Quarterdeck, Spring 2018
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THE BRITISH ARMY in the LOW COUNTRIES, 1793-1814 By
‘FAIRLY OUT-GENERALLED AND DISGRACEFULLY BEATEN’: THE BRITISH ARMY IN THE LOW COUNTRIES, 1793-1814 by ANDREW ROBERT LIMM A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. University of Birmingham School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law October, 2014. University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The history of the British Army in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars is generally associated with stories of British military victory and the campaigns of the Duke of Wellington. An intrinsic aspect of the historiography is the argument that, following British defeat in the Low Countries in 1795, the Army was transformed by the military reforms of His Royal Highness, Frederick Duke of York. This thesis provides a critical appraisal of the reform process with reference to the organisation, structure, ethos and learning capabilities of the British Army and evaluates the impact of the reforms upon British military performance in the Low Countries, in the period 1793 to 1814, via a series of narrative reconstructions. This thesis directly challenges the transformation argument and provides a re-evaluation of British military competency in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. -
Issue IX the Bolitho Newsletter Is Published and Copyrighted by Highseas Authors Ltd
Issue IX The Bolitho Newsletter is published and copyrighted by Highseas Authors Ltd. This issue was originally released in 1981. Contents PART ONE The Fighting Ship PART TWO Invasion PART THREE A Tradition of Victory Douglas Reeman / Alexander Kent PART FOUR with Cutty Sark in the background. Douglas Reeman 2 Part One The Fighting Ship he square-rigged fighting T ship of the 18th century and early 19th century has often been described as the most beautiful thing ever created by man. But in her day she was seen very differently by those who served, commanded and depended on her. To the citizen ashore the occasional sighting of a man- of-war making sail, dropping anchor, or tacking gracefully around a headland before heading out to sea represented ‘A Tradition of Victory’ by English marine artist security, pride and a sure Chris Mayger defence against the country’s enemies, and in those troubled times there were ship was something familiar, demanding and hard, many. but one which could be mastered and used to good To government planners and the strategists at advantage with a certain amount of luck. In the the Admiralty a fighting ship was a floating gun frightened eyes of a man dragged from his home platform which had to be in the right place at the street or tavern by the press gang a ship-of-war right time to be of any use. Theirs was a different with its towering and mysterious web of rigging war from that faced by the men who served in the and shrouds, spars and canvas might be seen as a King’s ships, an endless struggle to maintain the nightmare. -
The Red Plaques of Gibraltar
THE RED PLAQUES OF GIBRALTAR This document has been compiled by: Julia Harris Contact on: [email protected] Date completed: May 2014 THANKS TO: - Gail Francis-Tiron for her help when needed - Pepe Rosado for reading this and making his valued comments - Claire Montado for giving me some of the older photos to use - My parents for their gentle ‘reminders’ to get this finished and proof reading! INTRODUCTION: These cast iron red plaques were placed around Gibraltar between 1959 and 1975 in possibly the first attempt to present the rocks history to visitors and residents. They were the work of the Gibraltar Museum Committee which at the time was under the chairmanship of the Hon. Mrs Dorothy Ellicott O.B.E., J.P. (see appendix III). Modern information boards will perhaps replace them (see ‘Future’ section below), but I hope this will not happen. They are their own piece of Gibraltar’s history. When I first noticed and started taking photos of these red plaques I looked for a record of how many there were to find. After speaking to The Heritage Trust and Tourist Board I was told there was not an up to date, completed list. So, here is mine, consisting of 49 plaques, some in situ, some not. There could be more around the rock, or in storage, as there are details of up to 53 in a document attached, dated October 1977, (see Appendix I). From this list there are 43 that I have found and are on mine, another 10 I did not find (some I know have been removed from site with no details of where they are stored) and there are 4 that I found that are not on it. -
Our Website Won a Gold at the APS Stampshow … and Europa News Garnered
