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THE BRITISH ARMY in the LOW COUNTRIES, 1793-1814 By
‘FAIRLY OUT-GENERALLED AND DISGRACEFULLY BEATEN’: THE BRITISH ARMY IN THE LOW COUNTRIES, 1793-1814 by ANDREW ROBERT LIMM A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. University of Birmingham School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law October, 2014. University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The history of the British Army in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars is generally associated with stories of British military victory and the campaigns of the Duke of Wellington. An intrinsic aspect of the historiography is the argument that, following British defeat in the Low Countries in 1795, the Army was transformed by the military reforms of His Royal Highness, Frederick Duke of York. This thesis provides a critical appraisal of the reform process with reference to the organisation, structure, ethos and learning capabilities of the British Army and evaluates the impact of the reforms upon British military performance in the Low Countries, in the period 1793 to 1814, via a series of narrative reconstructions. This thesis directly challenges the transformation argument and provides a re-evaluation of British military competency in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. -
Waterloo in Myth and Memory: the Battles of Waterloo 1815-1915 Timothy Fitzpatrick
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2013 Waterloo in Myth and Memory: The Battles of Waterloo 1815-1915 Timothy Fitzpatrick Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES WATERLOO IN MYTH AND MEMORY: THE BATTLES OF WATERLOO 1815-1915 By TIMOTHY FITZPATRICK A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2013 Timothy Fitzpatrick defended this dissertation on November 6, 2013. The members of the supervisory committee were: Rafe Blaufarb Professor Directing Dissertation Amiée Boutin University Representative James P. Jones Committee Member Michael Creswell Committee Member Jonathan Grant Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii For my Family iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Drs. Rafe Blaufarb, Aimée Boutin, Michael Creswell, Jonathan Grant and James P. Jones for being on my committee. They have been wonderful mentors during my time at Florida State University. I would also like to thank Dr. Donald Howard for bringing me to FSU. Without Dr. Blaufarb’s and Dr. Horward’s help this project would not have been possible. Dr. Ben Wieder supported my research through various scholarships and grants. I would like to thank The Institute on Napoleon and French Revolution professors, students and alumni for our discussions, interaction and support of this project. -
1822: Cain; Conflict with Canning; Plot to Make Burdett the Whig Leader
1 1822 1822: Cain ; conflict with Canning; plot to make Burdett the Whig leader; Isaac sent down from Oxford, but gets into Cambridge. Trip to Europe; the battlefield of Waterloo; journey down the Rhine; crossing the Alps; the Italian lakes; Milan; Castlereagh’s suicide; Genoa; with Byron at Pisa; Florence; Siena, Rome; Ferrara; Bologna; Venice; Congress of Verona; back across the Alps; Paris, Benjamin Constant. [Edited from B.L.Add.Mss. 56544/5/6/7.] Tuesday January 1st 1822: Left two horses at the White Horse, Southill (the sign of which, by the way, was painted by Gilpin),* took leave of the good Whitbread, and at one o’clock (about) rode my old horse to Welwyn. Then [I] mounted Tommy and rode to London, where I arrived a little after five. Put up at Douglas Kinnaird’s. Called in the evening on David Baillie, who has not been long returned from nearly a nine years’ tour – he was not at home. Wednesday January 2nd 1822: Walked about London. Called on Place, who congratulated me on my good looks. Dined at Douglas Kinnaird’s. Byng [was] with us – Baillie came in during the course of the evening. I think 1 my old friend had a little reserve about him, and he gave a sharp answer or two to Byng, who good-naturedly asked him where he came from last – “From Calais!” said Baillie. He says he begins to find some of the warnings of age – deafness, and blindness, and weakness of teeth. I can match him in the first. This is rather premature for thirty-five years of age. -
Comparing the Dutch and British Maritime Technologies During the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815)
