JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE, 64, 2018 (10): 435–454

https://doi.org/10.17221/65/2018-JFS

The vascular flora of Mt. Oiti National Park and the surrounding area in

George KARETSOS 1, Alexandra D. SOLOMOU 1*, Panayiotis TRIGAS 2, Konstantinia TSAGARI 1

1Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Athens, Greece 2Laboratory of Systematic Botany, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Karetsos G., Solomou A.D., Trigas P., Tsagari K. (2018): The vascular flora of Mt. Oiti National Park and the surrounding area in Greece. J. For. Sci., 64: 435–454.

This paper presents the first comprehensive checklist of vascular for an especially important area for biodi- versity, namely National Park “Ethnikos Drymos Oitis” – Natura 2000 site (GR2440004) and the surrounding area in Greece. This list includes a total of 1,153 taxa, including 79 endemic taxa and two local endemic ( lagarophyllum Brullo, Pavone & Tzanoudakis and Veronica oetaea Gustavsson). It is noteworthy that 551 plants are new records for the flora of Mt. Oiti. A total of 67 taxa are protected by national and international legislation, while 52 orchid taxa are also protected by the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Veronica oetaea, a priority species of Annex II of the Directive 92/43, is also protected by the Berne Convention. The high plant species diversity and endemism make Mt. Oiti National Park an important area with high conservation value, thus providing baseline information which could be utilized for further research.

Keywords: diversity; ecology; environment; protected areas; endemics; checklist; Greece

Mediterranean Basin is the third richest hotspot responding to 1,274 endemic species (22.1% of the in the world in terms of plant biodiversity (Mit- total number of Greek species) and 450 endemic sub- termeier et al. 2004). Mediterranean mountains species (22.8% of the total number of Greek subspe- host an especially high plant diversity and ende- cies) (Dimopoulos et al. 2013, 2016). mism (Sainz Ollero, Moreno Saiz 2002; Mar- Mt. Oiti is a mountain with high ecological im- tín-Brano et al. 2010), rendering them an ideal portance, which, however, belongs to the less ex- stage for biodiversity and biogeographical studies. plored areas of Greece (Dimopoulos, Georgiadis Greece, located at the crossroad of three continents, 1995). Several botanists have visited this area in the namely , and , is an important past, attracted by its high plant diversity and ende- component of the hotspot. mism. The most important publications on the flora The vascular flora of Greece comprises 5,758 spe- of Mt. Oiti have been made by Heldreich (1890), cies and 1,970 subspecies (native and naturalized), “Conspectus Florae Graeca” (von Halácsy 1901, representing 6,620 taxa, belonging to 1,073 genera 1902, 1904) who mentions 150 taxa, “Flora montis and 185 families (Dimopoulos et al. 2013, 2016). Oeta en Grece” (Regel 1943, 1953) that includes The endemic vascular flora of Greece includes 1,459 338 taxa and the Mountain Flora of Greece I, II taxa (22% of the total number of taxa in Greece), cor- (Strid 1986; Strid, Tan 1991) including 371 taxa.

J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 435 The aim of this study is to provide the first com- the national and regional levels, as it includes a prehensive species list of native spe- large variety of natural and semi-natural habitats. cies for an especially important area concerning It also hosts a large number of plant and animal plant biodiversity, namely National Park “Ethnikos species, some of them rare, and it is the southern- Drymos Oitis” – Natura 2000 site (GR2440004) most distribution limit of several plant species like and the surrounding area of Mt Oiti in Greece. Caltha palustris Linnaeus and Trollius europaeus This checklist is expected to serve as a basis for Linnaeus. It is also important for biodiversity at the a better understanding of the Greek flora and to European level and for this reason it has been des- promote more comprehensive floristic and taxo- ignated as a European Council Biogenetic Reserve nomic studies of groups or regions that require (Karetsos 2002). more detailed inventory and/or systematic work. The vegetation of Mt. Oiti is mainly consisted We also hope that will contribute towards a more of Abies cephalonica Loudon forests, which cover effective conservation management of Mt. Oiti approximately 38% of the studied area and 50% National Park. of the whole mountain. The presence ofQuercus frainetto Tenore forests as well as mixed fir-oak ones (about 7%) in the southern and western parts MATERIAL AND METHODS of the area is significant. High altitude grasslands and rocky pastures cover approximately 10% of the Study area. Mt. Oiti National Park (Fig. 1) is char- area (Mavromatis 1980; Karetsos 2002). acterized by high geological and geomorphological The average temperature in lowland areas reach- heterogeneity. Moreover, it has abundant water es 7.6°C in the coldest month and 27.8°C in the sources, and it is located at the transition zone be- warmest, while at the summit area the correspond- tween Northern and Southern Greece. The eleva- ing values are 2.2 and 16.8°C, respectively. The sub- tion ranges from 400 to 2,116 m a.s.l., and its area strate of Mt. Oiti is mainly composed by sandstone covers 7,210 ha. flysch, hard limestones and alluvial deposits (Min- The study area (latitude: between 38°56'48''N istry of Agriculture 1981, 1985). and 38°41'43''N, longitude: between 22°8'44''E and Plant collections. Plant collections were mainly 22°29'26''E) is important for biodiversity, both at made in two distinct periods during 1999–2001 and

Fig. 1. Topographic map of Mt. Oiti National Park

436 J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 2011–2013. Plant collection efforts were mainly fo- Table 2. The taxa-richest families in the flora Mt. Oiti cused within the boundaries of Mt. Oiti National Family Taxa richness (> 40) Park. Plant collections were also made in other ar- 132 eas, covering almost the entire mountain, beyond 100 the borders of the protected area. All habitat types 73 distributed across the entire elevational range of 62 the study area were systematically sampled dur- 62 ing all seasons. The collected plant specimens are deposited at the Herbarium of the Institute of the 59 Mediterranean and Forest Ecosystems, Laboratory 52 of Forest Ecology, Hellenic Agricultural Organiza- 43 tion “DEMETER”. Total 583 Species identification was mainly based on Moun- tain Flora of Greece I, II (Strid 1986; Strid, Tan Among the 111 families, the eight richest are listed 1991), Flora Hellenica I & II (Strid, Tan 1997, 2002) in Table 2 (taxa number > 40), and they include 583 and Flora Europaea (Tutin et al. 1968, 1972, 1976, taxa. According to other studies (Pavlidis 1976, 1993a, b). Plant nomenclature and distribution fol- 1982; Christodoulakis 1986; Voliotis 1988; low Dimopoulos et al. (2013, 2016). Regarding Dimopoulos 1993; Dimitrellos, Christodou- plant life-forms, the systems of Raunkiaer (1934), lakis 1995), the same families appear to be the Ellenberg (1956), Braun-Blanquet (1964), and richest even in different and relatively dissimilar Pignatti (1982a–c) were followed. regions of Greece.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Life-forms

Taxonomic diversity and endemism Life-forms are an important functional trait of plants, reflecting the climatic conditions of a certain The flora of Mt. Oiti consists of 1,153 vascular region. Hemicryptophytes is the dominant plant plant taxa (species and subspecies) (Table 1, Appen- life-form in the flora of Mt. Oiti (46.23%), followed dix 1). About half of them (551 taxa) are new floris- by Therophytes (23.16%), Geophytes (10.15%), tic records for Mt. Oiti, resulting from the present Chamaephytes (9.97%), and Phanerophytes (9.97%) study. The flora of Mt. Oiti also includes 79 endemic (Table 3). The dominance of Hemicryptophytes is taxa and two local endemic species (Allium lagaro- a valuable indicator for the environment. Because phyllum Brullo, Pavone & Tzanoudakis and Veronica of this, we can easily conclude that Mt. Oiti, de- oetaea Gustavsson). A total of 67 taxa are protected spite being close to the sea area of Malliakos and and 52 orchid taxa are also protected by the Conven- Northern Evoikos Gulf, has a continental climatic tion on International Trade in Endangered Species character due to the steep elevational rise. The high of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Veronica oetaea, percentage of Therophytes is primarily influenced a priority species of Annex II of the Directive 92/43, by the presence of annual plant species that are is also protected by the Berne Convention (IUCN mainly distributed at the low elevational belts of 2013). One more plant, Gentiana lutea Linnaeus, is Mt. Oiti. Regarding the percentages of Hemicryp- listed in Annex V of the above-mentioned directive. tophytes and Therophytes, Mt. Oiti is more similar The distribution of the vascular plants of Mt. Oiti into the main plant groups is presented in Table 1. Table 3. Categories of life-forms and their participation rates in the checklist of the study area Table 1. Representation of vascular plant taxa in the flora Life-form No. of taxa Percentage of Mt. Oiti Chamaephytes 115 9.97 Species Geophytes 117 10.15 Family Percentage + subspecies Hemicryptophytes 533 46.23 Pteridophytes 10 11 21 1.82 Phanerophytes 115 9.97 Gymnosperms 4 6 9 0.78 Therophytes 267 23.16 Angiosperms 97 540 1,123 97.39 Hydrophytes 6 0.52 Total 111 557 1,153 100.00 Total 1,153 100.00

