Zero Project Almanac 2013–2016

Supporting the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities UN CRPD Ratifcation World Map

Countries by year of ratifcation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilties, 2007 to 2016 (total: 172 by end of 2016)

Year of Ratifcation

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Countries that have NOT ratifed UN CRPD (another 12 countries, among them the United States and Ireland, have signed the UN CRPD but not ratifed it)

“For all persons with disabilities and for all contributors to the Zero Project, worldwide” Zero Project Director and Zero Project Almanac coordinator: Michael Fembek Design: Christoph Almasy Articles about Innovative Practices and Policies: Zach Dorfman Article about the Essl Foundation: Saskia Wallner Graphic Facilitation: Petra Plicka Portrait Illustrations: Alexander Fuehrer Easy Language Text: Atempo GmbH Editing: John Tessitore Photos of Zero Project Conferences: Frank Garzarolli, Pepo Schuster; Austrian Conferences: Fotos provided by regional Conference partner Photos of all organizations mentioned have been provided by these organizations

ISBN 978-3-9504208-2-1

Disclaimers The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily refect the views of the Essl Foundation or the Zero Project. The designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Essl Foundation concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries.

For more information on the Zero Project, visit www.zeroproject.org

For information or copies, contact: [email protected] Essl Foundation, c/o Haus der Philanthropie, Schottenring 16, Austria Zero Project Almanac 2013–2016

Supporting the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities List of Acronyms

$ ...... US Dollars ITU . . . . .International Telecommunication Union € ...... Euro Ltd...... Limited (registered company) £ ...... British Pound MENA . . . Middle East and Northern Africa ADA . . . . Americans with Disabilities Act MTE . . . . Medical Tactile Examiner ALS . . . . Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis MP . . . . . Member of Parliament ASEAN . . .Association of Southeast Asian Nations N/A . . . . . Not available or not answered CBR . . . . Community-based rehabilitation NGO . . . . Non-governmental organization CIS . . . . .Countries of the former Soviet Union OECD . . . Organisation for Economic Co-operation CRPD . . . . see UN CRPD and Development DPI . . . . . Disabled Peoples’ International OHCHR . . . Ofce of the High Commissioner for Human Rights DPO . . . . Disabled People Organization p...... Page EAA . . . . European Accessibility Act PO . . . . .Personal Ombudsman EASPD . . .European Association of Service Providers PAB . . . . Personal Assistant Budget ECOSOC . .United Nations Economic and Social Council PWD . . . . Person with Disability EFC . . . . European Foundation Centre ® ...... Registered Trademark ENAT . . . European Network of Accessible Tourism SDG . . . . Sustainable Development Goals ENIL . . . . European Network for Independent Living TVET . . . .Technical vocational and educational training EU . . . . . European Union UK . . . . . United Kingdom e.V...... eingetragener Verein (registered Association) UN . . . . . United Nations f., f...... following page, following pages UN CRPD . . United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons G3ICT . . . Global Initiative for Inclusive ICTs with Disabilities GAATES . . Global Alliance on Accessible Technologies UN DESA . .United Nations Department of Economic and and Environments Social Afairs HDI . . . . . Human Development Index UNDP . . . . United Nations Development Programme ICT . . . . .Information and communication technologies UNESCO . .United Nations Educational, Scientifc and IT ...... Information & Technology Cultural Organization IDA . . . . .International Disability Alliance UNICEF . . . United Nations Children’s Fund IE ...... Inclusive Education US, USA . . United States of America IFES . . . . International Foundation for Election Systems VET . . . . Vocational and educational training INEE . . . . Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies WHO . . . . World Health Organization ILO . . . . . International Labour Organization

Zero Project Almanac 2 ABOUT THE ZERO PROJECT

Martin Essl, the Essl Foundation, and the Zero Project...... 8 About the Almanac & Timeline of the Zero Project...... 14 The Zero Project Conferences 2013 – 2016 in pictures ...... 16

2013: EMPLOYMENT . 24

Discussion on the UN CRPD and inclusive employment...... 26 Case-Study: The Specialisterne model ...... 34 A Catalogue of Innovative Practices and Policies ...... 42 Case-Study: The Discovering Hands model ...... 46 Worldmap: Social Indicators on employment ...... 54

2014: ACCESSIBILITY . 56

Case-Study: The One Quarter for All/Hamburg model ...... 58 A Catalogue of Innovative Practices and Policies ...... 68 Case-Study: The Australian Development Aid Programme ...... 76 Worldmap: Social Indicators on Accessibility ...... 82

2015: INDEPENDENT LIVING . 84

Interview with Adolf Ratzka ...... 86 A Catalogue of Innovative Practices and Policies ...... 90 Case-Study: Personal budget and Personal Ombudsman ...... 96 Worldmap: Social Indicators on Independent Living ...... 106 The Zero Project Austria Conferences in pictures ...... 108

2016: EDUCATION ...... 112

Case-Study: The One Class for All model...... 114 A Catalogue of Innovative Practices and Policies ...... 124 Case-Study: The Lumos model of Deinstitutionalisation ...... 132 Worldmap: Social Indicators on Education...... 140

ANNEX. 142

The UN CRPD in full ...... 143 Zero Project Network 2013 – 2017 ...... 152 Zero Project Social Indicators: All questions 2013 – 2017...... 170 Zero Project Social Indicators: All results 2013 – 2017 ...... 174 All Innovative Practices 2013 – 2016...... 182 All Innovative Policies 2013 – 2016 ...... 190

EASY TO READ AND UNDERSTAND . 192 What is most important in this book (a summary of the Zero Project Almanac in Easy Language)

Content 3 “The existing good practices and innovative solutions that are collected in this Zero Project Almanac will be enormously helpful in supporting UN Member States and other stakeholders in achieving the SDGs and in fulfilling the promise of the CRPD.”

Zero Project Almanac 4 Foreword by Daniela Bas

I commend the Essl Foundation and its Zero Project for this Almanac, which addresses such critical issues for persons with disabilities as employment, accessibility, independent living, and education, among others. The Zero Project has gained international recognition for its catalytic and innovative role in providing unique opportunities for bringing together innovators, policy makers, and practitioners – key infuencers from a variety of felds and occupations – to share cutting-edge information on disability and to forge global, knowledge-based networks to realize a common goal: a society for all that fully includes and empowers persons with disabilities everywhere.

The work of the UN Division for Social Policy and Development, Department of Economic and Social Afairs, in the feld of disability is guided by a set of major international instruments, especially the Convention for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The UN CRPD has played a key role over the last ten years in driving the advancement of governmental policies and practices to facilitate disability-inclusive development in countries around the world.

In 2015, the international community adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs explicitly address disability and the concerns of persons with disabilities by promoting accessibility and addressing barriers to inclusion. Specifcally, they include a number of targets and indicators related to the health, education, employment, and participation of persons with disabilities in society and in the context of national development. These issues are essential for promoting social policies that are inclusive of persons with disabilities and that are a sound investment in society; and they are necessary to ensure that the exclusion of persons with disabilities from decision-making processes comes with economic costs that countries can no longer ignore.

The existing good practices and innovative solutions that are collected in this Zero Project Almanac will be enormously helpful in supporting UN Member States and other stakeholders in achieving the SDGs and in fulflling the promise of the CRPD: equality and full participation of persons with disabilities in all aspects of society and development.

Daniela Bas Director of the Division for Social Policy and Development at the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Afairs

Foreword 5 “I have seen the commitment to principle, and unwillingness to settle for anything less than true equality, when I meet with disability advocates around the world.”

Zero Project Almanac 6 Foreword by Judith E. Heumann

It is no overstatement to say that the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disa- bilities represents one of the great turning points for the international disability rights community. Over the decade since its adoption it has sent an unambiguous signal that disability is nothing less than a human rights issue, and one that must be addressed by the international community if our societies are to be truly accessible, inclusive, and places of equality for all people – including disabled people.

Yet the Convention did not happen by accident, nor was its adoption inevitable. Its successful negotiation was the product of tenacity, commitment, and expertise on the part of many diferent players. Although it was UN Member States that adopted the Convention, I believe that all who were involved will agree that the ultimate success of the negotiations hinged on the essential role played by civil society – and by disability advocates specif- ically. Without their unique perspective, knowledge, and refusal to accept anything less than a quality document, the Convention as we know it today would not exist. This comes as no surprise to me. I have known that same spirit and drive in the United States. It was that passion for equality that fuelled the “504 sit-ins” forty years ago, which secured adoption of regulations under Section 504 of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act – the frst major federal law to prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability. It was that same tenacity and expertise that brought our political parties together to adopt the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990. And I have seen that same commitment to principle, and unwillingness to settle for anything less than true equality, when I meet with disability advocates around the world.

As we continue the fght for efective and meaningful implementation of the Conven- tion, I believe it is civil society, and disabled people in particular, who will continue to be the catalysts of innovation and the driving force behind change. We must continue to empower disability advocates to share information, experiences, and expertise, and to take their rightful place as leaders in the fght to ensure that governments uphold their human rights under the Convention.

Thank you to all the disability rights leaders and allies upon whose advocacy our gains have been made, and to all the leaders of today and of the future, upon whom the world’s 1 billion disabled people are depending. As the cultural anthropologist Margaret Mead rightly noted: “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it’s the only thing that ever has.”

Judith E. Heumann International Disability Rights Consultant, former advisor to the President of the United States

Foreword 7 Martin Essl talking to Martin Habacher, Social Media Consultant of the Zero Project.

Zero Project Almanac 8 “God helps them that helps themselves”

A tentative look at Martin Essl, Founder of the Essl Foundation and Initiator of the Zero Project – and a story of love and faith, loss and gain, entrepreneur ship and responsibility by Saskia Wallner

What drives this man? Working with Martin Essl is an interesting experience. You quickly sense that this man is driven by something that is beyond the usual motives of business people. Martin is stubborn while amiable, economical while gen- erous, demanding while appreciative. And then you suddenly get it: This man is deeply rooted in his Christian faith. It is his frm belief that he is responsible for using his entrepreneurial skills and his personal and fnancial resources to contribute actively and sustainably to a well-functioning and inclusive society. Martin’s life and work is centred on an intimate relationship with God. In his mission to give back to society and, put very generally, make the world a better place, Martin will not be thrown of track by any setback whatsoever. And he can tell a story of very serious blows, indeed …

A deceased child and a major decision Martin recalls: “If you lose a child – as my wife Gerda and I did with one of our fve children passing away out of the blue at not even two years old – you The phrase “God helps those who fall prey to such unimaginable despair and pain that you lose the ground help themselves” underneath your feet and question everything: your relationship with God, is a popular motto that emphasizes your marriage, your work … everything.” Nonetheless, Martin and Gerda have the importance found and kept their fundamental belief in God, have even strengthened their of self-initiative and agency. The relationship, and have been blessed with two more children after their terri- phrase originated ble loss in 1996. “Our gratitude and closeness to God became infnite,” Martin in ancient Greece and may originally explains. “Being blessed so much by our creator, Gerda and I have taken the have been prover- decision to devote half of our assets to social causes. It simply was the right bial. It is illustrated by two of Aesop’s thing to do.” In practical terms, Martin and Gerda eventually established the Fables and a similar sentiment is found Essl Foundation in 2007 and determinedly launched two social initiatives: in ancient Greek the annual Essl Social Prize, with Ashoka’s founder Bill Drayton as one of the drama. Although it has been com- laureates; and the Essl Social Index, which was to become the Zero Project monly attributed to of today. Not to mention that along the way, and as their frst social project, Benjamin Franklin, the modern English they – together with business partners and their Rotary friends – organized wording appears and achieved the demining of the Croatian community of Karlovac following earlier in Algernon Sidney’s work. fve years of relentless engagement and fundraising.

Martin Essl 9 “We work for a world where everybody is valued equally and can deploy his or her special talents, and where all individuals enrich our society with their diversity, supporting and advocating for each other.”

A remarkable business … While the family tragedy had basically remained a very private matter, the other gruelling test for the Essl family became the sale of their family business, bauMax, after its restructuring. For decades, bauMax had been a model company and the pride of Austria’s economy. After all, the pioneer of the DIY idea had grown from a small merchant of coal and building materials in Klosterneuburg, near Vienna, to become the uncontested market leader of the DIY industry in Austria and in many countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Not only had the business success of bauMax been admirable, but also the management principles of the company’s founder, Karlheinz, and his son, Martin, were paradigmatic: A corporate culture shaped by Christian values, the promotion of contemporary art with unprecedented skill, and social responsibility taken seriously, such as through a ‘Humanprogramm’ integrating more than 250 colleagues with disabilities into a workforce of 10,000 employees in nine countries.

… but what if it all dissolves away? And then: Enter 2008 and the international fnancial crisis. Within months, the stores in Central and Eastern Europe, where bauMax had made most of its revenue, had lost their business foundation; and after years of restructuring and exhaustive proceedings with dozens of banks across the region, bauMax was sold in 2015. “To cut a long story short, after years of fghting, hesitating, and negotiating, we had to accept the sale of the family-owned company,” explains Martin. “But with the help of God and thanks to the impressive commitment of our wonderful team, in the end we succeeded in saving 90 per cent of the jobs, and 100 per cent of those for persons with disabilities. This had been our main objective and responsibility in the fnal process.”

Zero Project Almanac 10 “Zero Project Wesen” (2017), a work by Austrian artist Emmerich Weissenberger, expresses the main themes and core ideas of the Zero Project.

A month of silence and a new purpose “The divestment of the life’s work of our family was another existential experience for me. Why did God, again, put our faith to such a test? What was it that He had planned for me, now that all my previous endeavours were apparently over and out?” Martin discovered the answer during a pilgrim- age walking across northern Spain to Santiago de Compostela in 2014. He began the journey with many questions and doubts and – in addition – with a painful broken rib as a loyal companion from day one. However, in an intense spiritual dialogue, the new path became clear: “God had empowered me to let go and fnd a new purpose with his blessing. It was my calling to make a difcult decision: the Essl Social Prize or the Zero Project. I could not do both anymore, and I decided that the Zero Project was where I would invest a major share of my time, skills, and assets. I would work to support and empower persons with disabilities across the world in order to make them full and equal participants in our society together with the tremendously engaged partners of the Zero Project network.”

Martin Essl 11 A world with zero barriers This is the mission of the Zero Project: to assist in creating a world with zero barriers. Worldwide, the Zero Project fnds and shares models that improve the daily lives and legal rights of all persons with disabilities. “It was my friend Michael Fembek who frst proposed the idea to me,” says Martin, recalling the initial phase of the Zero Project. “At his suggestion, we initiated the Essl Social Index back in 2008 as an entirely new approach to advocate for the concerns of socially disadvantaged persons on a broad scale.” The Index, which was soon renamed the Zero Project, surveys the living conditions and the legal situations of persons with disabilities across the world. It monitors the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (UN CRPD) in accordance with certain Social Indicators, and provides a platform where the most innovative and efective solutions to problems of persons with disabilities are shared.

“Thanks to Michael’s approach and his engagement, we are now able to leverage further the concepts and contacts that Gerda and I have supported over the years through the Essl Social Prize,” explains Martin enthusiasti- cally. The Essl Foundation has been and continues to be a ‘pipeline’ for this global network of some 3,000 experts and organizations working on social innovations to reduce barriers for persons with disabilities. Says Martin: “The Zero Project Network with its thousands of highly engaged partners truly changes the world from year to year by realizing and scaling-up social innovations for a better life for persons with disabilities. It’s my assignment to help realize a world with zero barriers together with Michael and our wonderful team, and I am determined to transform this vision into reality with a still growing network and all the skills and fortune God has given us.”

Make way for the Social Entrepreneurs! The Zero Project searches and promotes both Inno - vative Policies and Innovative Practices that eliminate barriers for persons with disabilities. “Essentially, it is nothing less than the Dignity of Man that lies at the heart of all our endeavours,” afrms Martin. “We work for a world where everybody is valued equally and can deploy his or her special talents, and where all individ - uals enrich our society with their diversity, supporting and advocating for each other. I am well aware that this sounds like pure wishful thinking – but I can’t help it, it is my greatest dream.”

Never would this dream stand a chance of coming true if it were not the Social Entrepreneurs who invent A personal dedication by Bill Drayton, Founder of Ashoka. and develop concepts with the potential to change

Zero Project Almanac 12 the lives of thousands of people. Besides, existing non-proft organiza - tions and their entrepreneurs are also a major source of powerful inno - vations. The Zero Project network searches and identifes, displays and promotes these ideas, and thereby unleashes the power of innovation for a world with zero barriers. Martin expounds further on the most recent initiative: “Together with our friends and partners from Ashoka, we are currently designing an ‘Accelerator Programme’ such that starting in 2018 we will systematically promote and fund the scaling-up of the most prom - ising ideas across the world with a group of supporters. This is globaliza - tion at its best,” he smiles.

A global team beyond compare More than any other organization, the Zero Project is the result of the ideal- ism, confdence, and collaboration of thousands of talented and courageous men and women, united by the common cause of a world without barriers. Martin knows this better than anyone: “I am deeply grateful to be able to work for our cause with this astonishing group of people with and without disabilities and to continuously learn from them. This has been a frm anchor for me since the very frst steps of Zero Project. Every day, I experience hu- mility that God has endowed me with such an important assignment and the gift to cooperate with the most admirable individuals – with Michael Fembek and our tireless team in Vienna, New York, and Tokyo – and with more than 3,000 experts and remarkable organizations across the world.”

Gerda and Martin Essl, Founders and Initiators of the Zero Project, a couple close-knit by love, faith, and purpose.

Martin Essl 13 About the Almanac

The Zero Project Almanac is a summary of the work of the Zero Project over the four-year period 2013–2016, our frst full research cycle, during which we addressed the themes of employment, accessibility, independent living, and education. (In 2017 we have already begun the second cycle, again starting with employment). But this is more than a summary. The Zero Project is dedicated to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD), and it does so by promoting innovative ideas that work: Innovative Practices and Innovative Policies. Michael Fembek, Programme Director To create the Zero Project Almanac, the Zero Project team has reached of the Zero Project out to all representatives of Innovative Practices and Policies from its very beginnings, and to 150 of the most valued and enduring partners of the Zero Project’s network of experts – both with and without disabilities. We asked them about the progress and current status of their projects and programmes, but also about the problems that they have experienced since they have been named Zero Project Awardees. We also asked them to contribute their experience on the importance of the UN CRPD; on the importance of innovation and collaboration; and on the value that they see in the Zero Project.

We have structured the Zero Project Almanac along our four core themes, and we have chosen a variety of formats to present the wealth of innovation that we have collected and updated. These include: • A “Catalogue of Innovations” with current news from Zero Project Awardees, including quotations and pictures. • Magazine-style articles about seven outstanding innovations distributed 2012 throughout the text. The frst Zero 2011 Project Confer- The Essl Social ence, covering the The history of the Zero Project Index is renamed whole of the UN “Zero Project – for CRPD, in Palais a world without Niederösterreich barriers.” Exploring in Vienna in Jan- 2010 Innovative Practic- uary. After that, The “Essl Social es and Innovative the research cycle 2009 Index” is pub- Policies are added with Employment, Preparations lished. The Essl to the research. Accessibility, In- 2007 2008 and stakeholder Foundation The frst Zero dependent Living Essl Foundation First Essl Social dialogues for the joins forces with Project Report is and Education is founded. Prize is awarded. Essl Social Index. Ashoka. published. starts.

Zero Project Almanac 14 • Discussions with leading experts on the role of the UN CRPD in promoting employment and independent living. • World maps in each of the four sections summarizing the Social Indicators that compare countries in terms of their status of implementation of the UN CRPD. • An Annex with comprehensive data on all our research.

Let me also take this opportunity to personally thank everyone from the Zero Project team, who have made all of that possible. Ingrid Heindorf from the World Future Council in Genevau was indespensable in building up the research on Innovative Policies and communicating our results. Tom Butcher, our New York representative, helped us building the global outreach from day one, as did Maria Orejas and Silvia Balmas from the EFC in Brussels. Amelie Saupe, Zero Project respresentative in Tokyo, has professionalized the Zero Project Indicators in the last years. It was Caroline Wallner, Maria Orejas and Carmen Arroyo de Sande whose organizational and research skills contributed immensely to the success in our frst fve years, as are now Wilfried Kainz and Doris Neuwirth in our Vienna headquarters.

2016 2017 The ffth Zero Project The sixth Zero Conference 2016 high- Project Con- 2015 lights 98 Innovative ference 2017 The fourth Zero Policies and Innovative highlights 56 In- Project Conference Practices concerning novative Policies in the United Nations Inclusive Education and 11 Innovative Ofce in Vienna in and/or ICTs. Practices con- February, discussing The frst “Zero Project cerning em- innovations in inde- Analysis” covering eight ployment, work, pendent living and outstanding Innovative and Vocational 2014 political participa- Practices on Early Education and The Zero Project tion, introducing the Childhood Intervention Training takes 2013 Conference takes Award Ceremony for is published jointly with place in the UN Second Zero Pro- place, for the frst Innovative Policies EASPD in Moldova. Headquarters in ject Conference in time, at the United and Practices. UN DPI approves the Vienna for the Palais Niederöster- Nations in Vienna, Zero Project receives Essl Foundation for frst time in com- reich in Febuary on discussing Innovative the GAATES Recog- association with the bination with the disability-inclusive Practices and Poli- nition Award. Department. “Business and employment models. cies in accessibility. Nine regional Zero The Zero Project is Employer’s Day”. Zero Project research The Essl Foundation Project Austria taking part in the The frst Zero results are presented, is awarded ECOSOC Conferences are or- HABITAT III-Confer- Project Almanac for the frst time, in status. ganized in all capital ence in Quito/Ecuador. is published. side events at the UN cities of the Austrian The UN Department of The Zero Project Human Rights Council Country States, joint- Economic and Social organizes Aus- in Geneva, and at the ly with regional part- Afairs and the Zero trian country Conference of States ners. A handbook on Project present the conferences on Parties (COSP) in independent living in report “Good Practices employment of New York. Partnership German language is in accessible urban persons with with the EFC. published. development.” disabilities.

TImeline 15 Zero Project Conference 2013 on Employment

Vienna, Palais Niederösterreich, February 2013. The second Zero Project Conference is the frst to focus on one theme of the UN CRPD – Employment.

“Family-Picture 2013”

Anna Lawson, Gerard Quinn

Susan Scott Parker

Zero Project Almanac 16 Caroline Casey, moderator, heart and soul of every Zero Project Conference

Rudolf Hundstorfer Martin Essl

Franz-Joseph Huanigg, MP; Raul Krauthausen, Michael Fembek, Hansjörg Hofer

Conference 2013 17 Zero Project Conference 2014 on Accessibility

Vienna, Headquarters of the United Nations, February 2014

Albert Brandstätter, Martin Habacher Luis Gallegos

Mukhtar Al Shibani, Immaculada Placencia, Yetnerbesh Nigussie

Martin Essl, Caroline Casey, Yannis Vardakastanis, Immaculada Placencia, Maria Orejas, Jakob von Uexküll, Ambassador Christine Stix-Hackl

Zero Project Almanac 18 “Family Picture 2014”

Michael Fembek and Ingrid Heindorf

Conference 2014 19 Zero Project Conference 2015 on Independent Living

Vienna, Headquarters of the United Nations, February 2015

The inclusive dance

Martin Essl, Pieter Lambreghts (†), Jakob von Uexküll

Pat Clarke, Maureen Piggot

Receiving the GAATES Award with GAATES-Representatives Mukhtar Al Shibani (2. row, frst right; Marnie Peters (1. row, 1. left) and Betty Dion (2. row, frst from right.), with Tom Butcher (Zero Project New York (frst from the left, standing), Jakob von Uexküll, Michael Fembek and Ingrid Heindorf (frst to the right standing).

