DOCSLIB.ORG

Proquest Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proquest Dissertations PSILOCYBIN AND SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE A Clinical Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the California School of Professional Psychology Alliant International University San Francisco In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Psychology By Kevin Sean Bunch August 2009 UMI Number: 3377437 Copyright 2009 by Bunch, Kevin Sean INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform 3377437 Copyright 2009 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 PSILOCYBIN AND SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE This clinical dissertation by Kevin Sean Bunch, has been approved by the committee members signed below who recommend that it be accepted by the faculty of the California School of Professional Psychology- San Francisco Campus in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY Dissertation Committee: Fredrick Heide, Ph.D.' Ed Bourg, Ph.D. W\ VQ\ Date ii © Copyright by Kevin Sean Bunch, 2009 All Rights Reserved iii 1 ABSTRACT PSILOCYBIN AND SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE KEVIN SEAN BUNCH California School of Professional Psychology San Francisco Campus Alliant International University Numerous reports indicate that psychedelic drugs can induce spiritual states of consciousness (De Rios & Janiger, 2003; Harner, 1973, La Barre, 1972). Early hallucinogenic research did not account for the influences of set and setting, and research was nearly dormant after the hallucinogen abuse that took place in the 1960's. Human psychedelic research has recently been renewed, and experimental models have confirmed that psilocybin mushrooms can facilitate mystical experiences that have lasting personal meaning and spiritual significance in religious or spiritually-inclined individuals (Griffiths, Richards, McCann, & Jesse, 2006; Johnson, Richards, & Griffiths, 2008; Pahnke, 1966). Expanding on previous studies, this research explored set and setting variables associated with these experiences. Five hundred and four participants responded to an anonymous questionnaire examining the effects of psilocybin in non- laboratory settings. The majority of users indicated that their psilocybin experience(s) were among the five most spiritually significant events of their lives. Participants claimed that psilocybin produced changes in their spirituality and increased their well- being. Over half of the participants met the criteria for having a "complete" mystical experience on the Pahnke-Richards Mystical Experience Questionnaire, and those 2 individuals rated their psilocybin experiences as more significant, unique, and personally meaningful when compared to the non-mystical group. Multiple variables were significantly correlated with having a mystical experience including mindset, age, frequency of use, dosage, and several expectancy, motivational, emotional, and environmental factors. Individuals who sought out psilocybin as a tool for growth more frequently reported having mystical experiences, which were associated with self-reports of increased life-satisfaction and personal well-being. DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my loving wife Sarah. Thank you for always being supportive and for putting your work on hold to take care of our daughter. Thank you for motivating me and for understanding the process. I love you. And to our daughter JoJo, your presence revitalized me, and I have loved that the dissertation gave me an excuse to stay home and play with you. Your smile and giggles have helped me get through this process. IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank my parents who have supported me throughout the process of becoming a psychologist. Thank you for your thoughts, prayers, and love. I appreciate that you held any judgments about this work, and that you have always wanted to see me succeed. You have modeled a nurturance that I hope I can pass along to my own family. I would like to acknowledge my chairperson, Frederick Heide, Ph.D. for always supporting this research