J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 437 to mountainous areas of Northern Greece (e.g. Mt. DRYOPTERIDACEAE Paiko, Mt. Vertiskos), than to neighbouring moun- Dryopteris pallida (Bory) C. Chr. ex Maire & Petitm. tains of Sterea Ellas and/or the Peloponnese. This subsp. pallida – G result is probably due the substrate composition Dryopteris mindshelkensis Pavlov – G (flysch vs. limestone) and the high water availabil- Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth – G ity which seem to be the main factors influencing Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth – G this pattern. EQUISETACEAE *Equisetum arvense L. – G CONCLUSIONS *Equisetum palustre L. – G *Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. – G Mt. Oiti National Park and the surrounding area *Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. – G is an especially diverse area with a large number of habitat types that host a wide variety of vascular OPHIOGLOSSACEAE plant species. The flora of the area includes 1,153 vas- Ophioglossum vulgatum L. – G cular plant taxa, 551 of them are first recorded from this area during the present study. The endemic flora POLYPODIACEAE consists of 79 taxa, with their distribution range re- Polypodium vulgare L. – G stricted in the political borders of Greece. It is impor- tant to highlight the fact that Allium lagarophyllum PTERIDACEAE and Veronica oetaea are two extremely rare, locally *Adiantum capillus-veneris L. – G restricted endemics of Mt. Oiti. This study provides the first comprehensive checklist of vascular plants SELAGINELLACEAE of Mt. Oiti National Park and the surrounding area *Selaginella denticulata (L.) Spring – H in Greece. It constitutes a basis for a more effective conservation management of Mt. Oiti National Park, GYMNOSPERMS as well as further research on plant diversity issues. CUPRESSACEAE *Cupressus sempervirens L. – P APPENDIX 1. PLANT CHECKLIST L. subsp. nana (Willd.) Syme – P Juniperus foetidissima Willd. – P *a new plant record; life-form categories: P – Pha- L. subsp. deltoides (R.P. Adams) nerophytes, C – Chamaephytes, H – Hemictypto- N.G. Passal. in Bernardo, Passalacqua & Peruzzi – P phytes, G – Geophytes, T – Therophytes EPHEDRACEAE PTERIDOPHYTES *Ephedra foeminea Forssk. – P Ephedra nebrodensis Guss. subsp. procera (Fishc. & ASPLENIACEAE C.A. Mey.) K. Richt. – P *Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. – H Asplenium ceterach L. subsp. ceterach – H PINACEAE *Asplenium onopteris L. – H Abies cephalonica Loudon – P, endemic Asplenium ruta-muraria L. subsp. ruta-muraria – H *Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold subsp. nigra – P Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. – H *Asplenium trichomanes L. subsp. trichomanes – H TAXACEAE *Taxus baccata L. – P ATHYRIACEAE *Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth – G ANGIOSPERMS

CYSTOPTERIDACEAE ACANTHACEAE Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. – G *Acanthus spinosus L. – H

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE ACERACEAE *Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in Kersten subsp. *Acer campestre L. – P aquilinum – G *Acer hyrcanum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. subsp. reginae-

438 J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 amaliae (Boiss.) E. Murray – P, endemic Geocaryum pindicola (Hausskn.) Engstrand – G Acer monspessulanum L. subsp. monspessula- Heracleum sphondylium L. subsp. pyrenaicum num – P (Lam.) Bonnier & Layens – H Acer platanoides L. *Lagoecia cuminoides L. – T Laserpitium pseudomeum Orph., Heldr. & Sartori ALLIACEAE ex Boiss. – H, endemic Allium achaium Boiss. & Orph. in Boiss. Laserpitium siler L. subsp. garganicum (Ten.) Ar- *Allium flavumL. subsp. flavum cang. – H Allium guttatum Steven subsp. tenorei (Parl.) Soldano *Malabaila aurea (Sm.) Boiss. – H *Allium hymettium Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. *Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Griseb. – H Allium lagarophyllum Brullo, Pavone & Tzanoud. – *Orlaya daucoides (L.) Greuter in Greuter & Rech. G, local endemic F. – T *Allium moschatum L. – G *Pastinaca sativa L. subsp. urens (Godr.) Čelak. – H Allium pallens L. – G *Peucedanum longifolium Waldst. & Kit. – H * L. subsp. paniculatum – G *Physospermum cornubiense (L.) DC. – H Allium phthioticum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – G Pimpinella tragium Vill. subsp. polyclada (Boiss. & Allium vineale L. – G Heldr.) Tutin – C Pimpinella tragium Vill. subsp. tragium – C AMARANTHACEAE Sanicula europaea L. – H *Amaranthus blitum L. – T *Scaligeria napiformis (Spreng.) Grande – H *Scandix australis L. subsp. grandiflora (L.) Thell. – T Scandix macrorhyncha C.A. Mey. – T Narcissus poeticus L. subsp. poeticus – G Selinum silaifolium (Jacq.) Beck. – H Narcissus poeticus L. subsp. radiiflorus (Salisb.) Seseli peucedanoides (M. Bieb.) Koso-Pol. – H Baker – G *Smyrnium perfoliatum L. subsp. rotundifolium Sternbergia colchicifloraWaldst. & Kit. – G (Mill.) Hartvig in Strid – H *Tordylium apulum L. – T ANACARDIACEAE *Tordylium officinaleL. – T *Cotinus coggygria Scop. – P *Torilis africana Spreng. – T *Pistacia lentiscus L. – P *Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. – T *Pistacia terebinthus L. subsp. terebinthus – P *Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb. f. – T Rhus coriaria L. – P *Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. – T Trinia frigida (Boiss. & Heldr.) Drude – H, endemic APIACEAE *Bupleurum flavicansBoiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – T *Bupleurum flavumForssk. – T Nerium oleander L. subsp. oleander – P Bupleurum glumaceum Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – T *Vinca major L. subsp. major – C Carum graecum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. subsp. graecum – H AQUIFOLIACEAE aromaticum L. – H *Ilex aquifolium L. – P Chaerophyllum aureum L. – H Chaerophyllum heldreichii Orph. ex Boiss. – H, ARACEAE endemic *Arum italicum Mill. subsp. italicum – G *Daucus carota L. – T, H *Arum maculatum L. – G *Daucus guttatus Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – T *Dracunculus vulgaris Schott. in Scott in Scott & Dichoropetalum oligophyllum (Griseb.) Pimenov & Endl. – G Kljuykov – H Dichoropetalum vittijugum (Boiss.) Pimenov & ARALIACEAE Kljuykov – H *Hedera helix L. subsp. helix – P Eryngium amethystinum L. – H *Eryngium campestre L. – H *Eryngium creticum Lam. in Lam. & al. – T, H * elongata (Duch.) E. Nardi – G *Foeniculum vulgare Mill. – H *Aristolochia rotunda L. subsp. insularis (Nardi & Geocaryum capillifolium (Guss.) Coss. – G Arrigoni) Gamisans – G

