DOCSLIB.ORG

[Sample B: Approval/Signature Sheet]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
[Sample B: Approval/Signature Sheet] BEYOND THE BEAR NECESSITIES: A MIXED METHODS ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS ARISING IN HUMAN–BLACK BEAR ENCOUNTERS by Kathryn Mazaika A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Conflict Analysis and Resolution Committee: ___________________________________________ Chair of Committee ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Graduate Program Director ___________________________________________ Dean, School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution Date: _____________________________________ Spring Semester 2013 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Beyond the Bear Necessities: A Mixed Methods Analysis of the Conflicts Arising in Human–Black Bear Encounters A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University By Kathryn Mazaika Masters of Science George Mason University, 1999 Masters of Studies in Environmental Law Vermont Law School, 1986 Bachelors of Science Antioch College, 1980 Director: Kevin A. Avruch, Professor School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution Spring Semester 2013 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Copyright 2013 Kathryn Mazaika All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION This document and research are dedicated to human spirit and hope as it was embodied in my sister, Terry, and good friend, Sheila. Both Terry and Sheila fought personal battles with grace and dignity. Sheila was a great supporter throughout my graduate studies and as an animal lover and ravenous reader eagerly awaited the completion of my dissertation. Sadly, she and my sister didn’t live to see that day. I love and miss both of you. This research is also dedicated to the bears and other wildlife gripped in human conflict while they are just trying to survive. May their adaptability inspire reflection and adaptation in the communities whose space is increasingly shared. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completing a dissertation requires a great deal of individual drive and endurance, but it is also a project whose success would not possible without the support and contributions of many others. And so it is only appropriate to share that success by acknowledging the many contributions. Early on when we were newly minted doctoral candidates, Agnieszka Paczynska provided the sage advice to choose a topic we really cared about because that care would carry us through the times when we were ready to be finished, but still had a long way to go. Through the hours and months of coding, analysis, and writing that care has indeed made a world of difference. Caring about the rise in human–wildlife conflicts and the communities struggling to deal with them made it easy to keep working. Thanks, Agnieszka! As my cohorts and I each embarked on our research journeys, we encountered bumps along the way, but the bumps were that much easier to navigate through the help and support these friends and colleagues extended. From designing forms to framing a research approach and then conducting the analyses, these conversations and shared resources helped me know I was not alone on this research journey. Thanks to my good friends and classmates Rob Ericson, Will Hall, Dena Hawes, Eleftherios Michael, Janice MacRae, Judie Messier, Ismael Muvingi, and Nina Spruill. As I delved further into the research and worked to incorporate ideas stretching beyond my discipline, numerous individuals were especially helpful and generous with their time. Thanks to Jerry Vaske for introducing me to the Potential for Conflict Index and for the support that you and Lori Shelby provided through two versions of the index and analyses. This research project includes a dimension that would have otherwise been absent; other conflict analysts in my field are now aware of and can use this tool in their work as well. Thanks to Lynn Rogers for helping me to understand black bear behavior and trusting me with your ideas as you strove to move your own discipline into new territory too. Thanks to all my friends in San Francisco who indulged me in stories of dissertating and bears. I hope that somehow those stories have left you with a greater understanding of black bears, and your times in bear country will be that much more exciting, and less scary. And yes, I have finally finished my “paper.” The research itself would not have been possible without the participants who gave generously of their time when they could have been relaxing and recreating in beautiful Lake Tahoe, or chasing bears and keeping them out of trouble. Thank you all for helping me understand what it is like to live with black bears and for sharing your ideas and suggestions for ways the various communities of the Tahoe area might live more peacefully with its ursine neighbors. iv A special thanks to my committee, especially Kevin Avruch for your willingness to chair an atypical ICAR research project, and without whose patience and continuing support the completion of this project would not have been possible. Thanks to Linda Kalof for joining the committee and providing her expert advice on animals in society. Your careful reading and supportive reviews let me know that my inferences were on track with both your experiences and your work with people and animal relations. Thanks to Sandy Cheldelin for infusing the research with curiosity and interest and in helping me complete this project. Special thanks also to Colleen Spears for her speedy and expert editing and to Blessing Joao for the deep massages that made it possible to sit for hours at the computer. None of the research would have been possible without the financial and spiritual support of my partner, Mark. Thanks for enduring the months and years of my absence while my nose was in a book or journal article, or I was tapping away on a computer, promising that I’ll be finished soon. And to our kitties, Amelia Aircat and Princess Colette, thanks for your company and for sharing your space with me while I worked. We finished with only a few “paw”dits and keys pried from the laptop. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables .......................................................................................................................x List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi Abstract ............................................................................................................................. xii 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 1.2 Nature of Human–Wildlife Conflicts.......................................................................2 1.3 Background: Context of the Study ...........................................................................3 1.4 Problem Studied .......................................................................................................5 1.5 Statement of Purpose and Research Questions ........................................................6 1.6 Research Approach ..................................................................................................7 1.7 Assumptions .............................................................................................................8 1.8 The Researcher.........................................................................................................8 1.9 Rationale and Significance ......................................................................................9 2. Literature Review...........................................................................................................11 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................11 2.2 Organizing the Literature: Themes for Studying Human–Wildlife Interactions ...14 2.2.1 The Material World: Studying Bear Behavior ..............................................15 2.2.2 The Social World: Studying Human–Wildlife Interactions ..........................17 2.2.3 The Symbolic World .....................................................................................22 2.3 Wildlife Interventions ............................................................................................24 2.3.1 Changing Bear Behavior in Human–Wildlife Interactions ...........................24 2.3.2 Changing Human Behavior in Human–Wildlife Interactions ......................25 2.4 Interactions Between People about Wildlife and Black Bears ..............................28 2.4.1 Environmental Conflict Resolution: Past and Present ..................................28 2.4.2 Wildlife Management Incorporating ECR Approaches ................................29 2.5 Bridging Human–Wildlife and Human–Human Interactions in Wildlife Interactions .............................................................................................................31 2.5.1 Assessing Problems Arising Between Individuals and Wildlife ..................31 2.5.2 Assessing Problems Arising In Communities About Wildlife .....................33 2.6 Summary ................................................................................................................35 3. Methodology ..................................................................................................................36
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mcsporran, Cathy (2007) Letting the Winter In: Myth Revision and the Winter Solstice in Fantasy Fiction
    McSporran, Cathy (2007) Letting the winter in: myth revision and the winter solstice in fantasy fiction. PhD thesis http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5812/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Letting the Winter In: Myth Revision and the Winter Solstice in Fantasy Fiction Cathy McSporran Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English Literature, University of Glasgow Submitted October 2007 @ Cathy McSporran 2007 Abstract Letting the Winter In: Myth-Revision and the Winter Solstice in Fantasy Fiction This is a Creative Writing thesis, which incorporates both critical writing and my own novel, Cold City. The thesis explores 'myth-revision' in selected works of Fantasy fiction. Myth- revision is defined as the retelling of traditional legends, folk-tales and other familiar stories in such as way as to change the story's implied ideology. (For example, Angela Carter's 'The Company of Wolves' revises 'Red Riding Hood' into a feminist tale of female sexuality and empowerment.) Myth-revision, the thesis argues, has become a significant trend in Fantasy fiction in the last three decades, and is notable in the works of Terry Pratchett, Neil Gaiman and Philip Pullman.
    [Show full text]
  • DOCTORAL THESIS Carrying Queerness Queerness, Performance
    DOCTORAL THESIS Carrying Queerness Queerness, Performance and the Archive Hunt, Raymond Justin Award date: 2013 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 Carrying Queerness: Queerness, Performance and the Archive by Raymond Justin Hunt, BA, MA A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD Department of Drama, Theatre and Performance University of Roehampton 2013 ABSTRACT This dissertation responds to the archival turn in critical theory by examining a relation between queerness, performance and the archive. In it I explore institutional archives and the metaphors of the archive as it operates in the academy, while focusing particularly on the way in which queerness may come to be archived. Throughout I use the analytic of performance. This work builds on and extends from crucial work in Queer studies, Performance Studies and Archival Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 3: Toilet Design Considerations: Micro Level
    PLANNING FOR PUBLIC TOILETS PART 3: MICRO LEVEL: TOILET DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS: Inclusive Design for Different Types of User Groups ' To a good doctor there is no physical or mental aspect of his patient which should embarrass him. He may be worried or shocked by what his diagnosis reveals, but if he's any good, he is not embarrassed. Correspondingly, therefore, there should be no type of building, and no human function related to it which should embarrass the architect!' (Architects Journal, 1953, No.117). This section looks at the 'micro' level of detailed toilet design. However, the emphasis is upon principles, and upon 'seeing' how the different components of the toilet cubicle 'work' together, because, as they say, 'the devil is in the detail'. The emphasis is again upon the user, the range of user types, and the social and qualitative factors involved, rather than upon the technical plumbing and engineering aspects dealt with elsewhere in this course programme. There is also a longer optional explanation of the issues in the second part of the paper. A PowerPoint accompanies and illustrates Part 3. Part 3 is longer because detailed issues are so important. A fuller bibliography, list of references is given at the end. In fact Part 3 may be used as a module in its own right on inclusive design. People are Important There are many detailed design guides on the precise dimensions and locations of rails, toilet pans, washbasins, mirrors etc and so it is not the purpose of this chapter to give precise guidance on these. 'The problem' is that some toilet manuals deal with each component without seeing how they inter-relate with each other spatially.