and for expressing his general interest in my study. Thank you for guiding me through the process, and helping me narrow my scope of focus. I greatly appreciate your responsiveness and willingness to work during your personal time, especially when I cut deadlines very short. I wish to thank my committee member, Ed Bourg, Ph.D. for always being available to me throughout this process. Thank you for your timely responses to my inquiries and your guidance in developing my study. Thank you to Ray Paloutzian, Ph.D. for encouraging me to pursue graduate studies in psychology. You have been a mentor and wonderful friend to me over the years, and without your support I could not be where I am today. Thank you for believing in me and taking me under you wing right from the beginning. Your enthusiasm about the psychology of religion fueled my interest! A special thanks to Roland Griffiths, Ph.D. who has pioneered research on psilocybin and allowed me to utilize his questionnaires in my study. I could not believe how available you were for me, and your work gave me great motivation. Finally, thank you to Randolph Hencken, M.A., Communications and Marketing Director of MAPS, for helping distribute my questionnaire. Without your support, I would not have been able to attain these results. VI TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Dedication iv Acknowledgements v List of Tables viii I. INTRODUCTION 1 Literature Review 3 Entheogenic, Psychedelic, and Hallucinogenic Terminology 10 Psychedelic Drugs and Culture 19 Shamanism 25 Psilocybin Mushroom History 34 Religious/Mystical Experiences 56 II. METHODS 75 III. RESULTS 81 IV. DISCUSSION 93 References 108 APPENDIX A: MAPS Announcement 115 APPENDIX B: Recruitment Flyers 117 APPENDIX C: Internet Announcement 119 APPENDIX D: Anonymous Psilocybin Questionnaire 121 vii LIST OF TABLES Page 1. Intercorrelations Between Scale Variables 85 2. Chi-square: Participant Use Factors 88 3. Chi-square: Setting Use Factors 90 viii 1 CHAPTER I Introduction There are a number of reports that psychedelic drugs have the ability to induce states of consciousness that are religious or spiritual in nature (De Rios & Janiger, 2003; Harner, 1973, 1990; La Barre, 1972). La Barre (1972) even proposed that all knowledge of the supernatural is derived from statements made by visionaries or ecstatics, and highlighted the utilization of ancient hallucinogens and psychotropic substances in religious innovation. Researchers (i.e., James, 1985; Metzner, 1998; Pahnke, 1966; Pahnke & Richards, 1969) have studied altered states of consciousness and proposed that many of the qualities of a drug-induced spiritual/mystical experience are indiscernible from genuine spiritual/mystical experiences. Anthropologists studying non-literate societies identified the use of hallucinogenic substances as a vital method for contacting and communicating with the supernatural, and Harner (1973) argued that this phenomenon is "an ancient and widespread human practice" (p. xi). The use of psychedelic drugs to facilitate spiritual or religious enlightenment has been a human ritual throughout recorded history and has been well documented as a significant aspect of shamanistic tradition (Harner, 1973,1990). Harner (1973), discussing the necessity of experiential means to provide evidence of religious reality in non-literate societies, wrote, "In using a powerful hallucinogen, an individual is brought face to face with visions and experiences of an overwhelming nature, tending strongly to reinforce his beliefs in the reality of the supernatural world" (p. xi). Shamans in these societies often utilize psychedelic drugs to enter an altered state of consciousness in 2 which the shaman confronts the supernatural to accomplish tasks and gain spiritual enlightenment. Although participant-based psychedelic drug research in the United States was banned in the mid 1960's and stayed dormant for decades, human administration research was renewed in the early 1990's, and there are still a number of researchers and organizations interested in understanding and exploring the potential benefits of psychedelics (De Rios & Janiger, 2003; Griffiths, Richards, Johnson, McCann, & Jesse, 2008). Unlike many tribal hunting-and-gathering societies where every adult male had at least one psychedelic experience in his lifetime (De Rios & Janiger, 2003), psychedelic experiences are not an organized and guided ritualistic aspect in our society today. Many individuals still have psychedelic experiences; however, these experiences do not tend to have the same amount of supervision and often lack a guide. Stuart (2004) reports that the majority of modern adolescents exploring psychoactive substances do so individually without any supervision. The role of a guide is imperative in ancient psychedelic rituals and is found in current institutions that utilize psychedelics within a religious context. This movement away from supervision and guidance in individuals participating in psychedelic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The WITCH DOCTOR
    The WITCH DOCTOR Alignment: Any Abilities: Wisdom and Charisma are the primaries for a Witch Doctor Hit Dice: d6 Races: Aboriginal Humans are the only known race to become Witch Doctors Class Skills Concentration (Con) Intimidate (Cha) Knowledge Religion (Int) Perform (Cha) Craft (Int) Knowledge Arcana (Int) Handle Animal (Cha) Spellcraft (Int) Diplomacy (Cha) Knowledge Nature (Int) Listen (Wis) Spot (Wis) Heal (Wis) Knowledge Planar (Int) Use Magical Device (Cha) Survival (Wis) Skill Points at 1st Level: (4 + Int Modifier) x 4 Skill Points at Each Additional Level: 4 + Int Modifer Class Features Weapon and Armor Proficiency Witch Doctors are proficient with all simple weapons (including the blowgun in the Dungeon Master's Guide). They are also proficient with Medicine Mojos. Witch Doctors are not proficient with any type of armor or shield. Armor of any type interferes with a Witch Doctor’s gestures, which can cause his Rituals and Spells to fail. Spells A Witch Doctor may only choose spells from the Witch Doctor spell list, absolutely no exception can be made in this regard. His spells per day of each level are equal to half of his spells known, rounded down. A Witch Doctor must meditate for one hour everyday and speak with the spirits to retain the knowledge of his spells. Spell do not need to be memorized, every time a spell is cast the Witch Doctor may choose among his list of known spells. Table 1-1: Witch Doctor Spells Known Spells Known Level 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 1st 2 - - - - - 2nd 3 - - - - - 3rd 4 - - - - - 4th 5 2 - - - - 5th 6 3 - - - - 6th 6 4 - - - - 7th 6 5 2 - - - 8th 6 6 3 - - - 9th 6 6 4 - - - 10th 6 6 5 2 - - 11th 6 6 6 3 - - 12th 6 6 6 4 - - 13th 6 6 6 5 2 - 14th 6 6 6 6 3 - 15th 6 6 6 6 4 - 16th 6 6 6 6 5 2 17th 6 6 6 6 6 3 18th 6 6 6 6 6 4 19th 6 6 6 6 6 5 20th 6 6 6 6 6 6 Spirits and Superstitions All of the Witch Doctor's spells are granted by the spirits, some good some bad.
    [Show full text]
  • Magic: a Theory from the South
    MAGIC Hau BOOKS Executive Editor Giovanni da Col Managing Editor Sean M. Dowdy Editorial Board Anne-Christine Taylor Carlos Fausto Danilyn Rutherford Ilana Gershon Jason Throop Joel Robbins Jonathan Parry Michael Lempert Stephan Palmié www.haubooks.com Magic A THEORY FROM THE SOUTH Ernesto de Martino Translated and Annotated by Dorothy Louise Zinn Hau Books Chicago © 2001 Giangiacomo Feltrinelli Editore Milano (First Edition, 1959). English translation © 2015 Hau Books and Dorothy Louise Zinn. All rights reserved. Cover and layout design: Sheehan Moore Typesetting: Prepress Plus (www.prepressplus.in) ISBN: 978-0-9905050-9-9 LCCN: 2014953636 Hau Books Chicago Distribution Center 11030 S. Langley Chicago, IL 60628 www.haubooks.com Hau Books is marketed and distributed by The University of Chicago Press. www.press.uchicago.edu Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper. Contents Translator’s Note vii Preface xi PART ONE: LUcanian Magic 1. Binding 3 2. Binding and eros 9 3. The magical representation of illness 15 4. Childhood and binding 29 5. Binding and mother’s milk 43 6. Storms 51 7. Magical life in Albano 55 PART TWO: Magic, CATHOliciSM, AND HIGH CUltUre 8. The crisis