Letters a B C Pdf, Epub, Ebook

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Letters a B C Pdf, Epub, Ebook LETTERS A B C PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Roger Priddy | 28 pages | 01 Mar 2004 | St Martin's Press | 9780312492519 | English | New York, United States Letters A B C PDF Book Such handwriting has been preserved especially from papyrus manuscripts in Egypt since the Hellenistic period. Thank you for your message. Algerian Braille obsolete. You climb up in the navigator's seat and view the plane and the world below from the bubble where he "shoots" the sun. Write the Letter Z and the word Zebra in capital and small letters with a large black and white Zebra picture. The full story of the B, which cannot be told yet, will be written across enemy skies. Short: i as in French v i te , [16] Long: i as in English mach i ne [10]. Are you mega-organised, super lax, or a little bit of both? In fact, there's a good chance it's all those dollars spent on doughnuts which caused block arteries in the first place. The Superfortress has a wing span of more than feet and is nearly feet long. Overview History of writing Grapheme. Wikimedia Commons Wikibooks Wikiversity. The flaps are extended 25 degrees at takeoff, rolling back and down to increase the wing area by 19 percent. Greek alphabet at Wikipedia's sister projects. Open back unrounded vowel. ISO supports only the monotonic orthography; Unicode supports both the monotonic and polytonic orthographies. Some letters can occur in variant shapes, mostly inherited from medieval minuscule handwriting. The nose section, a distinctive feature, projects so far ahead of the wings that they appear to be almost at the center of the fuselage. The wing, which is completely new, has an ingenious flap to reduce the speed of landings and distance of takeoffs. Then, on the interphone:. To find love. Early Germanic literature and culture. ABCs: Letter C. Step 3. The control surfaces are "directly" operated by the pilot, which is said to make the plane handle like a pursuit ship than a bomber. Trace ABC V. These signs were originally designed to mark different forms of the phonological pitch accent in Ancient Greek. It can blast enemy fighters out of the sky with a mm cannon and. Thank you for submitting your request! The polytonic system is still conventionally used for writing Ancient Greek, while in some book printing and generally in the usage of conservative writers it can still also be found in use for Modern Greek. There were initially numerous local epichoric variants of the Greek alphabet, which differed in the use and non-use of the additional vowel and consonant symbols and several other features. Arabic Persian Urdu Pakistan. Oz on two levels: 1. Trace ABC D. Letters A B C Writer You move forward to the bombardier's seat, straddle the automatic pilot, and look down through the crystal-clear nose to the peaceful farms of Kansas. Short: i as in French v i te , [16] Long: i as in English mach i ne [10]. What do you do? Everything about this "perfect" bomber has been dictated by lessons learned in combat. Is it uppercase, lowercase, or is it even a letter at all? Great for kindergarten kids! User ID or password is invalid. I'm still in the habit from school. Miletich, L. The origin of these letters is a matter of some debate. In other countries, students of Ancient Greek may use a variety of conventional approximations of the historical sound system in pronouncing Ancient Greek. The one who is up for a laugh and always gives an honest opinion. In comparison, the Flying Fortress has a wing span of feet, a length of 75 feet, and height of 19 feet. The rebel. People who are lazy. ABCs: Letter C. Step 2. Demotic Hieratic Hieroglyphs. Five huge plants taking part in the mass production of the Superfortress include the Boeing factories in Seattle, Renton, Wash. I'm a people pleaser. Accidentally put my hand up to speak. Synedrion Koinon. University of Aarhus. The full story of the B, which cannot be told yet, will be written across enemy skies. Cambridge: University Press. Arabic Persian Urdu Pakistan. The Grammar of Attic Inscriptions. The World's Writing Systems. In reality, I was watching him counsel a caller on erection issues, but in my mind a whole new dialogue was playing in my head. Anonymous August 16, at PM. I was crashed out drooling by 10PM, arms and legs spanning both sides of the bed like a crashed out hang glider with a hangover. In fact, there's a good chance it's all those dollars spent on doughnuts which caused block arteries in the first place. This system of diacritics was