    [Show full text]
  • “He Hath Mingled with the Ungodly”
    ―HE HATH MINGLED WITH THE UNGODLY‖: THE LIFE OF SIMEON SOLOMON AFTER 1873, WITH A SURVEY OF THE EXTANT WORKS CAROLYN CONROY TWO VOLUMES VOLUME I PH.D. THE UNIVERSITY OF YORK HISTORY OF ART DECEMBER 2009 2 ABSTRACT This thesis focuses on the life and work of the marginalized British Pre-Raphaelite and Aesthetic homosexual Jewish painter Simeon Solomon (1840-1905) after 1873.This year was fundamental in the artist‘s professional and personal life, because it is the year that he was arrested for attempted sodomy charges in London. The popular view that has been disseminated by the early historiography of Solomon, since before and after his death in 1905, has been to claim that, after this date, the artist led a life that was worthless, both personally and artistically. It has also asserted that this situation was self-inflicted, and that, despite the consistent efforts of his family and friends to return him to the conventions of Victorian middle-class life, he resisted, and that, this resistant was evidence of his ‗deviancy‘. Indeed, for over sixty years, the overall effect of this early historiography has been to defame the character of Solomon and reduce his importance within the Aesthetic movement and the second wave of Pre-Raphaelitism. It has also had the effect of relegating the work that he produced after 1873 to either virtual obscurity or critical censure. In fact, it is only recently that a revival of interest in the artist has gained momentum, although the latter part of his life from 1873 has still remained under- researched and unrecorded.
    [Show full text]
  • Anderson, G. (2018) ‘Why Can’T They Meet in Bars and Clubs Like Normal People?’: the Protective State and Bioregulating Gay Public Sex Spaces
    Anderson, G. (2018) ‘Why can’t they meet in bars and clubs like normal people?’: the protective state and bioregulating gay public sex spaces. Social and Cultural Geography, 19(6), pp. 699-719. (doi:10.1080/14649365.2017.1301542) This is the author’s final accepted version. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/144892/ Deposited on: 20 September 2017 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk ‘Why can’t they meet in bars and clubs like normal people?’: the protective state and bioregulating gay public sex spaces Grant Anderson1 School of Geographical and Earth Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom State regulation of gay public sex spaces (PSS) has prompted geographers to assess the influence that localised legalities exert in specific micro-spaces of interaction, and to expand this research into cities not considered to be archetypically ‘gay friendly’. Through the lens of Foucault’s governmentality, it is important to consider state- directed bioregulatory influences upon toilets and parks as PSS. Such bioregulation, with its aim of producing a ‘healthy’ sexual population, seeks to expose public sex as ‘dangerous’, encouraging a policing of PSS and the men who use them. Part of this bioregulation also enlists men using PSS as responsible for peer-surveillance to ensure anonymity and privacy in PSS. This auto-surveillance develops a ‘common code of conduct’ leading these men to develop their own modes of ‘normativity’ within these hetero-challenging spaces.