of presence and magical protection 85 9. The horizon of the crisis 97 vi MAGIC: A THEORY FROM THE SOUTH 10. De-historifying the negative 103 11. Lucanian magic and magic in general 109 12. Lucanian magic and Southern Italian Catholicism 119 13. Magic and the Neapolitan Enlightenment: The phenomenon of jettatura 133 14. Romantic sensibility, Protestant polemic, and jettatura 161 15. The Kingdom of Naples and jettatura 175 Epilogue 185 Appendix: On Apulian tarantism 189 References 195 Index 201 Translator’s Note Magic: A theory from the South is the second work in Ernesto de Martino’s great “Southern trilogy” of ethnographic monographs, and following my previous translation of The land of remorse ([1961] 2005), I am pleased to make it available in an English edition.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Book of Necromancers by Steve Kurtz
    2151 ® ¥DUNGEON MASTER® Rules Supplement Guide The Complete Book of Necromancers By Steve Kurtz ª Table of Contents Introduction Bodily Afflictions How to Use This Book Insanity and Madness Necromancy and the PC Unholy Compulsions What You Will Need Paid In Full Chapter 1: Necromancers Chapter 4: The Dark Art The Standard Necromancer Spell Selection for the Wizard Ability Scores Criminal or Black Necromancy Race Gray or Neutral Necromancy Experience Level Advancement Benign or White Necromancy Spells New Wizard Spells Spell Restrictions 1st-Level Spells Magic Item Restrictions 2nd-Level Spells Proficiencies 3rd-Level Spells New Necromancer Wizard Kits 4th-Level Spells Archetypal Necromancer 5th-Level Spells Anatomist 6th-Level Spells Deathslayer 7th-Level Spells Philosopher 8th-Level Spells Undead Master 9th-Level Spells Other Necromancer Kits Chapter 5: Death Priests Witch Necromantic Priesthoods Ghul Lord The God of the Dead New Nonweapon Proficiencies The Goddess of Murder Anatomy The God of Pestilence Necrology The God of Suffering Netherworld Knowledge The Lord of Undead Spirit Lore Other Priestly Resources Venom Handling Chapter 6: The Priest Sphere Chapter 2: Dark Gifts New Priest Spells Dual-Classed Characters 1st-Level Spells Fighter/Necromancer 2nd-Level Spells Thief / Necromancer 3rd-Level Spells Cleric/Necromancer 4th-Level Spells Psionicist/Necromancer 5th-Level Spells Wild Talents 6th-Level Spells Vile Pacts and Dark Gifts 7th-Level Spells Nonhuman Necromancers Chapter 7: Allies Humanoid Necromancers Apprentices Drow Necromancers
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Animism on the Customs and Culture of the Iban Community
    International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 8, August 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS The Influence of Animism on the Customs and Culture of the Iban Community Jacqlyn Patricia Jelani and Salmah Jan Noor Muhammad To Link this Article: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i8/4631 DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i8/4631 Received: 17 June 2018, Revised: 26 July 2018, Accepted: 29 July 2018 Published Online: 23 August 2018 In-Text Citation: (Jelani & Muhammad, 2018) To Cite this Article: Jelani, J. P., & Muhammad, S. J. N. (2018). The Influence of Animism on the Customs and Culture of the Iban Community. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(8), 763–774. Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s) Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com) This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode Vol. 8, No. 8, August 2018, Pg. 763 - 774 http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/IJARBSS JOURNAL HOMEPAGE Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/publication-ethics 763 International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 8, August 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS The Influence of Animism on the Customs and Culture of the Iban Community Jacqlyn Patricia Jelani and Salmah Jan Noor Muhammad Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract This study is about the Iban race which is one of the largest ethnic groups in Sarawak where they can be found from Sri Aman, all the way up to Miri, Bintulu and Limbang.