first developed by the scholar Aristophanes of Byzantium c. Materials Needed:. Letters A B C Reviews Trace ABC U. Trace ABC K. The original article is recreated here in full. Five huge plants taking part in the mass production of the Superfortress include the Boeing factories in Seattle, Renton, Wash. Accessible publishing Braille literacy RoboBraille. Home Ideas. Please contact us directly at info kidsacademy. The plane taxis down the runway and swings about. A, B, and C might be the first few letters of the alphabet, but D, That's harder than you think. The "putt-putt" is an auxiliary power plant which supplies power to operate the brakes and flaps when taxiing, taking off or landing. Most kids love a good puzzle, and this one scrambles up lower and uppercase letters Not your penis, sir. Trace ABC P. Jurchen Khitan large script Sui Tangut. When kids practice tracing letters, they practice the skills they need to develop proper handwriting Notes 1. During the Mycenaean period , from around the sixteenth century to the twelfth century BC, Linear B was used to write the earliest attested form of the Greek language, known as Mycenaean Greek. Greek letters: from tablets to pixels. Start there and use it as a guide to form the first few letters of the alphabet A, B, and C! Contact us. This set is great if you are doing "letter of the week" or learning one letter at a time. Greek initially took over all of the 22 letters of Phoenician. Trace ABC M. Suitable for educational handwriting purposes, these letters can be download and printed for free below. Demotic Hieratic Hieroglyphs. Greek alphabet The names of the letters in spoken Standard Modern Greek. Anonymous August 16, at PM. Identifying Uppercase Letters Worksheet. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Letters A B C Read Online Uppercase Letters Maze Worksheet. Open-mid front unrounded vowel. Introduction to Attic Greek Second ed. To raise a family. Essential Modern Greek Grammar. Viviana is a blogging mom to a toddler, a preschooler, and a kindergartner, sharing ideas and resources for early education. The job of keeping a veil of secrecy around the Boeing Aircraft Company's Superfortress, the B, might be compared with trying to hide Vesuvius under a circus tent. And if there's a blocked artery in his nether regions, you can bet dollars to doughnuts that there are artery problems in other parts of his body. Learn basic motions needed to write lower case letters with our fun tracing game. Not the kind of stroke most men are aiming for. Trace ABC S. Our Support Team will review your case and get back to you with a resolution or response promptly. The bomber, which weights perhaps twice as much as the ton Flying Fortress, is off the ground in a jiffy and seems to climb with the ease of a fighter plane. Synedrion Koinon. Is it uppercase, lowercase, or is it even a letter at all? She specializes in unique, hands-on printable activities that are educational, fun and inspire creativity in young minds. Trace ABC Y. Short: first a as in English a wait [11] Long: a as English f a ther [11]. This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. To have lots of money. The control surfaces are "directly" operated by the pilot, which is said to make the plane handle like a pursuit ship than a bomber. By Wayne Whittaker. What level is your kid at now? A, B, and C might be the first few letters of the alphabet, but D, I use them as a center by placing the pages in sheet protectors so the students can use an expo marker to practice over and over again. United States. Printable Letter Y Yak worksheet. Nevertheless, in the Unicode encoding standard, the following three phonetic symbols are considered the same characters as the corresponding Greek letters proper: [58]. Step 4. For historical reasons, the Greek designations of some constellations begin with a lower ranked letter. Full name. Ideograms and pictograms. To have a healthy body and mind. In both Ancient and Modern Greek, the letters of the Greek alphabet have fairly stable and consistent symbol-to-sound mappings, making pronunciation of words largely predictable. After this show, I admired Dr. Here are a few tips that usually help people who have printing trouble: 1 When you click on the download link and the file opens up in your browser, save it to your computer first. Symphony in B. An introduction to Greek and Latin palaeography. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems. ABCs: Letter S. In Murdoch, Brian; Read, Malcolm eds. Trace ABC W. The full story of the B, which cannot be told yet, will be written across enemy skies.