Zero Project Almanac 20 “Family Picture 2015”

Evening event

Erwin Buchinger

Conference 2015 21 Zero Project Conference 2016 on Education and ICT

Vienna, Headquarters of the United Nations, February 2016

Janet Lord, Judy Heu- mann, Michael Fem- bek, Diane Richler, Richard Rieser

Gopal Mitra, Klaus Höckner, Ugo Falace, Vashkar Battacharjee, Birendra Pokharel, Claudia Wer- neck, Alberto Arguelhes

Prince Mired Ra‘ad Zeid Al-Hussein (left)

Gerda Essl, Michael Rimon

Kathryn Townsend

Zero Project Almanac 22 Antonia Eggeling, Tobias Martinczik

Sign Language

Petra Plicka, Graphic Facilitation

Conference 2016 23 Article 27 Work and employment

1. States Parties recognize the right of persons with disabilities to work, on an equal basis with others; this includes the right to the opportunity to gain a living by work freely chosen or accepted in a labour market and work environment that is open, inclusive and accessible to persons with disabilities. States Parties shall safeguard and promote the realization of the right to work, including for those who acquire a disability during the course of employment, by taking appropriate steps, including through legislation….

2. States Parties shall ensure that persons with disabilities are not held in slavery or in servitude, and are protected, on an equal basis with others, from forced or compulsory labour.

Excerpt from Article 27 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilites and Optional Protocol (for the full Convention see Annex) INNOVATIONS IN

Employment

Focus of the Zero Project 2013 “Companies should employ because of skills and talent”

The Zero Project asked four distinguished experts on the UN CRPD who also have a focus on inclusive and accessible employment to join in a discussion centred on the roots of the right to employment, the role of Article 27, the quota system, the role of multinationals and technology, and how to close the gap between legislation and reality.

Fembek: Let me begin by asking you about the importance of Article 27 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD), which addresses the right to work and employment. Is it the most important driver or it is it just one of many drivers? Tromel: I think the relevance of Article 27 needs to be seen in the context of the entire Convention. Each of the articles is important, some are more detailed than others, and Article 27 is one of the longest. But I think that the most important thing about the UN CRPD is that it reminds us about the in- terrelation of all the rights. It is the general accessibility, the whole concept of non-discrimination. Nigussie: I would add that employment is an area that in the past was already relatively better covered by legally binding instruments internationally, especially the International Labour Organization (ILO) recommendations and the ILO Convention. So what Article 27 did along with the other provisions in the UN CRPD is reafrm the right to employment and work as among the rights of persons with disabilities.

“The whole thinking around the social model was still absent in the 1983 Convention”

Tromel: Yetnerbesh has rightly referred to the ILO convention from 1983, Convention 159, which specifcally deals with employment and vocational training of people with disabilities. Here you clearly see the evolving progress in the thinking in this area. The whole thinking around the social model was still absent in the 1983 Convention. There was no reference to reasonable accommodation and also not a strong enough focus on discrimination. It is a good example of the paradigm shift that we often refer to when we speak about UN CRPD, in just 25 years.

Employment 26 Scott-Parker: The shift towards the social model has been a hugely important evolution as has just been said. Unfortunately legislation frmly entrenched in the old medical model still has a powerful negative impact on the employment prospects of hundreds of millions – I mean of course the employment quotas invented and introduced by Germany shortly after World War One to compensate disabled soldiers. While well intentioned at the time, quotas continue to have unintended consequences, which I fear could ultimately undermine the impact of the UN CRPD. An employer in Austria recently asked me: “if someone is 50 per cent disabled, as per quota, does that mean I need two of them to do one job?”

“Copying and Pasting of the UN CRPD is a bad thing”

Fembek: Is Article 27, are conventions and international treaties in general infuencing national policies? Tromel: The main commitment that a country gives when it ratifes the UN CRPD is that it will adjust its legislation to the content of the Convention. And that is happening, but it is always a process. You often see new legislation being adopted after the UN CRPD came into place. Some are even copying and pasting the Convention into their national legislation – which is a bad thing to do as it shows that there is not much understanding and thinking going on. The inclusion of reasonable accommodation, a new concept in many countries, is a good example of the impact of the UN CRPD. Nigussie: Let me give you some examples from Africa. Ethiopia had an employment proclamation for persons with disabilities that was purely culture based, and for nearly 14 years nothing changed. Around 2006, as the UN CRPD was being adopted, national legislation was revised and laws were considered – for example, the provision of reasonable accommodation. The same applies for Kenya and Uganda. But I’m afraid to say that in many countries, when it comes to applying those national laws to companies, there is still more to be done to make sure that these laws are nationally realized for their citizens.

THE EXPERTS IN THE DISCUSSION

Susan Scott Parker Yetnebersh Nigussie Stefan Trömel Founder, Business Disability Senior Inclusion Advisor, Senior Disability Specialist, International, United Kingdom Light for the World, Ethiopia Int. Labour Organization, Switzerland

Interview 27 Scott-Parker: But, and a big but here, I would add that not every move forward originates in legal changes. Employers themselves can take action, and sometimes they do. For example, in the early 1990 some 60 major UK private sector employers came together to campaign alongside disabled people for modern anti-discrimination legislation, giving disabled people employment rights for the frst time and replacing the UK 1944 Employment Quota Act. That new legislation, called DDA 1995, created much greater fnancial and reputation risk for these and other employers than was ever experienced under the 1944 Quota, as those business leaders involved were well aware. Individuals with disabilities have since been awarded compensation for unfair treatment in the hundreds of thousands of pounds under this rights based legislation. This contradicts the deep-rooted assumption that business leaders inevitably and naturally oppose the aspirations of people with disabilities for dignity respect and human rights.

“Even policy makers with the best intentions do not get it right”

Fembek: Is the gap between legislation and reality especially wide in the feld of disability? Tromel: The UN CRPD goes beyond even the most advanced countries in a number of areas, especially when you consider that in many countries there was no disability legislation at all. It is a process of frst getting the legislation right and then to make it work. We can always get nice pieces of

“In Ethiopia, many of the TVET training centres are run by the Department of Social Affairs, which has nothing to do with the education training system. Social Affairs brings people from rural areas to train them in IT, for example, but these people come from areas where they don’t have electricity! These people undergo these trainings knowing that they won’t be employed. ” Yetnerbesh Negussie, Light for the World, Ethiopia

Employment 28 legislations, but if there are no enforcement mechanisms linked to it, it will always stay on paper. Sometimes policy makers with even the best intentions just don’t get it right. It is also important to highlight the role of the UN Committee on the Rights of People with Disabilities – the CRPD Committee. Their role is to compare the legislation in a country with the UN CRPD and make country-specifc recommendations. They have been doing a good job so far based on the information they receive from governments, but also based on the reality check provided by disability organizations and other stakeholders. Over the next 20 years there will still be recommendations coming out of the CRPD Committee on what more a country can do to fll the gap. The CRPD is aspirational! A country will never be able to meet all its provisions; perhaps the legislation, but not the practice. But it is the role of the CRPD Committee and of civil society to permanently push forward the agenda. Nigussie: When it comes to implementation there are two things that are important. The frst is capacity, and the second is willingness. I believe that civil society also has a supporting role to play for those governments that have the willingness but not the capacity to improve. Hence, the UN Special Rapporteur on Disability and disabled persons’ organizations (DPOs) play big roles in terms of building the capacity of governments so that they can meet their own commitments. The Special Rapporteur took ofce in December 2014 with the view to strengthen the eforts of the UN to recognize, promote, implement and monitor the rights of persons with disabilities from a human rights-based approach.. The thematic reports on the right to social protection of persons with disabilities and on participation of persons with disabilities in decision-making processes are remarkable!

“There are still countries introducing quotas right now, like Peru”

Fembek: Let us go back to the quota issue that Susan already mentioned. Do Quotas work? If yes, when do they work? Tromel: The UN CRPD does not refer to quotas, and organizations coming from countries where the quota system is well established will be surprised not to see quotas mentioned. Why is that? In many countries, DPOs themselves think that a quota scheme puts the focus on disability, and not on talent and ability. It is not good to think that companies employ people because she or he has a disability, but rather because of their skills and talent and ultimately what they can bring to the company – a narrative that the ILO has also embraced for a long time. Having said that, there are still countries introducing quotas right now. For example, Peru has just introduced a quota for the private sector, Uruguay is proposing a quota in the private sector as well, and Chile has a similar discussion going on. I think it’s fair to say that in certain countries in the

Interview 29 absence of a quota it’s almost impossible to get any sort of interest in the employment of people with disabilities, neither by the private sector nor by the public sector, nor by any sort of intermediary organization. What we say in the ILO is that if you want to have a quota system, it should be well designed. It is not enough to have a rule that, says, if a company is larger than 100 employees, it needs to have 3 or 4 per cent of disabled employees. We need to ensure that companies are able to fnd people with disabilities with the skills that companies require. Scott-Parker: We must not forget how antiquated this quota ‘worldview’ really is; and that Quotas have had plenty of time to prove their usefulness – or not. We are not piloting a new idea, rather we can look at the experience of 99 years. And we see immediately that quotas continue to reinforce the medical model that triggered their invention, and actively undermine our ability to promote employment rights. Could we make next year the Quota Centenary – the year to call for abolition? Many countries fully expect, indeed count on, their quotas to fail even at the basic level of compliance, as they come to depend on the fnes to fund their disability and employment related services and to cover the costs of even the salaries of senior ofcials responsible for the policy.

“A policy at the corporate level may face challenges in a developing country context”

Fembek: How would you describe the role of the big stakeholders, such as multinationals and the public sector, as employers? Is someone in the driver’s seat? Scott-Parker: Governments continue to fund disability employment services, which – because they fail to position the employers as valued users of their services – continue to enable only a tiny proportion of their disabled clients to work. The last 20 years have shown the need for a radical re-think: If governments continue to fund the same services ofered in the same way by the same people with the same skills, they will continue to get the same results. Nigussie: The idea of being an equal opportunity employer is still a very progressive one in many countries. In Ethiopia we have recently formed the Ethiopian Business and Disability Network, which was supported by the ILO as well as Light for the World – mainly to create some big employers that can be good examples, since it should also be the emplyoeres that tell their peer employers about the untapped potential of persons with disabilities. We have now embassies interested in this as well as private companies such as IBM and many others. Tromel: There is a limit to what can be done, but we at the ILO are trying to enlighten as many employers as possible. Multinationals in our network have a very strong understanding of the situation. For example, they might have

Employment 30 adopted a policy at the corporate level, but they are facing challenges to implementing their disability inclusion strategy throughout their global presence. It is a commitment that they are making now. They have signed on to our charter, which we launched last year. In particular, the charter mentions that companies should promote disability inclusion wherever they have a presence. This is especially important in the developing country context. We were all operating on the assumption that the only option for people with disabilities in developing countries is the informal economy, and not the wage economy. The ILO is challenging that stereotype and assumption, in particular showing companies that are already doing it. And it is also fair to say that when a multinational company goes into a developing country, the societal expectations regarding that company are even higher than those regarding a local company. In reality that is not the case..

“Logic suggests that the public sector is in the lead, but it is not like that”

Fembek: How about the public sector? Tromel: Logic suggests that the public should lead more by example, but reality is not like that. Nigussie: I think Ethiopia is a good example here, as the public sector is the leading employer of persons with disabilities on the state level, but not on the regional and other lower levels. We can see, for example, blind teachers in mainstream education, or blind and physically disabled lawyers in the Ministry of Justice. When it comes to reasonable accommodation, the national laws clearly state that having assistance is mandatory. In practice, blind teachers have to rely on their students and on their family to have their examinations written and corrected.

“From an ILO perspective, we have been trying (in line with the UN CRPD) to move away from specialized, segregated vocational training to inclusive vocational training. Many vocational training systems are not delivering what the labour market is expecting or they are lagging in delivery. The problem gets bigger in countries where segregated trainings are still dominant.” Stefan Tromel, International Labour Organization, Switzerland

Interview 31 “Technology is the best equalizer. If I have to rely on others, that makes people question my ability”

Fembek: If you look at technology or, more generally, accessibility, are there some drivers that you want to point out – ones that are particularly supportive of persons with disabilities? Nigussie: Technology is the best equalizer for persons with disabilities when it comes to employment. For example, a screen reader that my organization buys for me would serve me throughout my whole employment. If I employ somebody as an assistant who reads for me, this would be a diferent situation, as the person may have to leave at some point, and this again makes my success very dependent on another person. If I, as a lawyer, have to rely on others, that makes people question my ability. Tromel: Technology is key, and when afordable it is a great enabler. But at the same time, we need to ensure that the new technology comes with a universal design approach, otherwise it can lead to additional barriers that will prevent people with disabilities from using it. For example, there are still many websites that are not accessible. Scott-Parker: There is a global trend to require job seekers to apply online, but unfortunately all too often this e-recruitment process is so inaccessi- ble that disabled and other disadvantaged job seekers cannot even apply. Policy makers need to ensure that e-discrimination is simply unacceptable, unlawful, and those advising employers need to help them ensure that their on line process is barrier free to everyone wishing to compete for work.

“Unfortunately, legislation frmly entrenched in the old medical model still has a powerful negative impact on the employment prospects of hundreds of millions – I mean of course the employment quotas invented and introduced by Germany shortly after World War One to compensate disabled soldiers. While well intentioned at the time, quotas continue to have unintended consequences, which I fear could ultimately undermine the impact of the UN CRPD.” Susanne Scott Parker, Business Disability International, United Kingdom

Employment 32 Fembek: Edcuation and also vocational education and training. Isn’t there still a huge gap between what people are trained on in schools and in vocational trainings and how they can use it to fnd and retain employment? Tromel: From an ILO perspective, we have been trying (in line with the UN CRPD) to move away from specialized, segregated vocational training to inclusive vocational training. Many vocational training systems are not delivering what the labour market is expecting or they are lagging in delivery. The problem gets bigger in countries where segregated trainings are still dominant. This segregation is grounded on ideas of what persons with disabilities are capable of doing. Our push here is to make the whole education system disability inclusive so that every individual with a disability can decide what career path would be best to focus on. Especially for young disabled people, there is an increasing focus on apprenticeship as part of the solution to address unemployment. A good number of apprenticeship networks have been established in various countries. We need to ensure that these schemes are disability inclusive.

“We have to move away from ‘Only people with physical impairments should do embroidery’.”

Nigussie: All the stereotypes in which people with disabilities are trained are a result of sheltered workshops, which were highly fnanced by the international NGOs in the last decades. We have to move away from such stereotyping as “Only people with physical impairments should do embroidery.” This is a failure of the system! In Ethiopia, many of the TVET training centres are run by the Department of Social Afairs, which has nothing to do with the education training system. Social Afairs brings people from rural areas to train them in IT, for example, but these people come from areas where they don’t have electricity! These people undergo these trainings knowing that they won’t be employed. Now that we have introduced salaried employment, we must make sure that we listen to what companies want from their employees. Also, I would like to remove the impression that only persons with certain disabilities (blind, deaf, etc.) are able to work in inclusive environments, but those with intellectual impairments can only be put in sheltered workshops and specialized TVETs. This is another failure from our side to assume that these people cannot participate in an inclusive environment. Nigussie: Correct, and as just said, people with disabilities are more self- employed than others. The advantage is that you don’t have to convince others that you are able to work. Self-employment is an option, but persons with disabilities need to be prepared for both options and they must be able to choose.

Fembek: Thank you, everybody, for your excellent contributions!

Interview 33 IN-DEPTH RESEARCH

Assessing the skills of its trainees is in the heart of the Specialisterne model

Employment 34 Using the potential of persons with Autism

Thorkil Sonne founded Specialisterne, a company employing persons with Autism that services the IT-sector. Specialisterne creates now jobs not only in Denmark but also in the United States and several other countries.

COUNTRY: DENMARK ORGANIZATION: SPECIALISTERNE FOUNDER: THORKIL SONNE

The future looked bright for Thorkil Sonne. He had a successful career in the IT industry, working his way up, over 15 years, at the same company. But when Thorkil’s son, Lars, was 2 ½ years old, he and his wife noticed that Lars’ behavior was diferent than his older brothers’ was when they were his age. The family got Lars extra help at school, and time with a child psy- chologist, but it didn’t seem to solve his underlying behavioral issues. By the time Lars was three, doctors had diagnosed him with autism.

Autism refers to a group of complex disorders related to brain development. Many individuals with the autism have difculty communicating with others, and often struggle with social interaction. According to the World Health Organization, 1 in 160 people worldwide have some form of autism. For unknown reasons, rates of autism are higher, and increasing, across the Global North. According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control, 1 in 68 American children now have autism. Overall, 1 percent of the world’s population lives with autism today.

At frst, Thorkil and his family were devastated by the news. Thorkil describes their feeling as one of shock—their realization that “one of our family members had a lifelong disability,” that was going to have to man- aged. But Thorkil was also undeterred by this new reality. “As parents,” he recalls, “we wanted to make the best possible future for all of our children, not just the two who were non-disabled. So we had to come up with a new plan for our family’s future.” Eager to help Lars, and in order to learn more about autism, Thorkil joined the Danish Autism Association. But he knew he had to do more. Thorkil could see that Lars’ capacities and behaviors were highly infuenced by his environment. Lars’ behavior at home, surrounded by the comforts of family life, was unexceptional. At school, though, Lars was withdraw and anti-social. He would sit on a swing for hours, all alone.

Case-Study 35 Thorkil realized that it was essential to create a welcoming and comfortable academic and work environment for those diagnosed with autism—indeed, that the ability for such individuals to succeed at school, and later in the workplace, depended on it. But Thorkil was also realistic about the challenges that many individuals with autism faced. Autistic children “risk being bullied, or being dropouts, or being rejected by labor markets,” he says. “The really big dilemma is that many autistic people are very intelligent, and have very strong interests. They fnd a lot of their self-esteem in what they do and could be wonderful employees. But they don’t ft in.”

Train autistic people to do high-level work in the IT-sector This led to Thorkil’s breakthrough idea: what, he thought, if the problem was not autistic people, but the settings in the labor market themselves. He rea- soned that if he could help change the way people worked, he could also, in many cases, remove the hurdles autistic people face in employment. So Thorkil took a chance. He quit his stable job and successful career in IT. He re-mortgaged his home. And in 2004, using this money as seed capital, he founded Specialisterne (Danish for “The Specialists”). The founding premise behind Specialisterne was as simple as it was ingenuous: to use Thorkil’s knowledge of the IT sector to train autistic people to do high-level work in that feld.

In many ways, it was a natural ft. Many (but not all) individuals with autism possess a knack for detail; excellent memory; an ability to concentrate with great intensity on a given task; a capacity to complete highly repetitive tasks over long periods of time; and a facility for analyzing sophisticated patterns in data, information, and imagery. These are all highly desirable skills in IT.

Assessors examine an individual’s motivation, work readiness, and hygiene; as well as his or her professional skills, specialty skills (while some individuals with autism have superior memories, not all do), and shared skills (such as teamwork, business development, and project management capabilities).

Employment 36 Thorkil knew frsthand just how amazing the memories of autistic people could be. Once, when Lars when seven, Thorkil found him immersed in drawing a highly complex diagram of some sort. At frst, he couldn’t quite fgure out what Lars was doing. Then, slowly, he realized it was a map of Eu- rope. But why, Thorkil wondered, were there numbers superimposed all over the map? One day, while looking through an atlas, he found Lars’ inspiration. Lars had copied, from memory, the master key for the atlas. All the numbers on his map corresponded exactly to the page numbers for smaller, more detailed maps in the book.

Specialisterne operates according to what Thorkil calls “The Dandelion Model.” (The company’s logo is, in fact, a dandelion.) Specialsterne choose the dandelion because it serves as an apt metaphor for individuals with autism. For some, the dandelion is a weed, a common nuisance, often under- valued and neglected. But, in fact, the dandelion has many important uses. For example, it’s renowned for its healing and medicinal properties. It’s used to make wine. It’s a nutritious food source. And it’s beloved by children everywhere. Depending on one’s perspective, dandelions are fowers—not weeds at all. From the beginning, Thorkil wanted to run Specialisterne as a for-proft business, not a charity. He believed that individuals with autism could perform at the same level as non-autistic workers—indeed, in some case, better than others. The organization’s frst contract was with Thorkil’s former employer— the very company he left to found Specialisterne. Today, in Demark, Specialis- terne directly employs about 30 men and women with autism.

Building relationships with IT companies Thorkil understood, however, that to make change on a grand scale, Special- isterne would have to adjust its business and educational model. At frst, the organization tried to do it all: assess autistic individuals for workplace compe- tency, train them, employ them, and secure them work as consultants. “The news [about Specialisterne’s programs] spread very fast around the world,” he recalls. “I was contacted by parents in about 100 countries.” That’s when he realized that, by itself, Specialisterne would never be able to meet the global demand for jobs for people with autism. The company would have to move beyond its “big global family of parents with autistic kids,” and work with the larger international business community. Specialisterne soon formulated an ambitious goal: to help create jobs for 1 million autistic people worldwide. The company shifted its focus toward training and educational programs, and built relationships with major international technology companies such as HP, Microsoft, Cisco, and SAP, with the hopes that they themselves would directly hire autistic people.

In 2009, Thorkil founded the Specialisterne Foundation, which bought Spe- cialisterne Denmark for the symbolic amount of 1 Danish Krone. He stepped away from the company’s day-to-day business operations, and began

Case-Study 37 shifting his focus toward worldwide education. “We believe that the jobs will be there,” he says. “We need to better prepare autistic people for a career in companies where they can realize their potential. So we are now taking our model that we’ve used in labor markets and bringing that into the high school system in the United States.” Because of the demand for such training programs in the United States— and at the personal encouragement of the Governor of Delaware —Thorkil moved to that state’s capital, Wilmington, in 2012. With a staf of six based in the United States, Specialisterne has already flled 200 jobs in America. “In the U.S.,” Thorkil says, “we’re brought into the picture when companies say they want to hire autistic people. Then we go out and fnd the right partners and train them. We’re moving up the value chain, you could say—building partnership models.” Specialisterne USA works with the Delaware state government, as well as fnancial institutions like Capital One and JP Morgan Chase. Specialisterne’s goal is to secure employment for 100,000 Ameri- cans with autism by 2025.

Educating companies about their new employees Specialisterne now partners with disability organizations across the world. It has developed a four-week assessment program, which it now teaches to other for-proft companies, that helps determine what kind of employment an autistic individual might be suited for. Assessors examine an individual’s motivation, work readiness, and hygiene; as well as his or her professional skills, specialty skills (while some individuals with autism have superior memories, not all do), and shared skills (such as teamwork, business development, and project management capabilities). But Specialisterne’s training doesn’t only help acculturate individuals with autism to the workplace. It also helps train and educate the companies themselves about the their new employees’ behavior, which can deviate from common social norms. “It’s a two way street,” Thorkil say. “These companies have to learn about autism, so we can create comfort zones” for their new employees.

Today, Specialisterne operates in 15 countries. In 2012, Specialisterne was launched in Austria, with a grant of the Essl Social Prize, and today is coop- erating with more than 20 companies. In 2013, thanks to the organization’s work, SAP pledged to increase its number of autistic employees to 700 people by 2020 – 1 percent of its total global workforce. The company is advancing toward its goal, currently employing 100 autistic people in eight countries across four continents. HP, has also made important strides: it now employs 50 people with autism, and Specialisterne is working with the company on the global rollout of its new hiring programme.