J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 439 ASCLEPIADACEAE triumfettii (All.) Á. Löve & D. Löve * acutum L. subsp. acutum – P subsp. axillaris (Čelak.) Štĕpánek – H hirundinaria Medik. subsp. nivale Chondrilla juncea L. – H (Boiss. & Heldr.) Markgr. – H *Chondrilla ramosissima Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H, endemic *Cichorium intybus L. – H * acutifolius L. – C Cirsium appendiculatum Griseb. – H *Asparagus maritimus (L.) Mill. – C Cirsium candelabrum Griseb. – H Cirsium mairei Halácsy – H, endemic ASPHODELACEAE *Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. – H Asphodeline liburnica (Scop.) Rchb. – G aurea (L.) Cass. subsp. glabrescens (Caruel) Arcang. – H ASTERACEAE *Crepis dioscoridis L. – T * ageratifolia (Sm.) Benth. & Hook. f. subsp. *Crepis foetida L. – H, T ageratifolia – H Crepis fraasii Sch. Bip. subsp. fraasii – H Achillea crithmifolia Waldst. & Kit. – H *Crepis neglecta L. subsp. graeca (Vierh.) Rech. f. – Achillea fraasii Sch. Bip. – H H, endemic *Achillea grandifolia Friv. – H *Crepis neglecta L. subsp. neglecta – T *Achillea holosericea Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H *Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. vesicaria – H *Achillea ligustica All. – H *Crepis zacintha (L.) Loisel. – T Achillea nobilis L. –H *Crupina vulgaris Cass. – T *Achillea pannonica Scheele – H *Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter – T Achillea setacea Waldst. & Kit. – H *Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter subsp. viscosa – C, H Achillea umbellata Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – C, endemic columnae Ten. * arvensis L. subsp. cyllenea (Halácsy) R. *Doronicum orientale Hoffm. – H Fern. – T *Echinops ritro L. – H *Anthemis chia L. – T Erigeron alpinus L. – H Anthemis cretica L. subsp. cretica – H Filago arvensis L. – T Anthemis orientalis (L.) Degen – H *Filago eriocephala Guss. – T Anthemis tinctoria L. subsp. parnassica (Boiss. & *Filago germanica (L.) Huds. – T Heldr.) Nyman – H *Geropogon hybridus (L.) Sch. Bip. in Webb & Ber- Anthemis pindicola Halácsy – H thel. – T *Arctium lappa L. – H *Gnaphalium sylvaticum L. – H * annua L. – T Gnaphalium uliginosum L. – T Bellis perennis L. – H *Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W. Schmidt subsp. *Carduus nutans L. subsp. leiophyllus (Petrović) rhagadioloides – T Stoj. & Stef. – H Helichryssum stoechas (L.) Moench subsp. barrelieri *Carduus nutans L. subsp. scabrisquamus Arènes – H (Ten.) Nyman – C Carduus tmoleus Boiss. subsp. cronius (Boiss. & *Hieracium bifidum Kit. in Hornem. – H Heldr.) Greuter – H Hieracium lazistanum Arv.-Touv. subsp. leithneri * biebersteinii Hornem. subsp. brevibractea- (Boiss.) Greuter in Greuter & Raab-Straube – H ta (Andrae) K. Werner – H Hieracium naegelianum Pančić – H *Carlina corymbosa L. subsp. graeca (Heldr. & Sar- Hieracium pannosum Boiss. – H tori) Nyman – H Hieracium parnassi Fr. subsp. parnassi – H, endemic Carlina frigida Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H Hieracium scapigerum Boiss., Orph. & Heldr. in Centaurea affinisFriv. subsp. affinis – H Boiss. subsp. scapigerum – H Centaurea affinis Friv. subsp. pallidior (Halácsy) Hieracium schmidtii Tausch subsp. vranjanum Hayek – H (Zahn) Greuter in Greuter & Raab-Straube – H *Centaurea alba L. subsp. deusta (Ten.) Nyman – H *Hypochaeris achyrophorus L. – T Centaurea nervosa Willd. subsp. promota Ε. Gamal- *Hypochaeris cretensis (L.) Bory & Chaub. in Bory – H Eldin & Wagenitz in Strid & Tan – H, endemic *Hypochaeris glabra L. – T Centaurea pelia DC. – H, endemic *Inula britannica L. – H Centaurea salonitana Vis. – H *Inula candida (L.) Cass. subsp. limonella (Heldr.) *Centaurea solstitialis L. subsp. solsticialis – H Rech. f. – H, endemic

440 J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 Inula oculus-christi L. – H Solidago virgaurea L. – H Inula verbascifolia (Willd.) Hausskn. subsp. parnas- Sonchus oleraceus L. – T sica (Boiss.& Heldr.) Tutin – H, endemic *Staehelina uniflosculosa Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – C *Jacobaea erucifolia (L.) G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. Taraxacum sect. ruderalia Kirschner Kirschner, H. *Lactuca intricata Boiss. – H Øllg. & Štěpánek – H *Lactuca muralis (L.) Gaertn. – H Taraxacum epirense Soest – H *Lactuca tuberosa Jacq. – H Taraxacum gionense A.J. Richards in Strid & Tan – *Lactuca viminea (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl H, endemic Lapsana communis L. – H Taraxacum gracilens Dahlst. – H Leontodon crispus Vill. – H Taraxacum pindicola (Bald.) Hand.-Mazz. – H Leontodon hispidus L. subsp. hispidus – H Taraxacum scaturiginosum G.E. Haglund – H *Leontodon tuberosus L. – H *Tragopogon dubius Scop. – T *Onopordum illyricum L. subsp. cardunculus (Boiss.) *Tragopogon longifolius Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss. – Arènes – H H, endemic *Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. subsp. spinosa – H, T *Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. eriospermus (Ten.) *Petasites hybridus (L.) G. Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. – H Greuter in Greuter & Raab-Straube – H, T *Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass. – T Tragopogon samaritani Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss. – T *Picris pauciflora Willd. – T Tussilago farfara L. – G, H Pilosella bauhini (Schult.) Arv.-Touv. subsp. mag- *Tyrimnus leucographus (L.) Cass. – T yarica (Peter) S. Bräut. in Greuter & Raus *Urospermum picroides (L.) F.W. Schmidt – T Pilosella cymosa (L.) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. subsp. *Xeranthemum cylindraceum Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – T heldreichiana (Nägeli & Peter) Gottschl. in Greuter *Xeranthemum inapertum (L.) Miller – T & Raus – H Pilosella cymosa (L.) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. subsp. BETULACEAE sabina (Sebast.) H. P. Fuchs – H *Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner subsp. glutinosa – P Pilosella halacsyi (Halácsy) Soják – H *Carpinus betulus L. – P Pilosella leucopsilon (Arv.-Touv.) Gottschl. in *Carpinus orientalis Mill. subsp. orientalis – P Greuter & Raus subsp. pilisquama (Nägeli & Peter) Corylus avellana L. – P Gottschl. in Greuter & Raus – H *Corylus colurna L. – P *Pilosella piloselloides (Vill.) Soják subsp. pilosel- Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. – P loides – H *Pilosella ziziana (Tausch) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. – H *Alkanna calliensis Heldr. ex Boiss. – H, endemic *Podospermum canum C.A. Mey. – H *Alkanna graeca Boiss. & Spruner subsp. graeca – *Podospermum laciniatum (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. – T H, endemic Podospermum roseum (Waldst. & Kit.) Gemeinholzer *Alkanna pindicola Hausskn. – H & Greuter subsp. peristericum (Formánek) Gemein- Anchusa azurea Mill. – H holzer & Greuter in Greuter & Raab-Straube – H *Anchusa officinalisL. subsp. officinalis – H *Ptilostemon afer (Jacq.) Greuter in Greuter & Rech. Anchusa undulata L. subsp. hybrida (Ten.) Bég. – H f. subsp. afer – H *Anchusella cretica (Mill.) Bigazzi, Nardi & Selvi – T *Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) Gaertn. – T Asperugo procumbens L. – T *Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth. – H *Borago officinalisL. – T *Scolymus hispanicus L. subsp. hispanicus – H Buglossoides incrassata (Guss.) I.M. Johnst. subsp. *Scorzonera crocifolia Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H, incrassata – T endemic *Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) I.M. Johnst. – T Scorzonera mollis M. Bieb. subsp. mollis – H *Cerinthe minor L. – T, H Scorzoneroides cichoriacea (Ten.) Greuter in Greu- * columnae Ten. – T ter, Gutermann & Talavera – G *Cynoglossum creticum Mill. – H *Senecio macedonicus Griseb. – H *Cynoglossum officinaleL. – H Senecio ovatus (G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb.) Willd. – H Cynoglottis barrelieri (All.) Vural & Kit Tan subsp. Senecio rupestris Waldst. & Kit. – H serpentinicola (Rech. f.) Vural & Kit Tan – H Senecio thapsoides DC. subsp. thapsoides – H *Echium italicum L. – H Senecio viscosus L. – T *Echium plantagineum L. –T H *Senecio vulgaris L. – T *Heliotropium hirsutissimum Grauer –T

