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SAXIFRAGACEAE -- Saxifrage Family

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SAXIFRAGACEAE -- Saxifrage Family SAXIFRAGACEAE -- Saxifrage Family Scientific Name: Common Name: Heuchera parvifolia Alumroot Size: Color: 20 - 60 cm Greenish white Description: Notes: Stemless perennial herb. Leaves basal. Petioles The genus Heuchera was named by Carl 2 - 12 cm long, with gland-tipped hairs of Linneaus for Johann Heinrich von Heucher unequal length. Leaf blade kidney-shaped to (1677-1747), a German physician and professor heart-shaped 10 - 55 mm long, 15 - 65 mm of medicine, who actually seems to have had wide, 5 - 9 lobed, with wavy-toothed margins, nothing to do with these strictly North American mostly glabrous. Floral stalks leafless, 20 - 60 plants. Plants of this genus are well adapted for cm long, with gland-tipped hairs. Flowers life on cliffs, often growing beautifully from a solitary or in groups of 3 from axils of soil-free crack. Alumroot blooms from May lanceolate bracts scattered along top of floral through August between 7000 and 10000 ft. stalk. Floral cup glandular, top-shaped, 2 - 4 mm long, topped by 5 triangular sepals about 1 mm long, with stalked glands. Petals 5, between sepals, oblanceolate about 2 mm long, narrowed at base. Stamens 5, sometimes New Mexico Native malformed, short. Styles 2. Fruit a 1-beaked capsule 4 - 7 mm long. 403 SAXIFRAGACEAE -- Saxifrage Family Scientific Name: Common Name: Heuchera pulchella Sandia alumroot Size: Color: 10 - 20 cm Pink Description: Notes: Stemless perennial herb. Leaves basal on hairy Sandia alumroot has been identified as a rare petioles 3 - 6 cm long, blades broadly oval to plant by the New Mexico Rare Plant Technical round or heart-shaped, palmately 3 - 7 lobed Council. Its range is apparently restricted to the with broadly toothed margins, glabrous above, Sandia and Manzano Mountains. Like all alum with gland-tipped hairs below. Floral stalks roots, this plant’s roots contain tannins with a leafless, 10 - 20 cm long, with gland-tipped bitter taste that makes the mouth pucker as hairs. Flowers 15 or more, on short curved would alum. Sandia alumroot blooms from July stalks scattered along one side of the top of the into September between 7000 and 10000 ft. main floral stalk. Floral cup with dense gland- tipped hairs, bell-shaped, purplish-pink, topped by 5 sepal lobes 1 - 2 mm long. Petals 5, lanceolate, very narrow at the base, longer than sepals. Stamens 5, equal to or longer than sepals. Styles not much protruding, stigmas 2. New Mexico Native 404 SAXIFRAGACEAE -- Saxifrage Family Scientific Name: Common Name: Saxifraga bronchialis Spotted saxifrage Size: Color: 3 - 15 cm White Description: Notes: Perennial herb forming a mat, root covered with The genus name Saxifraga comes from the persistent, papery leaves. Leaves crowded and Latin saxum, “rock” and frango, “to break”. overlapping at base of flowering stalks, sessile, Early herbalists felt that saxifrages were useful rigid, 4 - 12 mm long, 1 - 3 mm wide, narrowly for breaking up stones in the kidneys and lanceolate, spine-tipped, glabrous, with smooth urinary tract. In a modern context, the tendency but hairy edges. Stem leaves similar, alternate, of the plants to occupy cracks in rocks, may few, scattered, 2 - 6 mm long. Flowers perfect, make it appear that the plants cracked the rock. in loose, branched clusters at top of flowering The species name bronchialis refers to the stalk 3 - 15 cm long. Sepals 5, triangular to branched flower clusters. Spotted saxifrage can ovate, 2 - 3 mm long, mostly glabrous. Petals 5, form broad mats with many beautiful, delicate, spreading, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 3 - 6 mm spotted flowers. It blooms from mid-June long, 3-nerved, spotted. Stamens 10 mostly through August between 7000 and 10000 ft. shorter than petals, filaments 4 - 5 mm long. Styles 2, free. Fruit a 2-beaked capsule 4 - 6 mm long. New Mexico Native 405 SCROPHULARIACEAE -- Figwort Family Scientific Name: Common Name: Castilleja integra Foothills paintbrush Size: Color: 10 - 30 cm Red, rarely yellow Description: Notes: Erect to ascending hemiparasitic perennial herb, Plants of the genus Castilleja are hemiparasites, stems often several. Herbage whitish with short that is, plants which contain chlorophyll and to long woolly hairs. Leaves alternate, sessile, photosynthesize food, but also tap into the roots linear to narrowly lanceolate, 2 - 6 cm long, of other plants to obtain moisture and extra often folded, margins smooth. Leaves changing nutrients. Typically in the Manzanos, they to bracts above. Flowers sessile, dense on upper parasitize oaks and grasses. The actual flower is stem, each subtended by a red to orange bract. green. The colorful parts of paintbrushes are the Bracts broadly rounded, sometimes with 2 lobes leaf-like bracts below each flower and the near the top, with long hairs and gland-tipped flower calyx which holds the flower. Foothills hairs. Calyx tubular, yellowish becoming red paintbrush blooms from June into August and glandular towards top, symmetrically cleft between 5000 and 10000 ft. into 4 lobes. Corolla green, 25 - 30 mm long, protruding, 2-lipped, the upper long, arching, enclosing the 4 stamens, the lower lip very New Mexico Native short, 3-lobed. 