak dan/atau tanpa izin Pencipta ataupemegang Hak Cipta melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi Pencipta sebagaimanadimaksud dalam Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf c, huruf d, huruf f, dan/atau huruf huntuk penggunaan secara komersial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp500.000.000,00 (lima ratus juta rupiah) 3. Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak dan/atau tanpa izin Pencipta atau pemegang Hak Cipta melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi Pencipta sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf a, huruf b, huruf e, dan/atau huruf g untuk penggunaan secara komersial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp1.000.000.000,00 (satu miliar rupiah). 4. Setiap orang yang memenuhi unsur sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) yang dilakukan dalam bentuk pembajakan, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp. 4.000.000.000,00 (empat miliar rupiah).

BAHASA INGGRIS

Berbasis Kontekstual

Dr. M. Mugni Assapari, M.Pd.B.I.

iii

ISBN: 978-602-6923-94-3 14,8 x 21 cm, x + 200 hlm Cetakan Pertama, Juli 2019

Penulis : Dr. M. Mugni Assapari, M.Pd.B.I.

Pra Cetak: Hatib Rahmawan Lay Out: Awan Ridwan Cover: Hafidz Irfan

Diterbitkan oleh: SEMESTA ILMU

Alamat Penerbit: Gg. Melati No. 329, Rt 18 Rw 06, Karangsari, Rejowinangun, Kotagede, Kota Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogjakartan 55171 E-mail: [email protected] HP/WA: 085725465543

All right reserved. Semua hak cipta © dilindungi undang-undang. Tidak di- perkenankan memproduksi ulang, atau mengubah dalam bentuk apapun melalui cara elektronik, mekanis, fotocopy, atau rekaman sebagian atau se- luruh buku ini tanpa ijin tertulis dari pemilik hak cipta.

iv PREFACE

First of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of Allah, writer finished writing the English book entitled “Contextual English book 1” series for higher students could be finished. This book is complied to provide the learning materials for the students in accordance with The standard of Contents and Standard of Competence as written in the Decrees of Minister of National Educational No. 22 and 23 Year 2006. Contextual English Book 1 is designed for the purpose to improve the students skill both in Oral Cycle (listening and speaking skill) and Written Cycle (reading and writing skill). The activities in this book encourage the students to develop their competence in using English as well as their discourse and cultural levels. At the of each unit, the students are expected to be able to apply their knowledge they got before in grow up. Each semester is provided with review for semester as the tool to measure the students’ comprehension of the materials. Furthermore, they are also expected to be able to create various English types by genre based approach. The writer hopes that suggestions and comments from all learners and colleagues who use this textbook can make Be Smart for Higher Students be better in the future. Hopefully, this textbook could give optimal benefits to the all readers.

Mataram, January, -17-2019

The Writer

vi Table of Contents

PREFACE ...... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vi

UNIT 1. WELCOME TO UNIVERSITY ...... 1 A. Listening : Meeting New Students ...... 2 B. Speaking : Greeting and Farewell, Introduction, leave taking . 6 C. Reading : English Language ...... 10 D. Writing : Daily Life at Campus ...... 12 E. Vocabulary: Daily life at Campus ...... 13 F. Grammar : Past Tense ...... 15

UNIT 2. FAMILY IS EVERYTHING ...... 19 A. Listening: My Family ...... 20 B. Speaking: Telling About Family ...... 21 C. Reading: My Family and Relatives ...... 22 D. Writing: My Relatives ...... 24 E. Vocabulary: Family and Relative ...... 25 F. Grammar: Possessive Pronouns ...... 26 G. Simple Present Tense ...... 28

UNIT 3. GET INTO THE CLASSROOM ...... 33 A. Listening: My First Class ...... 34 B. Speaking: Asking for and Giving Iinformation ...... 35 C. Reading: Describing English Lesson ...... 38 D. Writing: Have Nice day ...... 40 E. Vocabulary: English Lesson ...... 41 F. Grammar: Present Continuous Tense ...... 43

vii UNIT 4. SOCIAL TRENDS ...... 47 A. Speaking: Asking for and Giving Opinion ...... 49 B. Reading: Modern Life ...... 51 C. Writing: That Life ...... 52 D. Vocabulary: Life Style ...... 53 E. Grammar: Present Tense and Future Tense ...... 54

UNIT 5. IT’S THE HAPPIEST DAY ...... 59 A. Listening: Happy Birthday ...... 60 B. Speaking: Expression of Happiness, Wishes and Hope ...... 62 C. Ecpression Of Hope Or Wish ...... 63 D. Reading: Holidays ...... 65  Eid Al –Fitri ...... 65  Eid Al – Adha ...... 67 E. Writing: Happy’s Day ...... 68 F. Vocabulary: Holidays ...... 69 G. Grammar Focus: Adverbial Clause ...... 71

Unit 6. ENGLISH FOR TOURISM ...... 75 A. Listening: World tourist destinations ...... 76 B. Speaking: Asking About and Giving Direction ...... 77 C. Reading: English for Tourism & Travel ...... 79 D. Writing: Local Food Halal NTB Destinations ...... 83 E. Vocabulary: English for Tourism ...... 85 F. Grammar: Adverb Of Place ...... 88

UNIT 7. ENGLISH AREA ...... 91 A. Listening: College Life...... 92 B. Speaking: Making and Responding to Request ...... 94 C. Reading: At the Library ...... 97 D. Writing: Studying English ...... 98 E. Vocabulary: College Life ...... 100 F. Grammar: Simple Present Tense, Adverbs of Degree ...... 101 viii UNIT 8. HEALTH ...... 103 A. Listening: Section ...... 104 B. Speaking: Talking about Like and dislike ...... 105 C. Reading: Health Tips ...... 106 D. Writing: Benefit of fasting ...... 108 E. Vocabulary: Health Care ...... 111 F. Grammar: Gerund, Infinitives + Verb Ing ...... 113

UNIT 9. POLITICS ...... 121 A. Listening: Religion And Politics ...... 122 B. Speaking: Expressing a Denial Fact ...... 124 C. Reading: The Coming of Islam in Indonesia ...... 126 D. Writing: Islam and Democracy ...... 131 E. Vocabulary: Coming of Islam ...... 132 F. Grammar: Past Participle ...... 135

UNIT 10. ENTERTAINMENTS ...... 139 A. Listening: Going to Watching Gendang Bele ...... 140 B. Speaking: Talking about Favorite Things ...... 142 C. Reading: Indonesian Movie ...... 143 D. Writing: My Favorite Film ...... 144 E. Vocabulary: Entertains Vocabulary ...... 145 F. Grammar: Adverb of Time ...... 148

UNIT 11. I’M SORRY TO HEAR THAT ...... 158 A. Listening Section ...... 154 B. Speaking Section ...... 155 C. Reading Section ...... 157 D. Writing Section ...... 159 E. Vocabulary Section ...... 160 F. Grammar Section ...... 162

ix UNIT 12. EDUCATION ...... 165 A. Listening: I Go to College ...... 166 B. Speaking: Expressing Capability/inability...... 167 C. Reading: English as an International Language ...... 169 D. Writing: English First ...... 171 E. Vocabulary: English as an International language ...... 174 F. Grammar: Modal and Infinitives ...... 176

UNIT 13 THE DIGITAL AGE ...... 181 A. Listening: Technology ...... 182 B. Speaking: Talking about Cause and Effect ...... 184 C. Reading: The Internet and The ICT ...... 188 D. Writing: The Advantages ICT In English Learning ...... 189 E. Vocabulary: ICT ...... 192 F. Grammar: ...... 193  Past Simple ...... 193  Past Continuous ...... 193  Past perfect ...... 194

REFERENCES ...... 197 BIOGRAFI PENULIS ...... 199

x UNIT 1 WELCOME TO UNIVERSITY!

Learning Objective Having finished learning this unit, the students are able to:  To get information from the text

 To answer the questions based on the text

 To tell the classroom activities  Apply the expression in interpersonal conversation for daily communication  To surmise the meaning of some sentences contextually  To read the text loudly and correctly Grammar Intact  Past tense

1 INTRODUCTION In everyday life, we sometimes meet new people in a party, in an office, in a public transportation, etc. Greeting and introducing ourselves to the people who we meet with are two ways of starting a conversation. In this case, we often share or give personal information one another.

A. WARM UP A Pair work These people are meeting for the first time. Are they making good first impressions?

Meeting New Students

1. Listening Learning objectives  Listen to the conversation carefully .  The students are able to give response to the expression of introduction.  The students are able to give response to the expression of greeting.  The students are able to give response to the expression of greeting, introduction, and parting, and leave taking.  The student are able to retell about their past experience.

2. Let’s Role Play Task 1. Pre-Listening Look at the picture below

Introduce yourself and your friends

He is name : Ary She is name : Hikmah

Picture 1.1

Ary : Hi, Dedy. How are you? Dedy : Hi, Ary. I'm fine, thanks. Ary : Dedy, this is Hikmah.

Dedy : Hi, Hikmah, I'm Dedy. Hikmah : Hi. How are you?. Dedy : I'm fine, thanks. Where are you from, Hikmah? Hikmah : I'm from west Lombok. Where are you from? Dedy : I'm from East Lombok. Nice to meet you. Hikmah: Nice to meet you too.

Task 2. Listen to the dialogue

Ary : Hikmah, this is my good friend and colleague, Dedy. Hikmah : I am pleased to meet you.1) Dedy : Pleased to meet you too. Are you and Sumarni know each : other long? Hikmah : We are friends from Mataram Islamic Studies college. Dedy : Oh yeah? Are you from Bandung too? Hikmah : No. I am a native Sasak Lombok. Dedy : Well, it seems like both of us native Sasak Lombok. Where do : you live? Hikmah : In Udayana Street. Dedy : We are neighbors, then. Ary : Yeah, both of you could do your morning walk together. Dedy and Hikmah : Why not?

“The people in the first picture are making

a good first impression”

Picture 1.2

Look at the picture below and answer the question with your classmates 1. A new student has come into the class, what are three things that you can do to become friends with them? 2. Where does the conversation take place? 3. How to introduce other friends?

5 B. Speaking Read and learn the expression

English Greetings Leave-taking  Hi!  Bye!  Hello!  See you!  What's up?  See you tomorrow!  What's new?  See you latter  How's it going?  See you next weak  How do you do?  Good bye  Nice to meet you.  Have a nice night  Good morning. How are you today?  Good afternoon. How's everything?  Good evening. How have you been? Introducing yourself Introducing other I ‘ m…  May I introduce ...... to My name is… you? Please call me…  Mrs Hand, may I Can/ May I introduce myself? My introduce my boss, Mr name’s Abib… Ary Let me introduce myself. My  Can/ May I introduce a name’s … good friend of mine? I’d like to introduce myself. I’m … This is … . .  Have you met … ?

6 I don’t think we’ve met. I’m … .  I’d like you to meet … .  I want you to meet … . Other information  Where are you from?  Where do you live?

General greetings (Formal) 1. Hello! 2. How are you? 3. How are you doing? 4. How is everything? 5. How’s everything going? 6. How have you been keeping? 7. I trust that everything is well. General greetings (Informal) 1. Hi. 2. What’s up? 3. Good to see you. 4. How are things (with you)? 5. How’s it going? 6. How’s life been treating you? Greeting a person you haven’t seen for a long time (Formal) 1. It has been a long time. 2. It’s been too long. 3. What have you been up to all these years? 4. It’s always a pleasure to see you. 5. How long has it been? 6. I’m so happy to see you again.

7 Greeting a person you haven’t seen for a long time (Informal) 1. How come I never see you? 2. It’s been such a long time. 3. Long time no see. 4. Where have you been hiding? 5. It’s been ages since we last met

Parting/leave taking Parting is an expression used for leaving somebody, like saying ‘goodbye’ these are some expression in parting Formal Informal  Goodbye, Prof./  Bye Dr./dr./Mr/Mrs….(last  So long name)  See you  I hope to see you again someone. Latter  Have a nice….vocation, Tomorrow weekend, evening In class  I really must be going At 3 0’clock  I’ve go to go

Look at the example dialogue about parting/leave taking below and practice with your friend. Dialogue 1 Ardi : Hello Dika. Good afternoon (Halo Dika. Selamat siang) Dika : Good afternoon Ardi. Where are you going? (Selamat siang Ardi. Kamu mau kemana?)

8 Ardi : I’m going to the bookstore. Would you like to accompany me? (Aku mau pergi ke toko buku. Maukah kamu menemaniku?) Dika : No, Sorry. I have to go home right now. (Tidak, Maaf aku harus pulang ke rumah sekarang juga) Ardi : Oh, okay. Good bye. (Oh, baiklah. Selamat tinggal) Dika : Good bye Ardi. (Selamat tinggal Ardi)

Task 1. Now Introduce yourself to your friends and others. Use the expressions above that have been discussed.

Introduce yourself to your friends

9 Dialogue 1: Examples

Sumarna : Hello. I am Sumarna Andi : Andi! Nice to meet you Sumarna : Nice to meet you, too. Where do you stay? Andi : I stay at Hotel Indonesia Astoria in street Udayana, Sumarna : Our hotel is across the street from each other. I stay at : Grant Lombok Raya Hotel Andi : How will you go to the meeting tomorrow?

Sumarna : I will take a taxi

Andi : I drive my car. We can go together to tomorrow’s meeting. Andi : That is a good idea. I will wait for you in front of the hotel at 08:00 am. Sumarna : Great. See you tomorrow

C. Reading English language Task1. Read and study the following text below Language is important because it's one of the main ways to communicate and interact with other people around us. It keeps us in contact with other people. English language is an example for the importance of a language because it is the international language and has become the most important language to people in many parts of the world. It is most widely used in communicating around the world, Also it is spoken as the first language in many countries. English is playing a major role in many sections like education, medicine, engineering and

10 business. There are many reasons that makes English is the most important language in the world. The article lists four reasons why English is important the first reason is that even though English is not an official language around the world but it is the most common language is used to communicate around two billion uses regularly. The second reason is that learning English is very important and necessary for the business world, researchers’ show that cross-border business communication is in English and learning it changes our lives. Moving to the third point English is mostly used in publishing books, making films, music and a lot of entertaining things. The last reason is that 50% of the information on the internet is available in English by knowing it can be easy to access in any website. At the end it says that although learning English is challenging and take much time, but it is valuable and gives more…

Taken from. www.bartleby.com 1. What does the text tell you about? 2. What tense is used in the text above? 3. What is used by the writer to link the sentences in each event?

11 D. Writing Daily Life at Campus

Image taken from UIN Mataram 2018

When I have morning class, I go to campus and study in the class. I often wait for a next class in the campus. I occasionally have my lunch at canteen in my campus. I join some student organizations in the campus. I spend my free time to do some activities related to organizations. We have monthly meetings to discuss some events. At home, I finish all tasks as soon as possible so I can sleep early. I usually go to sleep at 10 p.m. after brushing my teeth. Taken from www.englishcoo.com

12 Task 2. Look at the picture and write down a short paragraph about your classmates. Use information from the picture above ......

E. Vocabulary Enrich Your Vocabulary!  in a boarding house → dalam rumah sewaan atau kosan  wake up earlier than all friends → bangun lebih awal dari semua teman  on road near the house → di jalan raya dekat rumah  jogging makes my body healthy → jogging membuat tubuh saya sehat.  one pack of yellow rice → sebungkus nasi kuring  often wait for a next class → sering kali menunggu kelas selanjutnya  occasionally → terkadang  some student organizations → beberapa organisasi mahasiswa  finish all tasks as soon as possible → menyelesaikan semua tugas secepat mungkin

13 Task 1. Complete the sentences correctly with the correct words in below

Students Daily Life Every day, I …… when my alarm clock rings. I immediately …….. because I'm usually hungrySo, I go to the kitchen Ana I……….As the clock strikes seven, I go to the bathroom do ………...Then, I ……….. in my bedroom. I go back to the bathroom and I …….. some make up. Before putting on some lipstick, I always brush my teeth. I'm almost ready now, but I ……….. before I go out of the bathroom. Then, I go to my study, and I take my ………. and my laptop. It's seven thirty: I'm ready …….. home.

 Wake up  Comb my hair  Have a shower  Have breakfast  Get up  Put on  To leave  Schoolbag  Get dressed

14 F. Grammar focus Past tense is the form of a verb used to describe action in the past 1. Simple past The Rule of Simple Past Tense Bentuk Rumus Simple Past Tense Contoh Kalimat

Positif  Subject + verb 2 + object  We attended the festival (+)  Subject + to be last week (was/were)  She was absent + adjective/adverb yesterday Negatif  Subject + did not +  We did not attend the (-) infinitive verb + object festival last week  Subject + was/were + not  She was not absent + adjective/adverb yesterday Interrogative  Did + subject + infinitive  Did they attend the (?) verb + object? festival last week?  Was/were + subject +  · Was she absent adjective/adverb? yesterday?