J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 441 Myosotis alpestris F.W. Schmidt subsp. suaveolens *Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. – T, H (Willd.) Strid in Strid & Tan – H Cardamine acris Griseb. subsp. vardousiae Perný *Myosotis congesta Shuttlew. ex Albert & A. Reyn. – T & Marhold – H, endemic *Myosotis incrassata Guss. – T Cardamine barbaraeoides Halácsy – H, endemic Myosotis nemorosa Besser – H *Cardamine graeca L. – T *Myosotis ramosissima Rochel in Schult. subsp. *Cardamine hirsuta L. – T ramosissima – T *Clypeola jonthlaspi L. – T Myosotis refracta Boiss. subsp. refracta – T lacaitae Boiss. – H Myosotis stricta Roem. & Schult. – T Draba lasiocarpa Rochel – H Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. subsp.cyanea (Hayek) *Draba muralis L. – H Vestergren – H, T Draba verna L. – T *Neatostema apulum (L.) I.M. Johnst. – T *Erysimum asperulum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H, *Onosma erecta Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. erecta – endemic H, endemic Erysimum cephalonicum Polatschek – H, endemic Onosma heterophylla Griseb. – H Erysimum cuspidatum (M. Bieb.) DC. – H *Rindera graeca (A. DC.) Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – *Erysimum graecum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H, H, endemic endemic *Symphytum bulbosum K.F. Schimp. – G Erysimum microstylum Hausskn. – H Erysimum parnassi (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hausskn. – H, BRASSICACEAE endemic cordatum (Desf.) Boiss. – C *Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik. – H Aethionema saxatile (L.) R. Br. in W.T. Aiton subsp. Hornungia petraea (L.) Rchb. – T graecum (Boiss. & Spruner) Hayek – C Iberis sempervirens L. – C doerfleriDegen – H *Isatis tinctoria L. subsp. tinctoria – H Alyssum gustavssonii Hartvig in Strid – H, endemic *Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. in W.T. Aiton – T Alyssum minutum Schlecht. ex DC. – T Lepidium hirtum (L.) Sm. subsp. nebrodense (Raf.) Alyssum montanum L. subsp. montanum – C Thell. – H Alyssum montanum L. subsp. repens (Baumg.) *Lunaria annua L. subsp. pachyrhiza (Borbás) Maire Schmalh. – C & Petitm. – H Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. – H Malcolmia orsiniana (Ten.) Ten. subsp. angulifolia Alyssum pulvinare Velen. – H (Boiss. & Orph.) Stork – H *Alyssum sibiricum Willd. – H *Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K. Mey. – T *Alyssum siculum Jord. – T Noccaea brevistyla (DC.) Steud. subsp. pseudorivu- Alyssum simplex Rudolphi – T laris (Bornm.) F.K. Mey. – H *Alyssum strigosum Banks & Sol. in Russell – T Noccaea ochroleuca (Boiss. & Heldr.) F.K. Mey. – H *Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. in Holl & Heynh. – T Phyllolepidum cyclocarpum (Boiss.) Cecchi subsp. alpina L. – H cyclocarpum – C Arabis auriculata Lam. – T *Sisymbrium officinale(L.) Scop. – T Arabis bryoides Boiss. – H *Arabis collina Ten. – H CAESALPINIACEAE *Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. – H *Cercis siliquastrum L. – P *Arabis sagittata (Bertol.) DC. in Lam. & DC. – H Arabis sudetica Tausch – H CAMPANULACEAE *Arabis turrita L. – H Asyneuma limonifolium (L.) Janchen. subsp. limo- *Arabis verna (L.) R. Br.in W.T. Aiton – T nifolium – H deltoidea (L.) DC. – C *Campanula glomerata L. subsp. glomerata – H Aubrieta gracilis Spruner ex Boiss. – H *Campanula rupestris Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H, * saxatilis (L.) Desv. subsp. orientalis (Ard.) endemic T.R. Dudley – H Campanula spatulata Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. Barbarea sicula C. Presl in J. Presl & C. Presli – H spatulata – G Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. in W.T. Aiton subsp. ar- Campanula spatulata Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. cuata (Opiz.) Hayek – H spruneriana (Hampe) Hayek – G *Biscutella didydma L. – T *Campanula trachelium L. subsp. athoa (Boiss. & *Bunias erucago L. – T Heldr.) Hayek – H

442 J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 Campanula tymphaea Hausskn. – H Minuartia eurytanica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hand.- Campanula versicolor Andrews – H Mazz. – H, endemic Edraianthus graminifolius (L.) A. DC. in D.C. subsp. *Minuartia globulosa (Labill.) Schinz & Thell. – T graminifolius – C *Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischk. in Kom. – T Halacsyella parnassica (Boiss. & Spruner) Janch. – Minuartia recurva (All.) Schinz & Thell. subsp. H, endemic condensata (C. Presl) Greuter & Burdet in Greuter *Legousia falcata (Ten.) Fritsch ex Janch. – T & Raus – H, C Minuartia stellata (E.D. Clarke) Maire & Petitm. – C CAPRIFOLIACEAE *Moenchia graeca Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss – T *Lonicera etrusca Santi – P Paronychia albanica Chaudhri subsp. graeca *Lonicera implexa Aiton – P Chaudhri – H, endemic *Lonicera nummulariifolia Jaub. & Spach subsp. Paronychia polygonifolia (Vill.) DC. in Lam & DC. – H nummulariifolia – P *Petrorhagia cretica (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood – T *Sambucus ebulus L. – G, H Petrorhagia fasciculata (Margot & Reut.) P.W. Ball L. – P & Heywood – H, endemic Petrorhagia illyrica (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood subsp. CARYOPHYLLACEAE illyrica –H * leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss. – T Petrorhagia phthiotica (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.W. Ball Arenaria serpyllifolia L. – T & Heywood – H, endemic Cerastium banaticum (Rochel) Steud. subsp. spe- Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood – H ciosum (Boiss.) Jalas – H *Sagina procumbens L. – H *Cerastium brachypetalum Pers. subsp. roeseri Sagina subulata (Swartz) C. Presl – H (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman – T *Saponaria bellidifolia Sm. – H Cerastium candidissimum Correns – H, endemic *Scleranthus annuus L. – T *Cerastium decalvans Schlosser & Vuk. – H Scleranthus perennis L. subsp. marginatus (Guss.) *Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. – T Nyman – H Cerastium holosteoides Fr. subsp. vulgare (Fr.) Butt- *Silene auriculata Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H, endemic ler – T Silene bupleuroides L. subsp. staticifolia (Sm.) *Cerastium ramosissimum Boiss. – T Chowdhuri – H Corrigiola littoralis L. – T Silene caesia Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H biflorusSm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H, endemic *Silene fabarioides Hausskn. – H *Dianthus cruentus Griseb. –H *Silene gigantea L. subsp. hellenica Greuter – H, Dianthus gracilis Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. graci- endemic lis – H *Silene graeca Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss. – T Dianthus haematocalyx (Boiss. & Heldr.) in Boiss. Silene italica (L.) Pers. subsp. italica – H subsp. ventricosus Maire & Petitm. – H, endemic Silene multicaulis Guss. subsp. multicaulis – H Dianthus integer Vis. subsp. minutiflorus (Halácsy) Silene paradoxa L. – H Bornm. ex strid – H Silene parnassica Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss. subsp. *Dianthus pinifolius Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. parnassica – H lilacinus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Wettst. – H Silene radicosa Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H Dianthus stenopetalus Griseb. – H, C Silene roemeri Friv. subsp. macrocarpa (Vandas) Dianthus tymphresteus (Boiss. & Spruner) Boiss. – Greuter – H H, endemic *Silene viridifloraL. – H Dianthus viscidus Bory & Chaub. – H Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. megalo- *Drypis spinosa L. subsp. spinosa – H sperma (Heldr.) Hayek – H *Herniaria hirsuta L. – T, H Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. prostrata *Herniaria incana Lam. – T (Gaudin) Schinz & Thell. – H Herniaria parnassica Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss. subsp. Spergularia rubra (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl – T, C parnassica – C Stellaria media (L.) Vill. – T, H *Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. – H *Viscaria atropurpurea Griseb. – H Minuartia attica (Boiss. & Spruner) Vierh. subsp. attica – H, C CELASTRACEAE Minuartia confusa (Boiss.) Maire & Petitm. – H, Euonymus europaeus L. –P endemic Euonymus latifolius Mill. –P

