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Abstract Effect of Interactional
ABSTRACT Title of thesis: EFFECT OF INTERACTIONAL AERODYNAMICS ON COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS OF SIKORSKY'S NOTIONAL X2 PLATFORM Ian Kevin Bahr Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering, 2020 Thesis directed by: Professor James Baeder A. James Clark School of Engineering Department of Aerospace Engineering An in-house acoustics code, ACUM, was used in conjunction with full vehicle CFD/CSD coupling to create a computational aeroacoustic framework to investigate the effect of aerodynamic interactions on the acoustic prediction of a compound coaxial helicopter. The full vehicle CFD/CSD was accomplished by using a high- fidelity computational fluid dynamics framework, HPCMP CREATETM-AV Helios, combined with an in-house computational structural dynamics solver to simulate the helicopter in steady forward flight. A notional X2TD helicopter consisting of a coaxial rotor, airframe and pusher propeller was used and split into three simulation cases: isolated coaxial and propeller, airframe and full helicopter configuration to investigate each component's affect on the others noise as well as the total noise. The primary impact on the acoustic prediction was the inclusion of the airframe in the CFD simulation as it affected both coaxial rotors as well as the propeller. It was found that the propeller and coaxial rotors had negligible impact on each other. EFFECT OF INTERACTIONAL AERODYNAMICS ON COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS OF SIKORSKY'S NOTIONAL X2 PLATFORM by Ian Kevin Bahr Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2020 Advisory Committee: Dr. James Baeder, Chair/Advisor Dr. -
AHS -- Future of Vertical Flight
The Future of Vertical Flight www.tinyurl.com/VFS-Heli-Expo-2020 Mike Hirschberg, Executive Director The Vertical Flight Society www.vtol.org • [email protected] © Vertical Flight Society: CC-BY-SA 4.0 www.vtol.org ▪ The international professional society for those working to advance vertical flight – Founded in 1943 as the American Helicopter Society (AHS) – Everything from VTOL MAVs/UAS to helicopters, eVTOL, etc. ▪ Expands knowledge about vertical flight technology and promotes its application around the world CFD of Joby S4, Aug 2015 ▪ Advances safety and acceptability ▪ Advocates for vertical flight R&D funding ▪ Helps educate and support today’s and tomorrow’s vertical flight engineers and leaders ▪ Brings together the community — industry, academia and government agencies — to tackle the toughest challenges Join us today: www.vtol.org VFF Scholarship Winners at Forum 71, May 2015 © Vertical Flight Society: CC-BY-SA 4.0 2 www.vtol.org ▪ VFS has a long history of advocacy and leadership – Helped establish NASA-Army Joint Office, Nat’l Rotorcraft Technology Center (NRTC), Centers of Excellence, RITA/VLC – Worked with NASA and DoD to save the NFAC wind tunnel ▪ Provided major support to transformative initiatives NFAC 40 ft x 80 ft wind tunnel Courtesy of NASA – Joint Strike Fighter/F-35B STOVL Lightning II – V-22 Osprey tiltrotor ▪ Providing major foundational support to new transformative initiatives – Future Vertical Lift (FVL)/Joint Multi-Role (JMR) – Electric and hybrid-electric VTOL (eVTOL) Future Vertical Lift (FVL) VFS Works -
Russian Helicopters Experience and Innovation
RUSSIAN HELICOPTERS EXPERIENCE AND INNOVATION © 2013 Russian Helicopters, JSC All rights reserved RUSSIAN HELICOPTERS AT A GLANCE Russian Helicopters, JSC is the sole manufacturer of “Mil” and “Kamov” civil and military helicopters. The company’s structure incorporates design bureaus, final assembly plants, components and parts manufacturers and service providers. Russian Helicopters consolidated the entire helicopter-building industry of Russia. We offer complete helicopter lifecycle from development to disposal. Russian Helicopters was founded in 2007 as a subsidiary of Oboronprom Corporation © 2013 Russian Helicopters, JSC All rights reserved FULLY INTEGRATED STRUCTURE Oboronprom TOTAL STAFF – 41,000 EMPLOYEES Russian Helicopters (98.5%) Mil Moscow Kazan Helicopters SMPP Helicopter Service Helicopter Plant (80.22%) (59.99%) Company (72.38%) (100.0%) Kamov Rostvertol Reduktor-PM (99.79%) (92.01%) (80.84%) Moscow and region NARP (9,000 employees) Kazan (95.1%) (6,500 employees) Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant (84.82%) Perm Progress Arsenyev (1,800 employees) Aviation Company Rostov-on-Don (93.14%) (7,900 employees) Kumertau Kumertau (4,000 employees) Novosibirsk Aviation PE (500 employees) (100.0%) Arsenyev (6,000 employees) Ulan-Ude (6,000 employees) © 2013 Russian Helicopters, JSC All rights reserved RUSSIAN HELICOPTERS AROUND THE WORLD Civil Total 37,530 Military Total 22,800 9% 91% 78% Civil Military Russian-made helicopters Key regions: account for nearly 14% of the Russia, CIS, India, China, Latin global fleet and are operated America, -
Decision 2005/07/R
