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(Flora E Fauna) Nella Convenzione Delle Alpi

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(Flora E Fauna) Nella Convenzione Delle Alpi APAT Agenzia per la protezione dell’ambiente e per i servizi tecnici La protezione delle specie selvatiche (flora e fauna) nella Convenzione delle Alpi Rapporti 45/2004 APAT Informazioni legali L’Agenzia per la protezione dell’ambiente e per i servizi tecnici o le persone che agiscono per conto dell’Agenzia stessa non sono responsabili per l’uso che può essere fatto delle infor- mazioni contenute in questo rapporto. APAT - Agenzia per la protezione dell’ambiente e per i servizi tecnici Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 - 00144 Roma www.apat.it © APAT, Rapporti 45/2004 ISBN 88-448-0129-9 Riproduzione autorizzata citando la fonte Basi cartografiche delle Figg. 2.2 e 3.6 a cura e per concessione dell’Istituto Geografico De Agostini Elaborazione grafica APAT Grafica di copertina: Franco Iozzoli Foto di copertina: Paolo Orlandi, Valeria Giacanelli Coordinamento tipografico APAT - Servizio di Supporto alla Direzione Generale Settore Editoria, Divulgazione e Grafica Impaginazione e stampa I.G.E.R. srl - Viale C. T. Odescalchi, 67/A - 00147 Roma Stampato su carta TCF Finito di stampare settembre 2004 Autori Il volume è stato curato da Luciano Onori. I singoli Capitoli sono stati redatti dai seguenti autori: Andrea Dall’Asta (1): Box 8.1. Simone Fattorini (2): Capitoli 2, 6, 7, 8, 12; Box 3.1, 8.2. Valeria Giacanelli (2): Capitoli 3, 4, 5, 12; Box 5.1. Cesare Lasen (3): Box 5.2. Stefano Martellos (4): Box 5.3. Juri Nascimbene (4): Box 5.3. Pier Luigi Nimis (4): Box 5.3. Luciano Onori (2): Capitoli 1, 10. Fabio Palmeri (5): Capitolo 9; Box 3.2. Sandro Pignatti (6): Capitoli 10, 11. Francesco Pinchera (7): Capitolo 8. Alfonso Russi (5): Capitolo 9; Box 3.2. Carmine Siniscalco (2): Box 5.1 Gianfranco Visentin (8): Box 5.1 Quando non diversamente specificato, i box di approfondimento contenuti in un capitolo sono redatti dall’autore del capitolo stesso. Recapiti degli autori 1) Strada Statale 14, 5/c - 34013 Duino (TS) [email protected] 2) APAT – Agenzia per la protezione dell’ambiente e per i servizi tecnici Servizio Parchi, Ecosistemi e Biodiversità Via Curtatone 3 - 00185 Roma [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 3) fraz. Arson 114 - 32030 Villabruna (BL) [email protected] 4) Dipartimento di Biologia - Università di Trieste, via Giorgieri 10 - 34100 Trieste [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 5) Tecnovia - Via Verona 22 - 39100 Bolzano [email protected] [email protected] 6) Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale – Università di Roma “La Sapienza” Città Universitaria 00185 Roma [email protected] 7) Libero professionista [email protected] 8) Associazione Micologica Bresadola - Comitato di gestione del Centro Studi Micologici Via Pastrengo 7 - 45030 Boara Polesine (RO) [email protected] Ringraziamenti È stato possibile realizzare il presente lavoro grazie ai numerosi contributi che, in for- me diverse, ci sono pervenuti da persone, enti e istituzioni. In particolare si ringrazia- no: Paolo Angelini (Ministero dell’Ambiente e Tutela del Territorio - Direzione per la Ricer- ca Ambientale e lo Sviluppo) per i suggerimenti forniti sull’organizzazione del Proget- to; Maja Humar (EURAC, Accademia Europea di Bolzano - Unità di coordinamento Convenzione delle Alpi – IMA) per l’assistenza fornita durante lo svolgimento del Pro- getto; Luca Campana e Francesco Campanelli (APAT – Servizio Parchi, Ecosistemi e Biodi- versità) per il supporto tecnico; Barbara Serra (APAT – Servizio Parchi, Ecosistemi e Biodiversità) per i suggerimenti relativi al Capitolo 8 (fauna vertebrata); Beat Bäumler (Centro della Rete Svizzera di Floristica) per aver fornito i dati floristici re- lativi alla Svizzera; Yves Gonseth (CSCF – Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune) per aver fornito i da- ti faunistici relativi alla Svizzera; Giorgia Turchetto e Giorgio Michelini per la collaborazione alla realizzazione e allo svi- luppo del sito web di @lpinsieme Il Servizio Carta della Natura (APAT – Dipartimento Difesa della Natura) per aver for- nito la cartografia in scala 1:50.000 degli habitat (sensu Corine Biotopes) del Parco Na- zionale Dolomiti Bellunesi; l’Istituto Geografico De Agostini per aver concesso l’utilizzo delle Figg. 2.2 e 3.6. il Centro della Rete Svizzera di Floristica (CRSF/ZDSF - Centre du Réseau Suisse de Floristique/Zentrum des Datenverbundnetzes der Schweizer Flora), il Centro Svizzero di Cartografia della Fauna (CSCF/SZKF – Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Fau- ne/Schweizer Zentrum für die Kartographie der Fauna) e L’Agenzia svizzera per l’Ambiente, le Foreste e il Paesaggio (OFEFP/BUWAL - Office Federal de l’Environne- ment, des Forets et du