If Specialisterne succeeds in flling 1 million jobs with autistic individuals, it could have a revolutionary efect worldwide. For one, autistic people possess a wealth of untapped talent. Even though 60 percent of people with

Employment 38 With a staf of six based in Delaware/United States, Specialisterne has already flled 200 jobs in America. Thorkil Sonne (r.) himself moved from Denmark to live in the United States.

autism have an average or above-average intelligence level, 85 percent are unemployed. Moreover, mass unemployment has a cascade of social ef- fects. According to researchers, autism costs roughly $200 billion a year in the United States alone. Many of these costs could be mitigated if individuals with autism were able to fnd gainful employment.

Targeting China’s estimated 10 million individuals with autism When asked about what his proudest moments with Specialisterne, Thorkil cites his work at the UN. He was thrilled, he says, to meet with Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon and help plan the UN’s World Autism Awareness Day. “I’m very happy for that,” he recalls, “because that shows our promise to developing countries: that they’re not forgotten.” Thorkil aims to make good on this promise. Specialisterne will soon begin its frst training exercises in China, home to an estimated 10 million individuals with autism. Although Thorkil knows he’s got a lot of work to do to achieve Specialisterne’s goal of fnding jobs for 1 million autistic people, he also knows that the opportunities are manifold.

Take the case of Salt Lake City, in the American state of Utah. “Salt Lake City has 15,000 vacant jobs in the high tech sector,” says Thorkil. “Very many of the jobs could be flled by autistic people.” The Zero Project mentioned that many kinds of government jobs—related to data collection and pattern recognition, say—seem well suited for the skill-sets of individuals with autism. “See?” he says, chuckling: “The U.S. federal government, that could be one million jobs, right there.”

Case-Study 39 THE SPECIALISTERNE MODEL

Employment 40 VISUALLY EXPLAINED

Case-Study 41 Internship model now in Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Netherlands

Project SEARCH is a one-year school-to-work programme originating in the Cincinnati Medical Hospital, which has been taken up by more than 400 sites in North America and Europe. “Employment outcomes, which are the most critical measure of the success of Project SEARCH, have steadily increased. In 2015, 75.5 per cent of programme graduates achieved employ ment, as opposed to 66 per cent in 2013. In addition, in 2013 Project SEARCH was in Canada, England, Scotland, and the United States, and now it is also available in Ireland and the Netherlands.”

Erin Riehle, Project SEARCH of the Cincinnati Medical Hospital, United States Innovative Practice 2013 and 2017

New business plan to “conquer Flanders”

We developed a business plan with the support of Ashoka and Accenture. We were selected in Belgium to take part in the Ashoka Social Impact programme and won an Award. The aim is to work with less money from the government and with more alternative fnancing. With our new business plan we plan on conquering Flanders province by province over the next fve years and to reach 80 students a year. That’s 30 per cent of all students of the target group.

Koen Deweer, Konekt vzw – LetsCo!, Belgium Innovative Practice 2016

Employment 42 VOICES ON THE IMPORTANCE OF THE UN CRPD

To me, the treaty is far more than a legal framework. Yes, it sets out the right to equal access to education, freedom from torture, and the right to live with peers in the community. But even more critical is the convention’s potential to shift the way we think about disability. It con- veys that people with disabilities are not objects of charity, but have Responding to President the same rights and dignities we all do.

Obama’s Workforce Innova- Shanta Rau Bariga, Human Rights Watch tion and Opportunity Act CRPD enabled Japan to create new laws prohibiting the abuse of per- On 22 July 2014 President Obama signed sons with disabilities as well as prohibiting disability discrimination. There the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity have been a number of concrete steps taken in line with the CRPD. Act (WIOA) into law. WIOA requires all US states to use at least 15 per cent of their Seikichi Nagoya and Nagase Osamu, federal Vocational Rehabilitation grant for Japan Disability Forum, Japan the provision of pre-employment transition services to youth with disabilities. The Youth There is no doubt that the UN CRPD has brought disabilities into the Transition Programme model set the foun- discourse of decision-makers around the world and has empowered dation for Oregon Vocational Rehabilitation people with disabilities to have a global voice and to infuence gov- to respond to this new mandate. ernments and civil society. We in Israel see how the ratifcation of the Lauren Lindstrom, convention by Israel ensures the implementation of a rights-based ap- University of Oregon, United States proach; and the convention gives us, as part of civil society, the needed Innovative Practice 2013 and 2017 leverage to ensure appropriate policies in the spirit of the CRPD.

Jean Jaudes, Beit Issie Shapiro, Israel

“Crisis of 2008 was a creator.”

The Swiss professor Fredmund Malik once said that crisis is the creator of the most and biggest innovations. That was true when we had to face an increasing number of unemployed young people, especially those with disabilities, after the economic crisis in 2008. We created the Youth Coaching System to help them fnd a job or suitable education. It “There is always an opportunity was an innovative system that we introduced to grow very quickly. However, to our EU partners, and it was regarded as a best practice by the European Commission. there is also a need to weigh This is a good example that for progress to the costs and risk factors to take place it is important to look across borders and to learn from each other. this quick development.” Federal Minister Alois Stöger, Stanley Bawden, The Living Link, South Africa Ministry of Labour, Social Afairs and Innovative Practice 2015 Consumer Protection, Austria

Catalogue of Innovations 43 “IBM study helped identifying the needs of the IT sector”

The research study undertaken by the Corporate Service Corps (CSC) team helped to identify the specifc needs of the IT sector in terms of employing persons with various disabilities, ranging from the mild to the profoundly disabled. Through the CSC programme, Now 90 per cent of staf are with disabilities IBM has provided $70 million in pro bono consulting to over Founded in 2008, Genahstim is an enterprise that has created a virtual work 1,000 projects in 37 countries. environment and online delivery of learning and services, where 90 percent of Some 3,000 of IBM’s most staf have a disability. talented employees from 60 “At BCorp we have international accreditation as a company that uses business countries have served on CSC to do good. Since June 2016 we have secured a contract with Microsoft South- assignments. East Asia to build a web platform for many countries in the region for the training Yves Veuillet, IBM Belgium, and job placement of at-risk youth. We have exponentially grown our employ- Innovative Practice 2016 ment of persons with disabilities, as well as our business revenues – without any grants, donations, or tax incentives. We have also added a number of countries where we hire persons with disabilities, such as Jamaica, Ghana, India, Viet Nam, and South Africa.”

Thomas Ng, Genashtim, Singapore, Innovative Practice 2013 and 2017

The UN CRPD has huge potential impact on the lives of people with disabilities and the society they live in. Greater awareness about the rights of people with disabilities and the diferent and innovative ways to implement these rights can lead to signifcant changes, and the Zero Project helps to enhance awareness and to spread the word about the many innovative practices.

Vladimir Cuk, International Disability Alliance, United States

97 companies signed for inclusion and accessibility

From 2012 to 2016, the LPHU, an advocacy organization for people with disabilities, has created 200 jobs in various sectors for people with disabilities in Lebanon and Palestine. “We have succeeded in signing cooperation protocols with 97 companies in the two countries for listing inclusion standards within their corporate policies and regulations and for equipping their buildings so that they become fully inclusive. We have also issued specialized materials on training, inclusive employment, and the media. To date, we have provided 952 people with disabilities with skills training and have found employment opportunities for 24 per cent of them.” Youssef Awada found a job with the support of Sylvana Lakkis, Lebanese Handicapped Union LPHU Innovative Practice 2013 and 2017

Employment 44 VOICES ON THE “Our biggest challenges ZERO PROJECT ahead: Traditional social structures, norms Of all the conferences, workshops, and gatherings I have attended, I can honestly say that the Zero Project Conference has had the and expectations.” greatest impact and has provided our organization with the motivation Mahran Taweel, Bethlehem Arab to push further. We are inspired by the all others we have met and Society for Rehabilitation, Palestine learned about. This is THE place to get inspired! So many exciting ideas that create movement and success.

Linda Perry, Microboard, Canada

The Zero Project Conference motivated us to further develop our project so as to keep the good reputation that earned the project a New training standards conference award. in Rwanda Alia Zureikat, Higher Council for Afairs of Persons with Disabilities, Jordan In Ethiopia an inclusive Technical and Voca- tional Education and Training (TVET) policy has been developed, and all TVET institu- Receiving the Zero Project Award was a real push both for our public tions that apply for accreditation need to reputation and for motivating our members and employees. comply with these standards for inclusion. Birgit Rothenberg, EmployAble has facilitated policy makers doBus Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany from Kenya and Rwanda to visit Ethiopia to learn from this experience. More and more employers come to the Em- ployAble partner organizations in Rwanda, Kenya, and Ethiopia because they would like to receive support in fnding suitable candidates with disabilities to participate in their recruitment processes. As of now, 390 youth (86 in Ethiopia, 175 in Kenya, and 129 “I steal some ideas without in Rwanda) have been trained at the TVETs. hesitation but try to provide Some are now self-employed and others are in formal employment. some as well.”

Judith Baarth, Light for the World Luk Zelderloo, European Association Foundation, Netherlands/Rwanda, of Service Providers (EASPD) Innovative Practice 2016

The UN CRPD does not provide answers. It just opens up new space to re-imagine disability and the place for persons with disabilities as equal citizens. It is innovative thinking that flls out this space – that creates new and imaginative opportunities for change. The Zero Project excites the imagination – especially of policy makers who are eager to explore new ways of transforming the world. It is an indispensable bridge between the ‘ideal system’ as expressed by the UN treaty and the ‘operation system’ of daily life for our citizens with disabilities.

Gerard Quinn, NUI National University of Ireland

Catalogue of Innovations 45 IN-DEPTH RESEARCH

The bigger the tumors is, the more time it has to send out its cells to the body. So fnding the smaller lumps means you can save lives.

Employment 46 Visually impaired women fghting breast cancer

Discovering Hands is training women who are visually impaired or blind in breast cancer detection. Since 2011 the organization has been growing rapidly, and in 2016 it has expanded in Germany, Austria, Colombia, India, and Israel.

COUNTRY: GERMANY ORGANIZATION: DISCOVERING HANDS FOUNDER: FRANK HOFFMANN

The idea for Discovering Hands came to Dr. Frank Hofmann in the shower.

In 2005, the German government was in the process of changing the laws pertaining to screenings for breast cancer. Before, doctors were able to send their patients for mammographies, even if there was no prior evidence of a tumor. Now, however, the government was altering its regulations. Al- though insurance was still going to cover preventive mammographies every two years for women between the ages of 50 and 69, it was no longer going to do so for younger women. And this worried Dr. Hofmann, a gynecologist from the city of Duisburg, in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Hofmann had been sending women for preventive mammograpies from the age of 40 onward. This was no longer an option.

For Dr. Hofmann, mammographies were among the most important tools he possessed in combating breast cancer, especially regarding early detection, “one of the main daily issues,” he says, he faced as a gynocologist. Dr. Hofmann felt very “uncomfortable with taking all the responsibility” for early breast cancer detection—especially because, in Germany, tactile examinations administered by doctors last only 1-3 minutes. During that fateful shower in November 2005—“half asleep and half awake,” he recalls, with a smile—Dr. Hofmann had an inspired idea: why, he thought, couldn’t visually impaired and blind people be enlisted for the job? This idea made a lot of sense: scientifc studies show that individuals with visual impairments often possess enhanced tactile awareness, and are actually more adept at certain tasks than those with unimpaired vision.

Hofmann knew that fnding a way to improve breast cancer detection was a deadly serious endeavor. It is the most common type of cancer for all women worldwide. Every year, 1.7 million women are diagnosed with the disease; 500,000 die from it yearly.

Case-Study 47 With the assistance of CAF, the Development Bank of South America, the organization has initiated trainings in Colombia; with the help of the Bayer Foundation, it has begun an inaugural pilot project in India.

The causes of breast cancer are complex, and related to age, genetics, hor- monal situation, time of frst pregnancy, and lifestyle. Incidence rates vary widely depending on one’s country of residence, as breast cancer rates are much higher in the developed world than the developing world. But even though breast cancer is more common in wealthier countries, survival rates are far higher in the developed world—roughly 80 percent of women survive the disease in North America, for instance—compared to rates in poor countries, which can fall below 40 percent. The key driver of this discrepancy is the lack of care related to early detection in the healthcare systems of developed countries. The efects of Germany’s new restrictions on mammographies, then, could be serious, especially for younger women. And even though, under current German law, women above the age of 50 are entitled to mammographies, almost half decline to undergo the test, mostly because of fears over the efects of X-rays.

A new profession called Medical Tactile Examiner Having identifed a potential solution—employing blind people as “Medical Tactile Examiners” (MTEs)—to close the gap in coverage for breast cancer detection, Dr. Hofmann embarked on a “kind of evaluation project,” he recalls, “to see if it would be possible to train blind people within 9 months” with the skills necessary to become medical professionals. Dr. Hofmann and his team had to design everything from scratch. Dr. Hofmann received a €200,000 grant from the government for to create a training program and study for the frst group of MTEs. (Given the intimate nature of their work, all MTEs trained by Discovering Hands are female.) The results were astounding. MTEs found much smaller cysts and tissue adurations than the doctors did. Today, MTEs detect breast cancer at nearly double the rate of other medical professional—roughly 1-2 new detec- tions per 600-800 patients, versus doctors, who average 1 new detection for every 1,200 patients. MTEs are also far more adept at locating smaller tumors. According to Dr. Hofmann, they can fnd tumors as miniscule as 6-8 millimetres in size; meanwhile, the smallest tumors most doctors can identify are between 1-2 centimetres large.

“This is really meaningful,” Dr. Hofmann tells the Zero Project, because “the bigger the tumors is, the more time it has to send out its cells to the body.

Employment 48 Starting in August 2016, the organization has begun employing MTEs directly, “renting” them to hospitals or ofces that want to ofer the services ofered by MTEs to patients. This, says Dr. Hofmann, will help provide another important revenue stream for the organization.

Case-Study 49 So fnding the smaller lumps means you can save lives, because if the lymph nodes are not afected, you can heal over 90 per cent of the patients.” Again, early detection is key: the percentage of those who survive breast cancer goes down dramatically depending on when the frst diagnosis is made.

Orientation strips are creating an income stream for Discovering Hands To guide MTEs through the intensive examination process, Dr. Hofmann invented a series of fve special “orientation strips” that are fxed on body of the patient. These strips are placed parallel to one another on the chest of the patient, forming virtual lines between them. This helps guide the fngertips of the MTE during the examination, insuring the thoroughness of the examination.

In early 2011, Dr. Hofmann was awarded an Ashoka Fellowship, which allowed him to step aside from his daily duties as a gynecologist to focus almost exclusively on Discovering Hands. He founded the Discovering Hands nonproft in late 2011, which allowed them to receive donations from individuals and foundations. Then they created a related for-proft afliate to help sell the orientation strips, which they patented. Thus, every time an MTE performs a breast examination, a small amount of money the doctor collects from the patient goes right back to Discovering Hands. Starting in August 2016, the organization has begun employing MTEs directly, “renting” them to hospitals or ofces that want to ofer the services ofered by MTEs to patients. This, says Dr. Hofmann, will help provide another important revenue stream for the organization.

Every time an MTE performs a breast examination, a small amount of the fee goes right back to Discovering Hands.

This is the tumor size that a trained MTE is able to detect, compared to the tumor sizes normally detected by gynecologists or women themselves.

Employment 50 Developing Hands is growing rapidly. There are currently the equivalent of 13 full-time MTEs working in Germany and Austria. MTEs have already carried out 8,000 breast examinations in 17 diferent gynecologists’ ofces, and 8 of Germany’s largest healthcare funds have agreed to cover tests conducted by MTEs. In Austria, Discovering Hands was supported by a grant of the Sinnstifter, a group of Austrian foundations, and Michael Altrichter, an Austrian business angel, has invested in the newly founded Austrian branch. Discovering Hands plans on training and placing 53 full-time MTEs in medical facilities by 2018.

Discovering Hands, meanwhile, is looking beyond Europe. With the assistance of CAF, the Development Bank of South America, the organization has initiated trainings in Colombia; with the help of the Bayer Foundation, it has begun an inaugural pilot project in India. (Discovering Hands won the Bayer Aspirin Social Prize in 2014, so the foundation was already familiar with its work.) In cooperation with the Ruderman Foundation, it plans on setting up pilot programs in Israel (Tel Aviv) and perhaps the United States (Boston). It aims to begin trainings in two new countries every year.

The positive impact in addition to creating jobs The road to becoming an MTE is a difcult one. First, Discovering Hands conducts a fve-day assessment of each candidate, to see if she is the right ft for the job. If admitted to the program, future MTEs undertake a rigorous nine-month training program, which includes a 200-hour communication module, designed to help them develop a rapport with patients.

Given the nature of their work, and the attention they give to each patient—the examination takes roughly 30 minutes to complete—there is a great deal of intimacy between MTEs and those to whom they administer the examination. Of course, MTEs must sometimes relay the existence of a suspicious lump to a doctor—a harrowing experience for patients, under the best of circumstances. But it is in precisely these situations, says Dr. Hof- mann, where the bond between MTE and patient can be particularly strong. “Especially when something follows from this examination, and breasts cancer is detected, but it’s detected early enough, there is a kind of lifelong gratefulness that develops,” he says.

Discovering Hands also helps reintegrating visually impaired individuals back into society. Take the story of Mary Lou, an MTE who Dr. Hofmann worked with for seven years. One day Mary Lou opened up to him about her blindness, which had left her adrift, lonely, untethered to her surround- ings. “She said, ‘you know, Frank, I cannot go to the world anymore. But that is not so important, because now, thanks to Discovering Hands, the world comes to me.’”

Case-Study 51 THE DISCOVERING HANDS MODEL

Employment 52 VISUALLY EXPLAINED

Case-Study 53 Canadian law prohibits discrimination based on disability and employers have a duty to Employment accommodate employees to avoid such discrimination. Employers must accommodate employees who fall into the groups protected by the Canada Human Rights Act Indicators up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account health, safety and cost. Persons The Zero Project publishes Social Indica- with intellectual disabilities are particularly “left out” of this requirement. tors on the annual research topic, based Canada on questionnaires answered by the Zero Project network. Green lights (“yes” as an answer) means that experts agree that the UN CRPD has been implemented, and red means “not at all.” Find here a summary by continents and employment, as well as selected comments.

1.9 Best possible (all questions are North America 2.0 answered with “yes”) Europe 1.0 2.3 1.1 1.2 2.5 Asia & Pacifc 1.3 North Africa 1.4 While the law prohibits all forms of 1.5 labour discrimination against per- 1.6 sons with disabilities and obliges 2.4 1.7 the government to create afrma- Sub-Saharan 1.8 tive action incentives in the private 2.4 Africa 1.9 sector and to employ persons with Latin America 2.0 disabilities in the public sector, no & Caribbean 2.1 specifc quotas are established, 2.2 nor does federal labour law “con- 2.3 template explicit situations relative 2.4 to the work conditions of persons 2.5 with disabilities” (quoted from an 2.5 2.6 Alternative Report of 2011). Oceania 2.7 Mexico 2.8 2.9 3.0 Worst possible (all questions are answered with “no”)

Employment 54 Mandatory accommodations include: adaptation of premises and workplace for people with disabilities, adaptation or purchase of equipment to help them perform work or function in the workplace, purchase and authentication software for use by disabled workers and assistive technology devices or adapted to the needs of their disability. There is obligation of employing Poland persons with disabilities in public Qualifed persons who are deaf are not allowed to institutions, “the work as teachers and teach children who are deaf. quota system”, but Deaf people who are fuent in Saudi Arabian Sign there is no service Language are not allowed to work at the university that monitors and as instructors and teach hearing students who are supervise how the majoring in deaf education on Saudi Arabian Sign process of adap- Language. But the Ministry of Labor is working on tation or training is new legislation and implementation in this domain. going on. Saudi Arabia Croatia

1.9 North America 2.0 Europe 2.3 2.5 Asia & Pacifc North Africa People with “invisible disabilities” are not included. 2.4 Taiwan 2.4 Sub-Saharan There is need to Africa educate employers on Many adults with Latin America the need to employ autism report & Caribbean persons with disa- discrimination and bilities and provision fnd it very difcult of accommodations to fnd work. There within the work place. is limited funding for accommoda- Zambia 2.5 tions and a limited Companies are not Oceania obligated, but there pool of skilled is a tax reduction if professionals to The Employment Equity Act and the Code of Good Practice they hire a person advise on such on Employment of Persons with Disabilities exist in South Af- with disabilities. So matters. While rica but these good pieces of legislation sufer extreme poor it depends entirely on paper accom- implementation. Disabled people who have been lucky to fnd on the good will of modations are work, work in very iccessible environments. More than 95% of the companies. supposed to be disabled people in South Africa are still not employed. provided, in reality Cape Verde South Africa many fnd it difcult to secure them.

Indicators 55 New Zealand Article 9 Accessibility

1. To enable persons with disabilities to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life, States Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure to persons with disabilities access, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, to transportation, to information and communications, including information and communications technologies and systems, and to other facilities and services open or provided to the public, both in urban and in rural areas.

Excerpt from Article 9 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilites and Optional Protocol (for the full Convention see Annex) INNOVATIONS IN Accessibility

Focus of the Zero Project 2014 IN-DEPTH RESEARCH

Inclusive urban development also includes job opportunities: Mitte Altona’s bike shop will be stafed by local residents with disabilities who will repair bicycles for their neighbours and all the other people of the quarter. Fotocredit: Heike Günther

Accessibility 58 Building an accessible urban neighbourhood from scratch

In Hamburg, Germany’s second biggest city, a whole urban development is based on inclusive and accessible planning. Inclusion also means job opportunities and refugees.

COUNTRY: GERMANY ORGANIZATION: ONE QUARTER FOR ALL/EINE MITTE FÜR ALLE – HAMBURG

If you could build a neighbourhood from scratch—and not any neighbourhood, but one in the centre of a vibrant, healthy, prosperous city—how would you design it? What kinds of principles or values would you seek to instantiate? And how would you ensure that the process, as well as the product, refected core democratic beliefs about inclusivity, participation, and fairness?

These are the types of questions that residents of Hamburg, Germany’s second largest city, faced in 2012 when a large railway yard became available for residential and commercial development. Instead of just permitting construction of a number of shopping malls and luxury apartments, whose foor plans and rental prices would be overwhelmingly subject to the whims of the market, Hamburg residents decided to proactively shape this new quarter—known as Mitte Altona—according to a more comprehensive, inclusive logic. Indeed, they decided to design Hamburg’s—and Germany’s— frst truly inclusive quarter, called the Q8 Initiative, which is a landmark in urban policy in Europe and perhaps the world.

The Zero Project spoke with Agathe Bogacz, Project Manager of the Q8 Initiative, which coordinates the “One Quarter for All” programme—the organizing force behind Mitte Altona’s inclusive design strategy. The Q8 Initiative, which has been twice featured as one of the Zero Project’s “In- novative Practices of the Year,” is itself a project of Evangelische Stiftung Alsterdorf, a large Hamburg-based foundation dedicated in part to providing assistance to individuals with disabilities.

“At frst,” Bogacz recalls, Mitte Altona was “just another big development project for Hamburg.” (In fact, it is the second largest development project in the city’s history.) But as calls to create an inclusive quarter grew, in 2012

Case-Study 59 the Q8 Initiative organized a citywide forum, attended by over 300 people, to help brainstorm the features for Mitte Altona. Participants included private citizens as well as representatives of universities, foundations, and civil society groups. For Bogacz, the aim of this forum, as well as the 20 that followed, was about “trying make this quarter diferent than other quarters. Not just in making a place for people who are rich—it’s in the middle of Hamburg, in a very good location—but in creating a quarter where everybody can live and fnd everything that he or she needs.”