    [Show full text]
  • The Provision of Public Toilets
    House of Commons Communities and Local Government The Provision of Public Toilets Twelfth Report of Session 2007–08 Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 6 October 2008 HC 636 Published on 22 October 2008 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 Communities and Local Government Committee The Communities and Local Government Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department for Communities and Local Government and its associated bodies. Current membership Dr Phyllis Starkey MP (Labour, Milton Keynes South West) (Chair) Sir Paul Beresford MP (Conservative, Mole Valley) Mr Clive Betts MP (Labour, Sheffield Attercliffe) John Cummings MP (Labour, Easington) Jim Dobbin MP (Labour Co-op, Heywood and Middleton) Andrew George MP (Liberal Democrat, St Ives) Mr Greg Hands MP (Conservative, Hammersmith and Fulham) Anne Main MP (Conservative, St Albans) Mr Bill Olner MP (Labour, Nuneaton) Dr John Pugh MP (Liberal Democrat, Southport) Emily Thornberry MP (Labour, Islington South and Finsbury) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at www.parliament.uk/clgcom Committee staff The current staff of the Committee are Huw Yardley (Clerk of the Committee), David Weir (Second Clerk), Andrew Griffiths (Second Clerk), Sara Turnbull (Inquiry Manager), Josephine Willows (Inquiry Manager), Clare Genis (Committee Assistant), Gabrielle Henderson (Senior Office Clerk), Nicola McCoy (Secretary) and Laura Kibby (Select Committee Media Officer).
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Terms for Gay Men in Contemporary Polish: Cultural Connotations∗
    Ethnolinguistic 29 Lublin 2018 I. Research articles DOI: 10.17951/et.2017.29.245 Tomasz Łukasz N owa k ORCID: 0000-0003-3105-8013 (Wrocław University, Poland) Selected terms for gay men in contemporary Polish: Cultural connotations∗ Abstract. The article deals with the sociolect of Polish gays and the lexis of homosexuality. It compares two Polish terms for homosexual men (ciota and ciepły) with their counterparts in selected European languages: English, German, French, Italian, Czech, Slovak, and Slovenian. In the context of (covert) gay culture, the relationships between these lexemes, including their derivatives, form a network that unites the gay community beyond and across national boundaries. Key words: sociolect; slang; gay; homosexuality; gay culture; cultural linguistics The first decade of the 20th century in Poland was a turning point in the expression of homosexuality. Prior to that, public discourse on homosexuality had been practically non-existent: it was a taboo subject apparently without any real-life manifestation in this part of the world. In order to distinguish between what was then considered the norm from what transgressed the norm, the community of homosexuals, together with their emerging culture, were “locked away in a closet”1 – which in Polish reality was more of a water ∗ The article appeared in Polish as “O kulturowych relacjach między wybranymi nazwami geja” in Etnolingwistyka 29. The present English translation has been financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, project titled “English edition of the journal Etnolingwistyka. Problemy języka i kultury in electronic form” (no. 3bH 15 0204 83). 1 Cf. the expression to come out of the closet in the sense of publicly revealing one’s non-heteronormative sexuality (Kita 2014: 323).
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Thoughts
    Deep Thoughts 1- We are born naked, wet, and hungry, and get slapped on our ass... then things get worse. 2- There are two theories to arguing with women. Neither one works. 3- If at first you don't succeed, skydiving is not for you. 4- There are 3 types of people in this world. Those who can count and those who can't. 5- Think of a number. Multiply it by 3. Now add 5. Take away the number you first thought of. Now add 7. Subtract 2. Add back the number you first thought of. Now, close your eyes. Dark, isn't it? 6- Reasons not to exercise It is well documented that for every minute that you exercise, you add one minute to your life. This enables you at 85 years old to spend an additional 5 months in a nursing home at $5000 per month. My grandmother started walking five miles a day when she was 60. Now she's 97 years old and we don't know where she is. The only reason I would take up exercising is so that I could hear heavy breathing again. I joined a health club last year, spent about 400 bucks. Haven't lost a pound. Apparently you have to show up. I have to exercise early in the morning before my brain figures out what I'm doing. I like long walks, especially when they are taken by people who annoy me. I have flabby thighs, but fortunately my stomach covers them. The advantage of exercising every day is that you die healthier.
