Typification of the Binomial Sedum Boissierianum Hausskncht Crassulaceae

Ann. For. Res. 59(1): 165-171, 2016 ANNALS OF FOREST RESEARCH DOI: 10.15287/afr.2016.496 www.afrjournal.org

Typification of the binomial Sedum boissierianum

V. Bârca ^ Bârca V., 2016. Typification of the binomial Sedum boissierianum Hausskncht Crassulaceae. Ann. For. Res. 59(1): 165-171.

Abstract. Genus Sedum, described by Linne in 1753, a polyphyletic genus of flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, was extensively studied both by scholars and succulents enthusiasts. Despite the great attention it has received over time, many binomials lack types and consistent taxonomic treatments. My currently undergoing process of the comprehensive revision of the genus Sedum in România and the Balkans called for the clarification of taxonomical status and typification of several basionyms described based on plants collected from the Balkans and the region around the Black Sea. Almost a century and a half ago, Haussknecht intensely studied flora of Near East and assigned several binomials to plants of the genus Sedum, some of which were neglected and forgotten although they represent interesting taxa. The binomial Sedum boissierianum Haussknecht first appeared in schedae as nomen nudum around 1892, for specimens originating from Near East, but was later validated by Froederstroem in 1932. Following ex- tensive revision of the relevant literature and herbarium specimens, I locat- ed original material for this taxon in several herbaria in Europe (BUCF, LD, P, Z). I hereby designate the lectotype and isolectotypes for this basionym and furthermore provide pictures of the herbarium specimens and pinpoint on a map the original collections sites for the designated types. Keywords lectotypification, Sedum boissierianum Hskn, Sedum rubens L, Se- dum hispanicum L, Crassulaceae, Near East, taxonomy

Authors. Valentin Bârcă ([email protected]) - “Carol Davila” Univer- sity of Medicine and Farmacy- Bucharest, AGAVE HIIQ Solutions- Bucharest, Romania. Manuscript received June 24, 2015; revised November 26, 2015; accepted Decem- ber 10, 2015; online first January 29, 2016.

165 Ann. For. Res. 59(1): 165-171, 2016 Research note

Introduction Northern Turkey. Froederstrom (1932 p75) mentions Sedum boissierianum Haussknecht Genus Sedum, described by Linne in as synonym to S. rubens L ( “S. boissierianum (1753:430), and in Linne (1754:197), is a Hausskn. In herb.”) thus validating Hausskne- polyphyletic genus of flowering plants in the cht’s basionym, and providing a first known family Crassulaceae, incorporating succulent text description (see further herein). plants distributed all over the world, from the Paul Ernst Emil Sintenis (1847–1907) with sea level up to the high peaks in Mexico, South the abbreviated botanical name Sint, was a America and the Himalayas. Especially during German pharmacist and plant collector from the last century, it was extensively studied by Seidenberg (Niederschlesien), who studied scholars and succulents enthusiasts alike, in- pharmacy in Breslau (1877-1879) before be- cluding the species occurring in the Carpathi- coming a freelance expeditionary plant col- an Mountains (Niculae & Bârcă 2005, 2006). lector. He participated between 1872-1876 to Despite the great attention it has received over his first biological collecting expedition in the time, many binomials lack types and consist- Dobrogea area of Romania and Bulgaria (then ent taxonomic treatments. under The Ottoman Empire) with his brother My currently undergoing process of the M.B.G. Sintenis. After this first expedition comprehensive revision of the genus Sedum in during which he helped collecting plants but România and the Balkans called for the clarifi- also, mainly mammals and birds, he apparent- cation of taxonomical status and typification of ly got so much interested in this activity that he several basionyms described based on plants spent the rest of his professional life collecting collected from the Balkans and the region plants away from both his homeland and his around the Black Sea. primary profession of pharmacist. Almost a century and a half ago, Karl Hein- Paul Sintenis was more a professional col- rich Haussknecht, (1838-1903) intensely stud- lector than a scientist, and didn’t published ied flora of Near East and assigned several bi- scientific materials about the plants -he col nomials to Sedum plants, some of which were lected, instead sharing his extremely rich and neglected and forgotten although they repre- diverse plant material with several scientists sent interesting taxa. who described many novelties based on the The binomial Sedum Boissierianum Hauss- specimens collected by P. Sintenis. Besides knecht is a basionym that first appeared as P. Sintenis’ main collection comprising about handwritten name on the labels of several 100000 specimens that according to Vegter herbarium sheets bearing plants collected by (1986) is housed in the herbarium in Lund, P. Sintenis, one of the Sintenis brothers, in Sweden LD, many duplicates that he often col- the last quarter of the 19’th century during his lected were distributed in herbaria across the botanical travels in the Balkans and the Near world. According to Baytop (2010) amongst East. Therefore, as it does not fulfill the man- the botanists who studied specimens collect- datory requirements for effective publication, ed by Sintenis, the foremost were: J.F. Freyn it must have been considered legally an unpub- (1845–1903), J.F.N. Bornmuller, H.C. Hauss- lished nomen nudum. knecht and P.F.A. Ascherson (1834–1913). In his 1932 monumental revision of the ge- He visited Turkey several times and collect- nus Sedum, Froederstroem (1932) validated ed plants during six expeditions to Anatolia the original name put forth by Haussknecht and European Turkey between 1883 and 1894. for specimens originating from Near East, In 1889, he made a third expedition to Ana- providing diagnostic drawings accompanied tolia. He arrived at Trabzon at the beginning by descriptive captions for specimens from of April, collected within the provinces of

