Behavioral Ecology BIO417 -- Fall 2013

Instructor: Dr. Susan Lewis Class: 8-9:50 T,Th Office: 110 Rankin Lab: 12 - 3:50 p.m. Thursday Phone: 524-7279 Office Hours: by appointment E-mail: [email protected] (preferred)

Course Description and Goals: This course is concerned with the functions of animal behavior -- in what ways (if any) is a particular behavior adaptive and how did it evolve? We will focus primarily on social behavior of non-human, vertebrate animals. Through a combination of lecture, laboratories, discussions, and other activities, my goal is that you become aware of both the diversity of animal social behaviors and the methods scientists use to understand them.

Course Objectives: At the conclusion of this course, you should be able to: 1. Understand and give examples of the role that evolution plays in shaping animal behavior and the levels at which selection operates Assessment: Class discussions, Assignments, Exams 2. Use language of behavioral ecologist with precision and accuracy. Assessment: Class discussions, Exams 3. Explain potential sources of conflict as well as of cooperation in interactions such as those between males and females, parents and offspring, and members of the same social group Assessment: Class discussions, Assignments, Exams 4. Hypothesize, with appropriate empirical support, how various environmental parameters would be expected to impact the behavior of an animal species Assessment: Class discussions, Assignments, Exams 5. Critically analyze and discuss an article from the primary literature in animal behavior Assessment: Class discussions, Research project proposal, Final paper 6. Identify the strengths and weaknesses of various behavioral research methods and demonstrate the ability to select an appropriate methodology for a particular situation. Assessment: Discussions, Exams, Research project proposal 7. Design and carry out a research project in animal behavior, including identifying the research question, constructing an ethogram, selecting the proper sampling technique, analyzing data, making connections to previous research, and presenting results Assessment: Assignments, Research project proposal, Poster, Final paper

Expectations: This is an upper-level, seminar course. You are expected to participate actively in class discussions and to prevent me from monopolizing class with my lectures! You need to read and understand the material assigned for each class. The book is fun (if you’re a geek, so most of you will like it). When we read articles, plan to read them at least 3 times.

Late assignments will have 5% of the score deducted for each day they are late.

Labs may involve work outdoors. You should come to class prepared to be outside, regardless of the weather. If you pick an outdoor exhibit animal, waterproof boots and a good raincoat will keep you more comfortable, or bring a dry pair of shoes to change into. A clipboard or lightweight but sturdy notebook will be useful in lab. Arriving on time to class will be especially important on days when we are going to the zoo -- if you come late, you are likely to miss the van.

You will need to collect a minimum of 15 hours of data for your project per person (3 person project = 45 hours total). This does not include ethogram creation, pilot research, false starts (except in extenuating circumstances), travel to/from the zoo, time between sampling intervals, etc. If you use your time well in lab, you should be able to collect 2.5+ hours of data per person per day over 6 weeks, and we have a 7th week as a cushion. But if it takes you a while to get going, you may need to go to the zoo on your own time. Alternatively, you may design a project in which you choose to collect data outside of lab time, in which case you do not need to come to lab on Thursdays. Zoo admission and parking is free for research purposes. Do not abuse this privilege – we are one of the only colleges allowed this opportunity.

Textbook: An Introduction to Behavioral Ecology by Davies, Krebs, and West. 2012 Measuring Behavior, edited by P. Martin and M. Bateson. 2007 (recommended)

Evaluation: Final grades will be determined as follows: 91-100% = A 81-90% = B 71-80% = C 61-70% = D ≤60% = F

The grade scale may be lowered at the discretion of the instructor. A/B and B/C grades may be given to students within 2% of the next higher grade, if performance supports that distinction. 'Incompletes' will not be given unless arranged with the instructor prior to the final day of class.

There are currently 900 points possible in this course. They are distributed as follows:

Laboratory Research Projects: 325 pts Proposal Draft 20 pts. Peer Review 10 pts. Final Proposal 40 pts. Lab Notebook 20 pts. First Draft of Paper 30 pts. Peer Review 10 pts. Final Paper 75 pts. Poster Draft 20 pts. Final Poster 75 pts. Poster Presentation 25 pts.

Conceptual Exams: Three at 75 points each 225 pts.

Unit Essays: Two at 50 points each 100 pts.

Final Exam (Combination of third unit essays and additional questions, take home) 100 pts.

Article Discussions: 105 pts. Quality of participation (based on grading rubric) and written summary : 15 pts x 7

Assignments (Details to be announced) 45 pts.

Attendance Policy: Because our course involves a great deal of discussion, in which students learn from one another, students are expected to arrive promptly to class and attend class regularly. Following 3 course absences, a student’s grade will be lowered by 5% for each additional absence. Arriving more than 15 minutes late to class will count as a ½ day absence, more than 30 minutes late counts as absent.

Mastery Policy: Students must have a passing average (>61%) on the exams for the class, and must have a passing average (>61%) on the final poster, poster presentation, and final research paper in order to receive a passing grade in the course.

Article Discussions (7) Everyone is required to write a short (1 paragraph) summary of articles we are reading for discussion, as well as 1-2 questions the article got you thinking about. These will be handed in at the end of each discussion section. Summaries should be typed. Your grade on the discussions (15 points each) will be based on the extent to which you participate and the quality of your discussion.