Recommended publications
  • Runes Free Download
    RUNES FREE DOWNLOAD Martin Findell | 112 pages | 24 Mar 2014 | BRITISH MUSEUM PRESS | 9780714180298 | English | London, United Kingdom Runic alphabet Main article: Younger Futhark. He Runes rune magic to Freya and learned Seidr from her. The runes were in use among the Germanic peoples from the 1st or 2nd century AD. BCE Proto-Sinaitic 19 c. They Runes found in Scandinavia and Viking Age settlements abroad, probably in use from the 9th century onward. From the "golden age of philology " in the 19th century, runology formed a specialized branch of Runes linguistics. There are no horizontal strokes: when carving a message on a flat staff or stick, it would be along the grain, thus both less legible and more likely to split the Runes. BCE Phoenician 12 c. Little is known about the origins of Runes Runic alphabet, which is traditionally known as futhark after the Runes six letters. That is now proved, what you asked of the runes, of the potent famous ones, which the great gods made, and the mighty sage stained, that it is best for him if he stays silent. It was the main alphabet in Norway, Sweden Runes Denmark throughout the Viking Age, but was largely though not completely replaced by the Latin alphabet by about as a result of the Runes of Runes of Scandinavia to Christianity. It was probably used Runes the 5th century Runes. Incessantly plagued by maleficence, doomed to insidious death is he who breaks this monument. These inscriptions are generally Runes Elder Futharkbut the set of Runes shapes and bindrunes employed is far from standardized.
    [Show full text]
  • Louis Braille
    Louis Braille Louis Braille (/breɪl/ ( listen); French: [lwi bʁaj]; 4 January 1809 – 6 January 1852) was a French educator and inventor of a system of reading and writing for use by the blind or visually impaired. His system remains virtually unchanged to this day, and is known worldwide simply as braille. Louis Braille Bust of Louis Braille by Étienne Leroux at the Bibliothèque nationale de France Born 4 January 1809 Coupvray, France Died 6 January 1852 (aged 43) Paris, France Resting place Panthéon, Paris and Coupvray Occupation Educator • inventor Known for Braille Parent(s) Monique and Simon-René Braille Braille was blinded at the age of three in one eye as a result of an accident with a stitching awl in his father's harness making shop. Consequently, an infection set in and spread to both eyes, resulting in total blindness.[1] At that time there were not many resources in place for the blind but nevertheless, he excelled in his education and received a scholarship to France's Royal Institute for Blind Youth. While still a student there, he began developing a system of tactile code that could allow blind people to read and write quickly and efficiently. Inspired by the military cryptography of Charles Barbier, Braille constructed a new method built specifically for the needs of the blind. He presented his work to his peers for the first time in 1824. In adulthood, Louis Braille served as a professor at the Institute and had an avocation as a musician, but he largely spent the remainder of his life refining and extending his system.
    [Show full text]
  • The Braillemathcodes Repository
    Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on "Digitization and E-Inclusion in Mathematics and Science 2021" DEIMS2021, February 18–19, 2021, Tokyo _________________________________________________________________________________________ The BrailleMathCodes Repository Paraskevi Riga1, Theodora Antonakopoulou1, David Kouvaras1, Serafim Lentas1, and Georgios Kouroupetroglou1 1National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece Speech and Accessibility Laboratory, Department of Informatics and Telecommunications [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Math notation for the sighted is a global language, but this is not the case with braille math, as different codes are in use worldwide. In this work, we present the design and development of a math braille-codes' repository named BrailleMathCodes. It aims to constitute a knowledge base as well as a search engine for both students who need to find a specific symbol code and the editors who produce accessible STEM educational content or, in general, the learner of math braille notation. After compiling a set of mathematical braille codes used worldwide in a database, we assigned the corresponding Unicode representation, when applicable, matched each math braille code with its LaTeX equivalent, and forwarded with Presentation MathML. Every math symbol is accompanied with a characteristic example in MathML and Nemeth. The BrailleMathCodes repository was designed following the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Users or learners of any code, both sighted and blind, can search for a term and read how it is rendered in various codes. The repository was implemented as a dynamic e-commerce website using Joomla! and VirtueMart. 1 Introduction Braille constitutes a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Educational Materials
    InSIDE: Including Students with Impairments in Distance Education Delivery Development of educational DEV2.1 materials Eleni Koustriava1, Konstantinos Papadopoulos1, Konstantinos Authors Charitakis1 Partner University of Macedonia (UOM)1, Johannes Kepler University (JKU) Work Package WP2: Adapted educational material Issue Date 31-05-2020 Report Status Final This project (598763-EPP-1-2018-1-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE- JP) has been co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein Project Partners University of National and Macedonia, Greece Kapodistrian University of Athens, Coordinator Greece Johannes Kepler University of Aboubekr University, Austria Belkaid Tlemcen, Algeria Mouloud Mammeri Blida 2 University, Algeria University of Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria University of Sciences Ibn Tofail university, and Technology of Oran Morocco Mohamed Boudiaf, Algeria Cadi Ayyad University of Sfax, Tunisia University, Morocco Abdelmalek Essaadi University of Tunis El University, Morocco Manar, Tunisia University of University of Sousse, Mohammed V in Tunisia Rabat, Morocco InSIDE project Page WP2: Adapted educational material 2018-3218 /001-001 [2|103] DEV2.1: Development of Educational Materials Project Information Project Number 598763-EPP-1-2018-1-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Grant Agreement 2018-3218 /001-001 Number Action code CBHE-JP Project Acronym InSIDE Project Title