    [Show full text]
  • Hallucinogenic Plants – a Golden Guide
    Downloaded from https://www.holybooks.com: https://www.holybooks.com/hallucinogenic-plants-golden-guide/ Complete your collection of Golden Guides and Golden Field Guides! Some titles may be temporarily unavailable at local retailers. To order, send check or money order to: Dept. M, Western Publishing Company, Inc., 1220 Mound Avenue, Racine, Wisconsin 53404. Be sure to include 35¢ per book !o cover postage and handling. GOLDEN GUIDES: $1.95 GOLDEN FIELD GUIDES: softcover, $4.95; hardcover, $7.95 GOLDEN GUIDES NATURE BIRDS • BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS • CACTI • CATS EXOTIC PLANTS FOR HOUSE AND GARDEN • FISHES FLOWERS • FOSSILS • GAMEBIRDS • HALLUCINOGENIC PLANTS HERBS AND SPICES • INSECT PESTS • INSECTS NON-FLOWERING PLANTS • ORCHIDS • POND LIFE REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS • ROCKS AND MINERALS THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS • SEASHELLS OF THE WORLD • SEASHORES SKY OBSERVER'S GUIDE • SPIDERS AND THEIR KIN • STARS TREES • TROPICAL FISH • WEEDS • YOSEMITE • ZOO ANIMALS SCIENCE BOTANY • ECOLOGY • EVOLUTION • FAMILIES OF BIRDS GEOLOGY • HEART • LANDFORMS • LIGHT AND COLOR OCEANOGRAPHY • WEATHER • ZOOLOGY HOBBIES AMERICAN ANTIQUE GLASS • ANTIQUES CASINO GAMES • FISHING INDIAN ARTS • KITES • WINES GOLDEN FIELD GUIDES BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA • MINERALS OF THE WORLD SEASHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA • TREES OF NORTH AMERICA Golden, A Golden Guide®, and Golden Press® Downloadedare trademarks fromof Western https://www.holybooks.com: Publishing Company, Inc. https://www.holybooks.com/hallucinogenic-plants-golden-guide/ HALLUCINOGENIC PLANTS by RICHARD EVANS SCHULTES Illustrated by ELMER W. SMITH ® GOLDEN PRESS • NEW YORK Western Publishing Company, Inc. Racine, Wisconsin Downloaded from https://www.holybooks.com: https://www.holybooks.com/hallucinogenic-plants-golden-guide/ FOREWORD Hallucinogenic plants have been used by man for thou­ sands of years, probably since he began gathering plants for food.
    [Show full text]
  • Making It up As We Go Along? Using Unreliable Sources for Fun and Profit in the Social History of Africa
    Making it up as we go along? Using unreliable sources for fun and profit in the social history of Africa. Diana Jeater, History School, UWE, St Matthias Campus, BRISTOL, BS16 2JP, UK. [email protected]. Writing 'history from below' always presents difficulties in finding and interpreting the voices of people who have been excluded from the writing classes. We hear the voices of 'moral economy' rioters in eighteenth century England through the words of their local magistrate; we hear the voices of popular witchcraft accusation in early modern Europe through the depositions of the inquisitor. Studying the social history of southern Africa during the early stages of white occupation presents particular problems, because African societies did not use writing, and did not use European languages. The written archival records are therefore two removes from the people we wish to study: Africans' lives have been recorded by people outside their culture, and using a language which was not designed to reflect or encompass their culture. This is why I consider these sources to be 'unreliable'. They may appear as empirical evidence about African social formations, but I suspect that often they are not - not if they are read as they stand. Whites knew very little about Africans, partly because they asked the wrong questions and partly because they didn't ask many questions at all. What they did know, they often misunderstood. My starting-point, then, is that you can't trust anything you read in the Archives - which is a bit of problem if you want to be a historian.
    [Show full text]
  • Voodoo-Priestess-In-Atlanta
    1 / 2 Voodoo-priestess-in-atlanta Oct 8, 2008 — A Fairfield County woman says she was hired to use voodoo to kill ... Kesting is a county commissioner near Atlanta and made a request about a ... The high priestess says voodoo is only used for good, so instead Mills .... Aug 4, 2016 — Suddenly the horrific apparition from earlier leapt into his path… it was Louisiana Voodoo Priestess Madame Swampass! She revealed that she .... Feb 6, 2010 — Best 30 Voodoo Doctor in Atlanta, GA with Reviews ... My business is a spiritual service, my position and role is a Voodoo / Hoodoo priestess.. Voodoo Hoodoo Priestess of Louisiana and Haitian Creole descent CREOLE CONJURE ROOTWORK Atlanta rootworker - aiop.gnothisauton.it Atlanta .... Jun 13, 2021 — Welcome to Erzulie's Voodoo New Orleans Shop ~ Celebrating 23+ years in the ... its zenith in the 1830s, during the reign of celebrated priestess Marie Laveau, ... Atlanta, GA; Voodoo Greens; Beyond Organic Urban Farming .... on Atlanta's streets, Callahan Garrity is trading in her ... From her time on the Atlanta police force, Callahan ... Minerva, the voodoo priestess who works her .... 19 results — A Haitian-American priestess of Vodou. ... -Haitian guy thinks he's a Voodoo Priest-I paid $50 for simple reading which was fine-Felix ... is a one stop spiritual supply store located at 2260 Campbellton Rd SW Atlanta, GA 30311. Oct 8, 2020 — 17. Ageno's Sweet Things –– Sharifa is a Spiritualist/Medium, Priestess in the Palo Mayombe tradition, an herbalist, and a Women's Health .... I am a lost love voodoo spell caster/ a lost love spell caster/a lost love psychic.