Participants formulated a series of ambitious goals, delineating key qualities they believed would best characterize an inclusive quarter. These included accessible design for public spaces; the tight integration of residential and commercial spaces; resource efcient housing construction; universal low-barrier apartments; a set number of no-barrier apartments within the quarter; barrier-free public transport as well as barrier-free or accessible public meeting spaces; and employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities.

The many faces of accessible urban planning When construction is fnished, Mitte Altona will contain 3,500 apartments spread over 29 hectares. There are a variety of diferent kinds of buildings; some are mixed-use, while others are residential-only. And the residents will be economically mixed: a third of the housing will be rentals set aside

The planning includes accessible design for public spaces; the tight integration of residential and commercial spaces; universal low-barrier apartments; a set number of no-barrier apartments within the quarter; barrier-free public transport as well as barrier-free or accessible public meeting spaces.

Accessibility 60 for low-income residents, a third will be rentals for market-rate housing, and the fnal third will be earmarked for ownership. (Given that this is a prime city-centre locale, noted Bogacz, purchasing property in Mitte Altona will be very expensive.)

For Bogacz, one of the most exciting aspects of Mitte Altona, which also serves as an example of the quarter’s inclusive design, will be the presence of “building societies,” which will make up a full 20 per cent of all housing in the quarter. Although a well-known feature of the urban landscape in Scandinavia and Germany, “building societies” are an unusual and creative method for designing intentional and inclusive communities. As Bogacz explains: “In buildings societies, a group of people—say, 30, 40, or 50—decide they want to live together and build in a new quarter. They are not necessarily owners, but a project group. It’s a fxed group, so it’s very good for young families, for example. They decide where their fat is to be, and they can apply not only to live there but can help direct how the building will be constructed and how big the fats are.” This special arrangement requires intensive communication with the building designers, and creates a culture of investment in one’s neighbourhood. After all, building society members can be part owners of the apartments themselves.

A rigorous application process for building societies In Mitte Altona, all building societies had to undergo a rigorous application process whereby applicants proved that their societies satisfed certain inclusivity requirements. As Bogacz recalls, applicants “had to describe why they were inclusive, and how they would ofer inclusive structures. And if people with disabilities or old people or young people could be part of that building society, it was very important in the application process for the group to prove it was going to be inclusive.”

Mitte Altona’s building societies will have their own distinct inclusive focuses. For example, one society, Bliss/Mindset, will contain mixed housing for blind people, as well as for those with sight. This arrangement, says Bogacz, will allow residents to “help each other with everyday life” in the city. Anoth- er notable building society will only contain residents over the age of sixty. As Bogacz recalls, “Everyone in this society decided that they didn’t want to live alone in their apartments anymore, so they will help each other. One resident, who can still walk, will go shopping in the supermarket, another will do work in the fats, and so on. It’s about giving and taking.”

The kind of thoughtful design and attention to inclusivity for residential buildings in Mitte Altona extends to its commercial spaces. Take Mitte Al- tona’s bike shop. The shop will be stafed by local residents with disabilities who “will repair bicycles for their neighbours and all the other people of the quarter,” says Bogacz. It is the “frst inclusive economy model in the quar-

Case-Study 61 Mitte Altona’s building societies will have their own distinct inclusive focuses. For example, one society, Bliss/Mindset, will contain mixed housing for blind people, as well as for those with sight.

ter, but we want to build on that model in the quarter so other shops will think about how to make it possible that people with disabilities and young people, both of whom have difculties in gaining employment, will fnd work there.”

Religious inclusivity will also be an important part of Mitte Altona. There is already a young pastor working in the quarter—she’s a common sight there on her bicycle, and functions as a kind of roving ambassador—whose job is to bring diferent kinds of people together in order to foster and strengthen the local community.

Disability inclusion meets refugee integration As Bogacz notes, Mitte Altona will also ofer a set number of residential spaces for refugees, many of whom come from Syria. Some building societies are even ofering rent-free living arrangements for refugee families with low incomes. Many refugees have experienced a difcult transition in rebuilding their lives in Germany, but Mitte Altona’s dedication to religious and cultural inclusion may make integration easier there than in other parts of the country. Indeed, says Bogacz, “In Mitte Altona refugees will live with other people who are very open minded—especially the people from the building societies. They will ofer a lot of activities and will be active in working together with the schools. It will be easy for neighbours to get in contact with each other.”

Of course, as you can imagine, creating Germany’s frst inclusive quarter presented a series of challenges for Bogacz and the Q8 Initiative. Making inclusion a topic of urban development was difcult at frst, she recalls; and she credits Q8’s strategy of working with politicians and the private sector, as well as activists, as the key to the initiative’s success. As Bogacz explained: “The main reasons why everything is working so well is that we are

Accessibility 62 One Quarter For All will not only be disability-inclusive- but also to refugees: Mitte Altona’s dedication to religious and cultural inclusion may make integration easier there than in other parts of the country.

Case-Study 63

Fotocredit: Heike Günther “A lot of initiatives in Hamburg are trying to make bottom-up change, but many don’t work because activists say ‘we want to have this, we want to have that,’ but it’s a confict-based approach. We have tried to work with each other and speak with each other.”

working on eye level with the administration. And that’s been very important. A lot of initiatives in Hamburg are trying to make bottom-up change, but many don’t work because activists say ‘we want to have this, we want to have that,’ but it’s a confict-based approach. We have tried to work with each other and speak with each other.”

The potential of the consensus-based approach Because of this consensus-based approach, Mitte Altona has become an important example for all of Germany. “I am now working on another quarter that’s nearby in Hamburg, and discussing with investors how that quarter can be inclusive,” says Bogacz. “And in early January 2017, I’ve been invited to a big architecture forum, where we will present our experiences with inclusive urban development, because there is a great interest in all of Ger- many about how to use the Mitte Altona experience to build more inclusive housing.”

Interest in inclusive quarters transcends national lines, too: Bogacz recently hosted a group of Japanese visitors who wanted to see how Mitte Altona could possibly provide an example for inclusive urban design in their country.

By the end of 2017, Mitte Altona will reach an important milestone, when its frst full-time residents will be moving in. Bogacz says she is “so excited” for that moment to come. “You can imagine how a neighbourhood will look, but you can’t really know until the people live there,” she admits.

Speaking with Bogacz it is easy to sense her passion for working with people to create a truly inclusive environment—one where anyone and every-

Accessibility 64 “Our goal is not only to create a quarter and to build it accessibly but also in how we’re organizing it.”

one can thrive within a complex urban environment. When the Zero Project asked what truly stood out about the One Quarter for All programme and Mitte Altona, she answered without hesitation. “It’s the people who are going to be living there,” she said. “And it’s everything about the social interest structure. We will have a lot of institutions that will help people and will ofer special neighbourhood activities. So our goal is not only to create a quarter and to build it accessibly but also in how we’re organizing it.”

This kind of expansive thinking underlies everything that has been done to create this new, inclusive quarter in the heart of Hamburg. “We believe it’s important not only to think in terms of architecture but in terms of social infrastructure,” says Bogacz. And this “social architecture,” as she puts it, means integrating all groups of society—from the physically and developmentally disabled, to the elderly, to refugees, to other afnity groups—within a dense urban area, in a highly intentional and thoughtful type of community.

Case-Study 65 THE ONE QUARTER FOR ALL - MODEL

Accessibility 66 VISUALLY EXPLAINED

Case-Study 67 One-stop-shop for accessible technologies in Qatar

MADA, a public-private partnership in Qatar, ofers direct services, works on website accessibiity certifcates, and has established a library of acessible books. It is beginning to infuence services in other Arab speaking countries.

Innovative Practice 2015

UNICEF Award for making medical services accessible to women

doctHERs connects female doctHErs to millions of underserved patients real-time. “To date, doctHERs has recruited 15 female physicians, 10 female specialists, female ultrasound specialists, 5 female nurses, 10 midwives, and 20 social and community health mobilizers in the network. It has integrated specialization in its online consul- tation services, which include gynaecology, dermatology, and paediatric. All doctHERs clinics are now equipped with visiting phle- botomist and ultrasound specialists, thus reducing patient travel cost and time and improving accessibility and efciency. National Health Service opened its doors Within a span of six months doctHERs has launched six telemedicine kiosks in Sound Advice has a createed a website that is geared to all Karachi and one in the province of Khyber people that should work together oin order to empower chil- Phkthunkhwa. The organization has also dren to develop their full potential. launched the frst-ever tele-psychiatry “We were invited to present at an Open Health Data Night in kiosks in both Dadar and Hafzabad. In Dublin with the Chief Information Ofcer of Ireland’s National collaboration with GSK Pakistan, a pharma- Health Service. The event opened doors for our project and – ceutical enterprise, Further, in collaboration with the aid of the Zero Project factsheet – helped to grow our with Unilever, the organization conducted credibility throughout 2016. In addition, in April 2016, Ireland’s a “Mental Health and Wellness” workshop public audiology services were the frst to get an electronic with the support of Unilever staf. health-records system (as discussed at the event cited) to In November 2016, it won the UNICEF track hearing-service waiting times and efciency Award for improving women’s lives.

Caroline Carswell, Sound Advice, Ireland Makkiya Jawed, doctHERs, Pakistan Innovative Practice 2016 Innovative Practice 2016

Accessibility 68 A push for inclusive journalism VOICES ON THE IMPORTANCE OF THE The Inklusive Lehrredaktion (ILR) of Kurier – a UN CRPD German language newspaper published in Vienna – hosted an ofcial visit by y Austrian politicians and journalists, and the Austrian As a binding instrument, the UN CRPD has inspired and guided Broadcasting Corporation produced a report nations to identify and serve the needs of people with disabilities. Pos- on the project. As ILR becomes increasingly itive change has been manifested individually, collectively, regionally, better known, more people with disabilities and globally. and/or learning difculties will have the oppor- Sam Badege, National Organization of Users tunity to access the daily news. and Survivors of Psychiatry, Rwanda Nina Bachmayr, Jugend am Werk and KURIER Lehrredaktion, Austria The UN CRPD has raised awareness about disability rights in many Innovative Practice 2016 countries throughout the world, and with this increased awareness changes have occurred in laws, policies, and practices that promote greater inclusion and acceptance of children and adults with disabilities. Arlene Kanter, Syracuse University, United States

“Accessibility has to In Japan the UN CRPD has not yet had a concrete impact, primarily because the government is still hesitating on its full implementation. become a natural part Rather than introducing a strong and clear non-discrimination law, lawmakers passed a weaker law that seeks only to eliminate discrimi- of our lives, using all the natory practices. It will take a few more years (fve or ten) to revise the resources and potential current law to be truly efective. that we have.” Satoshi Kose, Professor Emeritus, Shizuoka University of Art and Culture, Japan Rotraut Krall, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria

The face tracking mouse

#ASPACE improves the autonomy ans social inclusion of people with cerebral palsy through innovative technologocial solutions. “We have developed the EVA Facial Mouse, which is a face tracking based mouse emula- tor for Android. The number of benefciaries has grown from 500 to 1,100 in two years.

César Mauri Loba, Confederación ASPACE, Spail, Innovative Practice 2014

110 new toilets in one year

Changing Places toilets provides equipment, space, and facities for persons with disabilities in public spaces. “Over the past year 110 Changing Places have been installed, and our new Changing Places map has made it easier for people to plan routes and fnd their nearest Changing Places facilities.”

Mike LeSurf, Changing Places, United Kingdom Innovative Practice 2014

Catalogue of Innovations 69 Making music with the Flip- Mouse

A bachelor in “Smart Homes and assistive IT”

“The University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien fnished the documentation material for the Open Source FlipMouse construction set and we are now ready to ship construction kits to interested individuals and parties. Furthermore, we founded a new study programme at the University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien: the Bachelor programme for ‘Smart Homes and Assistive Technology,’ which is unique in Austria. As part of their course work, students will build and programme afordable assistive tools for people with disabilities – including FlipMouse devices – which will then be donated to persons in need. We have set up an Internet portal – the so-called ‘Mouse-Hub’ – where people can apply for these free devices.”

Christoph Veigl, Asterics Academy, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Austria Innovative Practice 2016

“The government must recognize the 15 new organizations use necessity of legally text-to-speech binding time-frames India Centre for Internet & Society supports the use of eSpe- ak, a text-to-speech-engine, by blind people and all languages to realize universal spoken in India. design.” “We built the capacity of 15 organizations to run training programmes using NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access, a free, Berit Wegheim, open source, portable screen reader) and eSpeak on com- Stop Discrimination Norway puters and mobile phones, and directly reached over 1,000 visually impaired persons through our trainings.”

Nirita Narasimhan , India Centre for Internet & Society, India Innovative Practice 2014

Accessibility 70 “We have moved to an ‘end-to-end’ customer journey, building an inclusive vision rather than being bolted-on at the end.” Sharon Forbes, Association of Train Operating Companies, United Kingdom Innovative Practice 2014 Expanding to hospitals, and going international soon

VEASYT Live! is the frst online video-inter- A next step in achieving better harmo- preting service in Italy that can be used on computers as well as smartphones. nized IT standards in the EU and the US “During 2016, 10 new languages have been implemented, such that today VEASYT Live! In February 2014 the European Standardization Organizations is now available in 25 languages – includ- – CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI – announced the publication of ing Italian sign language (LIS). The service a new European Standard on accessibility requirements for is now rapidly expanding into hospitals information and communication technologies (ICT), products, and the national market, with the goal of and services. This new standard (EN 301 549) is the frst Euro- entering the European market very soon. pean Standard for accessible ICT. The company is also highly committed to Based on the Access Board’s draft standard from 2011, on ensuring the accessibility of public events, September 14, 2016, the Access Board voted to approve a such as conferences and seminars, and to fnal rule updating its Information and Communication Technol- developing a proper video remote interpret- ogy Standards and Guidelines. ing service for conference interpreting. This With the Board’s September 2016 vote to advance its fnal upgrade will be available in 2017.” rule to the US administration for clearance, we are closer to achieving more harmonized ICT requirements. Enrico Capiozzo, VEASYT SRL, Italy Innovative Practice 2016 David Capozzi, European Commission and US Access Board, European Union/USA Innovative Policy 2016

New software for therapists

Irisbond has developed a device that enables people to control computers by the movement of the eyes. “We war currently transitioning from indirect distribution to a mixed model of direct and indirect distribution.” In early 2016, Irisbond launched a new software programme to support therapist and speech-language therapists in their work with eye tracking and children with cerebral palsy.”

Marie Macharackova, Irisbond, Spain Innovative Practice 2016

Catalogue of Innovations 71 “Innovations, especially in the social sector, help remove divides that exist in society by providing new insights or a ‘Smart’ solution to an existing problem.” Meera Shenoy, Youth4Jobs

Monitoring and enforcing urban accessibility

The City of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, has set up an implementation framework for its accessibility standards for built environment that includes a comprehensive monitoring and enforcing system, from design to postconstruction.

Innovative Policy 2014

Expanding to hospitals, and going international soon “Learn from others and align with Cape Town‘s MyCITI bus system is among the frst South others! Only African Bus Rapid Transit system established the Univer- together can we sal Access Policy for universal create inclusive design principles and attention to the whole journey. societies all over

Innovative Policy 2014 the world.” Betteke De Gaay Fortman, Karuna Foundation, Netherlands

Teaching sign language in an entertaining way

An estimated 30 municipalities will be participating in the “Help Me Help You” training programme from June 2016 to June 2017. Currently, Access Israel’s “Help Me Help You” is being ofered in 22 municipalities. By publishing the fact that the project has been recognized as a “Innovative Practice” by theZero Project, it now takes less efort to market the project and to convince municipalities to join the programme. In addition, the Ministry of Welfare has decided that it will subsidize this project for 11 to 15 municipalities during the coming year.

Michal Rimon, Access Israel Innovative Practice 2016

Accessibility 72 Expanding to hospitals, and going international soon

Being invited to talk at the conference in 2014 lead to us becoming involved in a European funded project – Erasmus + AM- Inclusive com- BAVis project. We have collabo- munication of rated with colleagues in Austria, Germany and Slovakia. the Balkan Arts One of AMBAVis’ main aims is to evaluate cutting edge haptic The Balkan Museum technologies and 3D practices Access Group (BMAG) now being developed in mu- is a permanent group seums and to disseminate the of the Balkan Museum fndings to the heritage sector in Network and access order to improve cultural access and inclusion are core for blind and visually impaired topics around which people. capacity building programmes are designed Sam Sportun, Manchester for the museums. The Museum, United Kingdom, development is the Innovative Practice 2014 capacity building of the craftspersons from the Balkans focusing on the social model of disability and the universal design. Other countries Transformative efect of innovations have also been included in the regional work, “Innovative practices and policies have the capacity to lift perpetual barriers primarily Greece and and help build a future free from exclusion for persons with disabilities. In Croatia. order to reap the full benefts of innovation, it is crucial that new practices are shared and made readily available for transfer of knowledge and adaption to Aida Vežić, Foundation be considered by those interested as widely as possible. Technological inno- Cultural Heritage vation specifcally and access to relevant resources can have a transformative without Borders, Bosnia efect in the lives of individuals and the advancement of society.” and Herzegovina Charis Desinioti, Program Officer, Stavros Niarchos Foundation

More sign language courses for parents

Signhands/Sign Impact develops learning curricula for parents of children with hearing impairments. Most recently, Joni Oyserman and Mathilde de Geus have scaled-up the project in the Netherlands, and they now run courses for parents at four locations nationwide. In Canada, Kristin Snoddon in September 2016 received a Carleton University Development Grant for fnal- izing the frst parent American Sign Language (ASL) course module.

Jony Oyserman, Sign Impact Ltd/Signhands, Canada/Netherlands, Innovative Practice 2016

Catalogue of Innovations 73 Upgrade of the video-call emergency line to all telecommunication providers

The Higher Council of Afairs of Persons with Disabilities in Jordan has developed a system that makes video calls possible in situations of emergency for people with hearing impairments. “The Public Security Directorate (PSD) of the Jordan Command and Control Centre (JCCC) is in the process of upgrading its computer telephony integration system to start receiving video calls from all telecommunication companies using a dedicated line. Further, PSD /JCCC has begun a nationwide training programme on sign language interpretation for its ofcers.”

Alia ZUREIKAT, Higher Council for Afairs of Persons with Disabilities, Jordan Innovative Practice 2016

“IGLU was mentioned as a best practice in the Action Plan to implement the UN CRPD in Rheinland-Pfalz, the German country-state.“ Bernadette Bros-Spähn, Gemeinsam Leben – Gemeinsam Lernen, Germany Innovative Practice 2015

Accessibility 74 VOICES ON THE ZERO PROJECT

As a member of the European Economic and Social Committee, I think the Zero Project Conference is a great incubator of innovative social practices aimed at improving the lives of people with disabilities, and one that has allowed us to focus on the daily work of Fundacion ONCE, making it known beyond Europe.

Miguel Angel Cabra De Luna, Fundacion ONCE and the European Economic and Social Committee

I think the Zero Project model of shining light on good practices and policies for a combination of policy makers, practitioners, and private/ philanthropic funders is excellent and transferable to other big issues A National Day of facing our society. Accessible Theatre Madeleine Clarke, Genio Trust and Chairman of the European Venture Philanthropy Association, Ireland Escola de Gente created a theatre project that works on the full inclusion of persons with disabilities, not enable by enabling The European Foundation Centre, within its Disability Thematic Net- them to visit but to actively participate and work, has been very supportive of the Zero Project since its onset. Its creating an inclusive culture. great potential lies in its learning through best practices and policies “We drafted a bill on the National Day of implemented worldwide, from which the foundation sector can then Accessible Theatre, and it has already been embrace, learn, and advance. approved by the House of Representatives Silvia Balmas, European Foundation Centre, Brussels and by three commissions in the Sen- ate. Now it just needs to be voted by the Senators’ plenary. One of the strategies to The Zero Project is a fantastic example of strategic philanthropy, pressure members of Congress to support bringing together research, best practices, and policy infuence for the bill is a petition signed by 20,000 people, systemic change. It builds on a community of users and practitioners, which was started by the mother of a blind and it keeps us collectively accountable for implementing our policies. girl. This girl watched a play for the frst time Karin Jestin, Philanthropic Advisor, Switzerland when Escola de Gente showed a 100 per cent accessible performance in her city.”

Claudia Werneck, Escola de Gente, Brazil Innovative Practice 2014

“CRPD, a very powerful tool”

The CRPD is a very powerful tool for persons with disabilities across the world. We have to be careful that it does not remain a great resource for only a small privileged segment in the global North, while it remains only a piece of paper for the vast majority in the global South. DPI commends the Zero Project for having created such a platform for diferent voices from diferent corners of the entire world – year after year.

Javed Abidi, DPI (Disabled People‘s International), India

Catalogue of Innovations 75 IN-DEPTH RESEARCH

Accessibility 76 Australia’s “twin track” approach to inclusive aid

The development aid programm of Australia uses targeted investments to support persons with disabilities directly, but tries at the same time to make all its development programmes fully inclusive and acessible.

COUNTRY: AUSTRALIA ORGANIZATION: AUSTRALIAN MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

Disability is global. This is a well-known truth, but it is also one that is all too often underemphasized, or completely ignored. We live in a world of nation-states, where—if you are fortunate—your government will be concerned with (and have the means to improve) your health and welfare, and that of your fellow citizens. But poverty and inequality can preclude states from undertaking such projects. Resources are fnite, and developing countries must often make painful choices about how best to allocate funding when the need overwhelms the capacity. There is a strong consensus that wealthier, developed states have a responsibility towards their less-fortunate neighbours. Aid is a moral obligation, but it is also the pragmatic response to a world threatened by growing inequality. To paraphrase U.S. President John Kennedy, “a rising tide lifts all boats”—that is, it is not only an obligation for wealthy states to assist their neighbours, but it is also in their enlightened self-interest to do so.

80 percent of persons with disabilities live in developing countrles. More- over, people with disabilities—and their families and caretakers, who are disproportionately women—are more likely to remain poor throughout their lives. Disability afects individuals, families, and entire nations; indeed, it is estimated that national economies lose 5 per cent of their GDP when individuals with disabilities are unable to access employment. And that does not begin to account for the efects of the lost productivity of caregivers.

As Julie Bishop, Australia’s Minster for Foreign Afairs, noted in a May 2015 speech: The challenge with disability is that its impacts fow into every other aspect of life. People with a disability know the physical or mental challenges they face as a direct result of their specifc condition. But they also know about the fow-on efects: the extra challenges, for example, in getting an education, or the barriers they face in getting a job. People with a disability are

Case-Study 77 overrepresented among the world’s poor; and the poor are overrepresented amongst people with disability.

Fortunately, wealthier states are tackling the relationship between disability and poverty head-on, and Australia has been one of the world’s leading countries in that efort. Through its “Disability-Inclusive Development” strategy, Australia has tried to alleviate the burdens faced by individuals with disabilities, and to help “mainstream” such individuals in its aid programmes— that is, to ensure that people with disabilities have an important stake in the aid-giving process itself.

The Zero Project spoke with Mika Kontiainen, the director of the Disability Development Policy and Education Branch, which is housed within Australia’s Department of Foreign Afairs and Trade, from Kontiainen’s ofce in Canberra. Kontiainen, who has been director of the programme for nearly two years,

As Australia’s disability-inclusive aid programme has evolved, its emphasis has changed. For example, nurturing civil society organizations – and supporting disabled people’s organizations – in developing countries has become an increasing focus of the programme.

calls disability inclusion a “wonderful area to work in” because one can make a real diference. “Our fundamental goal is that our development eforts leave no one behind,” says Kontiainen. “What we conceive is that the contribution that Australia can make can have a transformative efect on the population of people with disabilities in countries in which we work.”