The Carroll University Academic Integrity Policy is located in your student handbook (found on- line). I encourage you to familiarize yourself with it. If a student violates this policy in any way, I reserve the right to impose a sanction of failure on the assignment/assessment or failure in the course. If you have questions about appropriate citations or about paraphrasing (see below), please ask. All violations of the policy will be reported to the Office of Academic Affairs.

Honor Code for Take Home Essays/Examinations: During the semester you will complete two take home essay assignments and a take home final exam. I chose this style of exam because it gives you time to organize and compose your thoughts. My expectation is that each exam will be your own work -- you may not consult with anyone else (except me) about the questions on the exam once you receive it. You may use your class notes, your textbook, and occasionally other assigned articles, when writing your answers. However, you are advised to be extremely careful to avoid plagiarism (see below for more details). I know Davies, Krebs, and West understands the material -- I want to know if you do!! Your textbook is a resource -- not the source of the answers. That means: 1) do not copy phrases, sentences, paragraphs, etc. of text directly from the textbook (or any other source) (no quotations); and 2) do not loosely paraphrase large passages of concepts or examples from the text. Use your own ideas and your own words.

Citing work We will use APA citation style throughout the course. Cite all appropriate material and do not use direct quotes on any assignment, unless you have specific permission from me.

Plagiarism is using someone else’s ideas or work and presenting it as your own ideas or work. Plagiarism – in any form – will not be tolerated in this course. For this course the sanction imposed by the instructor on a student who plagiarizes will be 0 points for the assignment for the first offense and automatic failure of the course for the second offense. If you copy more than three or four consecutive words from an author, then you are plagiarizing that author, even if you cite the source.

To avoid plagiarizing an author, read the author’s writing, step away and reflect on the writing for several moments, and then paraphrase the author using your own words. After you reread your writing and the author’s writing, if there are more than a few words alike in a sentence, then you should find another way to convey the idea in your own words. ALWAYS cite sources of any idea that is not your own. For the purposes of this class, NEVER use direct quotes (with or without quotation marks).

I am going to experiment with using turnitin.com this semester, not so much to monitor plagiarism (although I will use it for that) but to provide you with resources that will help improve your writing (there is now a built in grammar checker, for example). The information you need to submit your assignments using TurnItIn is included below. You will need to create an account first, and you are encouraged to do this early in the semester.

On TurnItIn you need to know two things to create an account: • The class ID number: 6768118

• The enrollment password: BIO417

Policies and Fine Print (slightly modified from Bernier, 2004): The instructor and the College reserve the right to modify, amend, or change the syllabus (course requirements, grading policy, etc.) as the curriculum or program requires.

Students with documented disabilities who may need accommodations, or any student considering obtaining documentation should make an appointment with Ms. Marty Bledsoe, our disabilities coordinator, no later than the first week of class. She can be reached by calling 524-7335 or contacting her via e-mail at [email protected].

Class, Laboratory, and Reading Schedule (subject to modification)

Unit Date Class Topic Lab Topic* Readings and Assignments September 5 Setting a roadmap for the Exploring Ideas semester 10 Designing Observational Research Projects Methods Research 12 Designing Observational Proposal Development Ethogram Assignment due in Research Projects (@ CU) lab

17 Foundational Concepts and Read Chapters 1 and 2 Approaches 19 Research Methods Ethograms Preliminary Proposal due by 9 Pilot Data Collection p.m. via TurnItIn.com Concepts Project Development 24 Optimal Foraging Read Chapters 3, 4, 5 Peer Review due by Sunday, September 22nd at 10 p.m. via TurnItIn.com 26 Foraging and Risk Data Collection Article and Summary Discussion 1: Forgaing Final Proposal Due October 1 Coevolutionary Arms Races 3 Game Theory Data Collection Article and Summary Discussion 2: Predator/Prey 8 Game Theory/Competition

Exploiting Environment the Applications 10 Territoriality Data Collection Review Chapters 1-5 and Conceptual Exam 1 Sampling Methods 15 Sexes and Sexual Selection Chapters 7, 8, 9, 10 17 Parental Care and Conflict Data Collection Exploiting the Environment Discussion 3: Sexual Essays due

Conflict Article and Summary 22 Mid-Semester Break 24 Choosing Mates Data Collection 29 Mating Systems Article and Summary Discussion 4: Alternative Mating Strategies

Sex and Behavior Sex and 31 Mating Systems Data Collection Applications November 5 Sex Allocation Review Chapters 7-10 Conceptual Exam 2

7 Living in Groups Data Collection Read Chapters 6, 11,12,13, 14 12 Social Behavior Sex and Behavior Essays Due Discussion 5: Living in Groups Social

Interactions 14 Kin Recognition and Data Analysis (@CU) All data MUST be collected by Communication today at noon

The End! Behavioral Ecology and Social Interactions Humans 16 13 12 10 28 26 21 19 5 3

Final Exam (Take Home) (Take Exam Final Papers Research Final Human Behavior Behavioral Biology Ecology and Conservation 7: Discussion Conservation Biology Behavioral Ecology and 3 Exam Conceptual Eusociality care parental Cooperative foraging and Prisoner’s Dilemma Cooperation 6: Discussion Cooperation

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