406 SCROPHULARIACEAE -- Figwort Family Scientific Name: Common Name: Castilleja miniata Scarlet paintbrush Size: Color: 25 - 70 cm Red Description: Notes: Ascending to erect hemiparasitic perennial herb, Like other paintbrushes, scarlet paintbrush is stems few to several, often branched. Herbage hemiparasitic (see Castilleja integra). This glabrous or with short, straight hairs, paintbrush is recognizable by the fact that the particularly above. Leaves alternate, sessile, upper leaves and flower bracts are often with smooth edges, linear or narrowly dissected into narrow lobes. The species name lanceolate 3 – 7 cm long, the uppermost often 3- miniata literally translates from Latin as lobed. Flowers sessile, dense on upper stem, “painted with red lead”, in reference to the each subtended by a red, lanceolate, hairy, bract brilliant color of the floral bracts. Scarlet with 1 or 2 pairs of lateral lobes. Calyx 20 – 30 paintbrush blooms from June into September mm long, hairy, tubular, with 4 linear to between 7500 and 11000 ft. lanceolate lobes cleft more deeply in front than in back. Corolla green, 25 – 44 mm long, protruding, 2-lipped, the upper long, arching, enclosing the 4 stamens, the lower small with incurved teeth. New Mexico Native 407 SCROPHULARIACEAE -- Figwort Family Scientific Name: Common Name: Cordylanthus wrightii Birdbeak, clubflower Size: Color: 10 - 35 cm Lavender Description: Notes: Erect hemiparasitic perennial herb, stems The genus name Cordylanthus comes from the solitary, branched. Herbage with gland-tipped Greek kordyle, “club” and anthos, “flower” in hairs or mostly glabrous. Leaves alternate, 1 - 3 reference to the club-like appearance of the cm long, pinnately or palmately divided into 3 - asymmetrical flower. The genus has 20 species 5 thread-like segments. Flowers 2 - 8, sessile, native to the western United States. New in dense clusters at branch ends, each cluster Mexico has 3 varieties and the Manzanos one. subtended by 1 or more leaf-like bracts 10 - 25 The plants are hemiparasitic (see Castilleja mm long. Each flower subtended by 1 narrowly integra) on at least 8 other plants. Birdbeak lanceolate, green bract 15 - 25 mm long. Calyx blooms from mid-July into September between green, 15 - 20 mm long, split to the base inside 5000 and 7500 ft. forming a lanceolate sheath shallowly 2-lobed at the top. Corolla 16 - 24 mm long, tubular, with 2 lips, these often folded together, the upper somewhat arched, enfolding the 4 hairy stamens, the lower almost equal, swollen. New Mexico Native 408 SCROPHULARIACEAE -- Figwort Family Scientific Name: Common Name: Mimulus glabratus Smooth monkey-flower Size: Color: 10 - 50 cm Yellow Description: Notes: Reclining to ascending perennial herb, stems The genus name Mimulus comes from the Latin rooting at lower leaf nodes. Herbage mostly mimus, “mimic” with the diminutive ending, glabrous. Leaves opposite, on petioles below, -lus, thus meaning “little mimic”, probably sessile above, broadly ovate to round, 12 - 25 because the flower “mimics” the face of a mm long, with 3 - 5 veins all originating from monkey. Monkey-flowers are typically water the base, leaf margins toothed, wavy or smooth. loving, often growing directly in water, but Flowers solitary in both axils of upper leaf pairs, there are certainly xeric species. The stems of on stalks 15 - 30 mm long. Calyx bell-shaped, 5 smooth monkey-flowers tend to lie on the - 12 mm long, 5-angled, pleated, 5-lobed, the 4 ground and root from the lower parts, forming lateral lobes extremely short. Corolla tubular, 1 dense patches. The flowers bloom from May - 2 cm long, strongly 2-lipped, the upper 2- into July between 4000 and 7500 ft. lobed, bent backwards, the lower 3-lobed, bent down, the central lobe with 2 hairy ridges, but not closing the throat. New Mexico Native 409 SCROPHULARIACEAE -- Figwort Family Scientific Name: Common Name: Mimulus guttatus Common monkey-flower Size: Color: 5 - 50 cm Yellow with red spots Description: Notes: Annual or perennial herb, stems stout or slender, The species name guttatus means spotted. The hollow, erect or reclining, simple or branched. flower and its supporting cup are commonly Herbage with short hairs or almost glabrous. spotted with red. The flower’s ovary is attached Leaves opposite, on petioles below, sessile to a stalk tipped with a pair of flat scales above, broadly ovate or obovate to round, 2 - 5 (stigmas) to gather pollen. If touched, the scales cm long, 1 - 4 cm wide, with irregularly toothed visibly fold together. When a bee enters the edges. Flowers on stalks 1 - 3 cm long loosely flower, it contacts the stigmas first, depositing clustered at top of stem with leaf-like bracts. foreign pollen. The stigmas then close Calyx bell-shaped, 6 - 16 mm long, 5-angled, preventing the flower’s own pollen from pleated, with 5 triangular lobes, one much larger contacting them as the bee goes deeper into the than the rest.
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