Australia takes a human rights approach to disability inclusion, and has been a leader in disability-inclusive development for years. As he recalls, “The genesis of Australia’s aid programme was the UN CRPD. We had at the time, and still do, a very strong domestic focus on disability inclusion. And that coincided with an interest and a desire to fulfl the obligations of the CRPD, particularly in the international arena.”

After helping develop the CRPD, the Australian Government established a strategy called “Development for All,” which was announced in 2008 and developed with a focus on the Millennium Development Goals. Australian

Accessibility 78 THE AUSTRALIAN DEVELOPMENT AID PROGRAM VISUALLY EXPLAINED

Case-Study 79 A twin-track approach for dealing with disability inclusion: Targeted investments and mainstreaming all of Australia’s aid investments.

policy makers also began to formulate an approach known as “Nothing About Us, Without Us”—that is, the idea that not only would Australia’s foreign aid now focus on assisting and empowering individuals with disabilities, but it would empower these individuals to help identify the areas of greatest need in their own communities.

For Australia, this required thinking beyond its aid programmes. As Kontiain- en remarked, “We have a commitment to use Australia’s international advocacy, our diplomatic eforts, and the aid programme investments to make an efort to improve the quality of life of people with disability. So outside of the aid programme, we now use our international infuence within the UN, in bilateral relationships, and in partner countries to advocate for disability rights and equality.”

At the same time, within the aid programme itself experts have formulated a “twin-track approach” for dealing with disability inclusion. One track is to make investments that are targeted specifcally for people with disabilities in developing countries. The other track is mainstreaming: that is, seeking to make all Australia’s aid investments inclusive, such that people with disabilities are both participants and benefciaries of the programmes themselves. Kontiainen says an example of the frst kind of programme might be funding a disabled people’s organization or supporting the provision of services to people with disabilities; while an example of the second is any programme— say, aid to schools and education—that specifcally seeks the input of individuals with disabilities in order to ensure that their voices are heeded during the giving process.

As the Australia’s disability-inclusive aid programme has evolved, its emphasis has changed. For example, nurturing civil society organizations—and supporting disabled people’s organizations—in developing countries has become an increasing focus of the programme. There is a marked need for this kind of aid. In most developing countries, foreign aid is only a very small percentage of all the funding that is distributed to a state’s residents. So Australia also tries to help build civil society organizations. For this reason they fund disability advocacy organizations based as far away as North

Accessibility 80 America (such as the Boston-based Disability Advocacy Fund), as well as such global coalitions as the International Disability Alliance (IDA).

Thinking through the mainstreaming process can be complex. .When asked for an example of an inclusive project, Kontiainen recalled a trip he took to a remote village in Burma’s Irrawaddy Delta, where the Australian aid programme was supporting a village school. The village used a lot of ingenuity to think through these issues. For example, locals built a bridge across the river, connecting the village with the school, and did so in such a way that it was actually wheelchair accessible. At the school, the toilets and class- rooms were likewise disability accessible. In addition, teachers were trained to work with children with disabilities, and there were adjustments made to the curriculum that encouraged children with disabilities to learn. The Aus- tralian development fund helped with the seed capital for this programme, but it was the villagers themselves who conceived of and worked through the solutions to their problems.

Because Australia is in the unique position for a developed country of having many developing states among its immediate neighbours, its giving is almost exclusively regionally focused. Some of the largest recipient countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Soloman Islands, and Vanuatu.

A lot of potential in the areas of water, sanitation and hygiene When asked what the next few years will look like for Australia’s disability-inclusive development programme, Kontiainen named two initiatives. At the international level, he says he is looking forward to working on a new global coordination mechanism called the Global Action in Disability Net- work (GLAD), which was established during the 2015 International Day on Disabilities in London. Australia will be taking a co-chair role in this network, with Kontiainen leading his country’s eforts. This new mechanism will bring together development agencies, philanthropies, foundations, and the private sector to work together more collaboratively and thus maximize the impact of their work with people with disabilities.

Meanwhile, at the programmatic level, Kontiainen believes the real challenge—and opportunity—will come from better integrating disability-related development within Australia’s mainstreaming programme. While he believes a lot of progress has been made with Australia’s aid investments in education and in the areas of water, sanitation, and hygiene, it is a little more difcult with other aid programmes. There is, he notes, “huge will” to fnd solutions to these problems, but it will take a lot of conscious efort.

Kontiainen knows that there is much work to be done, and that change takes time. But he remains highly optimistic. “We’ve got a long way to go,” he admits, “but we are heading very much in the right direction.”

Case-Study 81 The UK has an organiza- Across Canada, 2006 tion called Accessibility statistics indicate that “SOCITM” about 60% of con- which ventional bus and rail measures Indicators systems are accessi- the accessible. Several strategies bility of local have worked particu- council web- This world map of the Zero Project larly well to achieve sites, but the that. Social Indicators visualizes the sta- information tus of the implementation of the UN Canada it provides CRPD when it comes to the most publicly is restricted. important aspects of accessibility, UK notably ICT, the built environment, and public transport, as commented and explained by the experts who completed the questionnaire.

1.7 Best possible North America (all questions are 2.0 answered with “yes”) Europe 1.0 2.3 1.1 1.2 2.5 Asia & Pacifc 1.3 North Africa 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.5 1.7 Irregular application Sub-Saharan 1.8 2.3 due to the lack of Africa 1.9 punishment for non- Latin America 2.0 compliance, several & Caribbean 2.1 authorities oversee 2.2 but not punished 2.3 because delays in 2.4 the supervision and 2.5 coordination. 2.2 2.6 Oceania 2.7 Panama 2.8 2.9 3.0 Great diferences in region & providers regarding public transportation. Worst possible Newer sets are increasingly becoming more accessible, but there are still (all questions are older models in use that make problems. The stops are not barrier-free. The answered with “no”) staf is largely untrained. Particularly for people with intellectual impairment, many barriers remain: e.g., understanding of timetables, ticket machines, orientation in the network of public transport.

Accessibility 82 Austria Trains, buses, and metros, etc., can only be used According to the “Regulation concerning government author- if you ask for assistance in advance (up to 24 ities obligations towards persons with disabilities,” National hours). Even then you can‘t always get where authorities information must be accessible to persons with you want on the time of your preference. disabilities. There is no such obligation for municipalities (local authorities). Despite the fact national authorities have the Belgium obligation to make their websites accessible; there is no way to address website owners when a site is not accessible. ICT-Accessibility has been an Sweden obligatory standard for public Not all the cars/buses are accessible, but sector websites since 2008. All there are some accessible cars/buses on public sector bodies must follow almost all the urban lines. WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) at level AA, when they Finland purchase, develop or run their websites. But the reality is, that not all follow the standards mostly because of lack of knowledge.

Denmark Even though the legislation covers all newly constructed buildings to which there is public access and covers all disabilities, the signage in Braille 1.7 and easy-to-read and North America 2.0 understand forms are Europe not covered by it. 2.3 Macedonia 2.5 Asia & Pacifc North Africa

2.5 Legislation on 2.3 Sub-Saharan Accessibility was Africa enacted by parlia- Latin America There is a government ment of Sri Lanka in & Caribbean fund to help public 2007. This covers building owners of in- all public buildings accessible buildings to mentioned (only upgrade their premises. exception is private residence) including Singapore 2.2 public transport, Oceania railway stations, The Ministry of Communication and Information organ- airports etc. Reg- ized workshops on accessible websites for persons ulations cover all with disabilities, including physical, blind, and deaf. disabilities. All new However, only a few local governments support the buildings must be programme, and the accessible Internet cafes are not constructed with yet accessible to people with other disabilities. accessibility.

Indonesia Sri Lanka

Indicators 83 Article 19 Living independently and being included in the community

Persons with disabilities have the opportunity to choose their place of residence and where and with whom they live on an equal basis with others and are not obliged to live in a particular living arrangement; (b) Persons with disabilities have access to a range of in-home, residential and other community support services, including personal assistance necessary to support living and inclusion in the community, and to prevent isolation or segregation from the community; (c) Community services and facilities for the general population are available on an equal basis to persons with disabilities and are responsive to their needs.

Article 29 Participation in political and public life

States Parties shall guarantee to persons with disabilities political rights and the opportunity to enjoy them on an equal basis with others, and shall undertake: (a) To ensure that persons with disabilities can efectively and fully participate in political and public life on an equal basis with others, directly or through freely chosen representatives, including the right and opportunity for persons with disabilities to vote and be elected.

Excerpt from Article 19 and 29 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilites and Optional Protocol (for the full Convention see Annex) INNOVATIONS IN Independent Living & Political Participation

Focus of the Zero Project 2015 “We should have called it ‘Self-determination’”

An Interview with Mr. Adolf Ratzka on Independent Living – past, present, and future

Michael Fembek: Mr. Ratzka, you are one of the pioneers of the Independent Living movement, especially in Europe, and it is very much connected to your personal biography. Can we begin with you looking back at when it all started? Adolf Ratzka: My biography represents the typical case of what Independ- ent Living is all about. When I had polio at the age of seventeen, I was hospitalized and stayed there for nearly fve years. That was in Germany. I would have stayed there much longer, had I not gotten a scholarship for studying at a university in the United States. The reason I was hospitalized that long was because there were simply no services in the community, such as housing or personal assistance services. The scholarship paid my expenses in the US including the cost of employing my personal assistants. The term “Independent Living” appeared for the frst time in a California law in 1959 that allowed the counties of California to get patients occupying expensive county hospital beds after the big polio epidemics back to the community and their families, back to freedom, by either providing these often young people with county attendant care services in kind or by pay- ing them direct payments for which they could employ their personal care attendants, as they were called then.

Fembek: So how did you manage to transfer your experiences in the United States into initiating the Independent Living movement in Europe? Ratzka: My time in California was a fantastic adventure, and looking back at that time, moving from Los Angeles to Munich, with my disability – at the age of twenty-two, all by myself, with electric wheelchair, ventilator, needing help with things like getting up in the morning, getting dressed and going to the toilet – was not a wise idea. But I survived it anyway, in good shape. I also realized that the majority of disabled persons were not as lucky as I was. That is when we started to form a small group on our campus to try to get things more accessible, as these things were still very limited. I didn’t do what can be called ‘disability politics’ until I was in Sweden. There I realized that the eight years that I had been living in California were actually heaven compared to most people’s living situation in Sweden. And this despite the fact that Sweden as a social welfare state was spending a lot more money on disabled people than California was.

Independet Living 86 So it wasn’t so much the amount of materials and resources, it was the control, it was the self-depending system that we had in California that didn’t exist in Sweden at the time. Again, this is another dimension that is very important in Independent Living – it’s self-determination. When you have the tools for self-determination, then you can become the boss over your own life. You can have the same degree of decision-making that other people take for granted. The term “Independent Living” itself is actually a misnomer. It was a bad choice, I think, and we should have called it “Self-determination.” “Independent living” to most people sounds unrealistic and not even desirable and needs more explanation. As humans we all are interdependent. As disabled persons we demand the same degrees of interdependence as everybody else takes for granted. Not more and not less.

Fembek: Self-determination – what is in the heart of it? Ratzka: When I was studying at the university in California, as part of my scholarship I received money from the German state so that I could hire somebody, a student, often someone living in the same area/building whom I trained and supervised. Why shouldn’t that work here, in Sweden? There was not much understanding, so I needed help. Friends from the United States like Ed Roberts, who unfortunately passed away in 1995, and Judy Heumann came to Stockholm for a conference I organized on Independ- ent Living in 1983. They talked about their assistance solution and what Independent Living was all about. That was the start of the movement in Sweden. The idea was planted and the discussion started, but not a lot of people liked it yet. If this had been within the regular government administration, that would have been another story. But why should they go through the trouble of becoming employers of our assistants? That was too much. So I proposed a pilot project whereby I suggested that the local government give us the same money that it was currently spending on these so-called ‘home-helper’ services (community-based services) – give us the same money per hour that these service workers cost and we would do something better with it. “Same cost, but better quality” – that was our slogan, and as a matter of fact it started exactly 30 years ago, in January 1987. We formed the frst personal assistance user cooperative in Scandinavia that took care of the paper work which is required for hiring staf but each of the

Dr. Adolf Ratzka was born in Bavaria/Germany. He acquired Polio at the age of seven, and got the opprotunity to study in Los Angeles/United States. In 1973 he moved to Sweden and did research on accessible housing and living in institutions. In the 1980s he iniated the Independent Living movement in Sweden, and since 1994 he has chaired the Institute for Independent Living in Stockholm/Sweden.

Interview 87 “When it comes to decisions of one’s personal life, such as when and how one has to go to the bathroom, the normal democratic decision process is not so good.”

members had the responsibility to fnd, train, supervise their own personal assistants. The project was successful and expanded in Stockholm, but also to other communities across the country. In June 1989 this decision was taken by the Stockholm City Council that the project would be continued on a permanent basis and we won by just one vote. We were attacked by the Left. They were very suspicious of us as they saw us as people who did not really know what we were doing, but were taken by the bourgeois conservatives as pawns in their political game – aimed at the destruction of the public sector through privatization of public services. When it comes to certain decisions I don’t think that the regular democratic process and parliamentary decisions are so good – especially when it comes to decisions of one’s personal life, such as when and how one has to go to the bathroom. I had to bring ideological decisions down to such basic issues to make people understand. In order to run our own life, we have to have the right infuence so we know what we want to achieve in our lives. We are the best experts on our needs. And no one else, and no one with a social work degree, can know better what we want to achieve in our lives and how. And well, we won fnally and on 1994 the solution we had pioneered, with direct payments from the local government, was turned into a national law and funded by the National Social Security Fund.

Fembek: When looking at the core themes of Independent Living, where are we now, and where are we heading? Ratzka: In Germany, with the federal system and responsibility divided among so many semi-public social insurance companies it is difcult for anyone to see who pays and who benefts. The family and residential institutions are still the solution for many of us. Few people seem to have personal assistance. Residential institutions are still big business, and they have a powerful lobby. Currently, there are negotiations on changes in the law, but so far it doesn’t look good for people who depend on personal assistance for a decent life. There is only talk about austerity measures and cost

Independet Living 88 containment. Not only in Germany. In the UK, the Independent Living Fund was dismantled. Therefore, from an initially good start in the ’80s and ’90s, things have slowed down in Europe – also lately in Sweden, even though the Swedish economy is still going strong.

Fembek: Why is it slowing down? Ratzka: There are open but also hidden costs when it comes to personal assistance. There are open and hidden costs when it comes to personal assistance and its alternatives. Previously, most of the costs were hidden to the public because the family, especially in southern and eastern European countries, has been the prime provider of everyday help to persons who need assistance with the activities of daily living. This is very cheap for the taxpayer. But very expensive for people with these needs and their family members. They pay with life-long mutual dependence, guilt feelings, loss of educational, professional and social opportunities, stunted human growth. The cost to society is loss of production and loss of contribution to society because, under the circumstances, the person with a disability or the family member can seldom work or engage themselves in something else. Unreal- ized production and contribution is also a hidden cost. Yet when a country, such as Sweden, starts to replace unpaid family members by paid personal assistants, costs that had been unknown and hidden become exact and highly visible public expenditures. Unfortunately, the benefts of personal assistance to individual, family and society are not as easily monetarized: a vastly better and often longer life, higher life satisfaction, increased labor market participation and production, perhaps a family of one’s own, a more active social life. We created the slogan “Nothing about us without us,” which seems very log- ical, so we are using it a lot. Actually, I think it’s wrong. We are a large group. We are directly and indirectly involved in everything. We are children, we are parents, we are consumers, employees. We are victims of war and natural catastrophes. We can be in any group, anytime and anywhere – just like people without disabilities. Therefore, we should demand “Nothing without us.” Period.

Fembek: Coming to the end, any fnal comments you would like to add? Ratzka: Just one thing, about the relationship between the Independent Liv- ing movement and ageing people. In the 1970s we did not want to be treated like the elderly, be put into nursing homes, kept in paternalistic dependence. Today, as we get older ourselves we realize how little self-determination old people with disabilities have, how unnecessarily limited their lives are, how wrong we were in not working together with them for more self-determination regardless of age.

Fembek: Thank you, Mr Ratzka, most sincerely on behalf of the Essl Foundation.

Interview 89 In Flanders (Belgium) institutions are no longer subsidized, and about 30.000 people get a personal budget

In Belgium/Flanders, persons with disabilities can chose to receive a personal assistance budget, which allows them to fully control the support they receive. “Begun in 2015, the Flemish Agency for Persons with a Disability has fully transitioned to a new fnancing system that provides persons with a disability complete control over the way they organize their assistance and care. Institutions will no longer be subsidized. Instead, about 30,000 persons are being transferred to the new fnancing system and they will all have a personal budget beginning 1 January 2017. In response to this new system, more than 200 institutions have begun to re organize their ofer of assistance and care on a demand-driven base, as have the regular welfare sector partners.”

Dirk Vanderstighelen, Vlaams Agentschap voor Personen met een Handicap, Belgium

In the area of accessibility innovation is crucial to keep up with the path of technological development. For example, The European Accessibility Act will tell “What” needs to be accessible in terms of functional requirements but will not impose detailed technical solutions telling “How” to make it accessible, allowing for innovation.

Inmaculada Placencia-Porrero, Deputy Head of Unit for Rights of Persons with Disabilities within the Directorate General for Justice

Independent Living 90 A new practical guide “Taking Charge”

Disability Rights UK provides advice and information on receiving community-care direct payments, creating and individual budget, securing social service funding etc. “We have published a practical guide titled “Taking Charge” for people living with a Full support for deaf women in Yemen disability or health condition. It is an easy-to- follow booklet of around 50 pages to help Since 2014 all the deaf women supported by Al Saeeda have disabled people, their caregiversfamilies to fnished their training period and have received an initial grant know their rights in line with the Care Act. We to start their own businesses. All deaf women receive a sewing have also developed our own resource direc- machine, but only 12 of them from Akhtarn can actually use it tory, which assists a large range of disabled due to power outages in all the cities of Yemen. Consequently, people in fnding regional and local support some now work in handicrafts and in the feld. Unfortunately, and advocacy services.” we lost track of some of our trainees from the Hayfan district, where armed clashes took place. Michael Paul, Disability Rights UK, United Kingdom, Innovative Practice 2015 Manal Al Ashwal, Al Saeeda Association, Yemen Innovative Practice 2015

“The Living Link opened in Cape Town in May 2016 and will be running its first course beginning January 2017. Recognition of The Living Link by The Zero Project on an international stage provides us with extra credibility in terms of what we do and are trying to achieve.” Stanley Bawden, The Living Link, South Africa, Innovative Practice 2015

Second Phase “Growing in Change” started

Members of Next Steps provide individualized support to people with intellectual disabilities, especiall when moving out of institutions. On 29 September 2015 the National Federation published The Jour- ney So Far, which presents the lessons learned to date from the Next Steps Project, which was launched by the Minister of State at the Department of Health, Kathleen Lynch, TD. Following on from that frst phase of the project, the community of learning is now entering its second phase – called ‘Growing in Change’ – with the aim of growing, sustaining, and identifying methods of ensuring that the changes towards individualized support become systemic. Currently, there are 25 organizations involved in this phase.

Alison Harnett, Next Steps Project, National Federation of Voluntary Bodies, Ireland, Innovative Practice 2015

Catalogue of Innovations 91 Franchise for 130 centres since 2015

Partnership in Opportunities for Employment through Technology in the Americas (POETA)-Ac- cessible Centers improve social inclusion and job-readiness. Between 2014 and 2016 we reached nearly 15,000 direct benefciaries by providing training courses, and through access to the centres we reached more than 21,000 indirect benefciaries. We launched the POETA Social “The number of our own members has Franchise memberships in June 2015, and to date 130 centres grown from 805 in 2012 to 1,310 in 2015. have subscribed to the Franchise. But thousands more people with disabilities Maria Liliana Mor, Organisation of have the potential to study, work, and live an American States, Latin America ordinary life.” Helge Olav Haneseth Ramstad, Uloba Independent Living Norway Innovative Practice 2015

Government stopped Proefwonen, but support on regional level

Because of legal risks involved, the Flemish Government decided not to extend the experimental period in which it was possible to accelerate the allocation of social housing for persons with disabilities. As a result, the process unfortunately had to be stopped at 28 successful allocations. A charger between diferent communities with strong local political support in the region of Halle (near Brussels) was signed – a very positive step because it means solidarity among communities to share Joris van Puyenbroeck presented the model of “Proef- resources and support on the regional level. wonen” (“Try out living”) at the Zero Project Klagenfurt Conference in 2015. Joris von Puyenbroeck, Woonwinkel Zennevallei, Belgium

Independent Living 92 VOICES ON THE ZERO PROJECT

The Zero Project Conference is a boiling pot of innovative ideas where committed authorities, organizations representing persons with disabilities, researchers, and service providers meet. It is the ‘Davos’ of our sector!

Luk Zelderloo, European Association of Service Providers (EASPD), Belgium A new Independent Living centre with broad support The Zero Project provides us with a new platform where we can share our knowledge and expertise and where we can exchange information In March 2016 the Independent Living Cen- and network with others. It is a great place to disseminate our small tre in the district of Arnsberg (Kompetenzz- initiative all over the world. entrum Selbstbestimmt Leben) opened with Vashkar Batterjee, fnancial support from the European Social Young Power in Social Action, Bangladesh Fund and the Ministry of Social Afairs. The association MOBILE-Selbstbestim- mtes Leben Behinderter e.V. will build this The Zero Project Conference was very important for me for several competence-centre for independent living reasons. I have met so many people from all over the world who are for a region of 3.5 million people. Accress- dedicated to improving the lives of persons with disabilities, and I have ible advice and information will be ofered received information and have learned so much from the best profes- to people with disabilities to assist them to sionals in the world. shape and manage their own lives. To this Mirjana Lazor, end, peer counselling – that is, counselling Open the Windows, Serbia by qualifed disabled counsellors – is of particular importance.

Birgit Rothenberg, MOBILE- Selbstbestimmtes Leben e.V., Germany Innovative Practice 2015

Last psychiatric unit has closed

Already in 1980, the city of Trieste closed psychiatric hospitals and set up a 24-hour community mental health centres-network. “In 2016 we closed the remaining residential structures and particularly the last three residences for 19 people on the campus of the former psychiatric hospital, and these facilities are now being re-used by the community as schools, public of- fces, etc. Today, the mental health system guarantees the required support for independent living, using personal budgets and other supported accommodation for about 90 people.”

Roberto Mezzina, Mental Health Department & WHOCC, Trieste, Italy, Innovative Practice 2015

Catalogue of Innovations 93 The new BRIDGE training from IFES

The International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) developed the frst Building Resources in Democracy, Governance, and Elections (BRIDGE) training module on disability rights and elections. BRIDGE is a modular professional development programme with a focus on electoral processes. Through BRIDGE’s interactive adult learning meth- odology, election ofcials and disability rights advocates in nine countries have learned together about election access. Successful advocacy led to the Forum for South Asian Election Management Bodies agreeing to adopt common minimum standards for disability-inclusive elections across the region in their Colombo Resolution. IFES also created and maintains ElectionAccess.org, the frst website that serves as a global online clearinghouse with disability-inclusive voter education materials, information on assistive devices for voting, and legislation related to electoral access.