J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 443 CHENOPODIACEAE Blitum bonus-henricus (L.) Rchb. – H Blysmus compressus (L.) Link – G *Chenopodium vulvaria L. – T caryophyllea Latourr. – H Carex distans L. – H CISTACEAE *Carex divisa Huds – G *Cistus creticus L. subsp. creticus – C *Carex elata All. – H Fumana arabica (L.) Spach – C Carex flacca Schreb. subsp. serrulata (Spreng.) *Fumana thymifolia (L.) Webb – C Greuter in Greuter & Rech. f. – G Helianthemum nummularium (L.) Mill. subsp. *Carex humilis Leyss. – H nummularium – C Carex liparocarpos Gaudin – G *Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Mill. – T Carex leporina L. – H Carex otrubae Podp. – H COLCHICACEAE Carex pallescens L. – H Colchicum graecum K.M. Perss. – G, endemic Carex paniculata L. – H *Colchicum parnassicum Sartori, Orph. & Heldr. ex *Carex pendula Huds. – H Boiss. – G, endemic Carex remota L. – H Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. – G Scirpoides holoschoenus (L.) Soják – G *Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. sepium – H *Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. – H * arvensis L. – H, G * communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin – H *Convolvulus cantabrica L. – C *Convolvulus elegantissimus Mill. – H DIPSACACEAE *Convolvulus oleifolius Desr. in Lam. – C *Cephalaria flava (Sibth. & Sm.) Szabó subsp. setu- Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. subsp. kotschyi (Des lifera (Boiss. & Heldr.) Kokkini in Strid & Tan – H, Moul.) Arcang. – T endemic *Cephalaria transsylvanica (L.) Roem. & Schult. CORNACEAE – T Cornus mas L. – P *Knautia integrifolia (L.) Bertol. subsp. integrifo- lia – T CRASSULACEAE Knautia magnificaBoiss. & Orph. in Orph. – H Phedimus stellatus (L.) Raf. – T *Lomelosia argentea (L.) Greuter & Burdet in Greu- *Sedum acre L. – H, C ter & Raus – H *Sedum album L. – C *Lomelosia brachiata (Sm.) Greuter & Burdet in Sedum amplexicaule DC. subsp. tenuifolium (Sm.) Greuter & Raus – T Greuter in Greuter & Raus – C, H *Lomelosia crenata (Cirillo) Greuter & Burdet in *Sedum cepaea L. – T Greuter & Raus subsp. crenata – C Sedum dasyphyllum L. – H Pterocephalus perennis Coult. subsp. perennis – C, Sedum hispanicum L. – H, C endemic Sedum laconicum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. subsp. *Scabiosa atropurpurea L. – H laconicum – H, endemic Scabiosa ochroleuca L. – H Sedum magellense Ten. subsp. olympicum (Boiss.) Scabiosa taygetea Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. subsp. Greuter & Burdet in Greuter & Raus – C taygetea – H Sedum ochroleucum Chaix in Vill. – H Scabiosa tenuis Spruner ex Boiss. – T *Sedum rubens L. – T Sedum urvillei DC. – H EBENACEAE Sempervivum marmoreum Griseb. subsp. marmo- Diospyros lotus L. – P reum – C *Umbilicus luteus (Hudson) Webb & Berthelot ERICACEAE – G *Arbutus andrachne L. – P *Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy – G *Arbutus unedo L. – P

CUCURBITACEAE EUPHORBIACEAE *Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. in Bory – G *Euphorbia amygdaloides L. subsp. heldreichii

444 J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 (Boiss.) Aldén in Strid – C, H Lathyrus pratensis L. – H *Euphorbia chamaesyce L. – T *Lathyrus saxatilis (Vent.) Vis. – T *Euphorbia characias L. – H *Lathyrus setifolius L. – T *Euphorbia deflexaSm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H, endemic *Lens nigricans (M. Bieb.) Godr. – T *Euphorbia glabrifloraVis. – C *Lotus angustissimus L. – T *Euphorbia helioscopia L. – T *Lotus conimbricensis Brot. – T Euphorbia herniariifolia Willd. – H Lotus corniculatus L. – H *Euphorbia hirsuta L. – H *Lotus preslii Ten. – H *Euphorbia myrsinites L. subsp. myrsinites – H, C *Lotus tenuis Willd. – H Euphorbia seguieriana Neck. subsp. niciciana (Bor- *Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. – T dás ex Novák) Rech. f. – H *Medicago disciformis D.C. – T Medicago lupulina L. – T FABACEAE *Medicago minima (L.) Bartal. – C * hermanniae L. subsp. hermanniae – C *Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. – T Anthyllis vulneraria L. subsp. bulgarica (Sagorski) Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang. – H Cullen – H *Onobrychis alba (Waldst. & Kit.) Desv. subsp. pen- Anthyllis vulneraria L. subsp. pulchella (Vis.) telica (Hausskn.) Nyman – H Bornm. – H *Onobrychis ebenoides Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss – angustifolius Lam. subsp. erinaceus (C. H, endemic Presl) Brullo, Giusso & Musarella – C, endemic *Teline monspessulana (L.) K. Koch – P Astragalus depressus L. subsp. depressus – H *Trifolium pallidum Waldst. & Kit. – T *Astragalus glycyphyllos L. subsp. glyciphylloides *Trifolium pannonicum Jacq. – G (DC.) Maire & Petitm. – H Trifolium parnassi Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss – C, Astragalus glycyphyllos L. subsp. glycyphyllos – H endemic *Astragalus hamosus L. – T Trifolium physodes M. Bieb. – H Astragalus lacteus Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss. – C Trifolium pignantii Fauché & Chaub. in Bory – G Astragalus mayeri Micevski – C *Trifolium pratense L. – H *Astragalus monspessulanus L. subsp. monspessu- *Trifolium purpureum Loisel. – T lanus – H Trifolium repens L. – H Astragalus rumelicus Bunge – C *Trifolium scabrum L. – T Astragalus sempervirens Lam. subsp. cephalonicus *Trifolium stellatum L. – T (C. Presl) Asch. & Graebn. – C, endemic *Trifolium suffocatumL. – T Astragalus thracicus Griseb. subsp. parnassi (Boiss.) *Trifolium trichopterum Pančić – T Strid – C *Trigonella corniculata (L.) L. subsp. balansae *Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt. – H (Boiss. & Reut.) Lassen in Greuter & Raus – T Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link subsp. hirsutus – C *Vicia angustifolia L. – T *Colutea arborescens L. subsp. arborescens – P *Vicia bithynica (L.) L. – T *Coronilla scorpioides (L.) W.D.J. Koch – T Vicia cretica Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – T Dorycnium herbaceum Vill. – H *Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray – T *Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser. in DC. – H, C Vicia laeta Ces. in Friedr. – T Genista millii Heldr. ex Boiss. – C, endemic Vicia lathyroides L. – T Hippocrepis comosa L. – H *Vicia serratifolia Jacq. – T Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen subsp. emeroides *Vicia tenuifolia Roth – H (Boiss. & Spruner) Greuter & Burdet ex Lassen *Vicia villosa Roth subsp. eriocarpa (Hausskn.) P.W. *Hymenocarpos circinnatus (L.) Savi – T Ball – T *Lathyrus aphaca L. – T *Vicia villosa Roth subsp. microphylla (d’Urv.) P.W. *Lathyrus cicera L. – T Ball – T Lathyrus digitatus (M. Bieb.) Fiori in Fiori & Paol. – *Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host) Corb. – T H *Lathyrus grandiflorusSm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H FAGACEAE *Lathyrus latifolius L. subsp. heterophyllus (L.) *Castanea sativa Mill. – P Asmussen – H Quercus coccifera L. – P Lathyrus laxiflorus (Desf.) Kuntze – H *Quercus frainetto Ten. – P *Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh. – H *Quercus ilex L. – P