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Developing Methodology for 8-Dot Braille Code Systems
    Design and Developing Methodology for 8-dot Braille Code Systems Hernisa Kacorri1,2 and Georgios Kouroupetroglou1 1 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, Panepistimiopolis, Ilisia, 15784 Athens, Greece {c.katsori,koupe}@di.uoa.gr 2 The City University of New York (CUNY), Doctoral Program in Computer Science, The Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA [email protected] Abstract. Braille code, employing six embossed dots evenly arranged in rec- tangular letter spaces or cells, constitutes the dominant touch reading or typing system for the blind. Limited to 63 possible dot combinations per cell, there are a number of application examples, such as mathematics and sciences, and assis- tive technologies, such as braille displays, in which the 6-dot cell braille is ex- tended to 8-dot. This work proposes a language-independent methodology for the systematic development of an 8-dot braille code. Moreover, a set of design principles is introduced that focuses on: achieving an abbreviated representation of the supported symbols, retaining connectivity with the 6-dot representation, preserving similarity on the transition rules applied in other languages, remov- ing ambiguities, and considering future extensions. The proposed methodology was successfully applied in the development of an 8-dot literary Greek braille code that covers both the modern and the ancient Greek orthography, including diphthongs, digits, and punctuation marks. Keywords: document accessibility, braille, 8-dot braille, assistive technologies. 1 Introduction Braille code, employing six embossed dots evenly arranged in quadrangular letter spac- es or cells [2], constitutes the main system of touch reading for the blind.
    [Show full text]
  • TO IMPLEMENT UNIVERSAL DESIGN for LEARNING a Working Paper from the Global Reading Network for Enhancing Skills Acquisition for Students with Disabilities
    USING INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPLEMENT UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING A working paper from the Global Reading Network for enhancing skills acquisition for students with disabilities Authors David Banes, Access and Inclusion Services Anne Hayes, Inclusive Development Partners Christopher Kurz, Rochester Institute of Technology Raja Kushalnagar, Gallaudet University With support from Ann Turnbull, Jennifer Bowser Gerst, Josh Josa, Amy Pallangyo, and Rebecca Rhodes This paper was made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The paper was prepared for USAID’s Building Evidence and Supporting Innovation to Improve Primary Grade Reading Assistance for the Office of Education (E3/ED), University Research Co., LLC, Contract No. AID-OAA-M-14-00001, MOBIS#: GS-10F-0182T. August 2020 RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Unless otherwise noted, Using Information Communications Technologies to Implement Universal Design for Learning is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Under this license, users are free to share and adapt this material in any medium or format under the following conditions. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Attribution: You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the licensed material, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. A suggested citation appears at the bottom of this page, and please also include this note: This document was developed by “Reading Within Reach,” through the support of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A STUDY of WRITING Oi.Uchicago.Edu Oi.Uchicago.Edu /MAAM^MA
    oi.uchicago.edu A STUDY OF WRITING oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu /MAAM^MA. A STUDY OF "*?• ,fii WRITING REVISED EDITION I. J. GELB Phoenix Books THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS oi.uchicago.edu This book is also available in a clothbound edition from THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS TO THE MOKSTADS THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, CHICAGO & LONDON The University of Toronto Press, Toronto 5, Canada Copyright 1952 in the International Copyright Union. All rights reserved. Published 1952. Second Edition 1963. First Phoenix Impression 1963. Printed in the United States of America oi.uchicago.edu PREFACE HE book contains twelve chapters, but it can be broken up structurally into five parts. First, the place of writing among the various systems of human inter­ communication is discussed. This is followed by four Tchapters devoted to the descriptive and comparative treatment of the various types of writing in the world. The sixth chapter deals with the evolution of writing from the earliest stages of picture writing to a full alphabet. The next four chapters deal with general problems, such as the future of writing and the relationship of writing to speech, art, and religion. Of the two final chapters, one contains the first attempt to establish a full terminology of writing, the other an extensive bibliography. The aim of this study is to lay a foundation for a new science of writing which might be called grammatology. While the general histories of writing treat individual writings mainly from a descriptive-historical point of view, the new science attempts to establish general principles governing the use and evolution of writing on a comparative-typological basis.