Use of Simple Past  action in the past taking place once, never or several times Example: He visited his parents every weekend  actions in the past taking place one after the other Example: He came in, took off his coat and sat down  action in the past taking place in the middle of another action Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang

15  if sentences type II (If I talked, …) Example: If I had a lot of money, I would share it with you

Look at the picture by examples

Source: www.englishcoo.com

2. Menyatakan hal yang terjadi di masa lampau (finished time) a. He met President Jokowi in the evacuee camp a few days ago. (Ia bertemu dengan Presiden Jokowi di tenda pengungsi beberapa hari yang lalu.) b. Yesterday they were tired so they went to bed early. (Kemarin mereka lelah sehingga mereka tidur lebih awal.) c. We didn’t play tennis last Sunday because we went to Nusa Dua Festival (Kami tidak bermain tenis hari Minggu lalu karena kami pergi ke Festival Nusa Dua.)

16 3. Menyatakan hal yang telah terjadi dan tak ada hubungannya dengan sekarang a. We saw Darmawan in town a few weeks ago. (Kami melihat Darmawan di kota beberapa minggu yang lalu). Jadi sekarang nggak tahu apa dia masih di kota atau tidak. b. The window was open and a bird flew into the room. (Jendela terbuka dan seekor burung terbang ke dalam ruangan.) 4. Memberi informasi tentang sesuatu yang telah terjadi (Present Perfect) kemudian berlanjut membicarakannya (Simple Past) Kalimat bergaris bawah adalah Simple Past Tense Anne : Look! Somebody has spilt coffee on the floor. Who did that? (Lihat! Seseorang telah menumpahkan kopi di lantai) Bryan : It wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. (Bukan aku. Aku tidak melakukannya) Anne : Who did it then? (Lalu siapa yang melakukannya? Bryan : I think Charley did it. He made a cup of coffee about an hour ago. (Aku pikir Charley melakukannya. Ia membuat kopi sejam yang lalu) Anne : Hm… let me ask Charley (Hm.. biar kutanya Charley)

Simple past- Exercise Task 1. Change the verb into the correct form : 1. Barbara ...... (eat) the whole cake last night 2. I ...... (save) some money last year 3. You ...... (give) me all the books yesterday 4. I ...... (come), I ...... (see), I ...... (leave) 5. They ...... (drink) too much

17 6. We ...... (be) very happy together 7. The cat ...... (jump) on the tree, and the bird ...... (fly) away 8. We always ...... (cook) together 9. She ...... (arrive) in 1978 10. Emily and Edward ...... (meet) in Paris 11. Peter ...... (change) his name many years ago.

UNIT 2 FAMILY IS EVERYTHING

Learning Objective

Having finished learning this unit, the students are able to :  To get information from the text  To answer the questions based on the text  To tell the classroom about the family  Apply the expression in interpersonal conversation for daily communication about family life  Apply the expression in transactional conversation for daily communication about family life  To surmise the meaning of some sentences contextually  To read the text loudly and correctly

Grammar Intact  Possessive pronouns  Simple Present Tense (verb-form)

My Family Members

Taken on Desember-20-2018

A. Listening Task 1. Pre- Listening Look at the picture and Listen carefully to these conversations

Faqih : Hi. My name's Faqih. Nice to meet you Rozi : Nice to meet you, too. My name is Rozi Faqih : What? Rozi : Fahrurrozi, but all my friends and family back in Lombok call me Rozi Faqih : Okay, Rozi. So, tell me about your family?

Rozi : Well, I have four brothers and one sisters Faqih : Wow. That is a big family. So are you the oldest, Rozy? Rozy : No. I'm the second oldest in my family Faqih : So, what do your parents do? Rozi : My father is a teacher in SDN 2 Lombok, It's a enjoy occupation, but he works hard to support the family Faqih : How about your mother? Rozi : She helps run a small family store with some of my older brothers and sisters Faqih : What kind of store? Rozi : We mainly sell food, like bread, eggs, soft drinks, rice, sugar, and cookies. Things that people buy every day

B. Speaking Telling About Family Teks 1. Conversation

Taken from Sasak Family in Lombok on Desember-20-2018

Ihsan : Long time no see. How is your family, Herman? Herman : We’re fine, thanks. My wife is now teaching in a high school in this city. I am working as a salesman. And we have two children already. How about you? Ihsan : Well, I am not married yet. My girlfriend is not ready. Now, I am busy with my business Herman : How is your father? Are you still living with him? Ihsan : As you know, he’s suffered from heart attacks. Yeah, I am still living with him. I don’t want to leave him in such a condition Herman : I am sorry. By the way Herman, my train is coming. See you next time Ihsan : See you

C. Reading Task 1. Read the passage about family and relative below

Wahyu Family My family is the best family that I have ever known. I am feeling so grateful to have such a nice and lovely family. My family consists 5 people. It is a small family. There are my father, my mother, my younger sister, my little brother, and me in my family. My family is a lovely family. My father’s name is Wahyu. He is about 46 years old. He is a calm and kind father that I have ever had. He likes to play with his children and always helps his children when we need his help. My mother is the best one. Her name is Wati. He is about 44 years old. She is an independent woman and is also a loving mother. Moreover, she is a humorous person. The food that she cooks is the best and is really

22 delicious. Then, I have one younger sister and one little brother. My sister’s name is Septi. She is about 17 years old. She is about 3 years old younger than me. She just enrolled in a university. She is my lovely sister because I like to share my thoughts to her and also do our hobbies together, such as watching movies and trying new recipes. While my little brother’s name is Azka. He is only 5 years old. He is very cute and sweet. He is the one that makes me forget the feeling of tired I feel after having such an exhausted day at school. He likes to open my laptop and play English dictionary. He is very cute. My father, mother, sister, brother, and I like to have a quality time together. The time of gathering together with my family members are the best and cannot be replaced with anything else. We like to spend our time doing many things together, such as going to zoo, swimming, watching movies at cinema together, or doing little things together at home, such as having lunch or dinner together in the dining room, watching television together, or just having a small talk together. Besides, my father always reminds every family member to perform prayers together. I really love it when I perform prayer together with my family with my father as Imam. I feel so blessed to have such a nice and lovely family with every family member who loves and cares about me as I love and care about them as well. I am feeling so much grateful and I do and will always love my family. http://www.excellentesl4u.com/esl-family- members-reading

Task 2. According the paragraphs, Discusse these questions with your classmates a. Find –out the title of paragraph. b. How many people are involved in the conversation below?

D. Writing Task 1. Write down what you can see in the picture. 2.3

Taken from NTB Governor home stay. On Mei 2018

......

E. Vocabulary Task 1: Enrich Your Vocabularies Family and Relative Below

Family : Keluarga Cousin : Saudara sepupu Wife : Istri Nephew : Kemenakan laki-laki Husband : Suami Niece : Keponakan perempuan Parent : Orang Tua Grandchild : Cucu Father : Ayah Grandson : Cucu laki – laki Mother : Ibu Grand : Cucu perempuan daughter Son : Anak laki-laki Relatives : Kerabat /sanak / saudara Daughter : Anak Step mother : Ibu tiri perempuan Child : Anak Step father : Ayah tiri Baby : Bayi Parent-in-law : Mertua Grand : Kakek Sister-In-law : Ipar perempuan father Grand : Nenek Father-in-law : Ayah mertua mother

Task 2. Complete the sentences with the words below  looking out for • obviously • chores - gene • fit • strangers 1. Top of Form

2. He runs every day. He is very .

3. My dad is always out for me.

4. He is not happy. He looks mad.

5. You can meet when you travel.

6. He has the smart in the family.

7. I did not finish all my .Bottom of Form

F. Grammar Possessive Pronouns and Simple Present Tense Possessive Pronouns

Subject Pronouns I you he she it we you they

Adjectives my your his her its our your their Possessive Pronouns mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

Review:

Subject Possessive Possessive Reflexive Object Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns

I my mine myself me

you your yours yourself you

he his his himself him

she her hers herself her

it its its itself it

we our ours ourselves us

you your yours yourselves you

they their theirs themselves them

Task 1. Do the exercises below on possessive pronouns Before doing the exercises you may want to read the lesson on possessive pronouns Find the right possessive pronoun :

Personal Pronoun Possessive Pronoun

1. I

2. you

3. he

4. she

5. it

6. we

7. you

8. they

G. Simple Present Tense Simple Tense The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal. We use the present tense : The rule forms Affirmative Negative Question I I am. I am not. Am I? he/she/it He is. He is not. Is he? you/we/they You are. You are not. Are you? The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb: 1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add - ES in the third person a. go - goes b. catch - catches c. wash - washes d. kiss - kisses e. fix - fixes f. buzz - buzzes 2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES a. marry - marries b. study - studies c. carry - carries d. worry – worries

NOTE : For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S. a. play – plays b. enjoy – enjoys c. say – says 3. Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).  Affirmative: You speak French. Negative : You don't speak French. You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject is I, you, we or they.  Affirmative: He speaks German. Negative: He doesn't speak German. When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the negative sentence. We will see the reason why below. 4. Negative Contractions Don't = Do not Doesn't = Does not I don't like meat = I do not like meat. There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English 5. Word Order of Negative Sentences The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present Tense using Don't or Doesn't

don't/ The Rest of Subject Verb doesn't the sentence

I / you / we / they don't have / buy cereal for he / she / it doesn't eat / like etc. breakfast Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc. Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't: a. You don't speak Arabic b. John doesn't speak Italian c. We don't have time for a rest d. It doesn't move e. They don't want to go to the party f. She doesn't like fish 6. Word Order of Questions with Do and Does The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does. The Rest of the Do/Does Subject Verb sentence I / you / we / have / Do they need a new bike? want Does he / she / it etc. Examples of Questions with Do and Does:

a. Do you need a dictionary? b. Does Mary need a dictionary? c. Do we have a meeting now? d. Does it rain a lot in winter? e. Do they want to go to the party? f. Does he like pizza?

Task 1. English Grammar Games 1. ------is the best national day in the world a. Our c. Their b. Your d. Ours 2. I know you have lost your keys so you can take ------today a. Mine c. Its b. My d. Our 3. I’m going to put my winnings in the bank. What would you like to do with -----? a. You c. Your b. Its d. It’s 4. Dose this wallet belong to you? a. No, it’s your c. Yes, it is my b. No, it’s his d. Yes, it’s her

32 UNIT 3 GET INTO THE CLASSROOM

Learning objective

 The students are able to respond to the interpersonal /transactional conversation for daily communication.  Identify information about campus  The students are able to express the expression giving information

Grammar intact  Present Continuous Tense

My First Class

Taken from UIN Mataram on Agustus 2018

A. Listening Task 1. Look at the picture and listen carefully Conversation Habib : Hi. I’m Habib. What’s your name? Hazbullah : Hello. My name’s Hazbullah Habib : Nice to meet you, Jing. What class are you in? Hazbullah : I’m in class 1B. And you? Habib : Me too. I’m in Class 1B too Hazbullah : Who’s our lecturer? Habib : Mr Ary’s

34 Hazbullah : And where’s our classroom? Habib : This way. Come with me Hazbullah : OK. Great

B. Speaking Task 1. Look at the picture and discuses with your friends

Askin g for Information

Taken from Mataram University On Agustus 2018

35 Task 2. Let’s practice ! How to ask for information in English with your group Asking For And Giving Information

 Can you tell me...?  Could you tell me...?  I'd like to know...  Do' you know...  (Got / Have you) any idea...?  Could anyone tell me...?

 (Do / Would) you happen to know...?

 I don't suppose you (would) know...?  I wonder if you could tell me...?  I wonder if someone could tell me...?  I’m looking for..  Have you got an idea of..?  Could you find out…?  Would you happen to know..?

1. Can you tell me…? 2. Could you tell me…? 3. I’d like to know… 4. Do you know… 5. Do you have any idea…? 6. Could anyone tell me…? (use this phrase when asking a group of people) 7. Would you happen to know…? 8. I don’t suppose you (would) know…? 9. I was wondering… 10. I’m calling to find out… (use this phrase on the telephone) 11. Do you happen to know…? 12. Could you find out…? 13. Could you give me some idea of… 14. I’m interested in… 15. I’m looking for.. 16. Have you got an idea of….? 17. Don’t suppose you (would) know…? 18. I wonder if you could tell me…? 19. I wonder if someone could tell me…?

Task 3. Practice the dialogue below with your friend Dialogue 1. Asking for Information :  Could you tell me how to get to the bus station?  Do you know that old man?  Do you know how much is this car costs?

37  Do you happen to know where to buy an umbrella?  Can you tell me what the time is?  I’d like to know your name.  I’d like to know what you think about this idea.  I wonder if you could tell me why the meeting was canceled.  Do you have any idea how to use this machine?  Could you find out where she lives?  I’m looking for a book about gardening.

C. Reading Task 1. Read and learn the paragraph below. Then, discuss with your friends. Describing English Lesson!

My Favorite Subject

My favorite subject in school is English. It is quite easy and pleasant to study it. English is used in each field of life and it is useful to know it. Most of web sides are in English. It is nice to be able to use such a sides like yahoo, msn and English Wikipedia. I can get a lot of information and news, which are not available on polish sides. Next plus: I can use English books and magazines. Sometimes I like to download e-books and magazines in pdf. It is effectively way to study English in home. Using English I can communicate with many peoples. I can use Skype and ICQ to talk and chat and get new contacts. I can use many applications and play games. I have used Windows XP and Office for two months and it was quite easy.

38 Most of movies are in English. I like to watch them without subtitles. If I can I always switch the polish dubbing off ? I hate it. The last advantage to know English is I can talk with all people talking English. This holidays when I was in Gdańsk somebody asked all people? Do you speak English?? Everybody talked? No? and? Nie wiem o co chodzi? When she came to me and asked the question? Do you speak English?? I could say? Yes, how can I help you?? She told ?How can I get to the bus station? I told? Can you see this building? The station is behind it. Please go this way? She smiled to me and walked away. I was happy that I could help. As you can see English is useful in life. All of us study it in everyday situations and activities. The language is quite simple and logic. I use it all the time. This is why I like English and it is my favorite subject in school. Taken from http://www.english-for-students.com

39 D. Writing Have Nice Day

Feeling Happy for some one

Picture 3.4 taken from Udayana garden on November 2018

Task 1. Look at the picture, and explore your knowledge using English well to make short paragraph with the pictures?

…………………………………………………………..…………… …………………………………………………………..…………… …………………………………………………………..…………… …………………………………………………………..…………… …………………………………………………………..…………… …………………………………………………………..…………… …………………………………………………………..……………

40 E. Vocabulary Task 1. Learn the vocabulary and add more words Characteristics (Sifat)

 clever : pintar  diligent : rajin  kind : baik hati  nice : menyenangkan  intelligent : cerdas  lazy : malas  patient : sabar  smart : cerdas  talented : bertalenta  attracted : menarik  cheerful : ceria  happy : senang  helpful : penolong  hard worker : pekerja keras  honest : jujur  handsome : tampan  beautiful : cantik  cute : manis  easy going : tenang, segala sesuatu dibuat mudah  pretty : cantik

Task 2. Look at the pictures below and study the words provided in the box 1. Audience 2. Students 3. Hand out 4. Speak English 5. Gesture 6. Introduction 7. Facial Expression

Please Improve Your English

Taken from UIN Mataram on Agustus 2018

Classroom Activities

Taken from google image.com

1. Learner 6. English Dialogue 2. Lecturer 7. Giving Information 3. Asking 8. Making Question 4. Interruption 9. Answer the Question 5. Best Teacher 10. Smart

42 F. Grammar focus 1. Present continuous tense Rumus Present Continuous + - ? S + To Be + NOT + S + To Be + V-ing To Be + S + V-ing V-ing Example Example Example I am reading I am not sleeping Am i sleeping? She is writing She is not reading Is she writing? They are sleeping They are not writing Are they reading? Conversation 1 Mark : Hey, Nari, Where are you going? Nari : I am going to the office Mark : What? You work on weekends? Nari : No, I don’t work on weekends Mark : So, why are you going to the office on Sunday? Nari : What? Sunday? Mark : Yeah Nari : What day is it today? Sunday? Mark : Yes, today is Sunday Nari : Oh, no. I woke up very late this morning I think I’ve lost my mind Mark : It’s okay. Most people have ever experienced it

43 Conversation 2

Muti’ah : Are you cooking spaghetti? Yanty : No, I am not cooking spaghetti. I am making fried rice, your favorite food Muti’ah : Oh, thanks Yanty : You’re welcome. Hm, do you want to eat spaghetti? Muti’ah : Fried rice and spaghetti together? Are you joking? Both of them contain carbohydrates. You know, I am trying to lose weight Yanty : That’s not what I mean. I am asking about tomorrow. You probably want to eat spaghetti tomorrow. I can make it if you want to Muti’ah : Oh, sorry Nathan. I thought you want me to be fat. Ha ha! Yanty : No problem. By the way, you’re beautiful, just the way you are Muti’ah : Oh, thanks, Nathan Yanty : You’re welcome, Muti’ah. I am saying the truth

Task 1. Fill in the blanks with a present simple or present continuous tense form 1. I …………….. my homework. 2. She ………….as a receptionist. 3. He is …………… with his parents at the moment. 4. I always ………….at 6 o’clock.