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2017 Issue # 441 Our website won a Gold at the APS StampShow … and Europa News garnered a Silver ! See page 2 SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2017 441-2 Article Report from StampShow — Dana Roper The 2017 APS StampShow, held in Richmond, VA from 3-6 August , was a great show. Lots of deal- ers with good material to look at. Two of my per- sonal favorite dealers—A&D Stamps and A to Z Worldwide — had adjoining multiple booths to form a “Great Wall of Stamps” that was twice as long as usual. You could spend days just at their two booths. No Europa exhibits at the show — Steve Luster would have been disappointed. Still, I had fun eyeballing what was there and frequenting the dealer tables. The “Great Walls of Stamps”, still picture from the You Tube video, excerpted from Linn’s Stamp News Report. The judges’ comments regarding the website in- cluded praise for the wealth of information — the Handbook and other checklists, New Issues listings, auctions and back issues of Europa News. The judges called it a “Content rich website ... a valuable resource for ESU members.” Some helpful suggestions included adding links in each webpage to get back to the previous ones and a Search function. I’ll get to work on these. The EN comments brought me back to earth a bit, Joe Running (selfie taker), Joe Sullivan and me but then I reminded myself that I was looking for comments and suggestions. The comments there We held a Unit meeting on Saturday, and three boiled down to content and formatting. -
Issue XIV the Bolitho Newsletter Is Published and Copyrighted by Highseas Authors Ltd
Issue XIV The Bolitho Newsletter is published and copyrighted by Highseas Authors Ltd. This issue was originally released in 1990. Contents PART ONE Articles of War PART TWO Crossroads by Kim Reeman PART THREE Pipe All Hands! PART FOUR ‘The Only Victor’ Douglas Reeman / Alexander Kent Photo by Kimberley Reeman 2 Part One Articles of War ‘Articles of War are certain regulations for the betterment of the navy, and may be altered at the pleasure of the King. They are printed and hung up in the most public place in every ship of the Royal Navy and are ordered to be read aloud at least every month to the ship's company.’ his was how the opening T instruction of the Act of Parliament was worded, and what was to become the unwavering guidance in the fleet, and all ships, whether in company or ‘The Only Victor’ by English marine artist sailing alone, perhaps thousands Geoffrey Huband of miles from any senior authority. a reminder of the consequences. Passed in 1749, the Articles, and there were ‘If any officer, mariner, soldier, or other person some thirty-six of them, were intended to support in the fleet shall strike any of his superior officers, every commander and sea officer, whether he be in draw, or offer to draw, or lift up any weapon charge of a tiny armed transport like the ill-fated against him, being in the execution of his office, on Bounty or the flagship of some powerful and any pretext whatsoever, every such person being distinguished admiral. convicted of any such offence by the sentence of a Ships sailing alone were always at risk, and not court-martial, shall suffer death . -
Issue XVII the Bolitho Newsletter Is Published and Copyrighted by Highseas Authors Ltd
Issue XVII The Bolitho Newsletter is published and copyrighted by Highseas Authors Ltd. This issue was originally released in 1995. Contents PART ONE Alexander Kent PART TWO Sea Change PART THREE A Conversation with the Author Douglas Reeman / Alexander Kent by Kim Reeman Photo by Kimberley Reeman PART FOUR Sweethearts and Wives PART FIVE ‘For My Country’s Freedom’ Part One Alexander Kent Dear Friend, How else could I address somebody who is reading this, the latest Richard Bolitho newsletter, Number XVII? In 1968 when the first story, To Glory We Steer, was published, it was a time a great excitement and high hopes for something I had contemplated for a long time, even when I was writing my other books under my own name, Douglas Reeman. Looking back, it seems as if it had already been decided. Fate, as HMS Hyperion (center) and a British cutter (left of center) Richard Bolitho himself often by English marine artist Geoffrey Huband claims, was too strong to resist. Richard’s life has become entwined with mine, and with the lives of so many of his friends Part Two and readers, who follow his exploits in all the Sea Change languages in which the novels appear around the world. Some of Bolitho’s readers I am fortunate he day of the leviathans sailing slowly to a enough to have met, either at literary functions or ‘T costly and terrible embrace is over. We’ll in our local bookshop. Young and old, male and not see another Trafalgar, I am certain of it.’ An female – what better company could Bolitho ask extract from Sir Richard Bolitho’s speech to the for? Or for that matter, the author also. -
February 19, 6:00 PM - Selby Library, 1331 First St., Sarasota Remembering Tocobaga: Recent Archaeology at the Safety Harbor Site in Tampa Bay