    [Show full text]
  • Nemeth Code Uses Some Parts of Textbook Format but Has Some Idiosyncrasies of Its Own
    This book is a compilation of research, in “Understanding and Tracing the Problem faced by the Visually Impaired while doing Mathematics” as a Diploma project by Aarti Vashisht at the Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology, Bangalore. 6 DOTS 64 COMBINATIONS A Braille character is formed out of a combination of six dots. Including the blank space, sixty four combinations are possible using one or more of these six dots. CONTENTS Introduction 2 About Braille 32 Mathematics for the Visually Impaired 120 Learning Mathematics 168 C o n c l u s i o n 172 P e o p l e a n d P l a c e s 190 Acknowledgements INTRODUCTION This project tries to understand the nature of the problems that are faced by the visually impaired within the realm of mathematics. It is a summary of my understanding of the problems in this field that may be taken forward to guide those individuals who are concerned about this subject. My education in design has encouraged interest in this field. As a designer I have learnt to be aware of my community and its needs, to detect areas where design can reach out and assist, if not resolve, a problem. Thus began, my search, where I sought to grasp a fuller understanding of the situation by looking at the various mediums that would help better communication. During the project I realized that more often than not work happened in individual pockets which in turn would lead to regionalization of many ideas and opportunities. Data collection got repetitive, which would delay or sometimes even hinder the process.
    [Show full text]
  • Writing As Language Technology
    HG2052 Language, Technology and the Internet Writing as Language Technology Francis Bond Division of Linguistics and Multilingual Studies http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/fcbond/ [email protected] Lecture 2 HG2052 (2021); CC BY 4.0 Overview ã The origins of writing ã Different writing systems ã Representing writing on computers ã Writing versus talking Writing as Language Technology 1 The Origins of Writing ã Writing was invented independently in at least three places: ­ Mesopotamia ­ China ­ Mesoamerica Possibly also Egypt (Earliest Egyptian Glyphs) and the Indus valley. ã The written records are incomplete ã Gradual development from pictures/tallies Writing as Language Technology 2 Follow the money ã Before 2700, writing is only accounting. ­ Temple and palace accounts ­ Gold, Wheat, Sheep ã How it developed ­ One token per thing (in a clay envelope) ­ One token per thing in the envelope and marked on the outside ­ One mark per thing ­ One mark and a symbol for the number ­ Finally symbols for names Denise Schmandt-Besserat (1997) How writing came about. University of Texas Press Writing as Language Technology 3 Clay Tokens and Envelope Clay Tablet Writing as Language Technology 4 Writing systems used for human languages ã What is writing? A system of more or less permanent marks used to represent an utterance in such a way that it can be recovered more or less exactly without the intervention of the utterer. Peter T. Daniels, The World’s Writing Systems ã Different types of writing systems are used: ­ Alphabetic ­ Syllabic ­ Logographic Writing
    [Show full text]
  • American Printing House for the Blind in Louisville, Kentucky, and Conducted in 2008-09
    A META-ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL APPLICATIONS OF LOW VISION RESEARCH TECHNICAL REPORT Kay Alicyn Ferrell, Ph.D. Cherylann Dozier, Ph.D. Martin Monson, Ed.D. The authors wish to acknowledge the collaborative contributions of Silvia M. Correa-Torres, Ed.D., Christopher Cobb, Linda Rittner, and Zabedah Saad, Ph.D., all at the University of Northern Colorado; Varunee Faii Sangganjanavanich, Ph.D., Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi; Laurie MacDonald, Ph.D., Poudre Valley Health Systems; and Nathan Lowell, Ph.D., and Lorae Blum, NCSSD. Special thanks is extended to Gregory L. Goodrich, Ph.D., Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, for his generosity in sharing his Endnote database, which jump-started this analysis. September 30, 2011 This report was commissioned by the American Printing House for the Blind in Louisville, Kentucky, and conducted in 2008-09. National Center on Severe and Sensory Disabilities 1 CONTENTS A Meta-Analysis of Educational Applications of ....................................................................... 1 Low Vision Research ..................................................................................................................... 1 Technical Report ........................................................................................................................... 1 A Meta-Analysis of Educational Applications of ....................................................................... 1 Low Vision Research ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Teachers' Perceptions Toward De-Brailling Of
    TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARD DE-BRAILLING OF WORK BY STUDENTS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED LEARNERS IN KENYA OBADO HESBON OTIENO E55/28084/2013 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF EDUCATION (SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION) TO THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION, KENYATTA UNIVERSITY DECEMBER, 2019 DECLARATION Student’s Declaration I confirm that this thesis is my original work and has not been presented in any other university/institution for consideration for any certification. This thesis has been complemented by referenced sources duly acknowledged. Where text, data (including spoken words), graphics, pictures or tables have been borrowed from other sources, including the internet, these are specifically accredited and references cited using current APA system and in accordance with anti-plagiarism regulations. Signature………………………….……… Date………..………………..…………... Obado Hesbon Otieno Registration Number: E55/28084/2013 Department of Special Needs Education. Supervisors’ Declaration This thesis has been submitted for appraisal with our approval as University Supervisors. Signature………………………….……… Date………..………………..…………... Dr. Chomba Wa Munyi Department of Special Needs Education Kenyatta University Signature………………………….……… Date………..………………..…………... Dr. Jessina Muthee Department of Special Needs Education Kenyatta University ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my loving wife, Lencer; my adorable children, Maimuounah, David-Herbert, Laurah, Shantelle and Sharleen; and my assiduous and caring parents, Mr. Samwel Obado Omito and Mrs. Conslata Atieno Obado. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was a protracted journey whose success depended on the precious in-put of numerous institutions and people, to whom I am honestly grateful. My appreciation goes to Kenyatta University for granting me an opportunity to study and improve my life and those of others.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Multitask Learning Through Soft Layer Ordering
    Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2018 BEYOND SHARED HIERARCHIES:DEEP MULTITASK LEARNING THROUGH SOFT LAYER ORDERING Elliot Meyerson & Risto Miikkulainen The University of Texas at Austin and Sentient Technologies, Inc. {ekm, risto}@cs.utexas.edu ABSTRACT Existing deep multitask learning (MTL) approaches align layers shared between tasks in a parallel ordering. Such an organization significantly constricts the types of shared structure that can be learned. The necessity of parallel ordering for deep MTL is first tested by comparing it with permuted ordering of shared layers. The results indicate that a flexible ordering can enable more effective sharing, thus motivating the development of a soft ordering approach, which learns how shared layers are applied in different ways for different tasks. Deep MTL with soft ordering outperforms parallel ordering methods across a series of domains. These results suggest that the power of deep MTL comes from learning highly general building blocks that can be assembled to meet the demands of each task. 1 INTRODUCTION In multitask learning (MTL) (Caruana, 1998), auxiliary data sets are harnessed to improve overall performance by exploiting regularities present across tasks. As deep learning has yielded state-of- the-art systems across a range of domains, there has been increased focus on developing deep MTL techniques. Such techniques have been applied across settings such as vision (Bilen and Vedaldi, 2016; 2017; Jou and Chang, 2016; Lu et al., 2017; Misra et al., 2016; Ranjan et al., 2016; Yang and Hospedales, 2017; Zhang et al., 2014), natural language (Collobert and Weston, 2008; Dong et al., 2015; Hashimoto et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2015a; Luong et al., 2016), speech (Huang et al., 2013; 2015; Seltzer and Droppo, 2013; Wu et al., 2015), and reinforcement learning (Devin et al., 2016; Fernando et al., 2017; Jaderberg et al., 2017; Rusu et al., 2016).
    [Show full text]