44 5. He is busy at the moment. He ………… to a friend. 6. I’m sorry but I …………………. what you mean. 7. You eat too much fat food. 8. Which TV channel ……………………………? 9. What time ………… the train ……………? 10. How often …………… to the movies? 11. What ………………at the moment? 12. I usually …………. early on Mondays.

a. am doing h. is talking b. works i. don’t understand c. get up j. is talking d. is staying k. do you usually watch e. does l. arrive f. do you go m. are you doing g. get up

46 UNIT 4 SOCIAL TRENDS

Learning objective

 The students are able to respond to the transactional and interpersonal conversation using expressions opinions  The students are able to identify the main information about social trend  Apply the expression in interpersonal conversation for daily communication

Grammar intact

 Present tense

 Future tense

47 Life Style

http://hilmansky.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/life-style.jpg

Task 1. Listen and read the dialogue!

Dialogue 1: Planning the shopping Hurlina : I'm going to the shops in a minute. What do we need? Faqih : We're okay for vegetables but we should stock up on meat. Can you go to the butcher's and get some veal and some beef? Hurlina : No problem. We also need bread, so I'll go to the baker's I'll get some vol au vents* for Victor's birthday bash* on

Friday. We'll need balloons for that too.

Faqih : Better visit the supermarket then. We'll need some other things for the party. Get some vanilla ice cream, some butter and some vinegar and twelve bottles of beer. Hurlina : Okay. The library's beside the baker's. I'd better take back the videos we borrowed last week. They're overdue. Faqih : I'll see you later then. Hurlina : Bye! I'll be back before seven.

Task 2. Answer the question? a. What do you think about this picture? b. What the main idea about the dialogue? c. Can you guess what are they doing?

A. Speaking Task 1. Read and learns the expression There are at least 3 ways to give a personal opinion.

1. We can express a 2. We can express our 3. We can express a strong opinion opinion neutrally subjective opinion

49 “I’m absolutely “I think…” “In my experience…” convinced that…” “I feel that…” “I don’t know about “I’m sure that…” “In my opinion…” other people, but I can “I strongly believe “As far as I’m say…” that…” concerned…” “What I’ve found is…” “I have no doubt “In my view…” “As I see it…” that…” “I tend to think that…” “There’s no doubt in “I suppose that…” my mind that…” “It seems to me that…” “I must admit that I’m not sure…” 1. We can express a strong opinion For Example : 1. I’m absolutely convinced that the best way to improve your English is to live in an English-speaking country such as the US.” 2. It’s obvious to me that the best way to improve your English is by using English, not studying English.” 2. We can express our opinion neutrally For Example : a. As far as I understand it, you need to practice on a regular basis if you want to improve your English.” b. It seems to me that there is no best way to learn English. Each person has to find a strategy or method that works for them.” 3. We can express a subjective opinion For Example a. I don’t know about other people, but I can say that taking English classes helped me to improve my English.”

50 b. In my experience, watching and listening to films and TV in English can really help.” Task 2. Look at the pictures practice and discuses with your group. How to asking for and giving opinion about these pictures

Taken from www.google.com

B. Reading Task 1. Read and study the following text below I am happy. I have many friends. I have a large family. I have four brothers and four sisters. I am in the middle. Four brothers are older than me. Four sisters are younger than me. I go to school. I am in the sixth grade. I like my teachers. My teachers like me. I have friends in every class. My favorite class is history. I like to read about history. History is a story about our past. Soon we will all be history. Then kids in school will read about us. I hope they like our stories. My best friend is Bobby. Bobby and I do many things together. We swim together. We play

51 basketball together. We ride our bikes together. I have many other friends. We all go to the mall on weekends. We go to movies. We go to restaurants. We tell jokes. We laugh. We have fun. Life is great.

A. What does the text tell you about? B. What tense is used in the text above? C. Tell what happened, in what sequence?

C. Writing Task 1. Look at the picture. Answer the question

1. What are they going to do? 2. Where does the picture take place?

Task 2. Look at the picture and write down a short paragraph about your classmates. Use information from the picture above ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………

52 D. Vocabulary Task 1. Add your Vocabulary

House hold : Rumah tangga Adult : Dewasa Welfare : Kesejahteraan Inheritance : Warisan Prosperous : Makmur Living death : Hidup merana Sadness : Kesedihan Life-style : Gaya hidup Responsible : Bertanggung jawab Scum : Sampah masyarakat Juneville : Remaja Society : Masyarakat Teenager : Remaja Aristocrat : Ningrat, bangsawan Youth, youngster : Pemuda Privilege : Harga diri Jenuvile-deliquency : Kenakalan Descendent : Keturunan remaja Street people : Tuna wisma Associate : Bergaul Unemployment : Pengangguran Broken home : Rumah tangga rusak Acquaintance : Kenalan Custom : Adat Wealth : Orang kaya Habit : Kebiasaan Relationship : Hubungan Contribute : Sumbangan Influence : Pengaruh Extrafagant : Boros Side – effect : Efek samping Condelance : Duka cita Aware : Sadar Pay a condolence call : Melayat Failure : Kegagalan Cheat on : Berselingkuh/ serong Thanksgiving : Syukuran Boast : Pamer Go - between : Mak comblang

Task2. Vocabulary Practice

Words Meaning 1. Collect the money …………………………… 2. Shopping …………………………… 3. Eating …………………………… 4. Film and music ……………………………

53 E. Grammar focus 1. Present tense a. Verb Conjugation & Spelling We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO). In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person

The Rest of the Subject Verb sentence I / you / we / speak / learn English at home they speaks / he / she / it English at home learns

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb: 1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.  go – goes  catch – catches  wash – washes  kiss – kisses  fix – fixes  buzz – buzzes 2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.  marry – marries

54  study – studies  carry – carries  worry – worries Note : For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.  play – plays  enjoy – enjoys  say – says b. Word Order of Negative Sentences The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present Tense using Don't or Doesn't.

don't/ The Rest of Subject Verb* doesn't the sentence

I / you / we / have / don't they buy cereal for eat / like breakfast he / she / it doesn't etc. * Verb : The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part. Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc. Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:  You don't speak Arabic.  John doesn't speak Italian.

55  We don't have time for a rest.  It doesn't move.  They don't want to go to the party.  She doesn't like fish. c. Word Order of Questions with Do and Does The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does.

The Rest of the Do/Does Subject Verb* sentence

I / you / have / Do we / need they a new bike? want he / she Does etc. / it *Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part. Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc. Examples of Questions with Do and Does:  Do you need a dictionary?  Does Mary need a dictionary?  Do we have a meeting now?  Does it rain a lot in winter?  Do they want to go to the party?  Does he like pizza?

56 d. Short Answers with Do and Does In questions that use do/does it is possible to give short answers to direct questions as follows:

Short Answer Short Answer Sample Questions (Affirmative) (Negative) Do you like Yes, I do. No, I don't. chocolate? Do I need a Yes, you do. No, you don't. pencil? Do you both like Yes, we do. No, we don't. chocolate? Do they like Yes, they do. No, they don't. chocolate? Does he like Yes, he does. No, he doesn't. chocolate? Does she like Yes, she does. No, she doesn't. chocolate? Does it have four Yes, it does. No, it doesn't. wheels?

UNIT 5 It’s the Happiest Day

Learning Objective

Having finished learning this unit, the students are able to :

 Apply the expression in interpersonal conversation for daily

communication

 The students are able to give expression of happiness, giving

wishes, and willingness

 The student are able to group the expressions of happiness, giving

wishes, and willingness

 The student are able to respond to the text monologue text of

narrative.

 The students are able to practice by English well.

A. Listening

Taken from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/magazine/new-year- celebrations

Task 1. Pre listening Listen to the recording carefully

Happy Birthday

Father : Hi Mitra. Happy Birthday! How old are you today? Son : Seven Father : Alright. Well, let's sing Happy Birthday : Happy Birthday to you : Happy Birthday dear Mitra : Happy Birthday to you Father : Alright. So what should we do first? Son : How about cake and ice cream?

Father : Okay. Well, uh let . . . let's light the candles. Okay, and make a wish! Don't . . . don't tell me Son : Don't tell you? Father : Yeah, don't tell me. Okay, and go ahead and blow out the candles. Okay, let's cut the cake, and then we can have cake and ice cream. And what do you want to do after the cake and ice cream? Son : Play freeze tag Father: : Now, how do you play tag? Son : Um . . . one person is it, and the person who is it tries to tag everyone [Alright. And then . . . ] before I tag someone and then, another person tags me Father : Oh, wow. And whose coming over later today for your birthday? Son : Well, everyone. Uh, my cousins, all my aunts and grandmas, grandpas Father : Alright. Well, Happy Birthday, Mitra

B. Speaking 1. Expressions of Happiness  That’s wonderful!  It’s the best thing I’ve heard ….  That’s fantastic! (examples: ever, for a long time)  That’s good!  I’m satisfied with ….  I find it very exciting.  Congratulations!  Good job  I’m very happy because/on ….  Great! (examples: you success, your  Fantastic! graduate)  Terrific!  Well done  Hooray!  My life’s fun of happy day  Yippee!  You really make me happy  What a great idea!  I like …. (example: to know that)  It sounds like fun  I love …. (example: to hear that)  It is good news  It was great.  I’m pleased/delighted about it.

2. Expressions wishes Form : If only / I wish + simple past Example: If only I knew how to use a computer. (I don’t know how to use a computer and I would like to learn how to use it) Use : To express a wish in the present or in the future. The simple past here is an unreal past.

When you use the verb to be the form is “were”. Example: I wish I were a millionaire! Expressing regret : Form: If only / I wish + past perfect Example : If only I had woken up early. (I didn't wake up early and I missed my bus.) Use: To express a regret. The action is past. Complaining: Form: I wish / if only + would + verb Example : I wish you wouldn't arrive so late all the time (I'm annoyed because you always come late and I want you to arrive on time)

C. Expression Of Hope Or Wish Hope and wish are yeh expressions about expectaiton that someone want something to happen Hope : Hope is the expression of someone want something to happen or to be true, and usually have a good reason to think that it might or the feeling that what is wanted can be had or that events will turn out for the best: Examples :

I’m hoping for an interview next week. She’s hoping (that) she won’t be away too long. I hope (that) she’ll win. We have to hope and pray (that) the operation will go well. They hope to visit us next year. It’s good news, I hope. “Will you be at the meeting tomorrow?” “I hope not/so”. Wish : Wish is the expression of someone’s feeling that one would like to have or do something or to see something happen; a desire, longing, or strong inclination for a specific thing. Examples : We wish you a “Merry Ied-Al-Fitr.” We wish you a “Merry Christmas.” They wish him “Happy Birthday.” Wish me luck! I wish to speak to your manager (Here wish acts like a command) I hope to speak to your manager. (This implies that you would like to speak to the manager, but you understand that it might not be possible). I wish to see your boss right away. We don’t have a table available right now. Do you wish to wait? If you wish to have more information, please let me know.

Examples in dialogue of expression of hope or wish and its response : Dialogue 1 : Robby: Hello Anna, will you come to Rita’s house tonight? Anna: I am afraid I can’t. Robby: Why? Do you wanna go to with your boyfriend. Anna: No, my father is sick. I have to make sure that somebody can take him care before I go. Robby: I am so sorry to hear that and I hope your father gets betteras soon as possible. Anna: Thank for your hope.

Robby: You’re welcome Anna. Dialogue 2 : (on the phone) Ratih: Why don’t you come to my house for my birthday party. Helsa: I’m so sorry because I should study hard. Ratih: Really? Will you have a test tomorrow? Helsa: Yes, and it will be mathematics test. Ratih: Ok. Have a good study! I wish your success. Helsa: God bless us.

D. Reading Task 1. Pay attention on the text below Develop your reading skills. Read the following text on Eid al Fitr. Then answer the comprehension questions

Text 1 Eid al-Fitr is a Muslim holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting (sawm). Eid is an Arabic word meaning "festivity", while Fiṭr means "to break fast"; and so the holiday symbolizes the breaking of the fasting period. It is celebrated after the end of the Islamic month of Ramadan, on the first day of Shawwal. Eid al-Fitr is sometimes also known as the "Smaller Eid" as compared to the Eid al-Adha that lasts three days following the Hajj (the pilgrimage to Mecca) and is casually referred to as the "Greater Eid" At the end of Ramadan every Muslim is required to pay Zakat al-Fitr (a special fast breaking alm) as a token of thankfulness to God for having enabled him or her to observe the obligatory fast. Typically, on the day of the al eid Muslims generally greet each other have a small breakfast before attending a special Eid prayerthat is performed in congregation at mosques or open areas like fields, squares etc. Muslims are encouraged to dress in their best clothes (new if possible) for the occasion. Source: Wikipedia

Comprehension 1) Eid al Fitr is celebrated at the beginning of Ramadan. a. True b. False 2) Eid al Fitr is also called the greater Eid. a. True b. False 3) Muslims fast on the Eid al Fitr. a. True b. False 4) Muslims perform a special prayer on the day of the celebration. a. True b. FalseBottom of Form

Text 2 Develop your reading skills. Read the following text and do the comprehension questions

Eid al-Adha

Eid al-Adha or "Festival of Sacrifice" or "Greater Eid" is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims all over the world to commemorate the willingness of Abraham (Ibrahim) to sacrifice his son Ishmael (Isma'il) as an act of obedience to God, before God intervened to provide him with a ram to sacrifice instead. The meat is divided into three parts: the family retains one third of the share, another third is stored and the other third is given to the poor and needy. Eid al-Adha is the latter of two Eid festivals celebrated by Muslims, the first being Eid ul- Fitr. Like Eid ul FitrEid, al-Adha begins with a prayer followed by a sermon. Eid al-Adha is celebrated annually on the 10th day of the 12th and the last Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah of the lunar Islamic calendar. Eid al-Adha celebrations start after the Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia by Muslims worldwide. The date is approximately 70 days (2 Months and 10 days) after the end of the month of Ramadan. Ritual observance of the holiday lasts until sunset of the 13th day of Dhu al-Hijjah Source: Wikipedia

E. Writing

Mr. Ary with Dewanatara Feeling Happy

Taken from cafeteria. Singarja bali on Januari 2019

Task 1. What is your impression about these pictures below? Discuses and write down into one paragraph.

……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………...

F. Vocabulary Holiday Task 1. Match the words and picture

 Passport  Tourist,,,,

 Picnic…  map ..

 Caravan …  suitcase ..

 Tent  Airport

 Hotel  Ticket

 Campsite  Baggage

www.Esl. lab.com

G. Grammar Focus a. Adverbial Clause In this lesson, we have discussed about the conjunction used in adverbial clauses. In this lesson we will discuss kinds of adverbial clauses. These are the kinds of adverbial clauses.  Adverb of time  Adverb of place  Adverb of manner b. Adverbial Clause of Time This type of adverbial clause modifies the action in the main clause by indicating when it happened or by situating its occurrence in relation to another event or activity ,Used for adverbial clauses of time are the conjunctions : when, before, after, since, as long as, until, till, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc. Example :

When : I come to your house when she wants to go out I can see you when I finish my work Since : I live here since I enter to STAIN The thief could not run away since the police had shot his leg. They have moved house twice since they got married on After : I go to school after I have my breakfast You may sit down after the song items are over Before : They will leave before you get here We saw him before he left this town Until : I will not leave this room until you tell me the truth You will not come here until I give you something

While : She was reading a book while the dinner was cooking While the baby was sleeping, the mother was preparing its food c. Adverbial clause of place. This type of adverbial clause indicates (a) where the action in the main clause takes place or (b) indicates the position of something—whether the subject or object—in the main clause, Used for adverbial clauses of place are the conjunctions “where,” “wherever,” “anywhere,” and “everywhere.” Example :  The rescuers found the missing mountain-climber in a cave where he had taken refuge for almost a month  He said he was happy where he was.  You may go wherever you like  Wherever you are, I’ll be able to find you. d. Adverbial clause of manner This type of adverbial clause specifies how something is done or accomplished by comparing it to the manner or way a similar action in the main clause is done or accomplished, Used for adverbial clauses of manner are the conjunctions “the way,” “as,” and “like.” Example :  Amelia’s overly strict father always hated her stubbornness the way her grandfather also hated her father’s stubbornness when he was Amelia’s age  I was never allowed to do things as I wanted to do them.  Do as I ask you to do.

Task 2. Make sentences with until from the given situations Exercise 2 Directions :  I can't pay my bills. I haven't gotten my paycheck yet. I can't pay my bills until my paycheck comes.  We can't leave yet. We have to wait for Carmen. ______until ______ Tell me the truth, or I am not going to leave this room. ______until ______ Finally, Kydung arrived. Before that, it had been a dull party. ______until______ Dinner won't be ready for a while. I think we should just sit here by the fire. Let's______until______ When I got to bed at night, I like to read. After a while, I get sleepy. ______until ______

74 UNIT 6 English For Tourism

Learning objective

 Asking for Showing and Asking for Direction

 To surmise the meaning of some sentences contextually.  Identify the Information about NTB destinations.