J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 445 *Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. subsp. polycar- *Hypericum empetrifolium Willd. – C pa (Schur) Soó – P *Hypericum perfoliatum L. – H *Quercus pubescens Willd. – P *Hypericum perforatum L. – H *Quercus robur L. subsp. pedunculiflora (K. Koch) Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. subsp. apollinis Menitsky – P (Boiss. & Heldr.) N. Robson. & Strid in Strid – H *Hypericum spruneri Boiss. – H FUMARIACEAE *Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra – G Corydalis blanda Scott subsp. parnassica (Orph. & Heldr.) Lidén – G, endemic Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. subsp. incisa Lidén – G nivalis Bory & Chaub. – G, endemic *Crocus olivieri J. Gay subsp. olivieri – G Crocus veluchensis Herb. – G * perfoliata (L.) Huds. subsp. perfoliata – T Iris attica Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – G *Centaurium erythraea Rafn. subsp. erythraea – T, H Gentiana asclepiadea L. – H JUGLANDACEAE Gentiana lutea L. – H Juglans regia L. – P Gentianopsis ciliata (L.) G. Mans. – H JUNCACEAE GERANIACEAE Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix subsp. alpinoarticu- Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. in Aiton – T, H latus – G *Geranium aristatum Freyn & Sint. – G Juncus articulatus L. – G Geranium asphodeloides Burm. f. subsp. asphode- Juncus effususL. – H, G loides – H Juncus inflexusL. – H, G *Geranium columbinum L. – T Juncus minutulus V. Krecz. & Gontsch. – G *Geranium lanuginosum Lam. – T, H Juncus thomasii Ten. – G *Geranium lucidum L. – T *Luzula forsteri (Sm.) DC. in Lam. & DC. – H *Geranium macrorrhizum L. – G Luzula multiflora(Ehrh.) Lej. – H Geranium macrostylum Boiss. – H Luzula spicata (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. subsp. pin- *Geranium molle L. – T dica (Hausskn.) Gamisans – H Geranium purpureum Vill. – T Luzula sudetica (Willd.) DC. in Lam. & DC. – H Geranium pusillum Burm. f. – T Luzula sylvatica (Huds.) Gaudin subsp. sylvatica – H *Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f. – H Geranium robertianum L. – T LAMIACEAE Geranium rotundifolium L. – T alpinus (L.) Moench subsp. meridionalis Geranium subcaulescens L’Hér. ex DC. – G (Nyman) P.W. Ball – H *Geranium sylvaticum L. – G Acinos graveolens (M. Bieb.) Link –T, H *Geranium tuberosum L. – G * chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. subsp. chia (Schreb.) Arcang. – H HIPPOCASTANACEAE *Ajuga orientalis L. subsp. orientalis – H *Aesculus hippocastanum L. – P acetabulosa (L.) Benth. – C Betonica alopecuros L. – H HYACINTHACEAE * grandiflora(L.) Moench – H *Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. – G *Calamintha incana (Sm.) Boiss. in Heldr. – C *Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. – G *Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. – G (Req.) P.W. Ball – H *Ornithogalum brevistylum Wolfner – G *Clinopodium vulgare L. subsp. orientale Bothmer – H *Ornithogalum montanum Ten. – G *Lamium amplexicaule L. – T *Ornithogalum nutans L. – G *Lamium garganicum L. subsp. garganicum – H Ornithogalum oligophyllum E.D. Clarke – G Lamium garganicum L. subsp. striatum (Sm.) *Ornithogalum sibthorpii Greuter in Greuter & Rech. Hayek – H f. Scilla subnivalis (Halácsy) Speta – G, endemic *Marrubium peregrinum L. – H Marrubium velutinum Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. HYPERICACEAE velutinum – H, endemic Hypericum barbatum Jacq. – H *Marrubium vulgare L. – H

446 J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 *Melissa officinalis L. subsp. altissima (Sm.) Ar- Thymus hartvigii R. Morales subsp. hartvigii – C, cang. – H endemic *Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. albida (Guss.) Thymus leucotrichusHalácsy subsp. leucotrichus – C P.W. Ball – H Thymus longicaulis C. Presl subsp. chaubardii *Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. longifolia – H (Rchb. f.) Jalas – C *Mentha spicata L. subsp. condensata (Briq.) Greuter *Thymus longicaulisC.Presl subsp. longicaulis – C & Burdet in Greuter & Raus – H *Thymus parnassicus Halácsy – C Micromeria cremnophila Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. Thymus teucrioides Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss. cremnophila – C subsp. teucrioides – C *Micromeria graeca (L.) Rchb. subsp. graeca – C Micromeria juliana (L.) Rchb. – C LAURACEAE *Micromeria nervosa (Desf.) Benth. – C Laurus nobilis L. – P Nepeta nuda L. subsp. nuda – H Nepeta spruneri Boiss. – H LILIACEAE *Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirtum (Link) A. Ter- Fritillaria graeca Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss. – G racc. – H, G Fritillaria mutabilis Kamari in Strid & Tan – G, Origanum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare – H, G endemic Phlomis fruticosa L. – P Fritillaria thessala (Boiss.) Kamari in Strid & Tan Prunella laciniata (L.) L. – H subsp. thessala – G, endemic Prunella vulgaris L. – H Gagea amblyopetala Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – G Salvia argentea L. – H Gagea fragifera Vill. ex Ehr. Bayer & G. López – G *Salvia fruticosa Mill. – P *Gagea graeca (L.) Irmisch – G Salvia ringens Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H Gagea villosa (M. Bieb.) Sweet – G Salvia sclarea L. – H Lilium chalcedonicum L. – G *Salvia verbenaca L. – H *Lilium martagon L. – G *Satureja thymbra L. – C *Tulipa australis Link – G *Scutellaria columnae All. subsp. columnae – H *Scutellaria rupestris Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. subsp. LINACEAE adenotricha (Boiss. & Heldr.) Greuter & Burdet in *Linum bienne Mill. – T, H Greuter & Raus Linum catharticum L. – T, H *Sideritis curvidens Stapf – T Linum elegans Spruner ex Boiss. – C *Sideritis montana L. subsp. remota (d’Urv.) P.W. Linum punctatum C. Presl in J. Presl & C. Presl Ball – T subsp. pycnophyllum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gustavs- *Sideritis purpurea Talbot ex Benth. – T son – H Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. subsp. *Linum strictum L. subsp. spicatum (Pers.) Ny- raeseri – H man – T Stachys germanica L. subsp. germanica – H *Linum tenuifolium L. – H Stachys germanica L. subsp. heldreichii (Boiss.) Hayek – H LORANTHACEAE Stachys germanica L. subsp. penicillata (Boiss.) *Loranthus europaeus Jacq. – P Nyman – H Stachys tymphaea Hausskn. – H LYTHRACEAE Teucrium capitatum L. subsp. capitatum – C Lythrum portula (L.) D.A. Webb – T Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. chamaedrys – C *Lythrum salicaria L. – H *Teucrium divaricatum Heldr. subsp. divaricatum – C Lythrum thymifolia L. – T *Teucrium divaricatum Heldr. subsp. graecum (Čelak.) Bornm. – C *Teucrium flavum L. subsp. hellenicum Rech. f. – C, * biennis Winterl – H endemic *Malva moschata L. – H *Teucrium flavumL. subsp. gymnocalyx Rech. f. – Malva neglecta Wallr. – T H, endemic *Malva sylvestris L. – T, Η Teucrium montanum L. subsp. montanum – C *Thymbra capitata(L.) Cav. – C MORINACEAE *Thymbra spicataL. – C Morina persica L. – H

J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 447 MYRTACEAE geon & M.W. Chase – G *Myrtus communis L. subsp. communis – P Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich. – G Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh. – G OLEACEAE *Ophrys helenae Renz – G Fraxinus excelsior L. – P Ophrys lutea Cav. subsp. galilaea (H. Fleischm. & *Fraxinus ornus L. – P Bornm.) Soó – G *Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea – P *Ophrys lutea Cav. subsp. lutea – G Phillyrea latifolia L. Ophrys reinholdii H. Fleischm. subsp. reinholdii – G Ophrys scolopax Cav. subsp. cornuta (Steven) E.G. ONAGRACEAE Camus – G Epilobium angustifolium L. – H Ophrys speculum Link subsp. speculum – G Epilobium dodonaei Vill. –H Ophrys sphegodes Mill. subsp. epirotica (Renz) Gölz Epilobium gemmascens C.A. Mey. – H & H.R. Reinhard – G Epilobium hirsutum L. – H Ophrys sphegodes Mill. subsp. mammosa (Desf.) Epilobium lanceolatum Sebast. & Mauri – H Soô ex E. Nelson – G Epilobium montanum L. – H Ophrys sphegodes Mill. subsp. sphegodes – G Epilobium parviflorumSchreb. – H Ophrys sphegodes Mill. subsp. spruneri (Nyman) E. Nelson – G ORCHIDACEAE Orchis anthropophora (L.) All. – G Anacamptis boryi (Rchb. f.) R.M. Bateman, Prid- *Orchis italica Poir. In Lam. & al. – G geon & M.W. Chase – G, endemic Orchis mascula (L.) L. subsp. mascula – G Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) R.M. Bateman, Prid- L. – G geon & M.W. Chase subsp. laxiflora – G Orchis provincialis Balb. ex Lam. & DC. – G Anacamptis morio (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon Orchis purpurea Huds. – G & M.W. Chase subsp. caucasica (K. Koch) H. Orchis quadripunctata Cirillo ex Ten. – G Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. – G Orchis simia Lam. – G Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. – G Orchis spitzelii Saut. ex W.D.J. Koch subsp. spitze- Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce – G lii – G Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch – G Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. in Mössler Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich. – G subsp. chlorantha – G baumanniana J. Hölz. & Künkele Serapias bergonii E.G. Camus – G subsp. baumanniana – G Serapias vomeracea (Burm. f.) Briq. – G Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó subsp. pindica (B. Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. – G Willing & E. Willing) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz – G Dactylorhiza iberica (Willd.) Soó – G OROBANCHACEAE Dactylorhiza romana (Sebast.) Soó – G *Bellardia latifolia (L.) Cuatrec. subsp. latifolia – T Dactylorhiza saccifera (Brongn.) Soó – G *Bellardia trixago (L.) All. – T Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó – G *Bellardia viscosa (L.) Fisch. & C.A. Mey. – T Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser – G Euphrasia liburnica Wettst. – T Epipactis greuteri H. Baumann & Künkele – G Euphrasia minima DC. in Lam & DC. – T Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz subsp. helleborine Euphrasia pectinata Ten. – T Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw. – G Euphrasia salisburgensis Hoppe – T Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz – G *Odontites linkii Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss. – G, Epipactis persica (Soó) Hausskn. ex Nannf. – G endemic Epipactis subclausa Robatsch – G *Rhinanthus pubescens (Sternec) Soó – T, endemic Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. in W.T. Aiton – G Pedicularis graeca Bunge –H Gymnadenia rhellicani (Teppner & E. Klein) Tepp- Rhynchocorys elephas (L.) Griseb. subsp. ele- ner & E. Klein – G phas – H Himantoglossum jankae Somlyay, Kreutz & Óvári Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. – G PAEONIACEAE Neotinea lactea (Poir.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. – G M.W. Chase – G Neotinea maculata (Desf.) Steam – G PAPAVERACEAE Neotinea tridentata (Scop.) R.M. Bateman, Prid- *Papaver rhoeas L. – T