166 ^ Bârca Typification of the binomial Sedum boissierianum Hausskncht

Trabzon, Gümüshane, Erzincan, Malatya and Virtual Herbarium. Elazig (depicted on the map in Figure 1a, b), For a better understanding of the geograph- and returned from Trabzon at about mid-Au- ical placement of the original collection sites, gust. His collection from this trip comprises at I depict their situation on a regional map con- least 1726 specimens (Cullen 1963 ex Baytop form to the geographical reference system 2010) amongst which is the specimen seen by “Davis, 1965. Flora of Turkey grid system” of Froederstroem and currently housed in LD. Davis (1965) placed in Eurasian context, with In 1892, he landed at Inebolu (N. Anatolia) the original toponymical data of the collection in April, went up to Tossia via Küre and Kasta- sites. monu (same map, Figure 1a, b), and returned to Inebolu after June 1992 with a collection numbering from 3660 to 5349 (Cullen 1963 ex Results and discussion Baytop 2010). From this trip date the specimen duplicates housed in the herbaria of ICAS Bu- Sedum boissierianum Haussknecht ex Froeder- charest (BUCF) and the herbarium in Paris P. stroem (1932:75) A thorough comparative revision of the ex- tant specimens of Sintenis’s plant named by Bas.:— Sedum Boissierianum Haussknecht Haussknecht as S. boissierianum Hskn with (1932:75). Type (lectotype here designat- the descriptions and available material of S. ed):—Turkey, Wilajet Kastambuli: P. Sintenis: rubens L in the light of current generally ac- Iter Orientale 1892. No. 4359 Sedum Boissie- cepted concept of S. rubens L (Forederstrom rianum Hskn. Paphlagonia. Wilajet Kastam- 1932, Hart 1991), - led me to the opinion that buli. Tossia: in declivibus saxos. Prp. Dikmen. S. boissierianum Hskn is clearly not conspe- 23.VI determ. Prof. C. Haussknecht: (BUCF! cific with S. rubens L. The text of description No. 37462; the multibranched specimen at the provided by Froederstroem under S. rubens L. center upper-left side of the herbarium sheet). refers to a group of several taxa that are clearly The rest of the plants on this herbarium sheet distinct in a variety of characters, so the ne- are here designated isolectotypes. Similarly, cessity of designating a type for this basionym the plants on the herbarium sheet P00706340, became obvious and constitutes the objective belonging to the same gathering, are duplicates of this research. and are designated here as isolectotypes. The search of the relevant literature did not reveal any printed text with a description of Material and methods Haussknecht’s S. boissierianum Hskn previous to Froederstroem’s validating treatment from This study is based on literature search and 1932 which regarded it as a synonym of Sedum on my personal revision of the plant material rubens. Thus, in the text under S. rubens L, housed in the following herbaria (CL, BVS, Froederstrom (1932:75) literally mentions S. CRAI, CRAF, BUCA, BUC, BUCF, BUAG, boissierianum Hskn. as synonym to S. rubens IAGB M, KRA, PRM, MPU, A, MA, LD, L. (“S. boissierianum Hausskn. In herb.”). As W and WU; the herbarium acronyms follow a caption to Figures 608-614 in (Froederstrom Index Herbariorum (Thiers 2012). I was not 1932:76), he gives as synonym for S. rubens L able to personally review the original mate- (S. bois, from Armenia turc. Erzingham, (sic!) rial housed in Paris (P) and Zurich (Z), but I Sintenis 1889, Herb Lund) analyzed the digital images of the herbarium Examination of the original herbarium sheet sheets of S. boissierianum Haussknecht speci- used by Froederstroem as basis for his descrip- mens, as available in the digital databases and tion and drawings of S. boissierianum Hskn.

