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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report, Natural Bridges National Monument

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National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report, Natural Bridges National Monument Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR—2008/077 USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Natural Bridges National Monument ON THE COVER Sipapu Bridge, Natural Bridges National Monument (Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service) ii USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Natural Bridges National Monument Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report, Natural Bridges National Monument Natural Resource Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR—2008/077 Janet Coles Northern Colorado Plateau Network National Park Service Moab, Utah Jim Von Loh engineering-environmental Management, Inc. Englewood, Colorado Angela Evenden Northern Colorado Plateau Network National Park Service Moab, Utah Gerald Manis GIS Contractor Moab, Utah Gery Wakefield / Aneth Wight Southeast Utah Group / Northern Colorado Plateau Network National Park Service Moab, Utah January, 2008 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado iii USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Natural Bridges National Monument The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. The Natural Resource Technical Report series is used to disseminate the peer-reviewed results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service’s mission. The reports provide contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. Current examples of such reports include the results of research that addresses natural resource management issues; natural resource inventory and monitoring activities; resource assessment reports; scientific literature reviews; and peer reviewed proceedings of technical workshops, conferences, or symposia. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations and data in this report are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect policies of the U.S. Department of the Interior, NPS. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. Printed copies of reports in these series may be produced in a limited quantity and they are only available as long as the supply lasts. This report is available from the Northern Colorado Plateau I&M Network website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/im/units/NCPN) or the Natural Resource Publications Management Web site (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM) on the Internet. Please cite this publication as: Coles, J., J. Von Loh, A. Evenden, G. Manis, G. Wakefield. and A. Wight. 2008. Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report, Natural Bridges National Monument. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR—2008/077. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS D-52, January 2008 iv USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Natural Bridges National Monument Contents SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................XI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................XIII INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project, Natural Bridges National Monument......... 1 The USGS-NPS Vegetation Characterization Program ....................................................... 1 Northern Colorado Plateau Network Inventory and Monitoring Program............................. 2 Vegetation Characterization Program Standards................................................................. 2 National Vegetation Classification Standard ........................................................................ 3 Other Standards................................................................................................................... 4 PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... 5 Location and Setting ............................................................................................................5 Topography.......................................................................................................................... 6 Climate................................................................................................................................. 6 Geology and Vegetation....................................................................................................... 9 Soils ................................................................................................................................... 14 Biological Soil Crusts .........................................................................................................15 Hydrology and Water Resources ....................................................................................... 16 Land Use............................................................................................................................ 17 Previous Vegetation Studies .............................................................................................. 17 PROJECT OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................. 19 General Approach and Timeline ........................................................................................ 19 Primary Partners and Project Roles................................................................................... 20 Aerial Photography.............................................................................................................22 Stereoscopic Aerial Photo Coverage ..................................................................................... 23 Digital Orthophotos................................................................................................................. 25 Scoping Meeting ................................................................................................................26 Work Plan........................................................................................................................... 26 Project Boundary and Map Extent ..................................................................................... 27 Minimum Mapping Unit ...................................................................................................... 27 Ecological System Classification........................................................................................ 27 VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION .......................................................... 30 Pre-Field Methods..............................................................................................................30 Preliminary Classification List.................................................................................................30 v USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Natural Bridges National Monument Legacy Data Review............................................................................................................... 30 Field Methods..................................................................................................................... 30 Field Sampling Approach ....................................................................................................... 30 Plot Data Collection ................................................................................................................ 31 Data Processing and Analysis................................................................................................ 34 Observation Points ................................................................................................................. 34 Classification Data Analysis ............................................................................................... 35 Classification Results.........................................................................................................36 Plant Community Descriptions........................................................................................... 40 Forest Associations ................................................................................................................ 40 Woodland Associations .......................................................................................................... 40 Shrubland Associations ..........................................................................................................42 Herbaceous Associations....................................................................................................... 42 Field Key Preparation........................................................................................................
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