448 J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 PARNASSIACEAE * fasciculatus C. Presl – T Parnassia palustris L. – H Bromus hordeaceus L. subsp. mediterraneus (H. Scholz & F.M. Vázquez) H. Scholz – T PLANTANGINACEAE *Bromus intermedius Guss. subsp. intermedius – T Plantago argentea Chaix – H *Bromus japonicus Thunb. – T *Plantago bellardii All. – T Bromus lanceolatus Roth – T Plantago holosteum Scop. – H *Bromus madritensis L. subsp. hausknechtii (Boiss.) *Plantago lagopus L. – T H. Scholz – T Plantago lanceolata L. – H *Bromus ramosus Huds. – H *Plantago major L. – H Bromus riparius Rehmann – H *Bromus scoparius L. – T PLATANACEAE Bromus squarrosus L. subsp. squarrosus – T Platanus orientalis L. – P *Bromus sterilis L. – T *Bromus tectorum L. – T PLUMBAGINACEAE varia (Shrad.) Host subsp. varia – H Acantholimon graecum F.K. Mey. – C *Catopodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. in Dony – T Armeria canescens (Host) Boiss. in A. DC. – H *Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin. – H *Plumbango europaea L. *Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. – G Cynosurus cristatus L. – H POACEAE Cynosurus echinatus L. – T *Achnatherum bromoides (L.) P. Beauv. – H *Cynosurus effususLink in Schrad. – T Achnatherum calamagrostis (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. *Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. hispanica (Roth.) calamagrostis – H Nyman – H * biuncialis Vis. subsp. biuncialis – T * villosum (L.) P. Candargy –T *Aegilops neglecta Bertol. subsp. neglecta – T Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. cespi- *Aegilops triuncialis L. subsp. triuncialis – T tosa – H Agrostis gigantea Roth subsp. gigantea – G Festuca alfrediana Foggi & Signorini – H Agrostis stolonifera L. subsp. stolonifera – H Festuca jeanpertii (St.-Yves) Markgr. in Hayek *Aira elegantissima Schur – T subsp. jeanpertii – H, endemic Alopecurus gerardii Vill. subsp. gerardii – G Festuca polita (Halácsy) Tzvelev subsp. polita – H Anthoxanthum odoratum L. – H Festuca rubra L. subsp. junkea (Hack.) Soó – H Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl – H Festuca valesiaca Gaudin subsp. valesiaca – H *Arundo donax L. – G, P *Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thel- *Avena barbata Link in Scrad. subsp. barbata – T lung *Avena fatua L. – T Glyceria fluitans(L.) R. Br. – T *Avena sterilis L. – T Helictochloa aetolica (Rech. f.) Romero Zarco – H Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. subsp. pubes- Helictochloa compressa (Heuff.) Romero Zarco – H cens – H *Helictotrichon convolutum (C. Presl.) Henrard – H Bellardiochloa variegata (Lam.) Kerguélen – H Holcus lanatus L. subsp. lanatus – H *Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. – T *Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Harz. – H *Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv. – H *Hordeum bulbosum L. – H *Brachypodium retusum (Pers.) P. Beauv. – H, G *Hordeum murinum L. – T *Brachypodium rupestre (Host) Roem. & Schult. Koeleria lobata (M. Bieb.) Roem. & Schult. – H subsp. rupestre – H *Lolium multiflorumLam. – T, H Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. subsp. *Lolium perenne L. – H sylvaticum – H *Lolium rigidum Gaudin subsp. rigidum – T *Briza humilis M. Bieb. – T Melica ciliata L. –H *Briza maxima L. – T *Melica unifloraRetz. – G *Briza media L. subsp. elatior (Sm.) Rochlena – H *Milium vernale M. Bieb. – T *Bromus benekenii (Lange) Trimen – H Nardus stricta L. – H Bromus cappadocicus Boiss. & Balansa subsp. lac- Phleum alpinum L. – H monicus (Hausskn.) P.M. Sm. – H Phleum phleoides (L.) H. Karst. – H *Bromus commutatus Schrad. subsp. neglectus (Parl.) *Phleum pratense L. – H P.M. Sm. – T Phleum subulatum (Savi) Asch. & Graebn. – T

J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 449 *Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. subsp. austra- PRIMULACEAE lis – G, H *Anagallis arvensis L. – T, H *Piptatherum coerulescens (Desf.) P. Beauv. – H *Cyclamen graecum Link subsp. graecum – G *Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss. – C, H *Cyclamen hederifolium Sol. ex Aiton – G *Poa annua L. subsp. annua – T *Lysimachia atropurpurea L. – T *Poa bulbosa L. subsp. bulbosa – H *Lysimachia punctata L. – H *Poa bulbosa subsp. pseudoconcinna (Schur) Asch. Lysimachia serpyllifolia Schreb. – C, endemic & Graebn. – H Primula veris L. subsp. veris – H Poa compressa L. – G Samolus valerandi L. – H *Poa nemoralis L. subsp. nemoralis – H Poa pratensis L. subsp. pratensis – G RAFFLESIACEAE Poa thessala Boiss. & Orph. in Boiss. – H *Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L. subsp. hypocistis – G Poa timoleontis Heldr. ex Boiss. – H *Poa trivialis L. subsp. sylvicola (Guss.) H. Lindb. – H RANUNCULACEAE *Poa trivialis L. subsp. trivialis – H Actaea spicata L. – G *Psilurus incurvus (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. – T Anemone apennina L. subsp. blanda (Schott & strictum (C. Presl) C. Presl subsp. strictum – T Kotschy) Nyman – G *Sesleria tenerrima (Fritsch) Hayek – H *Anemone coronaria L. – G *Stipa holosericea Trin. subsp. holosericea – H Caltha palustris L. – H Stipa pulcherrima K. Koch subsp. crassiculmis (P.A. *Clematis flammulaL. – P Smirn.) Tzvelev – H Clematis vitalba L. – P *Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski subsp. Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur – T crinitum (Schreb.) Melderis – T *Ficaria verna Huds. subsp. ficariiformis (F.W. Trisetum flavescens(L.) P. Beauv. subsp. splendens Schultz) B. Walln. – G (C. Presl) Arcang. – H Helleborus odorus Waldst. & Kit. subsp. cyclophyl- *Trisetum flavescens(L.) P. Beauv. subsp. tenue (For- lus (A. Braun) Maire & Petitm. – G mánek) Strid in Strid & Tan – H Myosurus minimus L. – T *Vulpia ciliata Dumort. subsp. ciliata – T *Nigella damascena L. – T *Vulpia muralis (Kunth) Nees – T Ranunculus arvensis L. – T *Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. – T Ranunculus brevifolius Ten. Ranunculus brutius Ten. – G POLYGALACEAE *Ranunculus gracilis E.D. Clarke – H Polygala alpestris Rchb. subsp. croatica (Chodat) Ranunculus lateriflorusDC. – T Hayek – H *Ranunculus paludosus Poir. – H *Polygala monspeliaca L. – T Ranunculus peltatus Schrank subsp. peltatus – Α Polygala nicaeensis W.D.J. Koch in Röhl. subsp. Ranunculus psilostachys Griseb. – H mediterranea Chodat – H Ranunculus sartorianus Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – G Polygala vulgaris L. – H Ranunculus serbicus Vis. – G Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix in Vill. – T, H POLYGONACEAE Ranunculus velutinus Ten. – H *Polygonum arenarium Waldst. & Kit. – T Thalictrum aquilegifoliumL. – G Polygonum aviculare L. – T Thalictrum minusL. subsp. saxatile DC. ex Ces. in Rumex acetosella L. subsp. acetoselloides (Balansa) Cattaneo – G Nijs – H Trollius europaeus L. – H *Rumex conglomeratus Murray – H Rumex kerneri Borbás – H RESEDACEAE Rumex nebroides Campd. – H *Reseda lutea L. subsp. lutea – T, H Rumex patientia L. – H Rumex pulcher L. subsp. pulcher – H RHAMNACEAE *Rumex scutatus L. – C *Frangula rupestris (Scop.) Schur – P *Rumex tuberosus L. subsp. tuberosus – G *Paliurus spina-christi Mill. – P *Rhamnus alaternus L. subsp. alaternus – P PORTULACACEAE *Rhamnus alpina L. subsp. fallax (Boiss.) Maire & *Portulaca oleracea aggr. – T Petitm. – P