167 Ann. For. Res. 59(1): 165-171, 2016 Research note

Figure 1 A: Schematic map of Turkey in the grid system of Davis 1973 with the vilayets visited by Sintenis in his 1889 and 1892 trips and the collection sites of the Original material; Erzingan marked by the open circle and Tossia marked with the arrow. B: Schematic situation of the map in Eurasian context C: Original label of the BUCF 3716 herbarium sheet with the gathering P.Sintenis: Iter Orientale 1892. No. 4359

(LD177072) revealed several interesting facts. estry Institute in Bucharest (BUCF) another The sheet bears two labels, the original one herbarium sheet from a later gathering made printed with: “P. Sintenis: Iter orientale 1889. by P. Sintenis in 1892 (see Figure 1). The her- No. 1275. Armenia turcica. Det. Dr. O.Stapf” barium sheet in BUCF bears the number 37462 and two different handwritings in different handwritten above the original label, and at the inks. The oldest inscription reads: ”Sedum top of the sheet the inventory number “Inv. rubens L. Erzinghan; Sepikondagh. 5.vii.”. 3716”. An additional handwriting in a different The original label (see Figure 1c) is a gener- shade of black ink is a correction to the first ic printed label, generally used for the entire identification; the later author put the specific lot of specimens collected by Sintenis in his epithet “rubens” in brackets and added on top botanical trip(s) bearing the title: “P.Sintenis: of it “S. Boissierianum Hskn. t. Hskn.1893.”. Iter Orientale 1892.” followed by the gathering This label also bears an oblique stamp in number “No. 4359” and the general location dark blue-gray ink reading “HERBARIUM P. of the collection site and the authority who SINTENIS”. A second label (a correction slip) identified the specimens: “Paphlagonia. Wila- was affixed above the original one and reads jet Kastambuli. determ. Prof.C.Haussknecht”. “Sedum hispanicum L. var.? Det. Harald Frod- The generic, printed label was filled in with the erstrom 20.4.1931.” same handwriting as the corrective annotation I have also found in the herbarium of the For- on the older label LD177072, and reads: “Se-