Technology and Empire: Comparing the Dutch and British Maritime Technologies during the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815) By Ivor Mollema December, 2015 Director of Thesis: Dr. Lynn Harris Major Department: History The two ships, Bato (1806) and Brunswick (1805) wrecked in Simons Bay, South Africa, provide an opportunity to compare British and Dutch maritime technologies during the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815). The former was a Dutch 74-gun ship of the line and the latter a British East Indiaman. Their remains reveal pertinent information about the maritime technologies available to each European power. Industrial capacity and advanced metal working played a significant role in ship construction initiatives of that period, while the dwindling timber supplies forced invention of new technologies. Imperial efforts during the Napoleonic Era relied on naval power. Maritime technologies dictated imperial strategy as ships were deployed to expand or maintain colonial empires. Naval theorists place the strategy into a wider spectrum and the analysis of the material culture complements further understanding of sea power. The study also recommends management options to preserve the archaeological sites for future study and to showcase for heritage tourism. TECHNOLOGY AND EMPIRE: Comparing Dutch and British Maritime Technologies During the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815) Title Page A Thesis Presented To The Faculty of the Department of History East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts, Program in Maritime Studies by Ivor Mollema December, 2015 © Ivor Mollema, 2015 Copyright Page TECHNOLOGY AND EMPIRE: Comparing Dutch and British Maritime Technologies During the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815) by Ivor Mollema Signature Page APPROVED BY: DIRECTOR OF THESIS: ________________________________________________________ Dr. -
These Grave Histories Were First Presented at the Friends of Hamsey Church Open Day on 6Th July 2019
These grave histories were first presented at the Friends of Hamsey Church Open Day on 6th July 2019. They were prepared by Sue Rowland Some grave histories in the East graveyard E003 SHIFFNER (FOOKS) Elizabeth Mary E007 POPHAM Admiral Brunswick E012 VENTHAM Bessie Elizabeth E013 MITCHELL James & Sophia E026 BEECHING John et al E027 SATCHER Joe & brothers E032 PINYOUN Walter E035 SATCHER John & Mary E038 McBEAN James & Annie E041 SMITH Ernest E046 PELLING Frances/Francis/William E049 McBEAN Albert & Bessie E073 TURNER (SIMMONDS) Trayton/Susan E080 KENWARD John & Julia E085a FARNES Daniel (Targy) E086/87 NEDEHAM BROWNE Kate Isobel & Henry E101 KNIGHT Major Ernest Frederick E102 KNIGHT Edward Charles E122 MITCHELL Deborah Kate & Alfred E128 CURTIS KING Roger E139 BROOKS Robert WW2 E140 WINGROVE Robert WW2 E143 KENDERDINE Sir Charles Halstaft E159 TIDMARSH Major G D E162 FISHER Edwin E163 GEARING Albert E194 MITCHELL Jim & Ernie E003 Fooks Elizabeth Mary Shiffner was born on 9 December 1894. She ELIZABETH MARY (Betty) was the daughter of Sir John Shiffner, 5th Bt. and Elsie Burrows. FOOKS, 1894-1984. Her brothers were John Bridger Shiffner who died in WWI, Daughter of John and Elsie aged 19 and Henry Burrows Shiffner who died in WWII, aged Shiffner, Fifth Baronet of 39. Both are commemorated on the War Memorial. Coombe Place, Sussex She married Major Gerard David Tidmarsh, son of David Tidmarsh, on 20 March 1915. They had a daughter, Betty Mary Tidmarsh born 15 May 1916. He died on 9th November 1944, aged 55. Her second marriage was to Lt.-Col. Osmund John Francis Fooks, son of Edward John Fooks, on 25 January 1950. -
Austerlitz Campaign - December 1805
Austerlitz Campaign - December 1805 The Battle of Austerlitz, also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars. In what is widely regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon, the Grande Armée of France defeated a larger Russian and Austrian army led by Tsar Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. The battle occurred near the village of Austerlitz in the Austrian Empire (modern-day Slavkov u Brna in the Czech Republic). Austerlitz brought the War of the Third Coalition to a rapid end, with the Treaty of Pressburg signed by the Austrians later in the month. After eliminating an Austrian army during the Ulm Campaign, French forces managed to capture Vienna in November 1805. The Austrians avoided further conflict until the arrival of the Russians bolstered Allied numbers. Napoleon sent his army north in pursuit of the Allies, but then ordered his forces to retreat so he could feign a grave weakness. Desperate to lure the Allies into battle, Napoleon gave every indication in the days preceding the engagement that the French army was in a pitiful state, even abandoning the dominant Pratzen Heights near Austerlitz. He deployed the French army below the Pratzen Heights and deliberately weakened his right flank, enticing the Allies to launch a major assault there in the hopes of rolling up the whole French line. A forced march from Vienna by Marshal Davout and his III Corps plugged the gap left by Napoleon just in time. Meanwhile, the heavy Allied deployment against the French right weakened their center on the Pratzen Heights, which was viciously attacked by the IV Corps of Marshal Soult. -
Admiral Arthur Phillip.Pdf