DECISION No 2005/07/R OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE AGENCY of 19-12-2005 amending Decision No 2003/19/RM of 28 November 2003 on acceptable means of compliance and guidance material to Commission Regulation (EC) No 2042/2003 on the continuing airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical products, parts and appliances, and on the approval of organisations and personnel involved in these tasks THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY, Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 of 15 July 2002 on common rules in the field of civil aviation (hereinafter referred to as the Basic Regulation) and establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency1 (hereinafter referred to as the “Agency”), and in particular Articles 13 and 14 thereof. Having regard to the Commission Regulation (EC) No 2042/2003 of 28 November 2003 on the continuing airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical products, parts and appliances, and on the approval of organisations and personnel involved in these tasks.2 Whereas: (1) Annex IV Acceptable Means of Compliance to Part- 66 Appendix 1 Aircraft type ratings for Part-66 aircraft maintenance licence (hereinafter referred to as Part-66 AMC Appendix I) is required to be up to date to serve as reference for the national aviation authorities. (2) To achieve this requirement the text of Part-66 AMC Appendix I should be amended regularly to add new aircraft type rating. (3) The regular amendment of Part-66 AMC Appendix I is considered as a permanent rulemaking task for the Agency. This decision represents the first update according to an accelerated procedure accepted by AGNA and SSCC. -
Rotorcraft (2011)
Rotorcraft Overview The rotorcraft industry produces aircraft, powered by either turboshaft or reciprocating engines, capable of performing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) operations. The rotorcraft sector includes helicopters, gyrocopters, and tiltrotor aircraft. Helicopters, which employ a horizontal rotor for both lift and propulsion, are the mainstay of the industry. Gyrocopters are produced in much smaller quantities, primarily for use in recreational flying. Tiltrotor aircraft, such as the V-22 Osprey1, can take off vertically and then fly horizontally as a fixed-wing aircraft. Rotorcraft are manufactured in most industrialized countries, based on indigenous design or in collaboration with, or under license from, other manufacturers. Manufacturers in the United States of civilian helicopters include American Eurocopter, Bell, Enstrom, Kaman, MD Helicopters, Robinson, Schweizer (now a subsidiary of Sikorsky), and Sikorsky. Bell moved its civilian helicopter production to Canada, with the last U.S. product completed in 1993.2 American Eurocopter—a subsidiary of the European manufacturer and subsidiary of EADS NV—has manufacturing and assembly facilities in Grand Prairie, Texas and Columbus, Missouri. European producers include AgustaWestland, Eurocopter, NHIndustries, and PZL Swidnik. Russian manufacturers including Mil Moscow, Kamov and Kazan helicopters, as well as a number of other rotorcraft related companies, have been consolidated under the Russian government majority-owned OAO OPK Oboronprom.3 (See this report’s Russia -
Design and Performance of Lift-Offset Rotorcraft for Short-Haul Missions
Design and Performance of Lift-Offset Rotorcraft for Short-Haul Missions Wayne Johnson Aeromechanics Branch National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California [email protected] Alex M. Moodie and Hyeonsoo Yeo Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC) U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT The design and performance of compound helicopters utilizing lift-offset rotors are examined, in the context of short-haul, medium-size civil and military missions. The analysis tools used are the comprehensive analysis CAMRAD II and the sizing code NDARC. Following correlation of the comprehensive analysis with existing lift-offset aircraft flight test data, the rotor performance model for the sizing code was developed, and an initial estimate was made of the rotor size and key hover and cruise flight conditions. The rotor planform and twist were optimized for those conditions, and the sizing code rotor performance model updated. Two models for estimating the blade and hub weight of lift-offset rotors are discussed. The civil and military missions are described, along with the aircraft design assumptions. The aircraft are sized for 30 passengers or 6600 lb payload, with a range of 300 nm. Civil and military aircraft designs are described for each of the rotor weight models. Disk loading and blade loading were varied to optimize the designs, based on gross weight and fuel burn. The influence of technology is shown, in terms of rotor hub drag and rotor weight. and the rotor efficiency and lift capability steadily INTRODUCTION. -
Agustawestland AW139 Agustawestland AW169 Airbus