Grammar Intac

 Adverb of Place

75 A. Listening World Tourist Destination

Ceremonial of Idul Adha in Islamic Center Lombok East Nusa Tenggara, Picture 6.1

Task 1. Listen the audio and Recording carefully Conversation 1 Rasyid : There she is! Oby : Hi! Rasyid : Great to see you Oby – this is Radet Oby : Hi, nice to meet you, Radet Rasyid : Nice to meet you Oby. I have never been here before. I have always wanted to visit Lombok Oby : Wow, this is your first visit to Lombok – you’ve never been here before? Well, I’m glad you could come – we’re really looking forward to showing you around

76 Rasyid : Come on. Let’s get going Oby : Here, let me help you with this bag. What have you got in here? It weighs a ton : Oh - come on. We need to get a move on : Stephen’s brought his friend Jazz over to Lombok for a few days. So we’re going to give him a tour of the city and show him the sights : Come on Oby - we need to get to central Lombok for your surprise : Surprise? What for me? I’ve got a surprise!

B. Speaking Task 1. Look at the pictures, and express your idea about these pictures in front of the classroom.

Asking for Giving Direction

Picture 6.3. source. Googel.com

77 Task 2. Study the following expression Asking about direction Giving directions To ask about directions use To give directions use these questions : these expressions : How can I get to . . . from here? Go straight on How can I get to . . . ? Turn left/right Can you show me the way to...? Take the first (turning) to the Can you tell me how to get to . . . ? left/right. Where is . . . ? Go past the restaurant/school... What's the best way to get to . . . ? The ... is beside/in front of/next to...the....

Task 3. Starting to conversation kindly is very good way. So, when we start talking, we can use the following forms Examples : 1  Excuse me / Excuse me sir or madam.  I am new here  I’m lost  I am sorry to interrupt you, but…  Excuse me, could you help me, please?  I am sorry  Sorry, I am not from around here  Excuse me madam, I seemed to be lost  Hello / Hello sir or madam

78 C. Reading English for Tourism

Taken from google.com

Task 1. Read the text first Bali and Lombok Destinations 1. NTB destination Welcome to Senggigi Lombok's traditional tourist resort, Senggigi enjoys a fine location along a series of sweeping bays, with light-sand beaches sitting pretty below a backdrop of jungle-clad mountains and coconut palms. In the late afternoon a setting blood-red sun sinks into the surf next to the giant triangular cone of Bali's Gunung Agung.

79 Senggigi is now usurped by the Gilis and Kuta; tourist numbers are relatively modest here and you'll find some excellent-value hotels and restaurants. Still, the tacky main strip could be more appealing, the noticeable influx of bar girls is sleazy, the garish billboards are ugly and the resident beach hawkers can be over-persistent. If you want a quieter beach experience, head north. The Senggigi area spans 10km of coastal road; the upscale neighbourhood of Mangsit is 3km north of central Senggigi, while just beyond lie the picturesque beaches of Malimbu and Nipah. https://www.orbitz.com-West Nusa Tenggara

2. Bali Destination Ubud Also known as the Land of the Gods, Bali appeals through its sheer natural beauty of looming volcanoes and lush terraced rice fields that exude peace and serenity. Bali enchants with its dramatic dances and colourful ceremoni-es, its arts and crafts, to its luxurious beach resorts and exciting nightlife. And everywhere you will find intricately carved temples. There are are thousands of gift shops in Bali. From Denpasar to Ubud, you'll find many things you'd like to bring back home. Most of the starred hotels are located near the beach. Otherwise, they usually have their own private spots at certain beaches. You can find them easily at popular spots like Kuta or Sanur. If you are thinking of bringing home

80 souvenirs, your best bet is the souvenir market at Sukowati, where you may be overwhelmed by choice. Kuta has a large variety of boutiques and shops, selling everything from bright T-shirts, surf- wear, flip-flops to creative trinkets. If you wish to buy dried food stuffs, Bali coffee is most aromatic. You may also want to buy aromatherapy essential oils to sprinkle your bath with. As Bali is located 8 degrees south of the equator, so the weather you will find is tropical, warm and humid climate all year around with two main distinctive seasons: Dry Season and Rainy Season. Quite different with the areas around Bali's central mountains (volcanoes) which have several peaks over 3,000 metres in elevation. Up here the temperatures are considerably cooler, and there is much more rainfall than in the coastal areas. Bali’s white beaches are favourite for family holidays. There are a variety of watersports available, such as banana boats, parasailing or jet skiing, swimming or plain sunbathing. Most well known among Bali’s beaches is Kuta. Along this stretch are an array of hotels, restaurants, shops and cafes. In the evenings the area throbs to the beat of disco music. For a quieter evening enjoy the beach at Jimbaran, a popular spot to eat fresh barbecued seafood in the evenings. Sanur Beach also dotted with hotels and restaurants. You can also visit Nusa Dua, where more private beaches front super deluxe hotels. Surfers love the waves at Nusa Lembongan near Nusa Penida. These islands are a 45 minutes boat trip from Nusa Dua or from Sanur. At Nusa Penida’s south western coast are the Manta Point and the Malibu point where divers can swim with Travally, big rays and even sharks. The best dive spots are at Menjangan with its reef flat, anchor wreck, eel garden

81 and caves to explore. Nearby and still in the Bali Barat Park is Pemutaran island. Bali offers first class adrenaline pumping white water rafting down the spectacular Ayung River by Ubud. Here you can also go bungy- jumping from a cliff down to almost touch the river. If you enjoy cycling, Ubud and its surrounding is a wonderful town to bike around. There are also good cycling paths at Uluwatu in the south. Mountain climbers may want to climb up Gunung Agung. Begin your ascent from behind the temple or through the village of Sebudi. However, make sure to ask permission first from the temple authorities, as Balinese religion prescribes that no one may stand higher than the sacred temple especially when ceremonies are being held. The Kecak dance is staged most dramatically in the open air by Pura Tanah Lot with as backdrop, the sun slowly lowering in the sea over the horizon beyond this beautiful temple. The Kecak dance tells the story of Ramayana wherein prince Rama’s wife, Sita, is abducted by the ogre Rahwana. www.balidestination.com

Task 2. Answer the following question base on the text 1. What does the text A and B tell us about? 2. Where does the Senggigi beach destination ?

82 D. Writing Task 1. After reading the texts translate into Bahasa Indonesia 1. Ayam Taliwang

Top of the list is Ayam Taliwang, that should be one of the first “plate” stops on any culinary trip to Lombok . This popular dish is a flavorsome spicy grilled chicken. Originally introduced by the people of Karang Taliwang Village, it has become a culinary icon of the island of Lombok. Ayam Taliwang is made of chicken which is preferably free range. It is half cooked on the grill, then removed and dipped in a marinade of cooking oil and spicy sauce made of garlic, chili and shrimp paste. Once the marinade sets, it is then grilled again until perfection. Normally Ayam Taliwang is served with Plecing (boiled spinach or morning glory with fresh tomato sauce) or Sambal Beberuk. Ayam Taliwang is the iconic dish from Lombok and can be found at any restaurant serving Lombok cuisine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayam_Taliwang

83 2. Satay Rembiga Satay uniquely spells Indonesia, and Lombok is no exception. This spicy and sweet dish is a delicious delicacy of Lombok. It humbly consists of seasoned grilled meat skewers served with white rice. The ingredie-nts used make all the difference in its taste. Named after the village that it originated from, Rembiga Village in Selaparang, Satay Rembiga is a simple yet appetizing dish.

3. Babalung A dish that is usually served at parties and celebrations, Babalung is a definite crowd pleaser. In the Sasak language, Bebalung means ribs. This soup based dish is made from traditionally seasoned cow or goat ribs and is often served with plain rice, chili and a slice of lemon.

84 4. Plecing – Lombok’s salad A plate of Plecing consists of boiled spinach or morning glory topped with a fresh tomato based sauce and a drop of lemon. The tomato sauce is a mixture of chili, salt, shrimp paste and tomatoes. A complete serving of Plecing usually consists of extra vegetables like bean sprouts, fried seasoned grated coconut and fried peanuts. Plecing is usually served as a side dish to Ayam Taliwang.

5. Beberuk Beberuk is a simple spicy fresh salad consisting of raw vegetables such as long beans, eggplant, and cucumber topped with a fresh tomato sauce. Beberuk is usually considered as a sambal or condiment and is, therefore, mostly served as a side dish with other main dishes.

Task 2. Write a short narrative text using your own words, about your favorite foods.

E. Vocabulary Vocabulary Practice 1. Giving Directions to Say ‘Go Straight’ :

85  Go straight.  Go along the road.  Go down there.  Go down or walk down the street.  Go up or walk up the street.  Go straight along this road.  Go past the bus stop.  Go toward the church.  Go ahead.  Go straight ahead  Go ahead and ask someone.  Go on ahead.  Go straight on until you come to the crossroad.  Go straight on left / right.  Go straight at the lights / at the roundabout /at the junction.  Continue straight ahead for about a mile.  Continue past the petrol station. ( paas the station and continue)  Continue straight on past two traffic lights.  Continue straight ahead for about two kilometres.  Keep going for another station.  Keep going down this Street.  Keep going for another shop hundred metres.  Keep going straight ahead you will see it on the right.  Keep on the straight road.  Keep walking ahead.  Take this road.

86  Walk to the corner.  Follow this street for 300 metres.  Follow the road until you get to the bank.

2. Giving locations It is …  on the left.  on left.  on the right.  on right side.  on the straight ahead.  on left after the gas station.  straight ahead on the right.  straight ahead of you.  straight ahead on the left next to the book shop.  opposite.  opposite the bank.  on opposite side of the Street.  across the road.  near my office.  next to Mall.  behind the hospital.  in front of the bus station.  between the our office and the supermarket.  on the right in between the pet shop and the grocery store.  at the end of Paris Street.  on/at the corner of Daniel Road.  over there, near the police station.

87  just right / left around the corner.  (just) around the corner.  just around the corner on the left / right side.  left around the corner next to the market.  left around the corner from the subway.  further down the road on the left.  the biggest / smallest building on the left.  in the centre of the town.  the first turning on the right after the bank.

F. Grammar Focus Mentioned below are the list of Adverbs of place: about above anywhere away abroad backwards (also across ahead back behind backward) below beyond down downstairs downwards eastwards east elsewhere everywhere far here in indoors inside near nearby next to outside overseas off on out outside of over on top of to there towards under up upstairs where west yonder from around wherever

88 Examples of Adverbs of Place Adverbs of place ending in –WHERE Adverbs of place that end in -where express the idea of location without specifying a specific location or direction. Examples :  I have nowhere to go.  I would like to go somewhere cold for my vacation.  I keep running in to Mariah everywhere!  Is there anywhere I can find a perfect plate of spaghetti around here? Task 1. Fill in the blanks using adverb form.\ upwards homewards. here On a perch around nearby.

Across the meadow everywhere somewhere not far around the field. away. somewhere

Outside the office,

1. Ever ………. the mighty redwood trees grow. 2. After a long day at work, we headed ………….. 3. ………….beside him sat a blue parrot. 4. Please bring that book ……. 5. My grandfather’s house is ……... 6. John looked ………. but he couldn't see the monkey. 7. I searched ……….. I could think of. 8. ……………….I spied a beautiful woman. 9. I kicked the ball …………….

89 10. I would like to go …………. tropical for my birthday. 11. I heard a nightingale singing ……….. 12. …………..I could hear my parents talking to the principal.

90 UNIT 7 English Area

Learning Objective

Having finished learning this unit, the students are able to:  Identify the language Expression from the text  To answer the questions based on the text  To tell the classroom about the family  Apply the expression in interpersonal conversation for daily communication in English area  Expressions of making plans  To surmise the meaning of some sentences contextually.  Identify the Information about College life.

Grammar intact  subjunctive

91 College Life

Taken from UIN Mataram

A. Listening

Task 1. Listen to the recording. then practice and improve your listening skills College Life Oby : Oh, hi Dave. Long time, no see! Dinda : Hi Oby. I was in the neighborhood, so I thought I'd drop by. Oby : Come on in. Thanks. Take a seat. Would you like anything to drink? I have Sprite or orange juice. Dinda : Sprite would be fine. Uh, so, how have you been? Oby : Oh, not bad. And you?

92 Dinda : Oh, I'm doing okay, but school has been really hectic these days, and I haven't had time to relax. Oby : By the way, what's your major anyway? Dinda : Hotel management. Oby : Well, what do you want to do once you graduate? Dinda : Uh... I haven't decided for sure, but I think I'd like to work for a hotel or travel agency in this area. How about you? Oby : Well, when I first started college, I wanted to major in Jogjakarta, but I realized I might have a hard time finding a job using the language, so I changed majors to computer science. Oh. With the right skills, landing a job in the computer industry shouldn't be as difficult. Dinda : So, do you have a part-time job to support yourself through school? Oby : Well, fortunately for me, I received a four-year academic scholarship [Wow] that pays for all of my tuition and books. Dinda : Wow. That's great. Oby : Yeah. How about you? Are you working your way through school? Dinda : Yeah. I work three times a week at a restaurant near campus. Oby : Oh. What do you do there? Dinda : I'm a cook. Oby : How do you like your job? Dinda : It's okay. The other workers are friendly, and the pay isn't bad

Task 2. Listen to the dialogue then answer the question 1. What is the title about the dialogue? 2. What does the dialogue talk about?

93 B. Speaking Task 1. Read the dialogue. Then practice with your partner

At Library

Faqih : What can I help you with today? Lina : I need to check out this book. Faqih : Do you have your library card? Lina : I don't have one. Faqih : Would you like to apply for one right now? Lina : That's fine. Faqih : I'm going to need you to fill out the application. Lina : All right. All done. Faqih : All right, now please sign the back of the card. Lina : Okay. I've signed it.

94 Faqih : That's all there is to it. Lina : Great. Now can I check out this book? Faqih : May I help you? Lina : Could I check out this book? Faqih : Let me see your library card. Lina : I need to get one. Faqih : You can apply for one right now, if you'd like. Lina : Okay. Let me do that right now. Faqih : Could you fill out this application? Lina : I'm finished. Here you go. Faqih : Could you please sign the back of the card? Lina : All right. Faqih : That's it. Lina : Now may I check this book out? Faqih : What do you need? Lina : I would like to check out a book. Faqih : I'm going to need your library card. Lina : I don't have a library card. Faqih : Why don't you apply for one right now? Lina : Sure. That would be great. Faqih : Please fill out this application. Lina : Okay. Here you go. Faqih : Now, sign your name on the back of the card. Lina : Here you go. Faqih : Here's your library card. Lina : Thanks. Now I'd like to check out this book.

95 Task 2. Here are some expressions a. Making and responding to a request b. It's important to be polite when you ask for something. You can make a request by using:  can you ...?  could you ...?  will you ...?  would you mind ...? Here are some examples of how to make a request

Can you open the door for me, Will you please? Could you possibly would you opening the door for me mind ?

Making Request :  Can you show me your photo album, please?  Will you lend me your book, please?  Could you possibly show me the way to the post office, please?  Would you help me with this exercise, please?  Would you mind lending me your pen, please? Responding to request :  Sure here you are  Okey  No, I'm sorry I need it  I'm afraid I can't

96 C. Reading Task 1. Read to the conversation below and practice At the Library

Task 2. Fill the gaps with the correct word from the box

Lucy: Hello School librarian: Hello, what's your name? Lucy: My name's

Lucy. School librarian: And what's your ------, Lucy? Lucy: Moore.

School librarian: Can you ------that? Lucy: M-O-O-R-E. School librarian: Thank you. What ------are you in? Lucy: Class 1B.

School librarian: Class 1B. And how ------are you,

Lucy? Lucy: I’m 13. School librarian: Have you got a ------

- ? Lucy: Yes, here you are. School librarian: Thank you. School librarian:

97 OK, thank you, Lucy. Here’s your school library ------. Lucy:

Thanks. Bye. School librarian: Goodbye.

www.ello.org

Old, spell, photo, surname, class, card

D. Writing Task 1. Read the text below an answer the following question

English around the worlds Have you ever had the desire to wander the world and see what was out there? While some people prefer to stay in the comfort of their own home, others have been bitten by the travel bug and can't wait to explore the world. Exotic places call to them. "Come visit me and I will show you my mysteries," they say. Every year millions of people pack their suitcases or put on backpacks and flock to visit the seven continents of the world. They wander through the castles and museums of Europe, and the cities and natural wonders of North and South America. Some visit the vast exotic cultures of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. The great outback of Australia is a wonderland for those who go there. And a few lucky people even make to the most mysterious continent on the earth- Antarctica. Why do people want to explore the world? It gives them a better perspective about the earth and the people living on it. It opens their minds, it gives them a feeling of accomplishment, and it makes them feel

98 alive. So save some money, get your passport ready, and see the world. It will change your life forever. Answer the questions based on the text 1. What does the passage talk about? 2. What happened in the text?

Taken from Library UIN Mataram

Task 3. Discuses with your group and describe the picture using your own words ......