168 ^ Bârca Typification of the binomial Sedum boissierianum Hausskncht dum boissierianum Hskn. Tossia: in declivibus imen depicted in the diagnostic drawings. saxos. prp. Dikmen. 23.VI.” The labels on the LD177072 sheet bring The herbarium in Paris (P) houses another light onto the question of how did this taxon herbarium sheet with plants from the same end up relegated to synonymy with S. rubens gathering (P00706340) bearing an original la- (which is clearly a distinct taxon), together bel identical to the one on the Sheet in BUCF, with other taxa also sufficiently distinct. accompanied by two more recent labels as fol- The first striking aspect revealed by the orig- lows: a) an older label reading “Herbier de Ch. inal label is that the LD177072 plants were in- D’ALLEIZETTE Famille Crassulaceae Nom itially seen and identified by Otto Stapf (who scientifique Sedum Boissierianum Hskn Orig- ascribed them to S. rubens) and not by Haussk- ine et habitat Asie Mineure”, and b) a newer necht. The same label though, bears a later hol- label printed with: “HERB. MUS. PARIS. ograph inscription by prof. Haussknecht who Herbier Ch. D’ALLEIZETTE donné en 1941” put the epithet “rubens” in brackets and wrote The sheet also bears a small label printed “Sedum boissierianum Hsknt, t. Hsknt 1893”. “TYPE” in red ink on which someone wrote Haussknecht has seen the plants only later by hand “POSSIBLE“. (in 1893 according to his handwritten men- Since the binomial Sedum boissierianum tion “t. Hskn 1893.”) and it was only in 1893 Hskn is a basionym that initially appeared that Haussknecht corrected the identification only as handwritten name on the labels of sev- ascribing the plants to his taxon S. boissieri- eral herbarium sheets bearing plants collected anum Hskn. This shows that the LD177072 by P Sintenis, in the last quarter of the 19’th sheet was seen by Haussknecht only in 1893 century in the Near East, it did not fulfill as despite being collected by Sintenis in 1889, 3 such the mandatory requirements for effective years prior to the specimen collected in Tossia/ publication as delineated in Article 38.1. of the Kastambuli/Paphlagonia and labeled “P. Sin- Melbourne Code (2012),therefore it should tenis: Iter Orientale 1892. No. 4359” that is have been considered legally an unpublished housed BUCF. nomen nudum. Moreover, this suggests that the LD177072 But, in his 1932 revision of the genus Se- specimen was not identified by Haussknecht dum, Froederstroem unintentionally validated as S. boissierianum prior to the specimens col- the original name provided by Haussknecht for lected by Sintenis in 1892 in Tossia - which specimens originating from Near East. were labeled ab initio as S. boissierianum First, Froederstrom (1932 p75) mentions by Haussknecht, in his own handwriting, but, Sedum boissierianum Haussknecht in a list quite probably, at a later moment. These facts of synonyms under S. rubens L (“S. boissier- strongly indicate that the LD177072 specimen, ianum Hausskn. in herb.) providing a text de- although original material, seen and identi- scription for it and thus fulfilling the formal fied by Haussknecht, was most probably not requirements for validation of Haussknecht’s the first specimen named S. boissierianum by basionym, under Article 38.1 of McNeill et al. Haussknecht. (2012). This also indubitably proofs that by 1893 Furthermore, he both implicitly (in the cap- the basionym S. boissierianum had already tions accompanying the diagnostic drawings been assigned by Haussknecht to some Sedum for specimens of S. boissierianum from Er- specimens collected by P. Sintenis in Northern zinghan, Northern Turkey) and explicitly in Turkey. the synonymies accepted the name and rec- My hypothesis is that the specimens col- ognized Haussknecht’s paternity and priority lected by Sintenis around Tossia were the first over the binomial and its validity for the spec- specimens named S. boissierianum by Hauss- 169 Ann. For. Res. 59(1): 165-171, 2016 Research note knecht after P. Sintenis returned from his 1892 trip to Anatolia, and that it was this discovery that prompted Haussknecht in 1893 to (re)ex- amine the LD177072 specimens which were already seen and identified by Otto Stapf - who had initially assigned them to S. rubens. Therefore, I think another specimen should be chosen as lectotype for this binomial. Con- sequently, I decided to choose the specimen on the herbarium sheet with inventory number inv3716 housed in BUCF as lectotype and the duplicates on P00706340 as isolectotypes. Another important aspect advocated by the labels on the LD177072 specimen is that Froederstroem initially added a correction slip ascribing the plants to an unknown variety under S. hispanicum and probably later on Froederstroem was induced to believe that S. boissierianum was a synonym of S. rubens L by Stapf’s identification that directly suggest- ed this synonymy. My belief is that Froeder- stroem adopted the idea after 1931 from the label and propagated in his 1932 work probably ignoring the androecial differences between S. hispanicum and S. rubens, or considering that haplostemony in Sedum is not such a dis- Figure 2 Herbarium sheet housed at BUCF with tinctive taxonomic character as previously the gathering P. Sintenis: Iter Orientale thought. 1892. No. 4359 The collection places for the types chosen are situated both in Northern Anatolia, at a tified by Otto Stapf who ascribed the plants to distance of less than 500 Km of the collection S. rubens, and were only subsequently exam- site of the plant on LD177072 sheet and are ined by Haussknecht who assigned them to S. depicted in Figure 1a, b on a schematical map boissierianum only in 1893. This fact shows of the present-day Turkey with the grid system that the LD177072 specimen, despite being of Davis (1976), placed in Eurasian context. an earlier gathering, was only seen in 1893 by Haussknecht, with the obvious implication the plants on this sheet were not the first to bear Conclusions the binomial S. boissierianum Hskn. This also indubitably proofs that by 1893 the Albeit Froederstroem sinonymized S. boissier- basionym S. boissierianum had already been ianum Hsknt with Sedum rubens L, he clearly assigned by Hsknt to some Sedum specimens recognized Haussknecht’s paternity and prior- collected by P. Sintenis in Northern Turkey. ity over the binomial and its validity for the The specimens on LD177072 were clearly specimen depicted in the diagnostic drawings. NOT named by Haussknecht S. boissierianum The specimens on the herbarium sheet in before the specimens collected by Sintenis LD177072 were initially examined and iden- around Tossia and labeled “P. Sintenis: Iter