Title Modification Approval Type/Model Notes Updated September 2018. Please check latest update on www.airlift-doa.com or contact us at [email protected] AgustaWestland AW139 Polycon Antenna DO-139-23-101 Minor change AB139/AW139 NVIS Certification DO-139-33-101 EASA STC 10044769 AB139/AW139 SX-5 Searchlight DO-139-33-102 EASA STC 10046342 AB139/AW139 “Short Nose” AgustaWestland AW169 Tactical Radio installation DO-169-23-101 Minor change AW169 Map holder/storage cabinet DO-139-25-101 Minor change AW169 Under development Airbus Helicopters AS332 / H215 / H225 “Super Puma” Bluesky SATCOM DO-332-23-101 Minor change AS332 L1 NAT NPX-138 FM Radio DO-332-23-102 Minor Change AS332 series FM Radio demodification DO-332-23-104 Minor Change AS332 L1 HF partial demodification DO-332-23-105 Minor Change AS332 L1 Latitude SkyNode SATCOM DO-332-23-106 EASA STC 10030710 AS330, AS332, EC225 series Old ref. STC EASA.R.S.01574 GSM Phone DO-332-23-109 Minor change AS330 J, AS332 C, C1, L, L1, L2 EC225 LP Infusion Pump (medical) DO-332-25-101 Minor change AS332 series Sea tray flooring DO-332-25-102 Minor change AS330, AS332, EC225 series Provision for iPad DO-332-25-103 Minor change AS332 C, C1, L, L1, L2, EC225 LP NVIS Certification DO-332-33-101 EASA STC 10049453 AS332 C, C1, L, L1 LED Anticollision and Position Lts DO-332-33-102 Minor change AS332 C, C1, L, L1 Provision for EGNOS GPS Eqt. DO-332-34-101 Minor change AS332 L1 Airbus Helicopters AS365 / EC155 “Dauphin” Bluesky SATCOM DO-365-23-101 Minor change AS365 N2 Bluesky SATCOM DO-365-23-102 Minor change AS365 N3 DM C70-4 Antenna DO-365-23-103 Minor change AS365 N3 Latitude SkyNode SATCOM DO-365-23-104 EASA STC 10028603 AS365, EC155 series NAT NPX-138 FM Radio DO-365-23-105 (Minor change) AS365 Under development Airlift AS is an EASA Part-21 Subp. -
Over Thirty Years After the Wright Brothers
ver thirty years after the Wright Brothers absolutely right in terms of a so-called “pure” helicop- attained powered, heavier-than-air, fixed-wing ter. However, the quest for speed in rotary-wing flight Oflight in the United States, Germany astounded drove designers to consider another option: the com- the world in 1936 with demonstrations of the vertical pound helicopter. flight capabilities of the side-by-side rotor Focke Fw 61, The definition of a “compound helicopter” is open to which eclipsed all previous attempts at controlled verti- debate (see sidebar). Although many contend that aug- cal flight. However, even its overall performance was mented forward propulsion is all that is necessary to modest, particularly with regards to forward speed. Even place a helicopter in the “compound” category, others after Igor Sikorsky perfected the now-classic configura- insist that it need only possess some form of augment- tion of a large single main rotor and a smaller anti- ed lift, or that it must have both. Focusing on what torque tail rotor a few years later, speed was still limited could be called “propulsive compounds,” the following in comparison to that of the helicopter’s fixed-wing pages provide a broad overview of the different helicop- brethren. Although Sikorsky’s basic design withstood ters that have been flown over the years with some sort the test of time and became the dominant helicopter of auxiliary propulsion unit: one or more propellers or configuration worldwide (approximately 95% today), jet engines. This survey also gives a brief look at the all helicopters currently in service suffer from one pri- ways in which different manufacturers have chosen to mary limitation: the inability to achieve forward speeds approach the problem of increased forward speed while much greater than 200 kt (230 mph). -
NPA 2018-13 Table of Contents
European Aviation Safety Agency Notice of Proposed Amendment 2018-13 Appendix I to AMC to Annex III (Part-66) Aircraft type ratings for Part-66 aircraft maintenance licences RMT.0541 (66.024) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Notice of Proposed Amendment (NPA) addresses a regulatory coordination issue related to aircraft type ratings. According to the AMC to Annex III (Part-66), type ratings should be endorsed on an aircraft maintenance licence (AML) in accordance with Appendix I to AMC to Part-66 ‘List of type ratings’. An NPA is issued regularly to amend this list, after assessing feedback received from the industry, and to add new aircraft types or to remove aircraft types whose type certificate (TC) has been revoked or surrendered. This NPA adds also the tables of the new Group as a consequence of the introduction of the ‘L’ licence subcategories by Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1142. The main objective is to ensure a common standard throughout the Member States. Action area: Regular updates/review of rules Affected rules: AMC/GM to Annex III (Part-66) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 Affected stakeholders: Maintenance certifying staff; maintenance training organisations; maintenance organisations; competent authorities Driver: Efficiency/proportionality Rulemaking group: No Impact assessment: None Rulemaking Procedure: Standard 12.5.2009 5.12.2018 2019/Q2 TE.RPRO.00034-008 © European Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO 9001 certified. Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA intranet/internet. Page 1 of 186 An agency of the European Union European Aviation Safety Agency NPA 2018-13 Table of contents Table of contents 1. -