    [Show full text]
  • The Selling of the Age of Aquarius (
    02Chapter2.qxd 7/22/2004 9:50 AM Page 75 HOW TO LEGALLY QUOTE THIS MATERIAL www.JackFritscher.com/Drummer/Research%20Note.html If “less is more” were true, the world would not need witchcraft. — The Selling of the Age of Aquarius ( The true philosopher’s stone is found within yourself. — H; pop music; wiccabilly rock; Broadway; tele- vision; the evil eye; Camelot; The Music Man; Mick Jagger; Roman SPolanski; Kenneth Anger; Jim Morrison; Frank Sinatra; Haxan: Witch- craft through the Ages; The Devil Is a Woman; Freaks; how to look like a witch; the magic capital of the world; nuns from hell; Hispanic botanica; and Satan with a zip code Mein Camp:F U D P Kitsch and camp and pop culture: synonyms or not? For years kitsch was anything sentimental, precious, and dreadful, particularly in the art world and its collectors’ environs. Kitsch was Betty Boop figurines, Elvis on black velvet, and crystal balls with shakeable swirling snow resting on dragon claws. With Susan Sontag, camp emerged in the mid-s from the homo- sexual subculture into the “overculture’s” straight word-hoard. What had once meant to act queer, gay, effeminate in public came to mean nostalgic, or something that was “so bad it was good,” such as professional Las Vegas temptress and gay icon Ann-Margret singing “Thirteen Men (and Me the Only Gal in Town)” without any irony. www.JackFritscher.com 02Chapter2.qxd 7/22/2004 9:50 AM Page 76 HOW TO LEGALLY QUOTE THIS MATERIAL www.JackFritscher.com/Drummer/Research%20Note.html In the s, popular culture was scorned by most intellectuals as vul- gar.
    [Show full text]
  • The Entheogen Review • Index 1992–1997 1
    The Entheogen Review • Index 1992–1997 INDEX 1. A given reference may not be the last ER word on the subject. (It tions that are nothing more than a letter asking if anyone knows may not, in fact, even be correct.) For example, much of the early how to use a long laundry list of plants (see II.3:15, for example, material on the dangers of MAOI from Peganum harmala was later where the editor doesn’t even bother to print the whole list). My conceded to be largely overblown (which is, of course, better than guess is that no user of this index wants to look up Pachycereus the opposite possibility). In other cases, specific numbers are cor- pecten-aboriginum just to find a letter asking “Does anybody know rected in later issues (such as “30%” turning out to be “3%” in a anything about Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum?” (with no answer). recipe). Conversely, it should be noted that not all “corrections” I also assume that no one wants to see a reference every time water offered by correspondents are themselves correct. is used as a solvent, or every time a passing mention is made to an extraction, or to queries that are simply non-informative. Presum- 2. When the term “mushrooms” is used generically with reference to ably no one would want “I used PineSol and a quart of yogurt in entheogens, it is assumed that psilocybin-containing mushrooms this extraction and it came out gloppy—should I have used chloro- are meant unless there are indications otherwise.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inuit Angakok (Shaman) in Children's Literature
    SPIRITS IN THE SNOWHOUSE: THE INUIT ANGAKOK (SHAMAN) IN CHILDREN'S LITERATURE JON C. STOTT, Professor of English, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E8. ABSTRACT/RESUME A number of children's books have been written using Inuit themes, and par- ticularly themes involving the angakok, or shaman. The author reviews three of these in an examination of the possibilities of non-Inuit writers adequately communicating Inuit concepts. He concludes that Western literary traditions may preclude any proper presentation of another culture. Un bon nombre de livres d'enfants a été écrit sur les Inuits et particulièrement sur des thèmes qui touchent angakok ou shaman. L'auteur en revoit trois de ces derniers dans une examination de possibilité de non-lnuit écrivain adequat à communiquer les concepts Inuit. Il conclut que la littérature traditionnelle de l'ouest, est l'introduction de n'importe queue présentation d'une autre culture. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NATIVE STUDIES V, 2(1985): 193-200. 194 JON C. STOTT The angakok, or shaman, was the central figure of the spiritual life of the traditional Inuit. A central figure in many major ceremonies, he foretold weather patterns and movements of game animals, cured illness, retrieved lost or stolen souls, and travelled to the moon and to the b o t t o m of the sea, conversing there with major spiritual beings. An unusual birth, childhood illness, or psychic disorder often signalled his possession of shamanic powers, and a long, arduous training was generally necessary before he came into full control of these powers. Physical ordeals, animal attacks, periods of solitary meditation, and apprenticeship to an older shaman were among the elements of his quest for his vocation.