    [Show full text]
  • Boy-Wives and Female Husbands
    Boy-Wives and Female Husbands Item Type Book Authors Murray, Stephen O.; Roscoe, Will DOI 10.1353/book.83859 Publisher SUNY Press Rights Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Download date 24/09/2021 02:52:38 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://www.sunypress.edu/p-7129-boy-wives-and-female- husbands.aspx Boy-Wives and Female Husbands Boy-Wives and Female Husbands STUDIES IN AFRICAN HOMOSEXUALITIES Edited by Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe With a New Foreword by Mark Epprecht Cover image: The Shaman, photographed by Yannis Davy Guibinga. © Yannis Davy Guibinga. Subject: Toshiro Kam. Styling: Tinashe Musara. Makeup: Jess Cohen. The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the Murray Hong Family Trust. Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 1998 Stephen O. Murray, Will Roscoe Printed in the United States of America The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution— Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-ND 4.0), available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0. For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Roscoe, Will, editor. | Murray, Stephen O., editor. | Epprecht, Marc, editor. Title: Boy-wives and female husbands : studies in African homosexualities / [edited by] Will Roscoe, Stephen O. Murray, Marc Epprecht. Description: Albany : State University of New York Press, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020034064 | ISBN 9781438484099 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781438484112 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Homosexuality—Africa—History.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Implications of Commercializing Public Toilets and Latrines in Kakamega Town
    IOSR Journal of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 25, Issue 12, Series 11 (December. 2020) 01-07 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Environmental Implications of Commercializing Public Toilets and Latrines in Kakamega Town Okanga Mutambi Philip1, Immonje M. Magaret1, Sylvester Makhulo1 1Department of Geography, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology. Kenya. Abstract Background. Waste management has been and continues to be a major challenge facing urban growth (Chadwic, 1842). Absence of basic sanitation facilities results in an unhealthy environment and contributes to illness and death (United Nations, 2007). Objective. This study sought to establish the environmental implications of commercializing public toilets and latrines in Kakamega Town. Design. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Study population. The study was carried out in Kakamega Town with residents of the town and those on transit being included in the sample. A total of 351 participants were enrolled in the study. Analysis. Descriptive statistics for quantitative and qualitative data thematically analyzed. Results. Majority of respondents (59%) were age 21-30 years while the least respondents were above 40 accounting for (8.2%). Males were more (72.4%) than women (27.6%) with 73.2% having attained tertiary level of education. Commercializing public toilets created; a source of income to toilet investors, employment opportunities and ready market space for entrepreneurs. Uncleanliness was a major factor that inhibited the rate of public toilet usage thus most people prefer commercial public toilets due to their high level of hygienic standards and fear free public toilets due to their uncleanliness and security level.
    [Show full text]
  • Bear-Human Conflict Management Plan, Denali
    Denali NationalDenali National Park Park and Preserve and Preserve Bear-Human Conflict Management Plan June 2003 Bear-Human Conflict Management Plan Revised June 2003 The Wildlife Team, Denali National Park and Preserve Center for Resources, Science, and Learning Superintendent Denali National Park and Preserve P.O. Box 9 Denali Park, Alaska 99755 Denali National Park and Preserve Bear-Human Conflict Management Plan June 2003 Table of contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 INTRODUCTION 5 DENALI NATIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE’ S MANAGEMENT POLICY 7 CONTENT OF EDUCATION PROGRAM 7 Information Distribution for User Groups....................................................................................... 8 Alpenglow................................................................................................................................... 8 Bear Encounters Brochure .......................................................................................................... 8 Bulletin Boards ........................................................................................................................... 9 Signs Explaining Food Storage Regulations and Closures ......................................................... 9 Interpretive Activities ................................................................................................................. 9 Information for Campground Users............................................................................................ 9 Information for Backcountry Users .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lit Rev Writing
    2 Literature review Casual sex between men This chapter looks at sociological investigations of sex between men. First I discuss ethnographic studies that focus on particular settings: beats or cruising grounds, then sex clubs and saunas. What is the picture they give us of what goes on in such settings? Then I look at studies in which men who have casual sex with other men were interviewed about their sexual activities. Finally I consider the implications of the different methodologies: what kinds of answers do we get from the different approaches? Beats: ethnographic studies Several of the key ethnographic studies of men’s casual or public sex were performed before current interest in male homosexual activity was inspired by AIDS in the 1980s. This work from the 1960s and 1970s is largely framed within the sociology of deviance; indeed Troiden’s paper on ‘Homosexual encounters in a highway rest stop’ (discussed below, p. 53) appears in a book explicitly called Sexual Deviance and Sexual Deviants. The classic work on sex in what Australians call ‘beats’—parks, toilets, beaches and other public places where men meet for anonymous sex (called tearooms in the United States and cottages in the United Kingdom)—is Laud Humphreys’ Tearoom Trade, published in 1970. Humphreys did an observational study of men’s sexual encounters in public lavatories. In order to observe these encounters, Humphreys took the role of the ‘watchqueen’ or voyeur-lookout, which he describes as ‘a role superbly suited for sociologists and the only lookout role that is not overtly sexual’ (1970, pp. 27–8).
    [Show full text]