99 E. Vocabulary Task 1. Answer the questions based on the vocabulary you learned 1. He didn't receive any money from his parents, so he had to work himself ...... school a. through b. by c. on 2. So, what is your ...... at college? Someone told me you were studying computer science or something like that a. major b. teacher c. class 3. Life has been very ...... these days. I'm going to school full-time, working two part-time jobs, and getting ready to get married. As a result, I have little free time for anything else a. boring b. relaxing c. hectic 4. After I graduate, I want to try to ...... a job in my hometown a. buy b. hire c. land 5. She received a ...... to pay for school expenses, so things should be easier for her now. She doesn't have to worry about paying back any money either. a. scholarship b. loan c. major

100 F. Grammar focus Subjunctive The subjunctive is a rare form. There are two sorts of subjunctive in English:  the present subjunctive  the past subjunctive The form of the subjunctive Present The subjunctive in the present is the same as the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to") for all verbs. Subject pronouns The verb to be The verb to meet I be meet you be meet he, she, it be meet we be meet you be meet they be meet

Past The past subjunctive relates only to the verb to be. It takes the form were Subject pronouns The verb to be I were you were he, she, it were we were you were they were

101 Use of subjunctive 1. We generally use the subjunctive when talking about events that are not certain to happen, especially when talking about events someone wants to happen, hopes will happen or imagines happening. Examples  The minister hopes that you help him with the new law.  If I were you I would buy this house. 2. Typically, the subjunctive is used after these structures:  It is essential, vital, important, necessary, desirable,...+ that  The verbs ask, recommend, request, suggest, insist, propose, command + that Examples  It is vital that you finish your studies  I suggest that you visit Paris 3. Some fixed expressions use the subjunctive. Here are some examples;  Long live the King!  God bless America! In conditional sentences type II The subjunctive form of the verb to be is used in conditional sentences type II, So after 'if' (and other words having the same meaning) the verb 'to be' takes the form of the past subjunctive.  If I were rich I would buy that beautiful car.  If she were attentive to his problems she would help him.  Suppose you were a millionaire, what would you do?

102 UNIT 9 Health

Learning objective

Having finished this unit, the students are able to:  Apply the expression in interpersonal conversation for daily communication;  Apply the expression in transactional conversation for daily communication;

 Express the expression of like and dislike;

Grammar intact  Gerund, Infinitives + Verb Ing

103 A Healty Lifestyle

Taken from Udayana garden Mataram

A. Listening Section Task1. Listen the audio carefully

Hi, I'm Abiyatun, and I just wanted to share with you three ideas on how to exercise better. Number one, choose something that you enjoy. If you like running, run. If you like lifting weights, do that as well. The second idea is do it with someone. Uh, it's kind of boring to do exercise by yourself, but if you do, you know, exercise with a friend . . . I enjoy doing it with my wife . . . then you can talk, and share ideas, share goals together. And that leads to the third point. Choose something that is realistic. Don't try to run nine days a week. Just start basic. Start easy, and as you

104 do that, you can kind of work up to things to where you're feeling comfortable and feeling good about your exercise program.

B. Speaking Expressing likes and dislikes Expressing likes Expressing dislikes: I don’t like… I like… I dislike... I love... I hate… I adore… I abhor… I ‘m crazy about… I can’t bear... I’m mad about… I can’t stand… I enjoy… I detest... I’m keen on… I loathe... Examples of likes and dislikes :  I'm mad about basketball, but I can’t bear ice hockey I adore reading poetry, but I loathe doing the housework  If you neither like nor dislike something  "I don't mind doing the housework"  Things to remember about likes and dislikes 1. When these expressions are followed by a verb, the latter is put in the –ing form. examples : "I like listening to music" "I hate wearing sunglasses" I like Verb+Ing I detest I don't mind

105 2. Note that" very much" & " a lot" always come after the things you like examples : "I like basketball very much/a lot. NOT" I like very much/a lot basketball." 3. Be careful when you use "I don't mind..." examples : "Do you mind playing football? "No, I don't mind."(Although it's in a negative form, it means that it's ok for me. I neither love it nor hate it) Dialogue : Steve : Hello, darling. Do you fancy watching a film tonight? Girlfriend : Oh, no thanks, I don't really feel like watching a film tonight. How about going out instead. Steve : OK. Do you feel like going to the theater? Girlfriend : Oh, no. I hate it. Do you like eating at the new Chinese restaurant? Steve : I don't mind. The Chinese cuisine is alright. Girlfriend : Well I really love it. Let's go.

C. Reading Task 1. Develop your reading skills. Read the following text and do the comprehension questions

Factors of good health Health is the general condition of a person's mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in 1946 as "a

106 state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance on health status and quality of life. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society. According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors. In fact, an increasing number of studies and reports from different organizations and contexts examine the linkages between health and different factors, including lifestyles, environments, health care organization, and health policy. Focusing more on lifestyle issues and their relationships with functional health, data from different studies suggested that people can improve their health via: exercise, enough sleep, maintaining a healthy body weight, limiting alcohol use, and avoiding smoking. In addition to that, the ability to adapt and to self manage have been suggested as core components of human health. Personal health also depends partially on the social structure of a person's life. The maintenance of strong social relationships, volunteering, and other social activities have been linked to positive mental health and even increased longevity. In contrast, prolonged psychological stress may negatively impact health, and has been cited as a factor in cognitive impairment with aging, depressive illness, and expression of disease. Source : Wikipedia

107 D. Writing

Health Benefits of Fasting Fasting is part and parcel of the practices of many religions including, Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Today many are trying to dig up the benefits of fasting. Some people fast for spiritual reasons while others fast as a way to physically discipline the body. Whatever reasons one might come up with, it has been scientifically proved that fasting has tremendous health benefits. First, fasting is said to play an important role in the detoxification of the body. Detoxification is a normal body process of eliminating or neutralizing toxins through the colon, liver, kidneys, lungs, lymph glands, and skin. This process starts when fasting. Food no longer enters the body and the latter turns to fat reserves for energy. These fat reserves were created when excess glucose and carbohydrates were not used for energy or growth, not excreted, and therefore converted into fat. When the fat reserves are used for energy during a fast, it releases the chemicals from the fatty acids into the system which are then eliminated through the body organs, leading to the cleansing of the whole body. An other known benefit of fasting is the healing process that is obvious in the body during a fast. When fasting energy is diverted away from the digestive system due to its lack of use and towards the metabolism and immune system. The healing process during a fast is made easy by the body's search for energy sources. Abnormal growths within the body, tumors and the like, do not have the full support of the body's supplies and therefore are more susceptible to disappear. Fasting also leads to a feeling of rejuvenation and extended life expectancy. This might be due to the detoxification effect of fasting. A

108 study was performed on earthworms that showed the extension of life thanks to fasting. The experiment was performed in the 1930s by isolating one worm and putting it on a cycle of fasting and feeding. The isolated worm outlived the other worms by 19 generations, while still maintaining its freshness and youthful physiological characteristics. Source: Eslgold.com The health benefits of fasting

Task 1. These are some of people who were around the place when the happened. Look at the pictures and write down what they were doing at that time.

Taken from Udayana Garden on Desember 2018

109

Taken from. Google.com

Write down your comment!

......

110 E. Vocabulary Task 1. This is a list of vocabulary items related to health and health care find out the meaning

Match the words and pictures

Ambulance, Doctor, Injection, Dentist, Tablets, Plaster,Bandage,

Nurse, Medicine, Hospital, Chemist

111

112 F. Grammar Focus Task 1. So what’s the rule for whether we use the -ing form or the infinitive? 1. Pengertian Gerund merupakan bentuk kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan “- ing” dan digunakan sebagai kata benda Gerund adalah: bentuk verb “-ing” dari kata kerja yang difungsikan sebagai kata benda (membendakan kata kerja) dengan cara menambah ING di belakangnya Contoh kalimat : Writing is necessary for my life (menulis itu penting bagi kehidupanku) Kata “Writing” dibentuk dari kata kerja “Write” dengan menambahkan “-ing”. “Writing” digunakan sebagai subjek dari kata kerja “is” sehingga “writing” melakukan pekerjaan kata benda.

2. Penggunaan Gerund Sebagai subjek untuk kata kerja  Writing is my hobby (menulis adalah hobi saya)  Smoking is not good for health (merokok tidak baik untuk kesehatan)  Reading is very important for students (membaca sangat penting untuk siswa) 3. Sebagai objek  Ranti loves writing (Ranti suka menulis)

113  I don’t like smoking (saya tidak suka merokok)  Ijem don’t have cooking (Ijem tidak bisa memasak) 4. Digunakan sebagai pelengkap (komplemen) kata kerja yang tidak lengkap (incomplete verb). Biasanya didahului to be  The things which Ijem enjoys are eating, drinking, and sleeping. (Hal-hal yang Ijem senangi adalah makan, minum, dan tidur)  My favorite activity is reading, writing, and shopping. (Aktifitas kesukaanku adalah membaca, menulis dan belanja) 5. Digunakan di belakang “No” membentuk kalimat pendek yang menyatakan larangan atau peringatan.  Ø No Parking! (dilarang parkir!)  Ø No Smoking! (dilarang merokok!)  Ø No running ! (dilarang berlari!)

6. Digunakan seperti kata sifat atau sebagai penjelas kata benda (Noun modifier)  Sleeping-bed (kasur tidur)  Reading-room (ruang baca)  Walking-stick (tongkat untuk berjalan)  Writing-paper (kertas tulis)  Shopping-bag (tas belanja)

114 7. Digunakan sebagai Appositive (keterangan tambahan) dalam suatu kalimat.  Her hobby, swimming, has helped to keep her healthy. (Hobinya, berenang, telah membantunya agar tetap sehat)  My hooby, writing, is interesting. (Hobiku, menulis, menarik)  He has a bad habit, Smoking. (Dia punya kebiasaan buruk, merokok) 8. Gerund setelah kata depan (preposition) : by, in, on, at, of, after, before, without, besides, etc.  After passing High School, I will enter the University. (Setelah tamat SMA, aku akan memasuki Universitas)  Before going abroad, we must study English. (Sebelum pergi keluar negeri, kita harus belajar bahasa Inggris)  By studying, we will speak English fluently. (Dengan belajar, kita dapat berbahasa Inggris dengan lancar) 9. Gerund setelah ngkapan-ungkapan tertentu It is not use : tidak ada gunanya Worth : patut Busy : sibuk Can’t help : tidak dapat menahan Let’s go : ayolah/mari kita Etik is busy preparing his homework. (Etik sedang sibuk mempersiapkan tugasnya)  Let’s go shopping at Ramayana. (Mari kita pergi belanja ke Ramayana)

115  I can’t help crying when hearing the news. (Saya tidak dapat menahan tangis saat mendengar berita itu) 10. Gerund digunakan dengan possessive adjective : my, your, his, her, our, their  Your coming to my home made me happy. (kedatanganmu ke rumahku membuat aku bahagia)  Miss Nawang doesn’t like our coming late. (Bu Nawang tidak suka kami datang terlambat)  Do you mind my smoking here ? (keberatankah anda, saya merokok disini ?) 11. Gerund setelah kata-kata : when, while, since.  When riding motor-cycle, we must wear a helmet. (Bila mengendarai sepeda motor, kita harus memakai helm)  While running to school this morning, I met a new friend. (Ketika saya berlari ke sekolah tadi pagi, saya bertemu teman baru)  Since leaving home, Ijem has been sick. (Sejak meninggalkan rumah, Ijem sakit) 12. Gerund dalam bentuk kalimat Negative.  I consider not going there again. (saya mempertimbangkan untuk tidak ke sana lagi)  He admitted not seeing Eka. (Dia mngaku tidak melihat Eka)  I suggested him not telling Sam about that matter. (Saya menyarankan untuk tidak mengatakan kepada Sam tentang hal itu)

116 13. Gerund dalam kalimat pasif. Sebagai subject  Being told that he is lazy, makes him very angry. (Karena dikatakan malas, membuatnya sangat marah)  Being asked to tidy his room, Ijem very hungry. (Karena disuruh merapikan ruangannya, Ijem sangat marah) Sebagai Object  Ijem doesn’t like being woken up early. (Ijem tidak suka dibangunkan cepat-cepat)  The student don’t like being given too much homework. (Murid-murid tidak suka diberikan terlalu banyak tugas) 14. Digunakan sebagai pengganti infinitive. Seperti infinitive yang juga dapat digunakan sebagai kata benda, gerund dapat diganti oleh infinitif tanpa terjadi perubahan arti. Gerund Infinitive I love reading. I love to read. ( Aku suka membaca) (Aku suka membaca) Teach me talking. Teach me to talk. (Ajarkan aku bicara) (Ajarkan aku bicara) Ijem will try doing it. Ijem will try to do it. (Ijem akan mencoba (Ijem akan mencoba melakukannya) melakukannya) 15. Ada 3 kata kerja Gerund, yang kalau diikuti V1 + ing mempunyai arti yang berbeda dengan diikuti To + V1 yaitu kata kerja “Stop, Remember dan Forget” Contoh :  She stops drinking

117 (dia berhenti minum untuk mengerjakan sesuatu) She stops to drink (dia menghentikan sesuatu untuk minum)  I remember walking with you (saya ingat pernah berjalan denganmu) I remember to walk with you (saya ingat berjalan denganmu)  I forget refusing you (saya lupa pernah menolak kamu) I forget to refuse you (saya lupa untuk menolak kamu)

Task 2. Put the verb into either the gerund (-ing) or the infinitive (with 'to') 1) I don't fancy ……… (go) out tonight 2) She avoided …….(tell) him about her plans 3) I would like………..( come) to the party with you 4) He enjoys …………(have) a bath in the evening 5) She kept ………(talk) during the film 6) Do you mind………… (give) me a hand? 7) She helped me ……………(carry) my suitcases. 8) I've finished …………….(cook) - come and eat! 9) He decided ………….(study) biology 10) I dislike ……………..(wait) 11) He asked ………………(come) with us 12) I promise ………………(help) you tomorrow 13) We discussed ……………..(go) to the cinema, but in the end we stayed at home

118 14) She agreed …….(bring) the pudding to the dinner 15) I don't recommend ……………(take) the bus - it takes forever! 16) We hope …………….(visit) Amsterdam next month 17) She suggested ………………(go) to the museum 18) They plan ………………(start) college in the autumn 19) I don't want …………(leave) yet

119

120 UNIT 9 Politic

Learning objective

Having finished learning this unit, the students are able to:

 Respond to the transactional/interpersonal conversation for daily communication  Identify the language function of narrative text.  Express the idea about denial fact  Express the language expression of denial fact for daily communication Grammar intact

 Past Participle

121 A. Listening Task 1. Listen to the conversation

Elections

https://awsimages.detik.net.id/community/media/visual/2019/02/17/631d3 820-bf85-491a-aaa1-39f0fc791c1f_169.jpeg?w=780&q=90

122 Dinda and Akbar Discuss Going To Vote In An Election

Dinda : I am going out now, I’ll see you at the class later. Akbar : Why are you going so early today? The class doesn’t start for ages.

Dinda : I want to go and vote at the polling station now as I’ll be too

busy later. Akbar : Why are you going to vote? What is the vote for? Dinda : What do you mean? It is a by-election. Akbar : Oh. I’d no idea there was an election. Dinda : I just threw them away. I wasn’t interested. Akbar : Aren’t you going to vote today? Dinda : No. Voting isn’t important.

Akbar : Yes it is. It’s very important that you vote when you have the chance. Dinda : Why? Akbar : Because we are very lucky to live in a democracy and not under a dictator. Dinda : So do you vote in all the elections? Akbar : Yes, I always vote. I think it’s very important to go and vote.

Dinda : Should I go and vote today? Akbar : I think you should, but it’s your choice in the end. Do what you want

Task 2. Answer the question 1. What is the purpose of the text? 2. What are described in the text above?

123 B. Speaking Expressing a Denial Fact 1. Expressing Examples : That isn’t Quite Right Exactly Correct True

I think you might be mistake

That’ s just not true

Actually …

Practicing : Any : will you do me a favor, ani? Nila : yes, I “ll be glad to, Ani Any : well, on your way, would you drop at the post-office to post this letter? Nila : certainly, with pleasure Any : It’s rather important that this letter has to reach the ‘ News Paper’ a : week from now Nila : What letter is it Any : the article of economic crisis for Jakarta Post Nila : I see, I’ll go straight to the post-office and post your article soon. All right? Any : oh, that’s very nice of you. Thank you very much Nila : you’re welcome

124 2. Responding Example:

Thank you for bringing that to my attention

Thank you for pointing that out. Thank you for correcting me (on that)

Practicing : Gina : his statement disappointed you, didn’t you? Lyla : I don’t care with what he stated. He is rather selfish. Gina : and then what will you do? Lyla : well, I’ll go my own way Gina : why? Lyla : because I want to do my best to everybody. The most important I’m not doing anything wrong. Gina : gina, you didn’t keep your promise. Lyla : oh, I’m sorry. I forgot. Gina : you kept me waiting for hours. Lyla : I was busy helping my father. Gina : well, but you remember that you had promised to someone. Lyla : Are you angry with me? Gina : No, I’m not. But you mustn’t do it next time. Lyla : OK, I’ll try to keep my promise.