170 ^ Bârca Typification of the binomial Sedum boissierianum Hausskncht

Orientale 1892. No. 4359” and I believe that Phytologia Balcanica 16(2): 187–213 the latter were the first specimens to bear this Cullen J., 1963. The Turkish collections of Paul Sintenis. Notes from the Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh 25: basyonim. 31-39. Considering the above-mentioned arguments Davis P.H., 1965. Turkish vilayets and grid system. In: I have chosen the specimen on the herbarium Davis, P.H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean sheet with inventory number 3716 housed in Islands 1. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 10-12. BUCF to be designated as lectotype and the Froederstroem H., 1932. The genus Sedum L 2. Acta Horti duplicates on P00706340 as isolectotypes. Gothoburgensis. 6:1931 (Suppl 1932: 1-111). The present research also reveals that Froed- Hart t’ H., 1991. Evolution and classification of the Euro- erstroem initially (in 1931) considered the pean Sedum. Flora Mediteranea 1: 31-61 IPNI International plant name index. Web: http://www. LD177072 specimens a probable variant of ipni.org. Accessed: 02.2015. S. hispanicum, but later changed his mind Linnaeus C., 1753. Species Plantarum ed. 1 Laurentii adopting Stapf’s view that the plants belong Salvii, Stockholm, 560 p. to S. rubens; this explaining the placement of Linnaeus C., 1754. Genera Plantarum. Ed 5 Laurentii Salvii Stockholm, 522 p. S. boissierianum Hsknt in synonymy with S. McNeill J.,Barrie F. R., Buck W.R., Demoulin V., Greuter rubens L. W, Hawksworth D. L., Herendeen P.S., Knapp S., Mar- hold K., Prado J., Prud’homme van Reine W. F., Smith G.F., Wiersema J. H., Turland N.J., 2012. Internation- al Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants Acknowledgements (Melbourne Code). Regnum Vegetabile 154. Koeltz Scientific Books. Thanks are due to Dr. H. Witzell and Mr. Niculae M., Bârcă V., 2005. Preliminary data regarding the Patrik Froden, for their help concerning the distribution of the species Sedum hispanicum L (Cras- sulaceae) in Romanian Southern Carpathians, Con- LD herbarium specimens, to Mr. Dragoș tribuții Botanice. Grădina Botanică ‘Alexandru Borza’ Panaitescu for the help with geographical data, Cluj-Napoca XL: 35-42. to Ms. Marilena Niculae for helpful comments Niculae M., Bârcă V., 2006. Preliminary data regarding on the manuscript and to Ms. Aura N. Bârcă the distribution of the species Sedum annuum L (Cras- sulaceae) in Romanian Southern Carpathians. Con- for the help with the artwork. tribuții Botanice, Grădina Botanică ‘Alexandru Borza’ Cluj-Napoca XLI: 33-40 Thiers B., 2012. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. Web: http://sweet- References gum.nybg.org/ih/. Accessed: 10.03.2015. Vegter I.H., 1986. Index Herbariorum, Part II(6): Collec- Baytop A., 2010. Plant collectors in Anatolia (Turkey). tors S. – Regnum Veget., 114.

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