Virginia Atkinson, International Foundation for Electoral Systems A voter from Guatemala United States, Innovative Practice 2015

Two more schools given by the Zimbabwe government

The governance programme carried out in the Mutoko and Mudzi districts of Zimba- Corinna Zolle at the Zero Project – Innsbruck Conference in 2015 bwe’s Mashonaland East province resulted in the organization being given two schools Be the employer of your assistant! by the responsible local authorities, which have since been transformed to become Rhein-Main-Inkusiv ofers an employer model in personal assistance inclusive to children with disabilities. The and encourages them to organize these assistants themselves – even schools are model schools, which other to being the employer of the assistant. Corinna Zolle presented this schools in the operational areas or beyond model in three conferences of the Zero Project in Austria, promoting a should emulate so as to enhance access to key aspect of independent living. educational rights by children with disabilities in pursuance of the United Nations’ Rhein-Main-Inclusiv, Germany Education for All goals. Innovative Practice 2015 Renovations to the two schools have included: improving physical accessibility; enhancing communication accessibility, which has led to the establishment of disa- “I learn much more from these bility clubs, which have the task to educate collaborations than I possibly other children, teachers, and parents on the importance of Inclusive Education; and could on my own. Our parent sign implementing other disability related issues, language curriculum project is an such as sign language and Braille.

Wilson N. Ruvere, Jairos Jiri Association, example of this.” Zimbabwe, Innovative Practice 2015 Joni Oyserman, Signhands, Netherlands

Independent Living 94 Legal documents in easy-read formats

After the success of the Easy Read Individual Employment Agreement, People First New Zea- land has gone on to create more legal documents and forms in ‘Easy Read’ format for people with a learning disability. In 2016 the organization launched an ‘Easy Read Will’ and is about to fnish a collab- orative project with a specialist disability law frm, Auckland Disability Law, to create Easy Read forms Sign language courses in for new clients. Papua New Guinea Alexia Black, People First New Zealand, Ngā Tāngata Tuatahi, New Zealand Since 2008, Callan Services for Disabled Persons has provid- Innovative Practice 2013 ed nationalwide educational and vocational training to children and youths with hearing impairment as well as capacity-building to school teachers in mainstream schools of Papua New Guinea. Sign Language classes at an education unit for children who are deaf in Kiunga are part of the services.

Callan Services for Disabled Persons, Papua New Guinea Innovative Practice 2015

The UBT – an inexpensive tool to make ballot papers accessible to the blind.

Election House, South Africa, Innovative Practice 2015

The story of Bree-Anna

My name is Bree-Anna, and I am from British Columbia, Canada. Due to the physical and developmental challenges that I face, I need assistance with things such as my daily life activities, transportation to college and recreational venues, and voting during elections. I also need assistance with managing my paid support needs. Over ten years ago my parents heard about Vela Microboards. In British Columbia support to set up a Micro- board is available for free through Vela. We thought it was a great idea to manage my supports and services with assistance from family and friends. My parents, along with my brother, a number of our extended family members, and several friends, created a non-proft organization just for me! This is my ‘Microboard’. The members of my Microboard know my wishes, needs, and practical information, such as my favourite foods, so I am sure they will support me to make the best decisions for my life. What I like most about my Microboard is the support that it provides me to do fun things I enjoy, like tubing on the lake in the summer, going out to eat, attending parties, and exploring new adventures together. I am really happy to have people I know and trust helping me to manage my life.

Supported by Vela Microboard in British Columbia, Canada

Catalogue of Innovations 95 IN-DEPTH RESEARCH

Personal Ombudsman and personal budget are two pillars of the Inde- pendent Living Movement, milestones on the road to self-determination. Fotocredit: Linda Haakansson

Independet Living 96 The power of the PO and the personal budget

Sweden is the home-country of two innovations that drive Independent Living worldwide: the Personal Ombudsman (PO) and the personal budget.

COUNTRY: SWEDEN ORGANIZATION: PO SKÅNE AND ENIL, BOTH FROM SWEDEN

It was 1995 when Maths Jesperson realized that the guardianship model for individuals with psychosocial disabilities was profoundly fawed—but that a new paradigm was also possible. As Jesperson recalls, he knew from personal experience that the mental health system was broken. “I was an inpatient in an asylum in 1990 and 1991,” he told the Zero Project. “I left after two years and was in worse condition than when I went it.” After his release, Jesperson got in touch with a retired psychiatrist—who had since repudiated much of his earlier work—who helped him to reintegrate into society.

Another friend, who was also a doctor critical of modern psychiatric practices, theorized that relationships centred on close companionship could help others who were struggling with psychosocial disorders. This was the seed of the Personal Ombudsman (PO) movement, of which Jesperson has been at the forefront for over twenty years. What is crucial, according to this phil- osophical framework, is that those struggling with mental health difculties “need a person—one person—who is very close to them and who is 100 per cent on their side. Not ninety-eight per cent. Not ninety-nine per cent. One hundred percent!”

After his release, Jesperson began developing his own theories about POs. His experiences with others with psychosocial disabilities also helped develop his outlook. To this end, he took a young man with severe psychosocial disabilities into his home as a renter, and had him live with him for a year. The young man had been in a psychiatric hospital for fve years, and was totally unprepared for life on his own. “He had visions all the time,” recalls Jesperson. “I could understand only 15 per cent of what he was talking about. It was really because of him that I began to develop my idea of a personal ombudsman.”

Case-Study 97 The timing was fortuitous. In 1995 the Swedish Government was in the midst of experimenting with overhauling its mental health system, and was considering funding a number of small alternative pilot programmes to work with individuals with severe psychosocial disabilities. Although the government received hundreds of applications for the PO trial project, they only f- nanced ten fnalists. Jesperson’s proposal was one of those chosen few. His organization started with just two POs, with himself as the project manager.

The only element in the psychiatric reform that was a success The small PO project continued its work for a few years. Then, in 2000, Sweden decided to institutionalize the programme. “The Swedish Parlia- ment decided that the results from the pilot programmes were very good,” recalls Jesperson, “that this was the only element in the psychiatric reform that was a real success. Studies showed that in qualitative terms, and even in economic terms, the results were indeed excellent, so Parliament decide to develop it for the whole country.” That same year, Jesperson jointly co- founded a new organization—PO-Skåne (Personal Ombudsman in Skåne)— to help deliver care to individuals in the Skåne region (Sweden’s southern- most county) with severe psychosocial disabilities.

Jesperson has helped institute a special training and qualifcation system for PO-Skåne. As he explains: “In our service all of the POs must have some kind of academic degree related to the job. Many have been trained as social workers, and some have law degrees or something similar. This is not the case for all PO organizations in Sweden. We think that this is important. When they argue on behalf of their clients in the bureaucratic system, POs should be able to argue on an equal basis, and have some knowledge in law.” But there’s also an intangible quality he looks for in POs. “It is more person-

Maths Jesperson (second row, third from left) at the Zero Project Conference in Eisenstadt in 2015.

Independet Living 98 al,” he adds. POs “must have a facility for speaking with individuals with psychosocial disabilities, and like to do it, and not be afraid to speak with them. And that is something that cannot be learned through training.” The role that POs play varies widely—and that is precisely the point. The work of a PO is tailored narrowly around the needs of his or her clients. As Lars-Olof Ljungberg, the current president of PO- Skåne, has said, “Recov- ery is a personal and unique experience . . . no one can arrange a recovery service. What we can do with personal ombudsman and other services is to promote individual recovery.”

Verbal contracts, no ofces, no documentation But there are some very stringent guidelines that Jesperson and PO-Skåne have instituted—all, they believe, in the interests of their clients. First, there are no bureaucratic procedures or documentation creating unnecessary boundaries between POs and their clients. For POs, a verbal contract is enough. If someone says he would like help, the POs immediately begin working with that person. And POs don’t have formal ofces, either—because ofces, PO- Skåne believes, create power imbalances between the PO and the client.

Furthermore, POs adhere to rules of strict confdentiality. “The most important thing in the PO system is that POs are 100 per cent on the side of the client,” Jesperson emphasises. “They have no alliance with psychiatric or social services, or an individual’s family, or with their neighbours. POs are just like a lawyer. Often people who work with those with mental illnesses have a hidden agenda: they talk with the client’s family, around the back of the person who they are supposed to help.” Most importantly, a PO must work 100 per cent on the commission of his client—that is, he or she cannot do anything unless the client explicitly requests it, even if the PO thinks it would be to the client’s beneft. This is the cornerstone of the PO system.

As one might imagine, it can take time—sometimes years—to build up trust between a PO and a client. Diferent people need very diferent things. Some need help with family, friends, or jobs—even in just getting a pet. But no matter what POs do, declares Jesperson, the fundamental premise is that “their clients trust them.” Take the case of Therese B. who works with a PO. At frst, she recalls, it was “very strange” to call the organization. She admits that she’s the kind of person who has a hard time asking others for help. But she had just spent some time in a psychiatric care centre and needed to get back on her feet. “Everything was a mess,” she declares can- didly: “studies, income—everything! I ran out of money and I needed help to guide me in the system.”

Therese’s PO helped her navigate the complexities of the bureaucratic system, which helped solidify the bond between them: “It made me trust him,

Case-Study 99 Currently in Sweden there are over 300 POs – including the twenty employed by PO-Skåne – working with over 6,000 individuals throughout the country.

and I sometimes have a hard time trusting other people, especially when they’re supposed to help me.” Still, she knew she had fnal authority over her Ombudsman: “I felt I had the power to say anything I wanted to him.”

The formal name for this shift, which has been championed by Jesperson and PO- Skåne, is the movement from the old model of “substituted decision-making” to that of “supported decision-making.” According to Jesper- son, supported decision-making means “you don’t take the decision-making away from the person [you’re working with], it remains there, but this person may still need help to express what they want, and to communicate it to others.” The agency of the person is thereby preserved.

As Anna Nilsson, an expert on disability law, has noted, the notion of “substituted decision-making” stems from the conceit that individuals with psychosocial disabilities are unable to understand what is really in their own best interests. According to this guardianship model, “the basic idea is that you appoint a person who takes decisions for the third person. So, if you have a psychosocial disability, the guardian is the one who take all the decisions for you.” Often, however, the long-term efects of this system are not considered, even as studies show that it is deeply destructive to individuals. “Being deprived of all your decision-making authority . . . creates feelings of hope- lessness, of not having any control of your life,” notes Nilsson.

What about the long-term efects of having no decision-making authority? Thanks to the work of Jesperson and other disability advocated, the idea of supported decision-making was implicitly enshrined in the UN Conven- tion on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, especially vis-à-vis Article 12, which deals with “Equal Recognition Before the Law.”

In addition to protecting the human rights of individuals with severe psychosocial disabilities, the PO system has another, quite tangible beneft: it is a major money-saver. Complex empirical number-crunching shows that over a fve-year span the investment in POs lowers per-person healthcare costs by roughly € 80,000. Indeed, for every euro spent by a national or local government on POs, governments receive seventeen euros back in savings.

Independet Living 100 Media Coverage of Maths Jesperson in Sweden.

Currently in Sweden there are over 300 POs—including the twenty employed by PO-Skåne—working with over 6,000 individuals throughout the country. Nearly 85 per cent of all Swedish municipalities employ POs to assist individuals with psychosocial disabilities. By any measure, the programme has been an astounding success. Indeed, smaller, local PO programmes have been set up in neighbouring Finland and Norway as well But Jesperson believes that many more programmes could—and should—be expanded to countries all over the world. Start with a pilot programme, he tells the Zero Project, “to show politicians that it works. You don’t have to build it from scratch. The whole PO system isn’t complicated—it’s very easy.”

When the Zero Project spoke to Jesperson, he had recently returned from Peru, where the legislature there was working on a bill codifying the principle of supported decision-making into the country’s healthcare system. If the bill passes, says Jesperson, Peru’s system will be “the most progressive in the world.” Although there is still a great deal of work to be done spreading the PO gospel, Jesperson’s own journey shows just how far one’s professional objectives—fowing from their personal passions—can become an engine for the public good.

Case-Study 101 A threat to the personal budget

In 1993 the Swedish Parliament passed the Act Concerning Support and Service to Persons with Certain Functional Impairments and the Assistance Beneft Act, which made it the frst country in the world to enshrine the principle of a right to a Personal Assistance Budget (PAB) into national law. By providing disabled people with a monthly sum so they can determine the administration and management of their own care, the PAB allows individuals to determine how they can best create lives that are socially integrated and personally and professionally fulflling.

Here’s how the PAB programme works. The National Social Insurance System transfers funds directly to disabled individuals, who then are able to contract out their care to private or public providers, depending on their preference. In 2013 the rate provided by the state to disabled individuals for the payment of providers was roughly €28 per hour, a living wage. De- pending on an individual’s needs, the PAB can cover expenses for full-time care—even twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week—and sometimes even for more than one personal assistant per individual.

Advocates for the PAB consider it a part of the wider “Independent Living” movement. As defned by the European Network of Independent Living (ENIL), an international NGO based in Sweden, “Independent Living is the daily demonstration of human-rights based disabilities policies . . . which include the opportunity to make real choices regarding where to live, with whom to live, and how to live.” This human rights-centred approach, then, reorients political and policy-related discussions regarding disability around those most afected by these discussions—disabled people themselves.

Savings of €3 billion for the Swedish Government since 1994 The Zero Project spoke with Jamie Bolling, Executive Director of ENIL, from her home in Sweden. ENIL was founded as an informal network during the 1980s, and became a formal NGO during the 1990s, when the PAB movement was spreading rapidly across Europe. For Bolling, the Independent Living philosophy is, at heart, a simple one: “It means just living an ordinary life.” But for disabled people, it is precisely this ordinariness that can prove so elusive, and is so hard-won. Bolling, herself a wheelchair user, under- stands these challenges frst-hand. “I need assistance,” she says. “Other- wise I wouldn’t be able to travel to Brussels for my job. I wouldn’t get out of bed in the morning. I wouldn’t get into my shower… The Personal Assistance programme allows me to work, and be married, and take care of my kid’s dogs. It helps other people get married and have families.”

Independet Living 102 The PAB system not only helps integrate disabled people into society; it has itself become deeply integrated into Sweden’s larger healthcare system and labour market. By 2013, for example, nearly 20,000 Swedes received fscal transfers provided by the government. And in 2014 over 200 local governments ofered personal assistance services, as did roughly 800 private providers. Meanwhile, the PAB system has become an independent economic driver of the healthcare sector, with over 80,000 individuals now employed as personal assistants. It has also simultaneously beneftted Swedish tax- payers: since 1994 the PAB system has saved the government an estimated €3 billion, compared to the costs of the cluster-home-services and municipal-home-helper systems that preceded it.

But for all the moral, social, and fscal successes of the programme, Bolling says she is concerned about declining political support for it (see interview with Adolf Ratzka). Disabled people have had “very decent lives” under the PAB system, but a new generation of politicians doesn’t remember the cost- liness and inefciencies of the old systems of care—systems, she hastens to add, that violate the human rights of disabled people.

Quite on the contrary, Bolling wants the programme to expand to all persons with disabilities; under the current PAB programme, deaf and blind individuals are not included. (They receive other services, but not personal assistance.) Finally, Bolling argues that care needs to be the result of an individualized assessment—that is, that just because someone with, say, a spinal cord injury needs a certain type or amount of care doesn’t mean others with similar injuries will need the exact same thing.

Jamie Bolling, Executive Direktor of ENIL, at the Zero Project Conference in Innsbruck in 2015.

Case-Study 103 THE MODEL OF THE PERSONAL OMBUDSMAN

Independet Living 104 VISUALLY EXPLAINED

Case-Study 105 Disabled persons are informed of their free- Social Indicators of dom to choose, but safeguards are very limited. The choice is Independent Living limited, because the fnance to support social inclusion is not The world map shows the level of sufcient. Independent Living and self-determi- France nation that experts experience, based on questionnaires from more than 150 countries in 2015.

1.7 Best possible 1.8 (all questions are North America Europe answered with “yes”) 1.0 2.2 1.1 1.2 2.3 Asia & Pacifc 1.3 North Africa 1.4 1.5 1.6 Restrictions on the right 2.3 1.7 of persons with mental Sub-Saharan 1.8 2.3 disabilities or mental Africa 1.9 health conditions to Latin America 2.0 vote have been removed & Caribbean 2.1 over the past 15 years 2.2 or so in all jurisdictions 2.3 except Quebec and 2.4 Nunavut. 2.5 2.0 2.6 Canada Oceania 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0

Worst possible Theoretically according to the Disabled Equalization Act (Be- (all questions are hindertengleichstellungsgesetz) sign language is an ofcially answered with “no”) recognized language in the courts. In practice, however, we often experience the fact that the authorities either do not know the regulations or are trying to pass the costs on to third parties.

Independet Living 106 Switzerland The fnancial support (for living independently outside institutions) is dependent on the legal defnition of “considerable disability.” In addition, the granted support is dependent on income and wealth. In practice, the enforcement of the claims is often problematic.

Germany

The disabled in Serbia can receive disability pension, cash compensation for bodily impairment, cash com- In our country there are very few pensation for the assistance and care of other per- translators for persons with a hearing sons and/or compensation for purchasing special aids impairment, so there can be a difculty for reading and writing. In practice, access to these to fnd one, if you need it. rights is not fully covering the eligible. Slovakia Serbia

The sign language is recognised as ofcial language and in courts, people with 1.7 1.8 hearing impair- North America Europe ment have right to translator. 2.2 Macedonia Asia & Pacifc A person with profound disability 2.3 who has a legal guardian may North Africa lose a right to vote.

Japan 2.3 2.3 Sub-Saharan Voting is com- Africa pulsory for all Latin America Singaporeans, & Caribbean disabled or Safeguards (in insti- not. However, tutions to support Singapore has the rights of persons made a reser- with disabilities) do vation on voting exist but they need 2.0 assistence. Family awareness plays to be bolstered by Oceania a large part as to how the implementation Singapore the handicapped person of the UNCRPD in is treated; in extreme order for persons cases the handicapped with disabilities to person is kept out of derive real value sight from the world. from them.

Libya Zimbabwe

Indicators 107 The Zero Project Austria Conferences in 2015

Supported by funding of the PROGRESS-Programme of the European Union, the Zero Project co-organized nine conferences in all nine Austrian provinces, promoting innovative concepts in personal budget, community living, and political participation. Altogether, more than 1,500 people participated, including hundreds of persons with learning difculties and self-representatives.

Graz

Elisabeth Komp, Graz

Graphic facilitation and sign language in Klagenfurt

Klagenfurt

Independet Living 108 Graz

Vorarlberg

Sepp Schellhorn, Salzburg

Salzburg

Conference 109 Linz

Roundtable in Innsbruck

Michaela Moser (moderator of several Conferences)

St. Pölten

Independet Living 110 Vienna

Herbert Pichler (moderator of several Confer- ences), and Martin Essl

Eisenstadt

Conference 111 Article 24 Education

in realizing this right, States Parties shall ensure that: (a) Persons with disabilities are not excluded from the general education system on the basis of disability, and that children with disabilities are not excluded from free and compulsory primary education, or from secondary education, on the basis of disability; (b) Persons with disabilities can access an inclusive, quality and free primary education and secondary education on an equal basis with others in the communities in which they live; (c) Reasonable accommodation of the individual’s requirements is provided; (d) Persons with disabilities receive the support required, within the general education system, to facilitate their efective education; (e) Efective individualized support measures are provided in environments that maximize academic and social development, consistent with the goal of full inclusion.

Excerpt from Article 24 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilites and Optional Protocol (for the full Convention see Annex) INNOVATIONS IN

Education

Focus of the Zero Project 2016 IN-DEPTH RESEARCH

Without education, as a group people with disabilities will always been seen as second-class citizens, and never really be able to claim the rights to all the other aspects of life. The right to education is a gateway to accessing other rights.

Fotocredit: Light for the World

Education 114 Inclusive Education for the children of Burkina Faso

Light for the World runs Inclusive Education programmes in 21 countries. The new approach “One Class For All” changes the education system in Burkina Faso and Ethiopia on a large scale.

COUNTRY: BURKINA FASO AND ETHIOPIA ORGANIZATION: LIGHT FOR THE WORLD

Light for the World has changed the lives of over 10 million peoples—and it’s just getting started. Today, the organization, which was founded in 1988, works in 15 countries on a variety of issues related to disability, education, and community empowerment. And as Light for the World has grown, it has developed innovative new strategies for engaging with, and changing, the societies within which it works. In doing so, it ofers important lessons for how organizations can evolve while staying true to their founding principles.

“Our approach is, on the one hand, development oriented; and on the other hand, it is human rights oriented,” says Rupert Roninger, Light for the World’s Managing Director. “In concrete terms, we have two areas of focus. One is around eye health, and the other is around inclusion and Inclusive Education—the rights of person with disabilities.” To date, Light for the World has helped over 600,000 people receive cataract surgery, among many other life-changing interventions.

As Ms. Nefsa Baboo, Light for the World’s Senior Inclusive Education Advi- sor, told the Zero Project, “A lot of our work is community-based rehabilitation; that is, working on the community level to promote inclusion of persons with disabilities, and also in areas such as education and health. I think, overall, our work is geared towards increasing the social inclusion of individuals with disability.”

Light for the World takes an all-of-the-above, comprehensive approach in its educational and community empowerment programmes for individuals with disabilities. It works with families, communities, local administrators, national governments, as well as international organizations to promote policies linked to social inclusion. It also emphasizes its role as a convener—that is, in bringing together interested parties from all the relevant sectors—to help solve difcult social problems.

Case-Study 115 This focus on social inclusion is part of a larger shift within the organization. As Baboo put it, “I think that over time we have transformed from being more eye-health focused, and this tracks the needs of our benefciates, because the people on the ground are always saying that there are other issues that need to be addressed, that their rights aren’t being honoured, that they need education. Because without education, as a group people with disabilities will always been seen as second-class citizens, and never really be able to claim the rights to all the other aspects of life. The right to education is a gateway to accessing other rights: to employment, to health, all of those things. So I think that our transformation, in a way, is in recognition to the need and demand on the ground.”

Even in poorer countries all children can receive an Inclusive Education The Zero Project spoke to Ronigner and Baboo from Light for the World’s Vienna ofces about its Inclusive Education programmes, which work to ensure that all children—especially those from traditionally marginalized groups such as children with disabilities—receive a quality education. Today, Light for the World overseas 21 Inclusive Education programmes in countries as diverse and geographically disparate as Mozambique, north-east India, and Bolivia, where it works with parents, community members, education professionals, bureaucrats, and politicians to help disabled children attend school, as well as to prepare the educational system itself for the integration of these children. This is a key aspect of their Inclusive Education

In Burkina Faso, for example, a mere 5 per cent of children with disabilities attend school; in Ethiopia the number is as low as 3 per cent.

Education 116 philosophy: that children with disabilities should and can be taught in the same schools as non-disabled children; and that even in poorer countries with limited fnancial resources, all children can receive an education—together. The need for such opportunity is critical. Today there are 58 million children who do not or cannot attend school, and 30 million of them live in sub-Saharan Africa. Further, of all the primary-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa who do not attend school, one out of three has a disability. The issue of poverty is also deeply intertwined with disability, with 80 per cent of the world’s disabled living in poor countries. Without education their opportunities for escaping the cycle of poverty are drastically reduced.

To be sure, the world has made great strides in this area: the number of children of primary education age not in school fell from 102 million in 2000 to 58 million today. But clearly there is much more to be done. And here is where organizations like Light for the World come in. The organization is devoting signifcant resources to its Inclusive Education programmes in general, and to special intensive education programmes—such as its “One Class for All” initiative—to help ensure that children are able to receive an education regardless of their circumstances. Currently, One Class for All is focusing on Burkina Faso and Ethiopia, two countries where Light for the World has been working for over twenty years. In both states, innovative approaches to Inclusive Education for children with disabilities are sorely needed. In Burkina Faso, for example, a mere 5 per cent of children with disabilities attend school; in Ethiopia the number is as low as 3 per cent.