Task 1. Practice with your group how to expressing a denial fact in contextual situation

125 C. Reading The coming of Islam in Indonesia Word Highlight ( Kata-Kata Penting) Merchants (murchәnt) : Saudagar/Pedagang Southern (suthәrn) : Selatan Coastal (kÒst’l ) : Pantai Spread (spred ) : Penyebaran Converted (kәn vÚrt) : Muallaf Exerting (ig zÚrt ing) : Menggunakan/Mendesak Pressure (préshәr) : Tekanan Disappeared (dìssә peérd) : Menghilang Intrusion (in troÓzh’n) : Pengacauan Trade (trayd) : Perdagangan Growth (grÔth) : Pertumbuhan/perkembangan Extreme (ik streém) : Perbedaan yang besar Frequent (freékwәnt) : Sering /berulang-ulang

126 Task 1. Read the text carefully! The Coming of Islam In Indonesia

Taken from Hubbul Wathan Mosque NTB Lombok ( Islamic Center Matarm)

Islam arrived via overseas merchant, initially from southern India and Gujarat in western India. By the late 13th century the coastal states of northern Sumatra were beginning to accept the new religion; the first Muslim ruler in northern Sumatra was Sultan Malik Al- Saleh of Pasai. Islam spread slowly until the rise of the sultanate of Malacca ( Melaka) on peninsular Malaysia’s western coast in the early 15th century. Malacca had become a major spot on the trade route between the Moluccas (Spice Island) and Eurofe, which increasingly sought Moluccan spices. As a result, Malacca gained commercial and political power and also became the major center in Southeast Asia for the spread of Islam. Malacca’s gain came at the express of Majapahit. Merchants from Majapahit in northern java traveled to Malacca totrade Javanese rice for Moluccan spice, and many merchants converted to Islam. They became important in Malacca’s population. Malaccan prices in turn became powerful from their trade connections and began exerting commercial

127 and military pressure on Majapahit. By the early 16th century, Majapahit had virtually disappeared. Meanwhile, Portuguese trades capture Malacca in 1511. The Eurofean instruction changed the existing patterns of trade and led to the growth of several strong Muslim states, each competing with the others for trade routes in Indonesia. One of the most powerful of these was Aceh in northern Sumatra. During the 16th century Aceh launched frequent attacks against Portuguese Malacca, either alone or with other local Muslim states. Under Sultan Iskandar Muda, aceh controlled of Sumatra’s pepper-trading ports except those in the extreme south, and its influence extended to parts of the Malay Peninsula. Another important trading state of the period was Makasar. Situated in southwestern Sulawesi, Makasar and Its people converted to Islam in the early 17th century. Batam, in western java, was the Muslim successor to the Hindu kindom of Sunda. Batam controlled southern Sumatra and thus the vital Sunda Strait. In the late 16th century a new Muslim kindom of Mataram arose in central java and began to absorb many of java’s maritime principalities. Source:English competence reading comprehension//rajawali press

Task 2. Guessing Meaning Here are some words from the text. Read the text again and then choose the best meaning for each one. The paragraph number is given in the brackets Word Guessing Meaning Synonym 1. Initially a. Originally ………………………… b. lastly c. Ldly

128 2. Accept a. Deny ………………………… b. Believe c. Throw 3. Spread a. Before ……………………….. b. Descend c. Increase 4. Rise a. Grow ………………………. b. Descend c. fall 5. Expense a. Broke ……………………….. b. cost c. Liquid 6. Important a. Different ……………………….. b. Significant c. Blank 7. Converted a. Same ……………………….. b. Blank c. Changed 8. Population a. Residents ………………………….. b. Animals c. Things 9. Existing a. News ……………………….. b. Dead c. Alive 10. Converted a. Arranged ………………………… b. Improved c. Composed

129 Task 3. Develop your reading skills. Democracy

The term Democracy comes from the Greek words dêmos (people) and Kratos (power). In its literal meaning, democracy means the "rule of the people". In fact it is a form of government in which all eligible people have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Democracy as a political systems existed in some Greek city-states, notably Athens following a popular uprising in 508 BC. Equality and freedom have both been identified as important characteristics of democracy since ancient times. These principles are reflected in all citizens being equal before the law and having equal access to legislative processes. For example, in a representative democracy, every vote has equal weight, no unreasonable restrictions can apply to anyone seeking to become a representative, and the freedom of its citizens is secured by legitimized rights and liberties which are generally protected by a constitution. There are several varieties of democracy, some of which provide better representation and more freedom for their citizens than others. However, if any democracy is not structured so as to prohibit the government from excluding the people from the legislative process, or any branch of government from altering the separation of powers in its own favor, then a branch of the system can accumulate too much power and destroy the democracy. Separation of powers is a model of governance under which the state is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that no one branch has more power than the other branches. The normal division of branches is into an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary. Source: Wikipedia

130 Comprehension : 1. Democracy is a new system of governance.

a. True

b. False 2. The most important principles of democracy are equality and freedom.

a. True.

b. False. 3. The separation of powers threatens democracy

a. True

b. False

D. Writing

Task 1. Answer these question properly, look at the passage above 1. How did Islam arrive to Indonesia? 2. How did Islam spread in Malacca/ 3. What was the result when Malacca gained commercial and political power? 4. What was Merchants’ trade from Majapahit to Malacca? 5. When did Aceh launch frequent attacks against Portuguese?

Task2. Decide whether the sentences is true(T), or false (F) 1. The Arabic word Islam is submission or surrender to God, or to God’s will. (T/F)

131 2. Islam, in the broadest sense, means “ submission to God’’ as an undeniable fact of existence. (T/F) 3. We have already seen that the Koran and the Hadist use the word din (religion) for Islamic religion of meanings. (T/F). 4. People are always faced with the fact of their freedom, the fact the can not choose to obey or disobey when someone tells them to do something. (T/F) 5. When Muslim speak about Islam, they usually have in view the specific religion established by Muhammad. (T/F)

Task 3. Make a short paragraph with your group talk about democracy and religion ......

E. Vocabulary Task 1 : Study the vocabularies below Religion Law Vision of God : Wahyu Justice : Keadilan God decision/ fate : Takdir Truth : Kebenaran God reward : Pahala Judge : Hakim Sin : Dosa Lawyer, attorney : Pengacara Satanic temptation : Godaan setan Attorney general : Jaksa Agung Adultery : Perzinahan Defendant : Tergugat, terdakwa Polytheistic belief : Syirik Accused : Tertuduh Apostate : Murtad Plaintiff : Penggugat, penuntut Polytheist : Musyrik Commercial law : Hukum dagang

132 Hypocrite : Munafik Constitutional law : Hukum Atheistic : Tidak bertuhan negara Heaven, paradise : Surga Military law : Hukum militer Hell : Neraka Islamic law : Hukum Islam Torture of hell : Siksa api neraka Law of nations : Hukum Worship : Ibadah internasional To have sahur : Makan sahur Law breaker : Pelanggar hukum To take ritual ablution : Berwudhu Break the law : Melanggar hukum The summon to prayer : Adzan Court : Pengadilan In the world hereafter : Akhirat Religion court : Pengadilan Forever and ever : Dunia akhirat agama Doomsday : Kiamat Sue : Menggugat, gugatan Adjudgement day : Hari Pleader : pembela pembalasan Arrest : penahanan Feast day : Hari raya Capital punishment : Hukuman Praying matm : Sajadah mati Praying veil : Mukena Evidence, proof : Bukti Veil, headcover : Kerudung, jilbab Jail, prison : Penjara Prayer beads, rosary : Tasbih Jailer, warden : Sipir penjara Pilgrimage to Makka : Berhajji ke Injunction : Keputusan Mekkah Public prosecutor : Penuntut An effort/ striving : Jihad umum To wage a holy war : Pergi berjihad Supreme court : Mahkamah Approved pilgrimage : Haji mabrur agung Allowed : Halal Fine : Denda Forbidden : Haram Witness : Saksi Compulsory : Wajib Voluntary : Sunnah

133 Circumcision : Khitan Luck : Nasib Desire : Nafsu Creature : Ciptaan Creator : Pencipta Amulet, talisman : Jimat Cremation ceremony : Upacara kremasi (NgabEn) Convert : Murtad, berpindah agama Follower, believer : Penganut Worshiper : Pemuja Preacher : Khatib Pagan : Agama penyembah berhala Religius freedom : Kebebasan beragama Profess Islam : Memeluk agama Islam I feel thankful : Saya merasa bersyukur He recites the holy Qur’an : Dia mengaji They praise the God : Mereka memuji Tuhan

134 F. Grammar focus Participle Pada dasarnya participle digunakan sebagai verb dan verbal. Sebagai verb, present participle digunakan bersama auxiliary verb untuk membentuk progressive /continuous dan perfect continuous tense. Sedangkan pada past participle, digunakan bersama auxiliary untuk membentuk perfect (continuous) tense dan passive voice. Beberapa contoh dan keterangannya adalah sebagai berikut. Contoh Participle sebagai Verb : Verb Contoh Kalimat Keterangan Participle Continuous Tense He is working. is= auxiliary; (Dia sedang bekerja.) working= present participle Perfect He has been working. has= auxiliary; Continuous (Dia telah sedang been= past participle dari bekerja.) verb be; working= present participle Perfect Tense He has worked. has= auxiliary; (Dia telah bekerja.) worked= past participle Passive Perfect He has been worked. has= auxiliary; (Dia telah been, worked= past participle dipekerjakan.) Passive The report is being is= auxiliary; Continuous typed. being= present participle dari (Laporan tsb sedang verb be; diketik.) typed= past participle

135 Sebagai verbal, participle berfungsi sebagai adjective, sebutannya participial adjective. Verbal adalah kata yang dibentuk dari verb yang berfungsi sebagai part of speech lain. Kata ini berasal dari kata kerja yang berupa action (aksi) atau state of being (keadaan). Sebagai kata sifat, verbal ini berfungsi memodifikasi/menjelaskan noun, dimana posisinya selalu berada didekat kata benda tersebut, baik di depan maupun di belakang. Verbal ini digunakan pada noun phrase dan reduced adjective clause. Contoh Participle sebagai Verbal: Macam Penggunaan Contoh Kalimat Participle Present Noun Phrase the disturbing picture (gambar yang Participle mengganggu) Reduced Adjective The student reading under the tree is Clause (Active Voice) my classmate. (Siswa yang membaca di bawah pohon adalah teman sekelasku.) Past Noun Phrase the broken glasses (kacamata yang Participle pecah) Reduced Adjective The girl advised is my cousin. Clause (Passive Voice) (Anak perempuan yang dinasehati tsb adalah sepupuku.)

Note : Past Participle Past participle paling sering digunakan dalam kalimat pasif dan perfect. Kebanyakan orang Indonesia menyebut past participle dengan kata kerja bentuk ke tiga (Verb 3). Past participle umumnya berakhiran

136 -ed untuk kata kerja yang beraturan. Sedangkan kata kerja yang tidak beraturan, umumnya berakhiran dengan -t, -en, atau -n 1. The book is bought by my wife. (Buku tersebut dibeli oleh istri saya) 2. She has borrowed a book. (Dia telah meminjam sebuah buku) 3. I have a broken car. (Saya memiliki sebuah mobil yang rusak)

Task 1. Exercise Put in the verbs in brackets as Past Participle into the gaps

1. computers (steal)

2. fans (fascinate)

3. students (bore)

4. boys (confuse)

5. umbrellas (forget)

6. girls (disappoint)

7. comics (swap)

8. doctors (worry)

9. queens (amuse)

10. watches (repair)

137 Task 2. Exercise Fill in the Past Participle

1. the (lose) son

2. an (interest) audience

3. a (break) leg

4. an (empty) bottle

5. a (close) door

6. a (decorate) room

7. two (pack) bags

8. the (write) letters

9. the (sell) car

10. the (buy) apples

138

UNIT 10 Entertainments

Learning objective

Having finished learning this unit, the students are able to :  To get information from the text  To answer the questions based on the text  To tell the classroom about the favorite Entertainment  Apply the expression in interpersonal conversation for daily communication about favorite Things  Apply the expression in transactional conversation for daily

communication about favorite things  To surmise the meaning of some sentences contextually.  To read the text loudly and correctly

Grammar Intact

 Adverb of time

139

A. Listening Section Task 1. Listen to the conversation and read a loudly

https://www.nusabali.com/article_images/36720/tari-gendang-beleq-800-2018- 08-28-134337_0.jpg

Gendang Beleq Atraction

Tami : Hi, Mario. Do you want to go and watch a Gendang Beleq? Gerry : Hi, Tamara. Sure, what’s on? Tami : Well, there are two Intertaiment Lombok, Gendang Beleq and Cilokaq. Gerry : I’ve already seen Gendang Beleq and Cilokaq. What else is on? Tami : There’s that Tari Sasak, but I’ve already seen it. Gerry : Is it good?

140

Tami : Yes, it is, but I don’t want to see it again. There’s a best Tari called Forever. Gerry : Mmm, I’m not sure. Are there any beauty women apply Tari? Tami : Yes, there’s Afternoon Apply Tari Sasak. It’s got watch. Gerry : OK, sounds good. Let’s go and watch Tari Sasak. What time is it on? Tami : It’s on at 11 o’clock or at half past two Gerry : Is it on this Afternoon? Tami : Yes, at 2:30 Gerry : Perfect. Let’s go at 2:30 Tami : OK, shall we meet at the area at 2:00? Gerry : Great! See you later. Tami : Bye.

Task 2. Matching Exercise  Complete the dialogue below by listening to the audio  What kinds of movies do you want to ......  My sister is really ...... love stories  I often enjoy renting ...... even though I can't understand what the actors are saying. I just read the subtitles  I really like ...... because they make me laugh  What movies do you ...... for tonights

Comedies, Watch, Have in Mind, Foreign people, Crazy About

141

B. Speaking Section Talking about favorite things When you talk about your favorite things you talk about the best liked or most enjoyed things. Examples : "What's your favorite color?" "Green." Study the dialogue : Leila is talking to her new friend Cathy: Leila: What kind of films do you like best? Cathy: Science fiction. And you? Leila: Comedy. And who's your favorite actor? Cathy: Tom Cruise. Leila: I like Robert de Nero most. Asking about favorite things What's your favorite sport? What sport do you like best? What sport do you like most? What kind of sport do you like best? Who's your favorite football player? Responding My favorite sport is football I like football best I like football most My favorite football player is Ronaldo Things to remember : "Favourite" is British spelling "Favorite" is American spelling Task 1. Discuss with your group. Then practice in front of the class talk about your favorite things

142

C. Reading section Task 1. Read the dialogue talk about Indonesian movie “Ketika Cinta Bertasbih 1” begins with the view of Egypt from above. The story continued with Khairul Azzam’s journey, he was an Indonesian student who studied in Al Azzhar University, Egypt. He hadn’t graduated yet for nine years because he prefered work to study. His father had died, so he had to feed himself and his family in Solo. He sold meatball and Tempe which was the taste was so delicious, until his sales were well-known to Egyptian’s KBRI and also it had introduced him with Eliana Pramesti, the daughter of Mr. Alam, Indonesia's ambassador in Egypt. Because of Eliana’s life style didn’t fit with Azzam, so Mr. Ali suggest Azzam to propose Anna Althafunnisa, she was a stratum 2 of Kuliyyatul Banaat in Alexandria. Azzam asked Ustadz Mujab to help him to propose Anna because Azzam didn’t have money to return to Indonesia to meet Anna. Unfortunately, Anna had been proposed by Furqon, Azzam’s friend. He was a rich boy and smart. Furqon would finish his final examination. He chose to stay in hotel to study. But, he had been tricked by a bunch of racketeers and had been infected with AIDS. This incident had made a dilemma for Furqon to stay married with Anna or not. Because he knew that it will destroy Anna’s life. Besides, there was a story about Azzam’s friends in his rented house. Many kinds of love stories had been here. The saddest story is when

143

Fadhil sings a song in Tiara’s wedding. The song is intended to Tiara, the girl who loved Fadhil. The story continues with the story of Azzam’s sister, Ayatul Husna. Husna sent good news to Azzam, she told Azzam that he did not need to send money again to his family, because now Husna had worked. Husna’s salaries were sufficient to feed her family. Azzam miss his family so much, so he decided to focus on study to finish it as soon as possible, and finally he has graduated. Azzam kept his promise to return to Indonesia and find soul mates there. http://riawidianti021.blogspot.com/2014/02/movie-review-ketika-cinta-bertasbih- 1.html

D. Writing section Task 1. Write a short paragraph about your favorite entertainments. By these picture.

https://adatistiadatlombok.files.wordpress.com/2017/02/nyongkolan-adat-istiadat- lombok-tengah-lombok-timur-lombok-barat-lombok-utara-lombok-selatan- mataram-budaya-dan-tradisi-lombok.jpg?w=676

144

......