Paysage/Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft) per la proficua collaborazione alla raccolta dati; l’Ente Parco Naturale delle Prealpi Giulie, per il censimento e il monitoraggio di anfi- bi e rettili nei territori del Parco. Il territorio dell’arco alpino, esteso su una superficie larga 200 km e lunga 1000, rap- presenta un’area geografica omogenea di primaria importanza per la protezione dell’ambiente a livello internazionale, grazie alla presenza di ecosistemi delicati e vulnerabili, alle preziosissime riserve d’acqua che custodisce e alle risorse di biodi- versità che conferiscono ai sistemi di paesaggio alpini un’importanza paneuropea. Esso rappresenta anche lo spazio vitale, il luogo di lavoro e la piattaforma economi- ca per la popolazione che vi risiede, 14 milioni di persone distribuiti in 8 diversi stati, 53 regioni e 5.800 comuni, nonché una zona ricreativa per più di 100 milioni di per- sone afferenti a Regioni e Paesi limitrofi. Le Alpi diventano pertanto un’importante zona di transito, un crogiuolo di varietà cul- turali, di lingue e tradizioni, e in un’epoca di continua crescita demografica e in un mondo sempre più urbanizzato, un fedele indicatore dei cambiamenti ambientali e dei mutamenti culturali che intervengono nel delicato equilibrio tra territorio e popo- lazione. L’evoluzione della società e la crescente pressione sull’ambiente minacciano tuttavia l’equilibrio economico ed ecologico dell’arco alpino; per questo è diventato indispen- sabile risolvere i problemi di natura economica ed ecologica agendo a livello paneu- ropeo e tenendo conto di tutta la regione alpina, e procedere uniti per garantire un’autonomia socio-economica e culturale delle regioni di montagna al fine di attua- re uno sviluppo nel rispetto delle risorse naturali. Al fine di potersi occupare in modo globale dei problemi esistenti, nel 1991 è stata firmata dagli 8 Stati dell’Arco alpino e dall’Unione Europea la Convenzione per la Protezione delle Alpi. Il Ministero dell’Ambiente e Tutela del Territorio, nella Direzione per la Ricerca Ambientale e lo Sviluppo, ha sostenuto l’implementazione della Con- venzione e ne ha assicurato l’adeguata visibilità a livello internazionale, grazie an- che al lavoro svolto durante il biennio di presidenza della Convenzione (2001-2002). Tale opera ha assunto particolare rilievo in considerazione della dichiarazione del 2002 “Anno Internazionale delle Montagne” da parte delle Nazioni Unite. L’alto pro- filo del lavoro svolto e l’impegno profuso nel sostegno delle attività della Convenzione hanno trovato coronamento nell’assegnazione all’Italia della sede operativa del Se- gretariato Permanente della Convenzione delle Alpi, situata a Bolzano. La Convenzione si compone di un Accordo quadro e di Protocolli tematici attuativi. Questi ultimi, pur senza essere ancora stati ratificati dal Parlamento nazionale, sono sta- ti nel frattempo quasi completamente integrati nell’ordinamento interno in applicazio- ne dell’evoluzione della normativa comunitaria. In particolare, il Protocollo relativo alla “Protezione della natura e tutela del paesaggio” che prevede, tra l’altro, l’ado- zione di misure idonee ad assicurare la conservazione degli habitat naturali e delle specie animali e vegetali. Una delle azioni individuate dal Protocollo è quella di prov- vedere alla redazione di liste valide per l’intero territorio alpino sulla presenza/as- 7 senza delle specie animali e vegetali autoctone che richiedono particolari misure di protezione, in quanto minacciate in modo specifico. Il Gruppo di lavoro SOIA (Sistema di Osservazione e Informazione sulle Alpi) della Convenzione ha individuato quindi l’opportunità di procedere alla realizzazione di un progetto di raccolta dati relativi ai livelli di protezione adottati dai Paesi firmatari la Convenzione nei confronti delle specie selvatiche (flora e fauna) e degli habitat ritenu- ti prioritari, attraverso una prima ricognizione della distribuzione (nell’ambito dell’a- rea interessata dalla Convenzione) delle specie minacciate e degli habitat oggetto di tu- tela da parte della normativa nazionale ed internazionale. Il compito di coordinare i lavori relativi al “Progetto di raccolta dei dati sulla protezio- ne delle specie selvatiche (flora e fauna)” è stato assegnato dal SOIA all’Italia e, sulla base di una Convenzione del Ministero dell’Ambiente e Tutela del Territorio, Direzione per la Ricerca Ambientale e lo Sviluppo, all’APAT. Le attività di sviluppo del Progetto sono iniziate nel primo semestre del 2002, con l’at- tivazione del Team @lpinsieme, ovvero la costituzione di un gruppo di esperti APAT che presentano ora un primo stato di avanzamento dei lavori, condotti in osservanza del documento delle Nazioni Unite sullo “sviluppo sostenibile delle montagne”. Obiettivo del lavoro è cercare di contribuire al processo di sensibilizzazione sull’im- portanza degli
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