Admiral Arthur Phillip, R.N. (1738 – 1814) A brief story by Angus Ross for the Bread Street Ward Club, 2019 One of the famous people born in Bread Street was Admiral Arthur Phillip, R.N, the Founder of Australia and first Governor of New South Wales (1788-1792). His is a fascinating story that only recently has become a major subject of research, especially around his naval exploits, but also his impact in the New Forest where he lived mid-career and also around Bath, where he finally settled and died. I have studied records from the time Phillip sailed to Australia, a work published at the end of the 19c and finally from more recent research. Some events are reported differently by different observes or researchers so I have taken the most likely record for this story. Arthur Phillip in later life His Statue in Watling Street, City of London I have tried to balance the amount of detail without ending up with too long a story. It is important to understand the pre-First Fleet Phillip to best understand how he was chosen and was so well qualified and experienced to undertake the journey and to establish the colony. So, from a range of accounts written in various times, this story aims to identify the important elements of Phillip’s development ending in his success in taking out that First Fleet, made up primarily of convicts and marines, to start the first settlement. I have concluded this story with something about the period after he returned from Australia and what recognition of his life and achievements are available to see today. -
The Use of the Saber in the Army of Napoleon
Acta Periodica Duellatorum, Scholarly Volume, Articles 103 DOI 10.1515/apd-2016-0004 The use of the saber in the army of Napoleon Bert Gevaert Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium) Hallebardiers / Sint Michielsgilde Brugge (Belgium) [email protected] Abstract – Though Napoleonic warfare is usually associated with guns and cannons, edged weapons still played an important role on the battlefield. Swords and sabers could dominate battles and this was certainly the case in the hands of experienced cavalrymen. In contrast to gunshot wounds, wounds caused by the saber could be treated quite easily and caused fewer casualties. In 18th and 19th century France, not only manuals about the use of foil and epee were published, but also some important works on the military saber: de Saint Martin, Alexandre Muller… The saber was not only used in individual fights against the enemy, but also as a duelling weapon in the French army. Keywords – saber; Napoleonic warfare; Napoleon; duelling; Material culture; Historical European Martial Arts (HEMA); History “The sword is the weapon in which you should have most confidence, because it rarely fails you by breaking in your hands. Its blows are the more certain, accordingly as you direct them coolly; and hold it properly.” Antoine Fortuné de Brack, Light Cavalry Exercises, 18761 I. INTRODUCTION Though Napoleon (1769-1821) started his own military career as an artillery officer and achieved several victories by clever use of cannons, edged weapons still played an important role on the Napoleonic battlefield. Swords and sabers could dominate battles and this was certainly the case in the hands of experienced cavalrymen. -
Page 149 H-France Review Vol. 9 (March 2009), No. 38 John G
H-France Review Volume 9 (2009) Page 149 H-France Review Vol. 9 (March 2009), No. 38 John G. Gallaher, Napoleon’s Enfant Terrible: General Dominique Vandamme. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008. 362 pp. Illustrations, maps, bibliography, and index. $34.95 U. S. (hb). ISBN 978-0-8061-3875-6. Review by Ralph Ashby, Eastern Illinois University. John G. Gallaher begins his study of General Vandamme boldly stating that, “Dominique-Joseph-René Vandamme, count of Unsebourg, was the General George Patton of the Napoleonic army” (p. 3). Gallaher’s book amply shows that in fact Vandamme was ultimately rather less successful and probably less brilliant than the controversial American general, but that is not the point of the analogy. Other than providing a point of reference for a portion of the reading audience, Gallaher sets up Vandamme’s personality: rebellious, ambitious, egotistical, and difficult. Gallaher’s interest in Vandamme originally began with a study of the 1813 campaign in Germany and the French defeat at Kulm in that campaign (p. xii). Readers should well note from the start that Gallaher is not a biographer. He is a military historian of the Napoleonic period, and a very accomplished one at that. Gallaher has used the approach of military biography before, most notably with his excellent study of Louis-Nicolas Davout some thirty years ago. Gallaher’s approach to Vandamme’s life is essentially a very straightforward military study. Gallaher explores the general’s personality to the extent it impacted Vandamme’s military career, while personal biographical details are sketched in. -
USAMHI France Napoleon