450 J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 *Rhamnus lycioides L.subsp. graeca (Boiss. & Reut.) Ehrend. & Krendl – H Tutin – P * boissieri Heldr. ex Boiss. – C, endemic Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq. subsp. prunifolia (Sm.) *Asperula chlorantha Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – C Aldén in Strid – P *Asperula laevigata L. – H Asperula lutea Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. lutea – C, endemic * eupatoria L. subsp. eupatoria – H Asperula oetaea (Boissier) Halácsy – C, endemic Alchemilla xanthochlora Rothm. – H *Crucianella angustifolia L. – T Aremonia agrimonioides (L.) DC. subsp. pouzarii *Crucianella graeca Boiss. – T Skalický – H *Crucianella latifolia L. – T Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik. – P Cruciata laevipes Opiz. – H Cotoneaster tomentosus (Aiton) Lindl. – P Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. – T * heldreichii Boiss. – P *Galium aparine L. – T *Crataegus monogyna Jacq. – P Galium circae Krendl – H, endemic *Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex M. Bieb. subsp. orien- Galium citraceum Boiss. – H, endemic talis – P *Galium divaricatum Lam – T Filipendula vulgaris Moench – H Galium hellenicum Krendl – H Fragaria vesca L. – H *Galium incanum Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. inca- *Geum urbanum L. – H num – C *Potentilla inclinata Vill. – H *Galium intricatum Margot & Reut. – T Potentilla pedata Wild. – H *Galium murale (L.) All. – T *Potentilla reptans L. – H Galium palustre L. – H Potentilla speciosa Willd. – H *Galium rivale (Sm.) Griseb. – H *Prunus avium (L.) L. – P *Galium rotundifolium L. – H Prunus cocomilia Ten. – P *Galium setaceum Lam. – T *Prunus domestica L. subsp. insititia (L.) Bonnier *Galium spurium L. – T & Layens – P Galium thymifolium Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H, *Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb – P endemic Prunus mahaleb L. – P Galium verticillatum Danthoine in Lam. – T Prunus prostrata Labill. – P Galium verum L. subsp. verum – H Prunus spinosa L. subsp. dasyphylla (Schur) Do- *Plocama calabrica (L. f.) M. Backlund & Thulin – C, P min – P *Rubia peregrina L. – P *Pyrus spinosa Forssk. – P *Sherardia arvensis L. – T Rosa agrestis Savi – P *Valantia hispida L. – T Rosa arvensis Huds. – P *Rosa canina L. – P RUSCACEAE *Rosa dumalis Bechst. – P *Ruscus aculeatus L. – G, C *Rosa gallica L. – C, P Rosa pulverulenta M. Bieb. – P RUTACEAE *Rubus caesius L. – P Dictamnus albus L. – H *Rubus canescens DC. – P *Ruta graveolens L. – C *Rubus hirtus Waldst. & Kit. – P Ruta montana (L.) L. – C Rubus idaeus L. – P *Rubus sanctus Schreb. – P SALICACEAE *Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp. balearica (Nyman) *Populus nigra L. subsp. nigra – P Muños Garm. & C. Navarro – H Populus tremula L. – P Sanguisorba officinalisL. – H *Salix alba L. – P Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz – P *Salix eleagnos Scop. – P *Sorbus domestica L. – P *Salix fragilis L. – P Sorbus umbellata (Desf.) Fritsch in A. Kern subsp. *Salix purpurea L. – P umbellata – P oxycedri (DC.) M. Bieb. Asperula aristata L. f. subsp. condensata (Boiss.) *Osyris alba L.

J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 451 Thesium arvenseHorvatovszky ULMACEAE *Thesium bergeriZucc. *Celtis australis L. – P Thesium divaricatumMert. & W.D.J. Koch *Ulmus glabra Huds. – P Thesium parnassiA. DC. *Ulmus minor Mill. subsp. minor – P *Viscum album L. subsp. abietis (Wiesbaur) Ab- Ulmus procera Salisb. – P romeit URTICACEAE SAXIFRAGACEAE *Parietaria officinalisL. – H Saxifraga adscendens L. subsp. parnassica (Boiss. *Urtica dioica L. – H & Heldr.) Hayek – H *Urtica pilulifera L. – T Saxifraga exarata Vill. – H Saxifraga paniculata Mill. – H VALERIANACEAE Saxifraga rotundifolia L. subsp. rotundifolia – H Centranthus longiflorus Steven subsp. junceus Saxifraga scardica Griseb. – C (Boiss. & Heldr.) I. Richardson – H, endemic Saxifraga sempervirum K. Koch – C *Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. subsp. sibthorpii Saxifraga tridactylites L. (Boiss.) Hayek – H Valeriana italica Lam. – H SMILACAEAE Valeriana tuberosa L. – H *Smilax aspera L. – T *Valerianella carinata Loisel. – T *Valerianella microcarpa Loisel. – T SCROPHULARIACEAE Limosella aquatica L. – T VERBENACEAE *Scrophularia canina L. subsp. bicolor (Sm.) Greuter *Verbena officinalisL. – H in Greuter & Rech. f. – H *Vitex agnus-castus L. – P *Scrophularia heterophylla Willd. – H Scrophularia laciniata Waldst. & Kit. – H VERONICACEAE Scrophularia scopolii Hoppe in Pers. – H ferruginea L. subsp. ferruginea – H *Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort. – H *Digitalis laevigata Waldst. & Kit. subsp. graeca Verbascum epixanthinum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – (Ivanina) Werner – H H, endemic *Linaria pelisseriana (L.) Mill. – T *Verbascum graecum Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss. – H Linaria peloponnesiaca Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. *Verbascum macrurum Ten. – H *Linaria simplex Desf. – T Verbascum mallophorum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – *Veronica agrestis L. – T G, H *Veronica anagalis-aquatica L. – H, T *Verbascum pulverulentum Vill. – H Veronica arvensis L. – T *Verbascum sinuatum L. – H Veronica beccabunga L. subsp. beccabunga – H Verbascum speciosum Schrad. subsp. megaphlomos Veronica chamaedrys L. subsp. chamaedryoides (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman – H, endemic (Bory & Chaub.) M.A. Fisch. in Strid & Tan – H, *Verbascum undulatum Lam. in Lam. & al. – H endemic *Veronica cymbalaria Bodard – T SOLANACEAE Veronica glauca Sm. subsp. peloponesiaca (Boiss. Atropa belladonna L. – H & Orph.) Maire & Petitm. – T, endemic *Veronica hederifolia L. – T TAMARICACEAE Veronica oetaea Gustavsson, – T, local endemic *Tamarix tetrandra Pall. ex M. Bieb. – P Veronica orsiniana Ten. subsp. orsiniana – C, H Veronica praecox All. – T THYMELEACEAE Veronica serpyllifolia L. subsp. serpyllifolia – H Daphne oleoides Schreb. subsp. oleoides – C Veronica thymifolia Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – C, en- demic TILIACEAE *Veronica triloba (Opiz) Opiz – T Tilia platyphyllos Scop. – P Veronica verna L. – T

TYPHACEAE VIOLACEAE Typha latifolia L. – G Viola aetolica Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H

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