The Market for Medium/Heavy Commercial Rotorcraft
The Market for Medium/Heavy Commercial Rotorcraft Product Code #F605 A Special Focused Market Segment Analysis by: Rotorcraft Forecast Analysis 4 The Market for Medium/Heavy Commercial Rotorcraft 2011-2020 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................2 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................2 Trends..........................................................................................................................................................................3 Competitive Environment.......................................................................................................................................7 Market Statistics .......................................................................................................................................................9 Table 1 - Medium/Heavy Commercial Rotorcraft Unit Production by Headquarters/Company/Program 2011 - 2020......................................................10 Table 2 - Medium/Heavy Commercial Rotorcraft Value Statistics by Headquarters/Company/Program 2011 - 2020 ......................................................12 Figure 1 - Medium/Heavy Commercial Rotorcraft Unit Production 2011-2020 (Bar Graph).....................................................................................14 -
Aip Supplement 012/2019 United Kingdom
AIP SUPPLEMENT 012/2019 UNITED KINGDOM Date Of Publication 14 Mar 2019 UK Aeronautical Information Services Notes NATS Swanwick (a) All times are UTC. Room 3115 (b) References are to the UK AIP. Sopwith Way (c) Information, where applicable, Southampton SO31 7AY [email protected] should also be used to amend http://www.ais.org.uk appropriate charts. 07469-441832 (Content - DfT/Aviation Policy Division) 0191-203 2329 (Distribution - Communisis UK) LONDON HEATHROW, LONDON GATWICK AND LONDON STANSTED AIRPORTS NOISE RESTRICTIONS NOTICE 2019 (Published on behalf of the Department for Transport) Whereas: a) By virtue of the Civil Aviation (Designation of Aerodromes) Order 1981(a) Heathrow Airport - London, Gatwick Airport - London and Stansted Airport - London (‘the London Airports’) are designated aerodromes for the purposes of Section 78 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982 (‘the Act’)(b); b) Pursuant to the powers set out in section 78 of the Act, the Secretary of State considers it appropriate, for the purpose of avoiding, limiting or mitigating the effect of noise and vibration connected with the taking-off or landing of aircraft at the London Airports, to prohibit aircraft of specified descriptions from taking off or landing and to limit the number of occasions on which other aircraft may take off or land at those aerodromes during periods specified in this Notice throughout the period specified as the summer season 2019 in this Notice; c) For the purposes of Section 78(4)(a) of the Act, the circumstances under which a particular occasion or series of occasions on which aircraft take off or land at the London Airports will be disregarded for the purposes of this Notice are specified in paragraph 11 of this Notice. -
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Ka-32 service and maintenance centre opens in the Republic of Korea 28 January 2013, Moscow The Korea Forest Service has formally opened a new service and maintenance centre for Ka-32 helicopters manufactured by Russian Helicopters, a subsidiary of Oboronprom, part of State Corporation Rostec. Representatives of Russian Helicopters took part in the opening ceremony for the centre, which will promote the use of Ka-32 helicopters in the Republic of Korea and other countries in the Asia- Pacific region and reduce waiting times for maintenance and repair of these helicopters. “The opening of the new service centre will first of all have a positive effect on prospects for promoting Russian-built Kamov-brand helicopters in East Asia,” said Russian Helicopters CEO Alexander Mikheev. “This is a key region for our industry, and we want to be able to offer helicopter operators high-quality maintenance services through the whole life-cycle of our helicopters.” The multi-role Ka-32 has been supplied to South Korea since 1993. The Korea Forest Service uses the helicopter for monitoring forests and for fire-fighting, the country’s Air Force flies it for search-and-rescue missions, while the Coast Guard deploys helicopters in patrolling its coastal waters. The Ka-32 is also used in the commercial sector for carrying cargo, construction work and other missions. In total 61 Ka-32 helicopters are operational in South Korea, and have racked up more than 100,000 flight hours between them. The Ka-32 service and maintenance centre is located in a new multi-purpose complex that also houses the headquarters of the Korea Forest Service.