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Ancient

The Rise of Rome

The Rome Republic Early Rome Etruscan: 1000 BC – Etruscan tribes move into Italy

ETRUSCAN Gold Weight: 80.5 g. L: 52.2 cm. H: 7.7-7.9 cm Allegedly from Western Central Etruria Etruscan 630-600 B.C. URL: http://www.georgeortiz.com/ortiz_test/indexh.asp?itemid=h187

Pendant Representing the Head of Acheloos, Gold, 6th B.C. URL: http://www.ou.edu/class/ahi4163/files/villa8.html

Bracelets from Vetulonia, Gold, 7th B.C. URL: http://www.ou.edu/class/ahi4163/files/villa8.html

http://www.christusrex.org/www1/vaticano/ET2b-Disk.jpg

Etruscan Bronzes The Chimera of Arezzo - A mythological creature with the body of a lion, two heads (of a lion and a goat), and a serpent-like tail URL: http://www.mysteriousetruscans.com/art/bronze.html

Emergence of the (509 B.C.) The Career of Conquest (About 400 B.C.-133 B.C.) Social and Political Changes (264-146 B.C.)

The end of the Republic

Violence and Revolution: The last Century of the Republic (133 B.C-30A.D)

Two-handled cup (skyphos) with Bacchic scene Roman, Early Imperial Period, A.D. 1–30 Height: 11.1 cm (4 3/8 in.); diameter: 10.1 cm (4 in.); width: 16.8 cm (6 5/8 in.) Silver, with traces of gold leaf URL: http://www.mfa.org/collections/search_art.asp?coll_package=26123

The beginning of the Principete (27B.C.-A.D. 33)

Julius and (59 B.C-A.D. 14) The Augustan Age (27B.C.-A.D.14)

Head of Augustus, Roman Period, 27–20 B.C. Egyptian Blue-green (glassy?) faience; H. 2 5/8 in. (6.8 cm) Purchase, Edward S. Harkness Gift, 1926 (26.7.1428) URL http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phar/ho_26.7.1428.htm

The Augustus of Prima Porta, believed to have been commissioned in 15 A.D. by Augustus’ adopted son , is a majestic example of Imperial Roman statuary. It is currently under restoration, generously financed by the patrons of the Florida chapter.

It was discovered at Prima Porta nine miles outside of Rome in the villa belonging to Augustus’ wife Livia. Although it may be a copy of a bronze original, dated 20 B.C., Tiberius made a significant addition to his marble copy: on the chest plate, he added scenes depicting the Roman victory over the Parthians. These scenes were used by Tiberius as a form of propaganda so that the viewer would recall the important role his father played in securing the . URL: http://mv.vatican.va/4_ES/pages/z-Patrons/MV_Patrons_04_03.html

Imperial Leadership After Augustus (A.D 14-A.D180) The Empire Under the Principete Economic and Social Conditions The Silver Age (A.D 14-A.D 180)

The Spiritual Metamorphosis

Gods, Mystery Cults, and Neoplatonism Plotinus (A.D. 205-270) The Early Church Christianity and Classical Culture Christianity and the Empire

The Dominate

The Third Century Causes of the Third-Century Anarchy (A.D. 193-211) The Reforms of

Diocletian ( 284-305 A.D.) The Emperor Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (A.D. 284-305) put an end to the disastrous phase of Roman history known as the "Military Anarchy" or the "Imperial Crisis" (235-284). He established an obvious military and was responsible for laying the groundwork for the second phase of the Roman Empire, which is known variously as the "Dominate," the "," the "Later Roman Empire," or the "." His reforms ensured the continuity of the Roman Empire in the east for more than a thousand years. URL: http://www.roman-emperors.org/dioclet.htm

The Reign of Constantine (A.D 306-337)

Full name: Flavius Valerius Constantinus Date of Birth: Born between 274 AD to 288 Ad and Die 337 Constantine became Emperor in 306 and rule Rome until his death 337. Constantine is well known for his contribution to Christianity. He stopped the persecution of Christians during the Roman Empire under Diocletian’s rule, during which Diocletian ordered a general persecution of the Christians (303 A.D.). Constantine also protected the Christians and spread the religion all over Rome making it a Christians Empire. URL: http://timothyministries.org/images/Constantine_large.jpg

The Christian Empire Doctors of the Church Saint Ambrose (C. A.D. 340-397) Saint (C. A.D. 347-420) Saint (C. A.D. 354-430)

The Waning of the Western Empire ( 4th and 5th Century) The Splitting of East and West

This head is Emperor (the Thracian) who was Eastern Emperor from (A.D.457-474) 7 February 457: recognized as emperor 18 January 474: natural death URL: http://www.livius.org/le-lh/leo_emperor/leo_i.html

“Decline and Fall”

Gothic polychrome eagle-head belt buckle from South Russia. 4th century A.D. The eagle motif derives from East and results from the participation of the forebears of the Goths in the Hunnic Empire. URL: http://www.hp.uab.edu/image_archive/ujg/ujgp.html

The Germanic Migrations Theodoric and Clovis Theodoric (C. A.D. 454-526) Clovis (A.D. 481-511) Europe in A.D. 500 The Graeco-Roman Legacy

The " Chalice," first half of 6th century Byzantine; Made in Antioch or Kaper Koraon (?) Silver, silver-gilt; 7 1/2 x 5 7/8 in. (19 x 15 cm) The Cloisters Collection, 1950 (50.4) URL: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/06/waa/ho_50.4.htm#