F E B R U A R Y - 2 0 2 0 PRESERVATION EDUCATION RESEARCH INSPIRE Dear Member: A huge thanks to everyone who attended our all day In-Depth Seminar on “Neanderthals & Early Humans”. I hope you enjoyed it as much as we did putting it on. Now the Board has to figure on how we top it next year! This month we are featuring Dr. Thomas Pluckhahn of University of South Florida. He is going to tell us about his recent excavations at the Safety Harbor Site in Tampa. Come join us on the 19th. Don’t forget your dues are now due. Previously membership dues were collected on your anniversary date, but this has proven very hard to administer. So with that in mind, the Board changed the procedure so that all member- ship dues will be due in January. Thank you for being a Time Sifters member. Darwin “Smitty” Smith, President [email protected] February 19, 6:00 PM - Selby Library, 1331 First St., Sarasota Remembering Tocobaga: Recent Archaeology at the Safety Harbor Site in Tampa Bay Dr. Tom Pluckhahn Professor, University of South Florida The Safety Harbor site is widely recognized as the probable location of the native town of Tocobaga, where Spanish Governor Pedro Menéndez de Avilés established a short-lived mission-fort in the 1560s. It later became the location for the plantation owned by one of the area’s most legendary settlers, “Count” Odet Philippe. Philippe is said to have been a childhood friend of Napoleon. He was the first European settler of Pinellas County, the first to cultivate citrus in Florida, and the first to introduce cigar rolling to Tampa Bay; generally omitted from such tall tales is the fact that he was slave owner of likely Afro-Caribbean heritage. -
Download Guide
#VISITGIBRALTAR GIBRALTAR WHAT TO SEE & DO ST MICHAEL’S CAVE & LOWER ST THE WINDSOR BRIDGE MICHAEL’S CAVE This tourist attraction is definitely not This beautiful natural grotto was prepared as for the faint-hearted, but more intrepid a hospital during WWII; today it is a unique residents and visitors can visit the new auditorium. There is also a lower segment that suspension bridge at Royal Anglian Way. provides the most adventurous visitor with an This spectacular feat of engineering is experience never to be forgotten, however, 71metres in length, across a 50-metre-deep these tours need to be pre-arranged. gorge. Gibraltar Nature Reserve, Upper Rock Nature Reserve, Gibraltar APES’ DEN WORLD WAR II TUNNELS One of Gibraltar’s most important tourist During WWII an attack on Gibraltar was attractions, the Barbary Macaques are imminent. The answer was to construct a actually tailless monkeys. We recommend massive network of tunnels in order to build that you do not carry any visible signs of food a fortress inside a fortress. or touch these animals as they may bite. GREAT SIEGE TUNNELS 9.2” GUN, O’HARA’S BATTERY The Great Siege Tunnels are an impressive Located at the highest point of the Rock, defence system devised by military engineers. O’Hara’s Battery houses a 9.2” gun with Excavated during the Great Siege of 1779-83, original WWII material on display and a film these tunnels were hewn into the rock with from 1947 is also on show. the aid of the simplest of tools and gunpowder. Gibraltar Nature Reserve, Upper Rock Nature Reserve, Gibraltar THE SKYWALK THE MOORISH CASTLE Standing 340 metres directly above sea level, The superbly conserved Moorish Castle is the Skywalk is located higher than the tallest part of the architectural legacy of Gibraltar’s point of The Shard in London. -
Comparing the Dutch and British Maritime Technologies During the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815)
Technology and Empire: Comparing the Dutch and British Maritime Technologies during the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815) By Ivor Mollema December, 2015 Director of Thesis: Dr. Lynn Harris Major Department: History The two ships, Bato (1806) and Brunswick (1805) wrecked in Simons Bay, South Africa, provide an opportunity to compare British and Dutch maritime technologies during the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815). The former was a Dutch 74-gun ship of the line and the latter a British East Indiaman. Their remains reveal pertinent information about the maritime technologies available to each European power. Industrial capacity and advanced metal working played a significant role in ship construction initiatives of that period, while the dwindling timber supplies forced invention of new technologies. Imperial efforts during the Napoleonic Era relied on naval power. Maritime technologies dictated imperial strategy as ships were deployed to expand or maintain colonial empires. Naval theorists place the strategy into a wider spectrum and the analysis of the material culture complements further understanding of sea power. The study also recommends management options to preserve the archaeological sites for future study and to showcase for heritage tourism. TECHNOLOGY AND EMPIRE: Comparing Dutch and British Maritime Technologies During the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815) Title Page A Thesis Presented To The Faculty of the Department of History East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts, Program in Maritime Studies by Ivor Mollema December, 2015 © Ivor Mollema, 2015 Copyright Page TECHNOLOGY AND EMPIRE: Comparing Dutch and British Maritime Technologies During the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815) by Ivor Mollema Signature Page APPROVED BY: DIRECTOR OF THESIS: ________________________________________________________ Dr. -
Gibraltar Nature Reserve Upper Rock