    [Show full text]
  • I V Whosoever Doubts My Power: Conjuring Feminism in the Interwar
    Whosoever Doubts My Power: Conjuring Feminism in the Interwar Black Diaspora by Marina Sofia Magloire Department of English Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Aarthi Vadde, Co-Supervisor ___________________________ Priscilla Wald, Co-Supervisor ___________________________ Laurent Dubois ___________________________ N. Gregson Davis ___________________________ Nathaniel Mackey Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English in the Graduate School of Duke University 2017 i v ABSTRACT Whosoever Doubts My Power: Conjuring Feminism in the Interwar Black Diaspora by Marina Sofia Magloire Department of English Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Aarthi Vadde, Co-Supervisor ___________________________ Priscilla Wald, Co-Supervisor ___________________________ Laurent Dubois ___________________________ N. Gregson Davis ___________________________ Nathaniel Mackey An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English in the Graduate School of Duke University 2017 Copyright by Marina Sofia Magloire 2017 Abstract This dissertation uses the revolutionary potential of Caribbean religion to theorize black feminism between the two World Wars. It argues that women artists and performers across the diaspora produced both ethnographic and artistic representations of Haitian Vodou (and its sister religions) in order to formulate a radical and pan-African feminism. Unlike accounts of the savagery and hedonism of a sensationalized “voodoo” perpetuated by white male travelers to Haiti, black women’s narratives of Vodou focused specifically on its status as a theology of resistance. By re-animating apolitical narratives of “voodoo” with their original spiritual provenance in Vodou, women of color laid claim to the political force of the religion behind the largest successful slave revolt in the Western hemisphere.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Loa and Faith You Can Taste: Hoodoo in the American Imagination
    Digital Loa and Faith You Can Taste: Hoodoo in the American Imagination BY Copyright 2014 Crystal M. Boson Submitted to the graduate degree program in American Studies and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _____________________________________________ Chairperson: Dr. Randal Jelks _____________________________________________ Dr. Giselle Anatol _____________________________________________ Prof. Darren Canady _____________________________________________ Dr. Jennifer Hamer _____________________________________________ Dr. Beverly Mack _____________________________________________ Dr. Sherrie Tucker Date Defended: April 7, 2014 The Dissertation Committee for Crystal Boson certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Digital Loa and Faith You Can Taste: Hoodoo in the American Imagination _____________________________________________ Chairperson: Dr. Randal Jelks Date approved: April 7, 2014 ii Abstract Utilizing popular culture mediums and artifacts, this dissertation examines the ways in which the American imaginary plasticizes the faith of Hoodoo and continually strips it of its religious, historic, and cultural impacts. Rather than being acknowledged as a religion, Hoodoo is presented in cultural mediums as something inherently consumable, commercial, and capable of endless, identical reproductions. The artifacts produced around this plastic representation are contemporary reproductions of racist, colonial,
    [Show full text]