U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center France-Napoleonic Wars 950 Soldiers Drive Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5021 21 Sep 2012 NAPOLEONIC WARS/WARFARE A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources CONTENTS General Sources…..p.1 -Reference Works…..p.1 Special Aspects…..p. Grand Armeé.....p.3 Command/Tactics.....p.4 Soldier Perspective.....p.5 Medical…..p. Naval Aspects…..p. GENERAL SOURCES Aaslestad, Katherine B. “Lost Neutrality and Economic Warfare: Napoleonic Warfare in Northern Europe, 1795-1815.” In War in an Age of Revolution, 1775-1815. NY: Cambridge, 2010. pp. 373-95. U39.W36. Ashby, Ralph. Napoleon against Great Odds: The Emperor and the Defenders of France, 1814. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2010. 230 p. DC236.75.A84. Bingham, George R. Wellington’s Lieutenant, Napoleon’s Gaoler: The Peninsula and St. Helena Diaries and Letters of Sir George Ridout Bingham, 1809-21. [Edited by Gareth Glover] South Yorkshire, England: Pen & Sword Military, 2005. 310 p. DC232.B56. Blaufarb, Rafe, & Liebeskind, Claudia. Napoleonic Foot Soldiers and Civilians: A Brief History with Documents. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. 164 p. DC226.5.B532. Britt, Albert S., III. The Wars of Napoleon. Wayne, NJ: Avery, 1985. 185 p. DC203B847. Broers, Michael. “The Concept of ‘Total War’ in the Revolutionary-Napoleonic Period.” War in History Vol. 15, No. 3 (2008): pp. 246-68. Per. Napoleonic Wars-Overview p.2 Citino, Robert M. The German Way of War: From the Thirty Years’ War to the Third Reich. Manhattan, KS: U KS, 2005. 428 p. DD101C58. See Chap. 4. Connelly, Owen. Blundering to Glory: Napoleon's Military Campaigns. -
A Global Forum for Naval Historical Scholarship
A Global Forum for Naval Historical Scholarship International Journal of Naval History April 2009 ISSN 1932-6556 Volume 8 Number 1 An Australian Perspective on the English Invasions of the Rio de la Plata in 1806 and 1807 Robert J. King On 13 September 1806 Prime Minister William Grenville and his ministers in London received a dispatch from Brigadier-General William Carr Beresford in Buenos Aires informing them of the capture of that city on the preceding 27 June by the small detachment of 1,635 troops under his command, which had been transported to the Rio de la Plata from Cape Town by a squadron of six warships and five transports commanded by Commodore Sir Home Popham.1 The expedition had been carried out entirely on the initiative of Popham. He had commanded the fleet which had transported the forces under General David Baird that had captured Cape Town from the Dutch some months before, and he had persuaded Baird to provide the detachment under General Beresford for the expedition to the Rio de la Plata. The unexpected and unlooked for success of this expedition provoked a spasm of activity from the Government in London to take advantage of the situation. A force of a little more than 4,000 troops under the command of Sir Samuel Auchmuty sailed from England directly for the Rio de la Plata on 9 October. In addition, in the belief that the moment had come for decisive blows to be struck against the Spanish Empire, plans were drawn up for wide-ranging expeditions against Chile, Mexico and the Philippines. -
At Water's Edge: Britain, Napoleon, and the World, 1793-1815
AT WATER’S EDGE: BRITAIN, NAPOLEON, AND THE WORLD, 1793-1815 ______________________________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board ______________________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ______________________________________________________________________________ by Christopher T. Golding May 2017 Examining Committee Members: Dr. Gregory J. W. Urwin, Advisory Chair, Department of History Dr. Travis Glasson, Department of History Dr. Rita Krueger, Department of History Dr. Jeremy Black, External Member, University of Exeter (UK) © Copyright 2017 by Christopher T. Golding All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the influence of late eighteenth-century British imperial and global paradigms of thought on the formation of British policy and strategy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. It argues that British imperial interests exerted a consistent influence on British strategic decision making through the personal advocacy of political leaders, institutional memory within the British government, and in the form of a traditional strain of a widely-embraced British imperial-maritime ideology that became more vehement as the conflict progressed. The work can be broken into two basic sections. The first section focuses on the formation of strategy within the British government of William Pitt the Younger during the French Revolutionary Wars from the declaration of war in February 1793 until early 1801. During this phase of the Anglo-French conflict, British ministers struggled to come to terms with the nature of the threat posed by revolutionary ideology in France, and lacked strategic consistency due to acute cabinet-level debates over continental versus imperial strategies. The latter half of the work assesses Britain’s response to the challenges presented by Napoleonic France.