THE GIBRALTAR NATURE RESERVE UPPER ROCK THE NATURE RESERVE Over 100 million years in the making the Rock of Gibraltar stands apart as arguably the most spectacular geological feature in southern Europe. THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR The Strait of Gibraltar, where the Atlantic meets the meets the Mediterranean. A narrow channel that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Gibraltar and peninsular Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa THE EXPERIENCE Whether you walk, take the cable car or enjoy an offi cial Rock tour your senses will be overwhelmed. History blended with natural history and integrated with geology, fl ora and fauna fused with technology. Try one of the four walking trails, designed for the individual tastes of the Nature Lover, the Thrill Seeker, the History Buff, and the Monkey Trail THE history The Nature Reserve, like the Rock of Gibraltar has evolved over millennia. Nature and humans working through the ages to create the most spectacular, rich and fascinating experience within the smallest of areas. Make sue you make the most of your visit and enhance your experience. Nature Reserve Paths Military Heritage Centre History Buff WWII Tunnels Casemates Distance: 4300m Square Diffi culty: Medium Great Siege Immerse yourself in the rich history Tunnels of Gibraltar, and in particular the extensive military forti cations in Moorish the Upper Rock. Castle Includes Devil’s Gap and Genoese Batteries, Royal Anglian Way, WWII and Great Siege Tunnels and the Moorish Castle. City Under Library Siege Exhibition Monkey Trail Steps Distance: 2900m Diffi culty: Medium Cathedral Visit the favourite spots of the Square Rock’s population of Barbary macaques, including the feeding Inglis Way points at Apes’ Den and Prince Phillip’s Arch, as well as St Devil’s Gap Battery Michael’s Cave and the Cable Car top station. -
These Grave Histories Were First Presented at the Friends of Hamsey Church Open Day on 6Th July 2019
These grave histories were first presented at the Friends of Hamsey Church Open Day on 6th July 2019. They were prepared by Sue Rowland Some grave histories in the East graveyard E003 SHIFFNER (FOOKS) Elizabeth Mary E007 POPHAM Admiral Brunswick E012 VENTHAM Bessie Elizabeth E013 MITCHELL James & Sophia E026 BEECHING John et al E027 SATCHER Joe & brothers E032 PINYOUN Walter E035 SATCHER John & Mary E038 McBEAN James & Annie E041 SMITH Ernest E046 PELLING Frances/Francis/William E049 McBEAN Albert & Bessie E073 TURNER (SIMMONDS) Trayton/Susan E080 KENWARD John & Julia E085a FARNES Daniel (Targy) E086/87 NEDEHAM BROWNE Kate Isobel & Henry E101 KNIGHT Major Ernest Frederick E102 KNIGHT Edward Charles E122 MITCHELL Deborah Kate & Alfred E128 CURTIS KING Roger E139 BROOKS Robert WW2 E140 WINGROVE Robert WW2 E143 KENDERDINE Sir Charles Halstaft E159 TIDMARSH Major G D E162 FISHER Edwin E163 GEARING Albert E194 MITCHELL Jim & Ernie E003 Fooks Elizabeth Mary Shiffner was born on 9 December 1894. She ELIZABETH MARY (Betty) was the daughter of Sir John Shiffner, 5th Bt. and Elsie Burrows. FOOKS, 1894-1984. Her brothers were John Bridger Shiffner who died in WWI, Daughter of John and Elsie aged 19 and Henry Burrows Shiffner who died in WWII, aged Shiffner, Fifth Baronet of 39. Both are commemorated on the War Memorial. Coombe Place, Sussex She married Major Gerard David Tidmarsh, son of David Tidmarsh, on 20 March 1915. They had a daughter, Betty Mary Tidmarsh born 15 May 1916. He died on 9th November 1944, aged 55. Her second marriage was to Lt.-Col. Osmund John Francis Fooks, son of Edward John Fooks, on 25 January 1950. -
Encountering Children in Conflict Zones: the British Experience
Encountering Children in Conflict Zones: The British Experience Michelle Lynette Jones Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of PhD Department of International Politics Aberystwyth University 2016 Declaration & Statement Page Word Count of Thesis: 106,945. DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed (Michelle Lynette Jones). Date STATEMENT 1 This thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated where *correction services have been used, the extent and nature of the correction is clearly marked in a footnote(s) Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed (Michelle Lynette Jones). Date *this refers to the extent to which the text has been corrected by others. STATEMENT 2 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations Signed (Michelle Lynette Jones). Date ii Abstract With contemporary conflicts being fought amongst and alongside civilian populations, the likelihood of professional soldiers encountering children during military operations has increased. Legal frameworks concerning the topic of children in armed conflict are born from sociological understandings surrounding the Western concept of childhood based on the idea that children are innocent and in need of protection. Within theatres of armed conflict children can be encountered by military forces in two distinct ways; either as innocent bystanders or as security threats. However, a moral dilemma can occur when a child, who is armed and capable of a lethal attack, is encountered by an adult soldier, whose values resonate with the Western concept of childhood.