E. Vocabulary section Task 1. Add your vocabulary This is a list of vocabulary items related to entertainment People Arts and Crafts Places actor / actress carving art gallery artist drawing bar audience knitting cinema backing group painting cafè ballerina pottery Circus choreographer sculpture concert hall cast sewing exhibition center composer museum conductor nightclub dancer opera house director pub drummer restaurant guitarist (lead / bass) stadium magician theater musician zoo orchestra

145

painter pianist playwright producer saxophonist sculptor singer vocalist violinist

Task 2. Match the items on the right to the items on the above Tune Talent Applauded Stage Scenes Tales Audiences Famous perform Broadcast Rehearsed Entertain Costume Script Sketch Fiction Rhythm

1. Pelé is perhaps the most ...... soccer player in the history of the sport. 2. I know the ...... so that song, but I don't know the words 3. The festival featured a number of musical performances, as well as clowns and games to ...... the children

146

4. The audience ...... wildly when the band appeared on stage 5. This movie might not be appropriate for children; there are several ...... of a sexual nature 6. Sue's daughter has a lot of ...... I'm sure she will become a professional actress someday 7. My daughter did a wonderful ...... of a dragon in only a few minutes 8. The band ...... for weeks before finally beginning to record 9. This story is ...... It sounds real, but it is purely from the writer's imagination 10. The students were sharing folk ...... from their countries in class today 11. The children assembled on ...... to sing the national anthem 12. The actress spent the morning going over her lines in the ...... 13. They have a whale in the aquarium that ...... tricks for spectators at 3:00 daily 14. The play we saw was really boring; half the ...... fell a sleep 15. The news was ...... early this morning 16. He is paid $10.00 an hour to stand on the street wearing a gorilla ...... with the name of a pizza shop on it 17. My grand daughter is in a music class where they learn to tap little drums to the ...... of simple melodies

147

F. Grammar Section 1. Adverb of Time Rules of Adverbs of Time  Adverbs of time are most effective when placed at the end of sentences. Example : 1. My house was burgled yesterday. 2. I must go to see a doctor to treat my persistent cough tomorrow. However, some adverbs of time can also be put in other positions to give a different emphasis. Example : 1. Later Rachel ate the apple pie. (Here, time is important) 2. Rachel later ate the apple pie. (Here, we see a more formal usage) 3. Rachel ate the apple pie later. (This is a neutral position) Adverbs of time are most effective at the end of the sentence when describing for how long an action occurred. Example : 1. I have been up on my feet all day. 2. Alice was on the phone with her friend for hours. Adverbs of time are most effective at the end of the sentence when expressing the number of times an action occurs. Example : 1. The milkman comes on time daily. 2. We love to go out for dinners weekly.

148

When using more than one adverb of time in a sentence, we must use a specific order where how long is addressed first, then how often and lastly, when.

Example: 1. Mia worked as an assistant at the NGO for four days every week last year. 2. I have been working as a volunteer at a hospital for two days every week this year. Examples of Adverbs of Time] Back to Top Adverbs of time show us when, how long and how often an action occurs. Let’s see how some of the representative words for each are used in example sentences. When : Afterwards, soon, today, yesterday, later, now, last year, Saturday, Sunday, next week For how : Since, all hours, all day, not long, for a while, long since last year, for three days, for a week, for several years, for two centuries How often : Regularly, usually, sometimes, frequently, occasionally, never, often, yearly “When” Adverbs :  Yesterday Susan went to meet all her college friends at an alumni party.  I am definitely going to clean up my room tomorrow.  Alice said she will finish her work by next week.  I will complete the project soon. "For how long" Adverbs:

149

 You can’t expect me to work all day!  We lived in Italy for a year before coming here.  Is it fine if Jenny plays with your toys for a while, Henry?  I have been suffering from an allergic cough since last month.

"How often" Adverbs:  Our neighbors subscribe to a weekly magazine.  Mrs. Carlson visits his family living in the outskirts of the city once a month.  She is often heard playing the piano in the wee hours of the morning.  John usually gets up late in the morning.  I eventually went to the shops. Adverbs of Time List When Adverbs How Long How Often where point of time Adverbs Adverbs is definite Yesterday All morning Frequently Today For hours Never Tomorrow Since last Sometimes week Later All day Often Last year For a long Annually time Now In a few Daily minutes

150

Then Since Fortnightly Sunday Tonight Since last Hourly year Early For four Monthly days Next For a week Nightly After For a while Quarterly Afterwards Since Weekly Soon For two Yearly centuries Last week Seldom Long ago Rarely In the mornings Many times Many years ago Exercise 1. Identify the adverbs of time in the following sentences  Do you still work for the catering company?  We normally eat at home. But, we do eat out once in a while.  How often do you go for a movie?  Susan gets up early in the morning.  She is always late for her dance class.  Will they be gone for an entire month?  I've been working here since 2011.  Mrs. Chairman always dresses in fashionable clothes.  My big brother goes to college in the autumn.  My shoes will be too small for me next year.

151

 We haven't received the letter yet.  I need to renew my certification next summer.  I have never been to the US, but eventually I will go there next year.

2. Identify the “how long” adverbs in the sentences below. Note that only some sentences contain “how long” adverbs  We have been waiting for the train all day  I will see you later. Will that work for you?  Mr. and Mrs. Smith have lived in France since 2004  She seldom asks people to help her  It has been raining since morning. I wish it would stop now  Dinner has already been served  He still hasn't finished what he was told to do  We'll celebrate his birthday in three days  When Julia talks to her boyfriend, she is really happy. This month, however, she hasn't seen him yet  My daughter and I often go to the zoo

152 UNIT 11 I’M Sorry to Hear That

Learning objective

In this section, you will learn how to :  Express the language expression of showing sympathy for daily communication.  Respond to expression of sympathy and giving attention  The students are able to group the expression of sympathy, and

giving attention.

Grammar intact  Adverb of condition

153 Feeling Happy

https://www.aturduit.com/articles/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Sasak.jpg

A. Listening section Task 1. Listen the conversation below Wedding Party Azmi : Their wedding was absolutely beautiful Linda : It really was. I want a wedding like that Azmi : How much do you think they spent on their wedding? linda : I think it might've cost them a nice chunk of change Azmi : Do you want a big wedding like that? Linda : Not really. I'd rather have a small wedding Azmi : I wouldn't want a small wedding Linda : Why not? Azmi : I want my wedding to be big and memorable

154 Linda : It can be small and memorable too Azmi : Well, to each his own Linda : You are absolutely right

B. Speaking section Expressing Sympathy

Task 1. Look at the pictures. How To Express Sympathy : What To Say And What Not to Say

Expressing Sympathy Expression of Respond of Giving attention sympathy sympathy I’m sorry to hear Thank you What’s wrong with that It’s ok you? I’m awfully sorry No problemo Why you look so about… sad today?

155 Oh, Dear ! You look so bad Oh what a shame now? How pity you are Is everything okay? Are you okay?

The example of dialogue expressing symphty : Rina : Hi, Doni. What's up? You look so sad Doni : Yea, my grandpa died last night Rina : Really? I'm sorry to hear that. Doni : Thanks Rina : If I'm not mistaken, he is in Bandung, right? Doni : Yes. We haven't visited him yet. Rina : Does your family plan to go to Bandung? Doni : Yes. Tonight. We are going to leave for Bandung Rina : Oh, I hope your family will be fine Doni : Thanks a lot, Rina

156 Dialogue 1 Anna : Why do you look so sad? Vina : I lost my mobile phone Anna : I’m sorry to hear that. When it happened? Vina : It happened when I went to railroad station to buy a ticket yesterday Anna : Have you contacted your mobile phone number? Vina : I have contacted several times, but it seems my mobile phone number is not active. Anna : You should contact the police Vina : Thanks for your advice. I will try it later

Dialogue 2 Hana : Rina, do you know what happen to Tina? Rina : No. What happen to her? Hana : She was hit by a car yesterday. Rina : I’m sorry to hear that. How is she? Hana : Luckily, she is not seriously injured. She is being treated in the hospital now Rina : Thank goodness.

C. Reading section My day I had a terrible day yesterday. First, I w o k e u p a n h o u r l a t e b e c a u s e my alarm clock didn't go off. Then, I was in such a hurry that I burned my hand when I was making breakfast. After breakfast, I got dressed so quickly that I forgot to wear socks.

157 Next, I ran out of the house trying to get the 9:30 bus, but of course I missed it. I wanted to take a taxi, but I didn’t have enough money. Finally, I walked the three miles to my school only to discover that it was Sunday! I hope I never have a day as the one I had yesterday.

Task 1. Read the text and choose the correct answer to the following questions 1. What happened to the writer yesterday? a. He has a terrible day b. He gets a terrible day c. He had a terrible day d. He got a terrible day 2. Why did he wake up an hour late? a. Because he didn't set alarm clock. b. Because his alarm clock didn't go off c. Because he didn't see alarm clock d. Because his alarm clock didn't work 3. What did he do after having breakfast? a. He got dressed so quickly that he forgot to wear socks b. He wear socks so quickly that he forgot to get dressed c. He ran out of the house trying to get the 9:30 bus d. He burned his hand when he was making breakfast 4. How far did the writer walk? a. He walked for two miles b. He walked for three miles c. He walked for four miles d. He walked for ﬁve miles

158 D. Writing section Task 1. Make a dialog based on the situation below! Use the expression to show attention and sympathy above! Practice the dialog in front of the classroom!

Task 2. Look at the picture. Then express your feeling and Write down into one paragraph ......

159 E. Vocabulary Section Task 1. Enrich your vocabulary words

Ekspresi Arti What a pity Kasihan sekali Wow, that's awful Wow, mengerikan sekali Oh, that's dreadful Oh, menakutkan That's too bad Parah banget/sayang sekali What a shame/That's a Memalukan sekali shame Oh, kasihan sekali kamu Oh, poor you Betapa mengerikannya How terrible Betapa mengganggunya How upsetting/How Oh tidak, aku turut sedih/prihatin annoying mendengarnya Oh no, sorry to hear that Aku memahami apa yang kamu I know how you feel rasakan Oh dear, I am awfully sorry Oh teman, aku sungguh prihatin

160 Task 2. Words and expressions No Words Expression 1. Good news It’s really great, I’m so happy. 2. Happy I’m delighted to hear that. 3. Happiness It’s gives me satisfaction. 4. Bad news I’m very sorry to hear that! 5. Sympathy That is pity/Shame! 6. Affection Are you Ok? 7. Terrible What a terrible situations! 8. Condolence Please accept my condolences!

Task 3. Match the adjective with the faces

I’m so excited Angry Happy Bored Source: Esl.lab.com How are you feeling at the moment?- I’m Feeling……

161 F. Grammar section In this lesson, we have discussed about the conjunction used adverbial clauses. There are Adverb Clause of Condition This clause is used to show that one thing depends on another

Clause Maker Function Examples If If clause contains the If I fell better tomorrow, condition and the I’ll go to class main clause contains the result Whether or not To say that a  Whether or not I feel Even if situation will not be well tomorrow, I’ll go affected by one thing to class or another  Even if I am sick tomorrow, I am going to school. unless Means ‘if.. not  Unless I feel well, I won’t go to school. Unless is also used  YoSu can’t go out for threats and unless you finish your warning homework Only if Only if means there They will accept me as is only one condition the member only if I can for a certain result do the entrance test well In case To walk about I’ll make some extra food things we do because in case john wants to say for dinner

162 we think something else might happen

Task 1. Chose the correct answer 1. I will be at my friend's house in ___ call me. a. case you should need to b. case you should need c. which you should need to d. that you should need to 2. ___ enough time, I exercise every day. a. Had I b. Whereas I have c. If have I d. If I have 3. In the event that you should fail the first writing assignment for this class, I ___ you one more week to revise. a. would give b. will give c. will have given d. give 4. John would exercise more ___ time. a. have he more b. because he more had c. if he had more d. if he had many 5. Even___, I'm going to Newport Beach. a. the weather is cold b. if the weather cold is c. if the weather is cold d. if the cold weather is 6. If John had had more time, he ___ the report. a. will have finished b. would have finished c. would finish d. would have finish 7. I will go swimming tomorrow ___. a. because it is too cold b. unless it is too cold c. unless too cold it is d. unless it too is Cod

163 8. ___, I always get a headache in the afternoon. a. If I skip breakfast and lunch b. If I breakfast and lunch skip c. Skip I breakfast and lunch d. If to skip breakfast and lunch

164 UNIT 12 Education

Learning objective

 The students are able to respond to the expression of capability/inability  The students are able to express the idea of expression capability/inability  Apply the expression in interpersonal conversation for daily

communication..

 Grammar intact  Modal and infinitive

165 A. Listening Section I Go To College

Task 1. listen to the audio conversation 1 a : do you go to college? b : yes, i do a : what college do you go to? b : i go to pasadena city college a : do you like it? b : oh, yes, i really like it a : why do you like it? b : because it has great teachers a : what else? b : i like all my classmates, too a : anything else? b : yes. it's not expensive!

166 B. speaking Section Task 1. An expression of capability is used for expressing of our ability to do something. 1. Asking for capability / ability  do you think you are capable of…..?  Do you think you’re able to . . . .?  Do you think you can , , , ,?  are you capability of . . . .?  are you capable to……?  are you able to  Are you capable of…?  Do you know how to…?  Do you know anything about…?  Do you have the experience to…?  can / could you ……? 2. Expressing capability / ability  I think I can . . . .  Yes, I can  I thought I’m able to . . . . .  I think I’m capable enough.  I am capable of doing it  I’m able to……  I have the ability to do it  I’m good at . . . .  I can / could do it 3. Showing incapability / inability  I’m not sure I’m capable of doing it  I’m not capable of doing it

167  I am not able to……  I don’t think I can’t do it.  I am not good at…  I have no idea how…  I have no experience of…  No, I don’t know how to…  I don’t know anything about…  I am not sure I know how to…  (I am afraid) I cannot cope (with)…  I would not know where to begin or start…  I don’t think I have experience or ability to…  Sorry, I can’t do it.  I’m incapable of doing it.  I don’t think i have ability  I’m not sure i can  I won’t be able to  I can’t / couldn’t do it Example in Dialogue : Winna : Can we have a talk? Wanda : Yes. What’s up? Winna : I’m gonna tell you that you’re chosen to be our representative to : join Indonesia-Australia Students Exchange. Wanda : Really. Who said that? Winna : Our English teacher, Mr. Robert. Wanda : Thanks for telling. Do you think I’m capable enough? Winna : I think so. Your English is good. And, you always win thebest student in

168 : our school. I thought you are capable to be our representative. Wanda : Thank you. I hope I can do my best. Winna : So do I. Don’t forget to bring me a special gift from there. Wanda : Don’t worry

C. Reading Section

https://www.inovasee.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Idola-kampus.jpg

English as an International Language About one hundre d years ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met people from other countries. Today most people speak English when they meet foreigners. It has become the new international language. There are more people who speak English as a second language than people who speak English as a first language. Why is this?

169 There are many reasons why English has become so popular. One of them is that English has become the language of business. Another important reason is that popular American culture (like movies, music, and McDonald's) has quickly spread throughout the world. It has brought its language with it. Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so quickly? I don't know. It's important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common. Our world has become very global and we need to communicate with one another. On the other hand, English is a fairly complicated language to learn and it brings its culture with it. Do we really need that? Scientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isn't too difficult and doesn't include any one group's culture. It is called Esperanto. But it hasn't become popular. But maybe the popularity of English won't last that long either. Who knows? There are more people in the world who speak Chinese than any other language. Maybe someday Chinese will be the new international language. http://www.5minuteenglish.com

Task 1. Answer the question above briefly 1. What was the world language 100 years ago? 2. Which group is larger- people who speak English as a first language or people who speak English as a second language? 3. What are two reasons English has become an international language today? 4. What are two reasons English isn't a good international language? 5. What is Esperanto? 6. What might the future international language?

170 D. Writing section

Task 1. Look at the pictures above then answer the following questions. 1. Do you know what picture is it? 2. Why we learn English? 3. What do you think about English as a global?

Task 2. Read the following text and answer the question below

Classroom Ups and Downs Tom : We're both English teachers. Is there anything you hate about teaching English? Jess: There's actually not much that I hate about teaching English but there is one thing which drives me balmy, and annoys me more than

171 anything else and that's correcting the same mistake over, and over, and over again, and it seems that every country in which I've worked, every nationality in English learners have one mistake that they always make over and over again. In Hungary, when you say how are you to a Hungarian student, they'll reply in English, I'm feeling myself well, which is a direct translation from Hungarian but sounds rather strange and a little bit rude in English, and I must have corrected that mistake millions of times while I was there. The same students again and again and again and again, so the repetition of making the same correction really gets my goat. How about you? What do you hate about teaching? Tom : I really wouldn't say I hate something about teaching, but I definitely think there are things that waste my time when I'm teaching. After every lesson, I very carefully right up a lesson plan, bring all those materials together, put it in a little plastic wallet and store it away in a folder, and I know full well I will never open that folder to read about that lesson again. I kind of approach every lesson as fresh and new and try and come up with something different and every time I'm writing them all up, doing all this paperwork and I really don't need to. I need to get in control of myself and stop doing that. You told me what you most dislike about teaching, but I'm sure you love this job. What are some things you like about English teaching? Jess : I think the thing I like the most about teaching is what I call the "Ah-hah" moment when you're studying a language point with a class or a student and you can almost see physically the moment they understand, they moment they're able to make sense of the language of they can do the task that you've asked them to do, and you can almost see a light bulb go off above their head, "Ah-hah! Now I understand." and I love that. I love the surge of confidence that gives the students and

172 also makes me feel really good that I helped them to reach that point. What do you love about teaching Tom? Tom: The thing I really love is right at the end of the course, when the students come up to you after a long time of haranguing about homework and about being late and about correction and drilling and the students come up and say, "Teacher, we're all going to dinner at the end of the course. Do you want to come with us?" and that must makes me smile. Now, I know I saying this to you Jess, but I know there's a lot of people out there listening to this. It really makes my heart warm to go and have some social time with the students at the end of a long course. Jess : So the thing you like most about teaching is when the teaching is finished? Tom: Oh, you've got me on that one, yes

Task 3. Answer the question 1. Why has English become an international language 2. Where is English used nowadays? 3. What difficulties do you have in learning English? 4. Is it enough to know only one foreign language?