Now 60 instead of 4 children with disabilities go to school in the Garango region Because of its past successes working in Burkina Faso and Ethiopia, and given the willingness and desire of ofcials in those states to pursue Inclu- sive Education policies, Light for the World decided to invest in even more comprehensive programmes there. Thus, in 2009 the organization undertook a pilot programme in the Garango region of Burkina Faso, which helped increase attendance of children with disabilities there from 4 per cent to more than 60 per cent over a fve-year period. The organization then decided to expand its programme to eight regions in Burkina Faso (representing 68 per cent of population) and the three largest regions of Ethiopia (47 per cent of the population). In doing so, the organization was able to further integrate its grassroots work with its national-level policy objectives.

At the level of children, families, and their surrounding environments, One Class for All employs a “community-based rehabilitation” model, which Baboo calls “the backdrop and backbone” of their work. “A lot of our work is on community-based rehabilitation—working on the community level to promote inclusion of persons with disabilities, and also in areas such as education and health,” she says.

Case-Study 117 “Today, we oversea 21 Inclusive Education programmes in countries as diverse and geographically disparate as Mozambique, north-east India, and Bolivia.” Rupert Roniger, Managing Director of Light for the World

Light for the World trains volunteers in the community to conduct disability awareness— usually a parent or family member of a child with a disability, or a local community leader such as a member of a church or mosque. These volunteers go door to door because families often hide children with disabilities due to the stigma that can be associated with it. The One Class for All programme is therefore highly targeted and personalized. With the help of these local community partners, it identifes these previously “hidden” children and devises individually-tailored plans to help them receive the kind of care necessary for them to attend school. On the level of the schools themselves, Light for the World partners with local teachers and administrators to make schools accessible for children with disabilities—say, by installing ramps for wheelchairs—and it trains teachers to adjust their pedagogy to a more inclusive model.

Working bottom-up with schools and top-down with governments at the same time For all of this progress, Light for the World realizes that change has to be simultaneously top-down and bottom-up, and so it also works closely with national and international actors to develop Inclusive Education policies that will alter the overlying national structures. This attention to governance and policy has already borne signifcant fruit. For instance, in Burkina Faso, says Roninger, “government ministers agreed to a new strategy on Inclusive Education, and our colleagues were instrumental in designing it.”

In the end, though, Light for the World sees all the work that it performs as highly integrated and interconnected. “I think what makes us special is that we combine our concrete impact on the lives of people with disabilities on the grassroots level with work on the policy and advocacy level,” says Roninger.

Beyond the important human rights objectives as enumerated in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Sustainable De- velopment Goals, the One Class for All programme has a number of impor-

Education 118 Light for the world undertook a pilot programme in the Garango region of Burkina Faso, which helped increase attendance of children with disabilities there from 4 per cent to more than 60 per cent over a fve- year period. Case-Study 119

Fotocredit: Claude Kane / Light for the World tant external benefts as well. One of these relates to the economic benefts that come with Inclusive Education. For example, studies show that up-front investment in such education actually saves welfare costs, as disabled individuals with an education are more likely to enter the workforce. More- over, placing disabled children in school (and later in employment) allows for caregivers—who are generally family members, and disproportionately women—to themselves re-enter the workforce.

When education is made more inclusive, there are a number of other important external benefts that result. One is related to the quality of the overall education system. Indeed, says Roninger, “If we manage to get children with disabilities into schools, we have seen that the overall quality of education increases.” An “ability-oriented” approach to education, then, benefts all learners, not just disabled ones. Furthermore, there is a larger difuse beneft to Inclusive Education in that it trains societies to be more accepting of diference in general—something that is crucial in places like Ethiopia, which contains over 80 ethno-linguistic groups.

Through the One Class For All programme, Light for the World has set itself ambitious goals for 2018: to train more than 1,000 teachers in over 100 schools in Inclusive Education techniques, and to provide education to over 40,000 children with disabilities. The organization also wants to create a scalable model that will help it expand the programme to other states in the region.

“It is not just about getting bums on seats.” That said, Light for the World knows there is a great deal more work to be done. As Baboo notes, getting disabled children to school is merely the frst—but undoubtedly critical—step in a larger process. “We’ve looked at access to education and to increasing enrolment,” she says, “but our obligation now in view of the UN’s new Sustainable Development Goals related to education is ensuring an equitable quality education, and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all. So the job is even bigger. It’s not just about getting bums on seats—you have to make sure children are learning!”

In order to deepen its commitment to Burkina Faso and Ethiopia, and to expand its programme to other sub-Saharan countries, Light for the World is currently seeking to raise €10 million. But for all the challenges that lie ahead, and all the work that the organization and its regional partners know awaits them, they are still fundamentally optimistic about the opportunities for spreading Inclusive Education across the developing world.

Speaking with the Zero Project, Baboo was quick to point out that she often fnds that, contrary to Western media stereotypes about Africa, “there’s a lot more openness to diversity, in fact, in the countries in which we work. In

Education 120 “If we manage to get children with disabilities into schools, we have seen that the overall quality of education increases.”

lots of European and other countries, the idea of segregated education is still very popular for children with disabilities. That commitment—of seeing everyone as important, the idea that all of us belong in school—is often lacking in more developed countries. We could learn a lot from countries like South Sudan, Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Mozambique, and Bolivia. There’s a lot more creativity and solution-oriented approaches in places where there are very little resources.”

Speaking of her admiration for Light for the World’s partners in the region, Baboo recalls that “one of the things I like about Burkina Faso is that when you speak with people, they often say “pas de probleme”—no problem! There’s a willingness there to do things.” Light for the World, it seems, em- bodies this same spirit of innovation and openness to trying new things in the service of shared goals. Through its collaboration with Burkina Faso and Ethiopia, Light for the World—and its One Class for All initiative—is helping to make Inclusive Education for all children with disabilities a reality worldwide.

Case-Study 121 THE ONE CLASS FOR ALL - MODEL OF LIGHT FOR THE WORLD

Education 122 VISUALLY EXPLAINED

Case-Study 123 Special Olympics Unifed Sports in Turkey: more cities, more clubs

Special Olympics Turkey began ofering the Special Olympics Unifed Recreation model with one team sport (football) and then added two more team sports (basketball and volleyball). It also attracted four more cities (for a total of 10) and four more professional clubs (also for a total of 10) that are implementing the project model. By mid-2016, Special Olympics Turkey had recruited 900 participants between the ages of 8 and 15. The age is being extended to 15 so that two age groups are covered now: 8–11 and 12–15. The initiative received a boost from Special Olympics Turkey Honorary-Chair Dilek Sabanci, who invested in the development of the Unifed concept.

Martha Jo Braycich, Special Olympics Unifed Sports, Turkey, Innovative Practice 2016

Additonal children getting support

Health and Human Services has made the frst holistic revision and “The KiVa programme complete reorganization of the Head Start Programme Performance Standards since they were originally published in 1975, efective start- is now available in ing November 2016. Under the new standards, services for children 11 countries as well as with disabilities have been strengthened. They recognize that some children with delays may not be eligible for the Individuals with Dis- in the European school abilities Education Act but may beneft from additional supports and network operating in services. several countries.” Blanca Enriquez, Department of Health and Human Services, United States, Innovative Policy 2016 Christina Salmivalli, Professor of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland, Innovative Practice 2016

Education 124 THE POWER OF INNOVATION

All ideas and practices tend towards decay. Even today’s orthodox- ies will tend to ossify. Thus, it is critically important to be open and receptive to entirely new ways of imagining reality. Having the space to compare diferent approaches and innovation is inspiring and a cor- rective to the closure of the policy imagination. It is like a rust solvent that keeps the hinges of the mind open to new possibilities.

Gerard Quinn, National University of Galway, Ireland

Assistive technology For me, innovation means fnding new paradigms to solve social problems that are scalable, thus ofering new opportunities for social going national change in the feld of disabilities. I believe one of the biggest challenges ahead is the rapidly growing The Tanzania League of the Blind works number of people with disabilities as people live longer due to devel- on integrating accessible technology in the opments in science. We are going to have to fnd ways to help these national education system. people to remain independent within their community settings with the One of the government authorities respon- supports that they need. sible for regulating communication in Tanza- In an era of growing needs and scarce resources, we all want to have nia identifed four schools enrolling children maximum impact, and the Zero Project platform has connected us with visual impairments – two primary and with like-minded partners to share methodologies of scaling-up inno- two secondary – and supplied them with 10 vations that we and others are testing and implementing. computers and an Internet connection. Another project that involved assistive Jean Jaudes, Beit Issie Shapiro, Israel technology training under the direction of Sightsavers, the Tanzania League of the Social innovation is the process that makes use of tools, knowledge Blind, and the Tanzania Education Authority and experience to create new solutions to various challenges of social was carried out successfully. reality. In an increasingly fast-paced world, innovation is the commit- However, a third project, which focused ment to move forward and to improve. on integrating ICT in education curricula through assistive technology, was not Lourdes Marqez, ONCE Foundation, Spain implemented. It would have translated screen-readers into Swahili-speaking syn- thesizers.

Jonas Lubago, Tanzania League of the Blind Innovative Practice 2016

For too long, organizations, social structures and practises have been designed for people with what have come to be understood as “normal” levels of ability to walk, lift, hold, see, hear, speak, think, feel, remember, empathise and so on. In- cluding disabled people, as is required by the CRPD, therefore demands and gen- erates social, technical and idealogical innovations – innovations often benefting many people and organizations other than those who happen to be disabled. The Zero Project has a key role to play in giving credit to, and disseminating information about, exciting and exemplary innovations from which we can all learn.

Anna Lawson, Professor of Law and Director of the Centre for Disability Studies, University of Leeds, United Kingdom

Catalogue of Innovations 125 From the Pacifc to Ethiopia

Vocies for Pacifc Children with Disabilities” develops simple and efective tools using ICT for children to express and communicate their life priorities, for example cameras. “The tools developed in this project are now being adopted in a variety of countries, including Ethiopia and Cambodia, by international development agencies such as the Women’s Refugee 20 districts are fully inclusive Council and the CBM/Nossal Institute for Global Health (for Ghana’s Inclusive Education Policy provide a more harmonized and UNICEF). strategic approach to rollout inclusive education throughout Ghana. We can also report that there For the moment we have 20 districts that are fully practicing Inclusive have been potential collabo- Education in all their schools, with support from UNICEF. This is in rations with various sectors in addition to 529 schools in 34 districts throughout the country that South Africa and the Solomon have also been practicing Inclusive Education.” Islands. In addition, our innovative use of flm as a dissemination Anthony Boateng, Ghana Education Service tool (to share the method and Innovative Policy 2016 fndings of the research) has been covered in various global, urban, regional, and online events, such as the Papua New Guinea Human Rights Film “Reasonable accommodations can be Festival, TEDx (Sydney, Austral- ia), International Day of Persons individualized with our new project, with Disability (New York), DFAT but because the instrument is not (Canberra, Australia), UN 8th Conference to State Parties for obligatory for all teachers, its impact is CRPD (New York), and regional limited to those teachers who choose locations in Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea.” to use it.” Elena Jenkin and Erin Wilson, Hugo Van de Veire, VCLB Gent, Belgium Deakin University, Australia, Innovative Practice 2016 e-books for vocational subjects

What we planned was an experimental project, and it turned into a model that is going to be implemented by many schools. We are working to create e-books for other vocational subjects. The school that cooperated in this project (I.I.S.S. Einau- di-Chiodo from La Spezia) is building a network of schools in order to scale-up the project across the country, and the regional government is supporting this process. Also, other schools in Italy have begun to follow this idea, and we are now cooperat- ing with them to build their own vocational content as Multi-Touch e-book.

Ugo Falace, Centro Leonardo Education Srl, Italy, Innovative Practice 2016

Education 126 “The first three centres for the Inclusive More than 100.000 Education of children with disabilities in children reached Viet Nam were founded recently. ICEVI, jointly with the World Blind Union, lanched an inclusive edu- Approximately 1,000 children with disabili- cation campaign in India, ties have received support, and hundreds of “Our current campaign has reached over 110,000 children teachers and school managers have been with visual impairments, and trained in disability.” more than 120,000 teachers and parents have been trained in the Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy, Medical Committee Netherlands–Viet Nam 30 participating countries.” Innovative Practice 2016 M. N. G. Mani, International Council for Education of People with Visual Impairment (ICEVI), India, Innovative Practice 2016

A frst in the Western Cape area

Athena is mobile VET College targeting persons with disabilities in poverty-stricken rural areas. “Our current project is a frst for Persons With Disabilities in all of these Western Cape areas, mentioned and is creating massive disability sensitisation and awareness in workplaces.”

Susan Dippenaar, Athena Private College, South Africa, Innovative Practice 2014 “Itinerant teachers achieved 81 per cent success rate for their children”

Handicap International is using the Itinerant Teacher model in Togo whereby teachers with disability-specifc skills are assigned to primary schools in various villages and work alongside mainstream teachers. “Last year 81 per cent of the children who were supported by itinerant teachers passed the end of school exams, which is higher than the average pass mark for all children.”

Julia McGeown, Handicap International, United Kingdom Innovative Practice 2016

Catalogue of Innovations 127 Infuencing the legal framework in 14 countries of the Pacifc

Monash University develops the Pacifc Indicators for Disabiity Inclu- sive Education (Pacifc INDIE). “The work completed in our Pacifc INDIE project is being used in developing the Pacifc Regional Framework on Inclusive Education. It is jointly endorsed by two regional bodies: the Pacifc Islands Forum Secretariat and the Pacifc Disability Forum. The Framework will be presented to the Education Ministers of all 14 Pacifc countries for their endorsement, and subsequently it will be used across the Pacifc to guide the development of Inclusive Education in the region. The project is infuencing disability and Inclusive Education policies of the Pacifc region. The project produced 48 Inclusive Education indicators, and most countries of the region will adopt 12 core indicators to report their implementation progress.”

“Our portal has 2,000 Umesh Sharma, Monash University, Australia visitors every month Innovative Practice 2016 from all countries within the region where the Serbian language “Unfortunately, our advocacy and is understood. The sensitisation in favour of refugee number of students, children with disabilities to access teachers, and parents education is still encountering who use the platform resistance at all levels of deci- for e-learning is con- sion-making due to the mind-set stantly growing.” of the people involved, including Mirjana Lazor, Elementary and Secondary parents, teachers, school ad- Boarding School Milan Petrovic, Serbia, Innovative Practice 2016 ministrators, and government authorities.” Angelo Ebengo Muzaliwa, Rwanda Another 220 books made fully accessible

Young Power in Social Action (YPSA) produces and distributes books in various accessible formats. YPSA is currently con- verting another 40,000 pages of some 220 titles to accessible formats for student of the higher secondary and university level, in collaboration with the Accessible Book Consortium, the World Intellectual Property Organization, and the Australian Agency for International Development. Some 150 youth with visual disabilities have received Android reading devices with English and Bangla Text-To-Speech software for reading books. The National Curriculum and Textbook Board of Bangladesh is going to produce 900 sets of Braille books for grades 1–10 by using our accessible e-books for the 2017 academic year. “Through our continuous advocacy, the Bangladesh government has established six e-labs in various government-run schools for the blind, beneftting some 300 students who are now able to read accessible books by using these facilities. The Disability Rights Fund has become an advocacy partner of YPSA and the disabled persons’ organization Sitakund to provide advocacy so as to ensure accessible books for people with print disability in Bangladesh.”

Vashkar Bhattacharjee, Young Power in Social Action, Bangladesh, Innovative Practice 2016

Education 128 VOICES ON THE ZERO PROJECT

It is difcult to achieve Inclusive Education if other education issues are not addressed. Through our presentations and the Zero Project’s highlighting of our achievements, other countries are now planning to visit so we can and share our experiences with them.

Lenin Moreno (right) with Michael Fembek Rhoda Enchil, British Council, Ghana

“We need to create Since its beginning, the many innovative policies and practices pre- academies and insti- sented by the Zero Project have been a source of inspiration to us and have encouraged new ways of thinking and acting in our organization. tutions of science and Karin Astegger, Lebenshilfe Salzburg, Austria technology that come up with technology The Zero Project inspired our initiatives, which then led to greater recognition of our organization, thus further enhancing its expertise and for people with limited credibility. This, in turn, has resulted in an increase in our members as resources such as the well as ensuring the quality of the services that we provide. disabled, instead of Banane Nafeh, Disability Rights UK more expensive toys for The participation of many persons with disabilities at the Zero Pro- rich kids.” ject Conference was very impressive. It made it very clear to us that we have to make these people part of our own team, and we have to Lenin Moreno, Special Envoy of the UN encourage them to participate in our policy reform eforts. Secretary General on Disability and Accessibility (until 2016), Ecuador Hugo Van de Veire, VCLB Regio Gent, Belgium

Pushing for Inclusive Education policies in Afghanistan

The aim of the Swedish Committee for Afghanistan (SCA) provides services supporting Inclusive Education for more than 80.000 children. SCA has successfully pushed for the inclusion of an Inclusive Education policy in the National Educa- tion Strategic Plan (2015–2020). Further, our former community rehabilitation development centres and sub-centres have been converted to preparatory education and rehabilitation centres and village preparatory education centres, respectively. This change recognizes the essence of early childhood education and development – a phenomenon that barely exists in Afghanistan. In addition to advocating for an Inclusive Education policy, SCA has helped to get the implementation guidelines of the policy adopted, thus holding the government responsible for responding to the educational needs and rights of children with disabilities, girls, and Kuchi (nomadic children) as well as persons with disabilities in general. Currently 2,892 youth (among them 1,085 girls) are under preparatory education.

Joseph Evans, Swedish Committee for Afghanistan, Innovative Practice 2016

Catalogue of Innovations 129 Teaching universal design to students

The university project aims to promote knowledge on universal design principles in ICT among students. “Student enrolment for the Master’s programme in Universal Design of Information and Communication Technology continues to grow: from 20 students in 2015 to 29 in 2016. As of autumn 2016 the programme is also ofered on a part-time basis, aimed at accommodating working professionals.”

Weiqin Chen, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway, Innovative Practice 2016

Getting buy-in for our educational approach is tricky, despite it being a best practice since the 1950s. Cultural resistance is strong from people with direct and indirect links to hearing difficulties who prefer to protect the existing system despite drives by parents towards progressive education practices. Caroline Carswell, Sound Advice, Ireland, Innovative Practice 2016

Parliamentarians discussing Inclusive Education THE IMPORTANCE AND CHALLENGES OF Through the Ministry of Educa- INNOVATION tion, the Government of Ghana launched a national Inclusive Innovation is not invention. It’s doing things in a diferent way, without Education policy in May 2016, being afraid to fail. People with disabilities are not heroes, they just bringing together over 300 use their creativity to overcome everyday obstacles in an innovative stakeholders across the coun- way. Thus, they become a source of inspiration for the rest of society. try, including chiefs, pastors, non-governmental organizations, Maria Tussy-Flores, ONCE Foundation, Spain civil society organization, district assembly executives, the media, The challenge is to change negative societal attitudes against per- and development partners. Oth- sons with disabilities. The challenge is the implementation of the right ers include representatives from to Inclusive Education and employment, resulting in full participation in the Ministry of Gender and Social the community. Policy, Ghana Health Service, and universities as well as parents Helga Fasching, University of Vienna, Austria and students. Upstream work has been encour- By “Global Citizenship” I mean that we learn from diferent cultures, aging. Parliamentarians are now we share values together, and when I return home from travelling, discussing Inclusive Education I spread the word about how very similar we all are in terms of our issues, and the programme is be- values despite the geographical distance between us. ing scaled-up across the country

Rana Matar, King‘s Academy, Jordan Agnes Arthur, Ministry of Education, Ghana, Innovative Policy 2016

Education 130 VOICES ON THE ZERO PROJECT

Specialisterne has been accepted by the Zero Project as an Innova- tive Project, and I had the privilege to share our experiences with an international audience. I am impressed by the scale and impact of the Zero Project. In a globally connected world we can create amazing results with such platforms.

Thorkil Sonne, Specialisterne, Denmark/United States

In 2013, Youth Transition Program was named one of the 10 best international practices for “Employment Support for People with Disa- Conference on inclusive bilities” by the European Association of Service Providers for Persons science outreach with Disabilities. We believe this is directly related to the recognition we received through the Zero Project Report and Conference. Since 2012, Ciencia sin Barreras promotes Lauren Lindstrom, University of Oregon – Paths 2 the Future science education for people with disabil- Innovative Practice 2013 and 2017 ities and others who normally have little access to it. “In 2016 we have been awarded a Euro- The UN CRPD has changed the mind-set of key players such that dis- pean Geosciences Union Public Outreach ability is now understood as a social model and governments are held grant to develop a feldtrip for blind people to account to implement the convention. together with the Spanish National Associ- Johanna Mang, ation of Blind People. We have also grown Light for the World, Austria to include groups of other scientists as part of the team, and we are working to organize the second conference on inclusive science The Zero Project Conference radiates a special culture and atmos- outreach.” phere that makes it easy to get in contact with participants from many parts of the world via direct and informal exchange. The event is an Miguel Gomez-Heras, Ciencia sin Barreras, excellent example of how barriers can be avoided in the frst place Spain, Innovative Practice 2016 and how bridges are built.

Jan-Wulf Schnabel, Drachensee Stiftung, Germany

“The biggest achievement in our opinion is the incredible engage - ment of teachers and students. Usually, teachers in vocational schools are exposed to a difficult environment, but thanks to this project they were able to engage their students like never before. We believe this is also due to the fact that students clearly understood that their teachers were working very hard to make learning more accessible for them and they respected this very much.” Ugo Falace, Centro Leonardo Education, Italy

Catalogue of Innovations 131 IN-DEPTH RESEARCH

J. K. Rowling, renowned Author of the Harry Potter-series and founder of the Lumos Foundation, with a girl from Moldova that has been returned from an institution to her family. Fotocredit: James O Jenkins / Lumos

Education 132 Getting children out of institutions and into families

Lumos Foundation is at the helm of bringing children in Moldova – but also increasingly in other countries in Eastern Europe and worldwide – out of institutions and into family care.

COUNTRY: MOLDOVA ORGANIZATION: LUMOS FOUNDATION

J. K. Rowling just couldn’t look away. Rowling, the renowned author of the Harry Potter series, was reading the newspaper one day when she saw an image of a very young boy behind bars, “efectively being kept in a cage,” as she recalls in a recent interview. But the boy wasn’t in a detention cell or in jail: he was in an orphanage. He was a prisoner who had committed no crime. Viscerally disturbed by the image, Rowling turned the page. But she stopped and reconsidered. No, she thought, she had a duty to learn more. She fipped back, and read about the dilapidated conditions in orphanages across Europe, and the abuses children faced in them. And Rowling’s life— and the lives of thousands, and perhaps millions, of children—would never be the same again.

In 2010, Rowling founded Lumos (named after a magic spell from the Potter series), an international charity and NGO devoted to fundamentally transforming the so-called orphanage system. Lumos is sceptical of the term “orphanage” because, out of the estimated 8 million children in such institutions all over the world (there are 1 million in Europe alone), studies show that roughly 80 per cent aren’t orphans at all. The vast majority of children have parents or relatives who could care for them directly; most would be thrilled to take their children home, if they had the opportunity to do so. As Rowling recalls, she found these statistics staggering. “What was amazing to me,” she says, “is when I frst began fnding out about these issues, I thought, ‘How could 8 million children be going through this and we don’t know?’ These children are so voiceless—they are literally hidden from sight—that in fact 8 million may be a conservative estimate. There may be more children taken from families that we don’t know about.”

There are several common reasons children are institutionalized. One driver—the “overwhelming” one, says Rowling, is poverty. “Parents who may

Case-Study 133 literally be starving are told, ‘put your child in institution, we’ll feed him’. But in doing so, they often deliver their children over to far less healthful environments than the ones they are leaving behind.