Elaborate some point of your opinion about English as an international language make into short paragraph.

......

173 E. Vocabulary section Task 1. Enrich the vocabularies below

National countries use English as a global language Australia Language : Bahasa Selandia Baru English : Bahasa Inggris Inggris Indonesian : Bahasa Indonesia Amerika Serikat Americans : Bahasa Amerika India Sasaknes : Bahasa Sasak Pakistan Baliness : Bahasa Bali Nigeria Filipina Etiopia Afrika Selatan Tanzania Kenya Kanada Sudan Uganda Ghana Kamerun Irlandia

174 Singapura Trinidad & Tobago

Task 2. Translate to the Indonesian language. Then find out the difficult words

Why learn English? English is a universal language and is spoken in many countries in the world. English is the official language of 45 countries in the world. Communication is very important in today's time; English provides the medium for all the cultures to communicate through books, movies, plays, internet or other resources. Many companies in today's time require their employees to be well versed with English, so that they can communicate with the company's international clients. In such a situation, employees with good command on the language are at an advantage. All computer languages use English as its base language, so one needs to know Basic English to be an IT professional. This is why learning English is really important for a person in these times. Reasons to learn English may be different for different people; some might do it for a better job opportunity while others may do it to communicate on a global platform. Those who want to give exams for further studies also need to improve their language; especially those preparing for the exams like SAT, GRE, TOEFL and GMAT. These exams test the students command over basic and advanced level of English through exercises like sentence completion, comprehension, antonyms and synonyms. Such exams require strenuous preparation on the part of the students; another reason to learn English. The most

175 importance and basic reason to learn English is to become a speaker and writer, so as to communicate the thoughts and emotions.

F. Grammar section This lesson, we will learn Modal Verbs, Infinities and Gerunds in the Passive Voice Forming the passive voice The passive voice is not a tense in English. Each tense has its own passive voice which is created by using a form of the auxiliary verb to be + V3 (past participle) The passive voice in each tense :

Auxiliary verb + Tense sample V3 (past Examples participle)

Wine is made from Present grapes. am, is, are + made simple Many cars are made in Japan.

The document is being Present am, is, are + being + sent right now. progressive sent I am being sent to work in the London office.

John was invited to Past simple was, were + invited speak at the conference. We were invited to

176 Auxiliary verb + Tense sample V3 (past Examples participle)

Daniel and Mary’s wedding.

The dog was being washed when I got Past was, were + being + home. progressive washed Their cars were being washed while they were in the mall shopping.

The contract will be signed tomorrow. Future (will) will be + signed The documents will all be signed by next week.

A bridge is going to be built within the next Future am, is, are + going two years. (going to) to be + built New houses are going to be built in our neighborhood.

Present has, have + been + That start-up has been perfect sold sold for $5 million.

177 Auxiliary verb + Tense sample V3 (past Examples participle)

The rights to his book have been sold for $250,000.

The new manager had been hired before John left the company. Past perfect had + been + hired All the employees had hired before the store opened.

The car will have been loaded by the time he Future will + have been + gets home. perfect finished The crates will have been loaded by then.

A passport can only be issued at the embassy. Modals: can, could + be + He said the documents can/could issued could be issued within the week.

178 Auxiliary verb + Tense sample V3 (past Examples participle)

A babysitter has to be arranged for this Modal: have have to, has to, had evening. to to + be+ arranged Joan’s travel plans have to be arranged by December.

Criminals must be Modal: must must + be + stopped stopped before they commit crimes.

Task 1. Fill in the correct passive form of the verb in parentheses

Passive Voice – Exercises Examples : 1. After the earthquake, aid was sent to the people of Haiti. (sent) 2. The electricity was cut off because the bill hadn’t been paid. (not pay) 3. Penicillin ______by Alexander Fleming in 1928. (discover) 4. Statements ______from all the witnesses at this moment. (take) 5. Whales ______by an international ban on whaling. (must protect) 6. Both weddings ______by Good Taste. (cater)

179 7. A Picasso ____ from the Metropolitan Museum of Art.(steal) 8. ____ this washing machine ______in Germany? (make) 9. Tea _____ in China. (grow) 10. When we reached the airport, we found that all the flights____ due to the storm. (cancel) 11. The fax _____ until tomorrow morning. (not send) 12. The soundtrack of a movie _____ always _____ after the filming is finished. (is/add)

180 UNIT 13 The Digital Age

After studying this unit, you will be able to :  Explain the meaning of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)  Give an overview of applications of ICT in general and educational context in specific  Identify possible information tasks that can be done with technology

 Identify major landmarks in ICT evolution  Analyze the strengths and concerns associated with ICT use  The students are able to express cause and effect in daily communication Grammar intact  Past Simple  Past continuous

 Past perfect

181 Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

https://hellosehat.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/WEB-Kids-Lifestyle-Inti-St- Clair-is201008100247copy-758x467.jpg?x54339

A. Listening Section Task 1. Listen and read the dialogue

Ghaisan Faroby : So, Zhaira Alifia, let's talk about technology. These days we have all types of new technology, computers Zhaira Alifia : Can we just end this right now. I don't like technology, so can we talk about something else Ghaisan Faroby : What? You don't like technology Zhaira Alifia : No, I don't like technology

182 Ghaisan Faroby : What do you mean you don't like technology? Zhaira Alifia : Technology is, I think it's gone against what it was originally invented for, and that is for convenience to make people's lives easier and to give them more free time, and I think it's totally gone against what it was originally invented to do Ghaisan Faroby : Yeah, but technology does make your lived easier, like it saves us time, it communicates Zhaira Alifia : But does it save us time? Ghaisan Faroby : I think so. I mean, before you had to type something up, now you can just type it up on a word processor. It's quicker. Before you had to walk to a phone. Now the phone is in your pocket. You can just pick it up and call anytime, anywhere in the world

Check your understanding Answer these questions 1) What does Jeff say about technology? a) He does not like it b) He doesn' want to discuss it c) Both of these 2) Why does he dislike technology? a) It's hard to learn b) b) It takes our free time away c) c) It makes people lazy

183 3) What does Todd think about technology? a) It saves time b) He agrees with Jeff c) It is his passion

B. Speaking Section Task 1. Pay attention to the expressions cause and effect and other

1. Cause and effect When we talk about an effect resulting from a certain cause, we use expressions such as: because, since, as, owing to, due to... Examples  The police arrested him because he broke into a bank  The police arrested him since he broke into a bank  She can't read the letter as she is illiterate  He can't run fast for he is too fat  Owing to his intelligence, he managed to solve the problem  Due to the bad weather, they didn't go for a picnic 2. Other ways to express cause and effect : You can also express cause and effect as follows :  The cause of …is…  …is caused by / is due to …  Thanks to ... Examples : The cause of global warming is pollution. Global warming is caused by pollution. is due to

184 Thanks to his hard work , he passed the exam 3. Is there a difference between due to and owing to? Owing to and due to are used interchangeably by native speakers although some state that there is a difference. 1. Due to: If you can use caused by then you can also use due to: Example: "The cancellation of the flight was due to (caused by) high winds." 2. Owing to: If you can use because of then you should use owing to rather than due to: Example: "The flight was canceled owing to (because of) high winds." 3. Use of thanks to People tend to use thanks to in positive situations. Example: "Thanks to his intelligence he managed to find the solution to that math problem." Sometimes thanks to is used ironically in a negative way Example: "Did she lose the election?" "Yeah, thanks to you and to all the others who didn't bother to vote." "The baby is awake thanks to your shouting."

185 4. Things to remember about cause and effect: 1. Due to, because of, owing to and thanks to are followed by a noun. 2. Because, since, as, for are followed by a verb. Due to Because of + Noun Owing to Thanks to

because since Subject + Verb as for Examples :  Due to his laziness, he didn't pass the exam.  Thanks to her beauty, she attracted the attention of all the guests.  Because / since /as / they are in love, they forgive each other's mistakes.

186 Task 2. Look at the picture and practice with your friends on front of the class using cause and effect expression

187 C. Reading section Task 1. Read the following text and do the comprehension questions

What is the internet? The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite, a set of communications protocols, to serve billions of users worldwide. The internet has reshaped and redefined most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television. This has given birth to new services. Newspaper, book and other print publishing are adapting to Web site technology, or are reshaped into blogging and web feeds. The Internet has enabled or accelerated new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has boomed both for major retail outlets and small artisans and traders. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries. The origins of the Internet reach back to research of the 1960s, commissioned by the United States government in collaboration with private commercial interests to build robust, fault-tolerant, and distributed computer networks. The commercialization of what was by the 1990s an international network resulted in its popularization and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2011, more than 2.1 billion people — nearly a third of Earth's population — use the services of the Internet

188 1. The internet has completely dethroned traditional media. a. True b. False 2. The internet has had an impact on commerce. a. True b. False 3. The internet was first introduced in the 1990s. a. True b. False 4. More than a quarter of the Earth’s population are internet users a. True b. False

Task 3. Answer the question 1. What does the effect of ICT? 2. Tell us the negative and positive effect ICT for educate?

D. Writing section Task 1. Read and elaborate the advantages of ICT

E- Learning Various definitions can be found for the” e-learning”. Victoria L. Tinio, for example, states that” e-learning” includes learning at all levels, formal and informal, which uses a computer network (intranet and extranet) for the delivery of teaching materials, interaction, and / or facilitation. For most of the process of learning that takes place with the help of the Internet is often referred to as online learning. Broader definition proposed in the working paper SEAMOLEC, the e-learning is

189 learning through electronic services. Although a variety of definitions but basically agreed that the e-learning is learning by using electronic technology as a means of presenting and distributing information. Included in the definition of educational television and radio broadcasts is a form of e-learning. Although radio and television education is a form of e-learning, it is generally agreed that e-learning reaches peak form after synergize with internet technology. Internet-based learning or web-based learning in its simplest form is the” website” are used to present learning materials. This method enables learners to access learning resources provided by the speakers or facilitators whenever desired. If it is necessary that may also be provided mailing list specifically for the learning website that serves as a forum for discussion. E-learning facility” complete” provided by a special software called software or learning management LMS (learning management system). Current running LMS-based Internet technology so it can be accessed from anywhere over the available access to the internet. Facilities provided include the management of students or learners, learning materials management, learning management, including management of learning evaluation and management of communication between learners with facilitators. This facility enables the learning activities are managed in the absence of face-to-face between the parties involved (administrators, facilitators, learners or learners). ‘Presence’ the parties involved are represented by e-mail, chat channel, or via video conference. In today’s era where information and communication technology is rapidly developed and turns to be a lifestyle for people throughout ages and places, its literacy has undoubtedly become a prior necessity. The sensitivity of the technology helps one in attending a more important

190 task and in attaining a higher achievement in the area of education, professional career, and social relationship at which its literacy is a major requisite. ICT which stands for Information and Communication and Technology, is elaborated as follows.

Task 2. Look at the picture and answer the question 1. What do you think about this picture? 2. Which are the ICT is the best for education?

Task 3. Look at the pictures. Chose one picture with your partner and make a short paragraph clearly. What does the Advantages ICT in English Learning ......

191 E. Vocabulary section Task 1. The following figure traces a trajectory of evolution of various technology tools that are popularly used in the educational practice.

Vocabulary Challenge

192 Task 2. Complete the sentences with the words below it's not like  end of the day  got used to apart from  stick to

1. Halfway through the semester she finally ...... living on very little sleep 2. At the ...... I'm happy that I decided to move here 3...... I have all the time in the world to clean up after you 4. You need to make a decision and ...... it 5. I don't eat a lot of meat ...... chicken

F. Grammar section 1. Past simple We can use the past simple for actions that started and finished in the past, for example a series of events in someone’s life  Nelson Mandela was born in 1918. He became the first black President of South Africa. He spent 27 years in prison in his battle against the system of apartheid. The past simple is often used in stories and dialogue, too.  When Bobby went down for breakfast, Matt looked up.  “Did you hear the storm last night?”  Bobby didn’t answer.  Your brother went out last night. He didn’t come back. Do you know where he went?”  Bobby’s heart sank. She knew exactly where Dan had gone… 2. Past continuous We use the past continuous for background information and to describe a scene or situation that continued for some time.

193  At 6 o’clock that evening Dan was still missing. Bobby was feeling worried.  Bonnie was barking loudly 3. Past simple and past continuous We often use the past simple and past continuous together when one action interrupts another  I was strolling along the beach one day when suddenly, Bonnie ran off.  It was still raining when Bobby woke up the next morning. Dan was sitting at the table when she went into the kitchen 4. Past simple and past perfect We can use the past perfect with the past simple together in a sentence to describe an action that happened before another past action  I quickly realized that the storm the previous night had washed up the body  Bobby knew that Dan hadn’t wanted to come home but she also knew that he hadn’t had any other option 5. Past perfect continuous We use this tense to describe something that has been happening over a long period of time  I could tell that the body had been lying on the beach for several hours because the man’s clothes were dry  Britain had been trying to negotiate a peaceful settlement between Poland and Germany

194 Task 1. Complete these conversations. Choose the correct answer  Was to have had  Use to spend  Had been crying  Were working  Hadn’t been  Were driving  Would take  Met

1. Phill and his wife ...... when they were teaching in Botswana. 2. We never thought the journey ...... so long. 3. Their car broke down as they ...... home. 4. We wanted to go to Peru because we ...... there before. 5. Hello, Karen. I thought you ...... at the London office this week 6. When she arrived her eyes were very red. I think she ...... 7. When I was a student I ...... my evenings studying in the library. 8. The President a ...... meeting with the Prime Minister, but it was cancelled

195

196 REFERENCES

Hornby, A.S. 1962. A Guide to Patterns and Usage in English, published Oxford University Junaidi, S. 2008. Complete English Grammar. Pustaka Pelajar. Johanna, B.S &Sulasbawiatini, E & Haryanto, Y. 2008. Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Modul . Universitas Terbuka Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Lingga, Hotben D., 2006. Advanced English Grammar for Toefl Preparation, Jakarta: Puspa Swara Murphy, R. 1998. English Grammar in Use Second Edition. Melbourne: The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. S.S, Nurholis. 2010. Let’s Speak English, Speaking Specific Purpose. Pustaka Setia S.S, Nurholis. 2009. Mastering English ( Mahir Berbaasa Inggris Dengan Aspek Reseptif dan Aspek Produktif). Pustaka Setia Prihantoro, A. 2016. 100 Games for Teaching English . pusparagam Permainan Seru untuk Mengajar Reading, Listening, Speaking dan Developing Vocabulary.Pustaka Pelajar (IKAPI). Riyanto, S. 2008. English Grammar, An Effective Way To Master English. Pustaka Pelajar. Suryadi dan Junaida, 2011, Complete English Gramar, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Tom Hutchinson, 1998. English for Specific Purpose, Cambridge University Press, T. Bruce & Mary N.B., 1985. Speaking Naturally, Cambridge University, Cambridge,

197 Wibowo, Johan. 2012. Grammar for Easy English Speaking, Lampung: Aura Yusakarim, Y.S. (2009) English for Sport, Health and Recreation. FPOK- UPI, Bandung.

198 Biodata Penulis

M. Mugni Assapari, lahir pada 17 September 1983 di Kabar Utara, Kabupaten Lombok Timur, NTB. Berasal dari keluarga sederhana dan berpendidikan. Namun, beruntung, dapat mengenyam pendidikan formal di SD/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah NW Kabar, yang cukup kental dengan nilai-nilai keagamaan Islam, dan lulus tahun 1995. Selanjutnya meneruskan sekolah di SMP/Madrasah Tsanawiyah NW Kabar, tamat tahun 1998, dan di MAKN (Madrasah Aliyah Keagamaan Putra dan SMA/Madrasah Aliyah Muallimin NW Pancor, tamat tahun 2001. Kuliah di Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris di Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Hamzanwadi Selong tahun 2001. Lulus tahun 2006. Tahun 2008, Penulis melanjutkan studi S2 Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris di Universitas Akhmad DakhlanYogyakarta. Hanya dalam waktu 1 tahun 8 bulan (2010), gelar Magister Pendidikan (M.Pd. B.I.) diraihnya. dibawah bimbingan Prof. Dr. Bustami, M. Pd. Tahun 2011 sampai sekarang menjadi dosen UIN Mataram. Sebagai kegiatan sehari-hari dalam menerapkan ilmu dan pengetahuan dalam membimbing mahasiswa. Saat ini, Penulis tengah menempuh studi lanjut S3 di Program Studi Ilmu Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni di Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Singaraja (UNDIKSHA) angkatan 2014. Nomor Induk Mahasiswa (NIM) 1439021004. disertasi dengan judul “Pengembangan Perangkat

199 Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris 1 Dengan Pendektan Kontekstual Untuk Mahasiswa UIN Mataram, 2018 – 2019.” Penulis ini dapat dihubungi pada alamat berikut. Alamat kantor: UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI (UIN) MATARAM Jalan Pendidikan No. 35 Telp. (0370) 621298-625337-fax. 625337 Mataram Alamat e-mail: [email protected].

200