Still many parents are advised by healhtcare specialists that the best place for their child is the institution A second driver of institutionalization is disability. Across much of the developing world there is very little specialized care for individuals with disabilities. Young parents are told that if they want any care for their special-needs children, they must to institutionalize them. “Many are advised by healthcare professionals that the institution is the best place for their child,” says Rowling in the same interview, “that the State knows better than parents how to care for children. In many communities, there is no inclusive education and, if parents want their child to go to school, the only choice is an institutional placement.”

As Quigley recalls, “One of things we’ve talked about in our relationship with Zero Project has been promoting the importance of children with disabilities in the whole Lumos agenda. If you’re a child with a disability, you’re much more likely to end up in an institution.’ But what we know is, when you work with parents of children with disabilities, when you work with healthcare professionals and social workers, when you work with educators, you can create a fully inclusive society where children are not placed in institutions.”

Perhaps even more disturbing, however, is the fact that in some states there are perverse economic incentives that encourage the placement of children in orphanages, which unscrupulous actors use to their advantage. Take the

All told, Lumos has trained over 15,000 healthcare professionals and social workers, and moved 12,000 children from large institutions back to their families.

Education 134 case of Haiti. Since the 2010 earthquake, the number of children in orphanages there has increased by 700 per cent. But according to studies, 80 per cent of these children have at least one living parent. In Haiti, profteers known as “child fnders” convince parents to institutionalize their children, because orphanages receive $6,000 in foreign aid for each individual lodged there. This is tantamount to child trafcking.

The costs of institutionalization are high, in dollar as well as human terms. Sending children to orphanages can harm them irreparably. As Georgette Mulheir, the CEO of Lumos, has observed in prior speeches, there is no sub- stitute for the special interactive bond between children and their caregivers. “This forming of powerful attachment between child and parent,” she says, “provides the building blocks for physical, social, language, cognitive, and psychomotor development. It is the model for all future relationships: with friends, with partners, and with their own children.”

Children from orphanages are 40-times as likely to have a criminal record The data on the subject is deeply disquieting. Studies show that children from orphanages are six-times more likely to have been abused; they are 10-times more likely to become prostitutes; they are 40-times more likely to have a criminal record; and 500-times more likely to commit suicide.

Lumos also believes that there are obvious fscal incentives for abandoning the orphanage model. For example, while shifting away from large-scale institutionalization is not cost-free, studies show that it is in fact less expensive to redirect funds towards family support (for those children with parents or other caretakers) than to continue funding large-scale orphanages. Indeed, according to one study, the cost of supporting a child at home is only 10 per cent that of institutionalization, while quality small-scale foster care (say, for children with severe disabilities or without caretakers) costs roughly 30 per cent what large-scale orphanages often do.

Lumos believes it can help fundamentally alter this dynamic. “Placing children into orphanages is a choice, and not a necessity,” says Rowling. “It is preventable and reversible.” Lumos argues that institutionalization can be made obsolete in Europe by 2030, and globally by 2050. Rowling is careful to note that Lumos’s strategy is, frst, to fnd local actors already doing the difcult work of reforming the orphanage and care systems in their own countries. “We are not moving into countries and saying, ‘Let us show you how it’s done,’” she notes. “We are walking into places and working with experts who know the system’s wrong. But they don’t have the money, and they don’t have the clout, and maybe they aren’t connected with the people who can change systems.” Here, she believes, is where Lumos can help.

Case-Study 135 “Placing children into orphanages is a choice, and not a necessity.” J. K. Rowling

When the Zero Project spoke to Quigley about the organization’s strategy, he emphasized its “all-of-the-above” approach: “We work all the way from the child up to the international organization. And that’s absolutely key, because the child has to be central to the process. Understanding the needs of each child, only in doing that are you able to create a system that works for all children. And that’s the problem with institutional systems—there’re not individual. It’s a mass warehousing of children that cannot meet their individual needs.”

Lumos has put special focus on Eastern European countries, such as Bul- garia and the Czech Republic. It works with individual governments—as well as international organizations, such as the United Nations and European Union—to create parallel systems of care that are tailored to children’s individual needs. All told, Lumos has trained over 15,000 healthcare professionals and social workers, and moved 12,000 children from large institutions back to their families. The organization has also saved the lives of over 450 malnourished children living in dire housing conditions.

The number of children in Moldova in institutions has decreased by 70 per cent The organization’s experience in Moldova, the poorest country in Europe, deserves special attention. “In Moldova children with disabilities were until quite recently sent away to residential institutions for an ‘education,’” Quig- ley recalls. “They weren’t really getting an education. They weren’t really in schools, as we would recognize them. But working with the Moldovan government, we helped put together a really fantastic inclusive education system, which is now being rolled-out across the whole country.” Starting in 2009, Lumos began working with the Moldovan government to pass legislation and create new regulations governing the foster care system. It brought Moldovan politicians and experts to the United Kingdom to learn how the UK organized and regulated its own foster system. Over a six-year timespan, it has helped decrease the number of institutionalized children by 70 per cent. Lumos donors helped fund “small group homes” in Moldova to replace decrepit old orphanages. These new homes focus on individualized attention and care, and encourage the eventual integration of children back into society.

Education 136 The delegation of Lumos Foundation Moldova at the Zero Project Conference 2015, receiving the Award from Martin Essl and Jakob von Uexküll. In the middle: Georgette Mulheir, director of the Lumos Foundation.

Consider the story of Olga, who was once forced to live in a large institutional home for orphans: “When I was taken there,” she recalls, “I started to cry. I wanted to go home, but nobody picked me up. I just stayed there. We were all dressed in the same clothes. We had no personality. No one was treated as an individual, as someone special. Our hair was cut short. We had no will—we just did what they said, and our words had no value.” Olga was eventually placed in a new Lumos-sponsored facility, which she describes as “wonderful.” “I would have never dared to dream of having brothers and sisters,” she says. “Now I have dreams of my own for the future, and I even think about having my own family, of forming a family and continuing my studies, and in helping others in turn.”

In Moldova, Lumos has also built “special education centres” for children with disabilities. This has made it possible for families to reunite with their loved ones, as children can now live at home and receive the kind of care they need during the day. This can be a life-changing experience for many families. Take the case of Viorica, who has a special needs child, a boy with a severe disability. As Viorica recalls, when her son was very small doctors told her that the boy needed to go to a special needs facility. As she recalls, she asked the doctor: “Where is that school? Just tell me where and I will fnd it.” But the doctor didn’t know. So her son was institutionalized. Now, thanks to Lumos, roughly 150 Moldovan children like Viorica’s have been reintegrated with their families.

Case-Study 137 THE LUMOS MODEL OF DEINSTUTIONALIZATION

Education 138 VISUALLY EXPLAINED

Case-Study 139 Whenever there is a budget cut to education, Education which happens every federal and provincial budget, services and supports for those of us with disabilities are the frst to be cut. We’ve had programs for children with Autism cut at a day’s Indicators notice with those children having nowhere else to go for therapy, social interaction or learning opportunities. “Special Education” supports have The worldmap shows how experts been cut or eliminated. experience the level of Inclusive Canada Education for children with disabilities, based on questionnaires completed by experts from more than 130 countries in 2015.

1.5 Best possible North America (all questions are 1.9 answered with “yes”) Europe 1.0 2.2 1.1 1.2 Asia & Pacifc Schools lack the personnel and fnancial 2.3 1.3 funding to implement quality programs. North Africa 1.4 Students are “allowed” the option to 1.5 attend school of choice or with peers 1.6 but availability of support services and 2.3 1.7 educational options varies widely. Sub-Saharan 1.8 2.2 Africa 1.9 USA Latin America 2.0 & Caribbean 2.1 2.2 Generally these rights pretty well pro- 2.3 tected under Individuals with Disabilities 2.4 Education Act (IDEA). Some unevenness 2.5 from one state to another in how much 1.9 2.6 is budgeted for reasoble accommoda- Oceania 2.7 tions etc. in public schools. Attitudes of 2.8 individual teachers or school administra- 2.9 tors can sometimes be frustrating to deal 3.0 with, though there are usually processes to challenge these issues. Worst possible (all questions are DPI Member; United States Intertiol answered with “no”) Council on Disabilities (USICD), USA

Education 140 So far, there is no university in Indonesia ofers their students with disability an alternative testing methods. The students with disabilities should “We have mainstreamed our schools, but our have the same testing methods with other stu- teachers do not have the skills to teach all children – dents who without disability. including children with disabilities – in one classroom. Some NGOs are trying to provide a Indonesia model for the government to follow.”

Cambodia There are some universities that make accommodations on a case to case basis. Instead of written exams, for instance, one can take oral exams. Some universities have special college programs for the deaf that have teaching and testing methods designed to ft the students' needs.

Philippines

1.5 North America 1.9 Only approximately Europe 0.4% of children with 2.2 the highest needs Asia & Pacifc attend a special 2.3 school. The Ministry North Africa has a signifcant work programme to lift 2.3 teacher capability. 2.2 Sub-Saharan Ministry of Education, Africa New Zealand Latin America & Caribbean

1.9 Students with disability continue to be placed in ‘special Oceania schools’ throughout Australia, despite the fact the education and economic outcomes for students with disability who attend these special schools are lower than the outcomes for Most universities have a Disability students who receive a more inclusive mainstream educa- Action Plan and it is in their best tion. Moreover, many students with disability in mainstream interest to report fgures as this schools are largely confned to ‘special classes or units’. relates to their funding.

Australia Australia

Indicators 141 FURTHER INFORMATION

Annex

Facts and fgures of the UN CRPD and the Zero Project Resarch 2013–2016 The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Preamble (h) Recognizing also that discrimination rights and fundamental freedoms on an against any person on the basis of disability equal basis with other children, and recalling The States Parties to the present Conven- is a violation of the inherent dignity and worth obligations to that end undertaken by States tion, of the human person, Parties to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, (a) Recalling the principles proclaimed in the (i) Recognizing further the diversity of per- Charter of the United Nations which recog- sons with disabilities, (s) Emphasizing the need to incorporate a nize the inherent dignity and worth and the gender perspective in all eforts to promote (j) Recognizing the need to promote and equal and inalienable rights of all members the full enjoyment of human rights and protect the human rights of all persons with of the human family as the foundation of fundamental freedoms by persons with disabilities, including those who require more freedom, justice and peace in the world, disabilities, intensive support, (b) Recognizing that the United Nations, in (t) Highlighting the fact that the majority of (k) Concerned that, despite these various the Universal Declaration of Human Rights persons with disabilities live in conditions of instruments and undertakings, persons with and in the International Covenants on Human poverty, and in this regard recognizing the disabilities continue to face barriers in their Rights, has proclaimed and agreed that critical need to address the negative impact participation as equal members of society everyone is entitled to all the rights and free- of poverty on persons with disabilities, and violations of their human rights in all doms set forth therein, without distinction of parts of the world, (u) Bearing in mind that conditions of peace any kind, and security based on full respect for the (l) Recognizing the importance of interna- (c) Reafrming the universality, indivisibility, purposes and principles contained in the tional cooperation for improving the living interdependence and interrelatedness of Charter of the United Nations and obser- conditions of persons with disabilities in all human rights and fundamental freedoms vance of applicable human rights instruments every country, particularly in developing and the need for persons with disabilities to are indispensable for the full protection of countries, be guaranteed their full enjoyment without persons with disabilities, in particular during discrimination, (m) Recognizing the valued existing and armed conficts and foreign occupation, potential contributions made by persons (d) Recalling the International Covenant on (v) Recognizing the importance of accessi- with disabilities to the overall well-being and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the bility to the physical, social, economic and diversity of their communities, and that the International Covenant on Civil and Political cultural environment, to health and education promotion of the full enjoyment by persons Rights, the International Convention on the and to information and communication, in en- with disabilities of their human rights and Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimi- abling persons with disabilities to fully enjoy fundamental freedoms and of full participa- nation, the Convention on the Elimination of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, tion by persons with disabilities will result in All Forms of Discrimination against Women, their enhanced sense of belonging and in (w) Realizing that the individual, having the Convention against Torture and Other signifcant advances in the human, social and duties to other individuals and to the com- Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or economic development of society and the munity to which he or she belongs, is under a Punishment, the Convention on the Rights of eradication of poverty, responsibility to strive for the promotion and the Child, and the International Convention observance of the rights recognized in the on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant (n) Recognizing the importance for persons International Bill of Human Rights, Workers and Members of Their Families, with disabilities of their individual autonomy and independence, including the freedom to (x) Convinced that the family is the natural (e) Recognizing that disability is an evolving make their own choices, and fundamental group unit of society and concept and that disability results from the is entitled to protection by society and the interaction between persons with impair- (o) Considering that persons with disabilities State, and that persons with disabilities ments and attitudinal and environmental should have the opportunity to be actively and their family members should receive barriers that hinders their full and efective involved in decision-making processes about the necessary protection and assistance to participation in society on an equal basis policies and programmes, including those enable families to contribute towards the full with others, directly concerning them, and equal enjoyment of the rights of persons (f) Recognizing the importance of the (p) Concerned about the difcult conditions with disabilities, principles and policy guidelines contained in faced by persons with disabilities who are (y) Convinced that a comprehensive and the World Programme of Action concerning subject to multiple or aggravated forms of integral international convention to promote Disabled Persons and in the Standard Rules discrimination on the basis of race, colour, and protect the rights and dignity of persons on the Equalization of Opportunities for sex, language, religion, political or other with disabilities will make a signifcant con- Persons with Disabilities in infuencing the opinion, national, ethnic, indigenous or social tribution to redressing the profound social promotion, formulation and evaluation of the origin, property, birth, age or other status, disadvantage of persons with disabilities and policies, plans, programmes and actions at (q) Recognizing that women and girls with promote their participation in the civil, polit- the national, regional and international levels disabilities are often at greater risk, both ical, economic, social and cultural spheres to further equalize opportunities for persons within and outside the home, of violence, in- with equal opportunities, in both developing with disabilities, jury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, and developed countries, (g) Emphasizing the importance of main- maltreatment or exploitation, Have agreed as follows: streaming disability issues as an integral (r) Recognizing that children with disabilities part of relevant strategies of sustainable should have full enjoyment of all human development,

UN CRPD 143 CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

Article 1 (c) Full and efective participation and inclu- (i) To promote the training of profession- Purpose sion in society; als and staf working with persons with disabilities in the rights recognized in the (d) Respect for diference and acceptance present Convention so as to better provide The purpose of the present Convention is of persons with disabilities as part of human the assistance and services guaranteed by to promote, protect and ensure the full and diversity and humanity; those rights. equal enjoyment of all human rights and (e) Equality of opportunity; fundamental freedoms by all persons with 2. With regard to economic, social and disabilities, and to promote respect for their (f) Accessibility; cultural rights, each State Party undertakes inherent dignity. to take measures to the maximum of its avail- (g) Equality between men and women; able resources and, where needed, within Persons with disabilities include those who (h) Respect for the evolving capacities of the framework of international cooperation, have long-term physical, mental, intellectual children with disabilities and respect for the with a view to achieving progressively the full or sensory impairments which in interaction right of children with disabilities to preserve realization of these rights, without prejudice with various barriers may hinder their full and their identities. to those obligations contained in the present efective participation in society on an equal Convention that are immediately applicable basis with others. according to international law. Article 4 3. In the development and implementation Article 2 General obligations of legislation and policies to implement the present Convention, and in other deci- Defnitions sion-making processes concerning issues 1. States Parties undertake to ensure and relating to persons with disabilities, States promote the full realization of all human For the purposes of the present Convention: Parties shall closely consult with and actively rights and fundamental freedoms for all per- involve persons with disabilities, including “Communication” includes languages, display sons with disabilities without discrimination children with disabilities, through their repre- of text, Braille, tactile communication, large of any kind on the basis of disability. To this sentative organizations. print, accessible multimedia as well as writ- end, States Parties undertake: ten, audio, plain-language, human-reader and 4. Nothing in the present Convention shall (a) To adopt all appropriate legislative, augmentative and alternative modes, means afect any provisions which are more condu- administrative and other measures for the and formats of communication, including cive to the realization of the rights of persons implementation of the rights recognized in accessible information and communication with disabilities and which may be contained the present Convention; technology; in the law of a State Party or international (b) To take all appropriate measures, includ- law in force for that State. There shall be no “Language” includes spoken and signed ing legislation, to modify or abolish existing restriction upon or derogation from any of languages and other forms of non spoken laws, regulations, customs and practices that the human rights and fundamental freedoms languages; constitute discrimination against persons recognized or existing in any State Party “Discrimination on the basis of disability” with disabilities; to the present Convention pursuant to law, means any distinction, exclusion or restric- conventions, regulation or custom on the (c) To take into account the protection and tion on the basis of disability which has the pretext that the present Convention does not promotion of the human rights of persons purpose or efect of impairing or nullifying recognize such rights or freedoms or that it with disabilities in all policies and pro- the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an recognizes them to a lesser extent. grammes; equal basis with others, of all human rights 5. The provisions of the present Convention and fundamental freedoms in the political, (d) To refrain from engaging in any act or shall extend to all parts of federal States economic, social, cultural, civil or any other practice that is inconsistent with the present without any limitations or exceptions. feld. It includes all forms of discrimination, in- Convention and to ensure that public author- cluding denial of reasonable accommodation; ities and institutions act in conformity with the present Convention; “Reasonable accommodation” means Article 5 necessary and appropriate modifcation (e) To take all appropriate measures to and adjustments not imposing a dispropor- eliminate discrimination on the basis of dis- Equality and non-discrimination tionate or undue burden, where needed in ability by any person, organization or private a particular case, to ensure to persons with enterprise; 1. States Parties recognize that all persons disabilities the enjoyment or exercise on an are equal before and under the law and are (f) To undertake or promote research and equal basis with others of all human rights entitled without any discrimination to the development of universally designed goods, and fundamental freedoms; equal protection and equal beneft of the law. services, equipment and facilities, as defned “Universal design” means the design of in article 2 of the present Convention, 2. States Parties shall prohibit all discrimina- products, environments, programmes and which should require the minimum possible tion on the basis of disability and guarantee services to be usable by all people, to adaptation and the least cost to meet the to persons with disabilities equal and efec- the greatest extent possible, without the specifc needs of a person with disabilities, tive legal protection against discrimination on need for adaptation or specialized design. to promote their availability and use, and to all grounds. “Universal design” shall not exclude assistive promote universal design in the development 3. In order to promote equality and eliminate devices for particular groups of persons with of standards and guidelines; discrimination, States Parties shall take all disabilities where this is needed. (g) To undertake or promote research and appropriate steps to ensure that reasonable development of, and to promote the availa- accommodation is provided. bility and use of new technologies, including 4. Specifc measures which are necessary Article 3 information and communications technol- to accelerate or achieve de facto equality of ogies, mobility aids, devices and assistive General principles persons with disabilities shall not be consid- technologies, suitable for persons with ered discrimination under the terms of the disabilities, giving priority to technologies at The principles of the present Convention present Convention. an afordable cost; shall be: (h) To provide accessible information to (a) Respect for inherent dignity, individual au- persons with disabilities about mobility aids, tonomy including the freedom to make one’s Article 6 devices and assistive technologies, including own choices, and independence of persons; new technologies, as well as other forms of Women with disabilities (b) Non-discrimination; assistance, support services and facilities; 1. States Parties recognize that women and

Annex 144 CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

girls with disabilities are subject to multiple portray persons with disabilities in a manner Article 10 discrimination, and in this regard shall take consistent with the purpose of the present Right to life measures to ensure the full and equal Convention; enjoyment by them of all human rights and (d) Promoting awareness-training pro- States Parties reafrm that every human fundamental freedoms. grammes regarding persons with disabilities being has the inherent right to life and shall 2. States Parties shall take all appropriate and the rights of persons with disabilities. take all necessary measures to ensure its ef- measures to ensure the full development, fective enjoyment by persons with disabilities advancement and empowerment of women, on an equal basis with others. for the purpose of guaranteeing them the Article 9 exercise and enjoyment of the human rights Accessibility and fundamental freedoms set out in the Article 11 present Convention. 1. To enable persons with disabilities to Situations of risk and humanitari- live independently and participate fully in an emergencies Article 7 all aspects of life, States Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure to persons States Parties shall take, in accordance with Children with disabilities with disabilities access, on an equal basis with their obligations under international law, others, to the physical environment, to trans- including international humanitarian law and 1. States Parties shall take all necessary portation, to information and communications, international human rights law, all necessary measures to ensure the full enjoyment by including information and communications measures to ensure the protection and safe- children with disabilities of all human rights technologies and systems, and to other ty of persons with disabilities in situations of and fundamental freedoms on an equal basis facilities and services open or provided to the risk, including situations of armed confict, with other children. public, both in urban and in rural areas. These humanitarian emergencies and the occur- measures, which shall include the identifca- 2. In all actions concerning children with dis- rence of natural disasters. tion and elimination of obstacles and barriers abilities, the best interests of the child shall to accessibility, shall apply to, inter alia: be a primary consideration. (a) Buildings, roads, transportation and other 3. States Parties shall ensure that children Article 12 indoor and outdoor facilities, including schools, with disabilities have the right to express housing, medical facilities and workplaces; Equal recognition before the law their views freely on all matters afecting them, their views being given due weight in (b) Information, communications and other 1. States Parties reafrm that persons with accordance with their age and maturity, on services, including electronic services and disabilities have the right to recognition an equal basis with other children, and to be emergency services. everywhere as persons before the law. provided with disability and age-appropriate 2. States Parties shall also take appropriate assistance to realize that right. 2. States Parties shall recognize that persons measures: with disabilities enjoy legal capacity on an (a) To develop, promulgate and monitor the equal basis with others in all aspects of life. implementation of minimum standards and Article 8 3. States Parties shall take appropriate guidelines for the accessibility of facilities measures to provide access by persons with Awareness-raising and services open or provided to the public; disabilities to the support they may require in (b) To ensure that private entities that ofer exercising their legal capacity. 1. States Parties undertake to adopt immedi- facilities and services which are open or ate, efective and appropriate measures: 4. States Parties shall ensure that all meas- provided to the public take into account all ures that relate to the exercise of legal ca- (a) To raise awareness throughout society, aspects of accessibility for persons with pacity provide for appropriate and efective including at the family level, regarding per- disabilities; safeguards to prevent abuse in accordance sons with disabilities, and to foster respect (c) To provide training for stakeholders on with international human rights law. Such for the rights and dignity of persons with accessibility issues facing persons with safeguards shall ensure that measures relat- disabilities; disabilities; ing to the exercise of legal capacity respect (b) To combat stereotypes, prejudices and the rights, will and preferences of the person, (d) To provide in buildings and other facilities harmful practices relating to persons with are free of confict of interest and undue open to the public signage in Braille and in disabilities, including those based on sex and infuence, are proportional and tailored to easy to read and understand forms; age, in all areas of life; the person’s circumstances, apply for the (e) To provide forms of live assistance and shortest time possible and are subject to (c) To promote awareness of the capabilities intermediaries, including guides, readers and regular review by a competent, independ- and contributions of persons with disabilities. professional sign language interpreters, to ent and impartial authority or judicial body. 2. Measures to this end include: facilitate accessibility to buildings and other The safeguards shall be proportional to the facilities open to the public; degree to which such measures afect the (a) Initiating and maintaining efective public person’s rights and interests. awareness campaigns designed: (f) To promote other appropriate forms of assistance and support to persons with disa- 5. Subject to the provisions of this article, (i) To nurture receptiveness to the rights of bilities to ensure their access to information; States Parties shall take all appropriate and persons with disabilities; efective measures to ensure the equal right (g) To promote access for persons with (ii) To promote positive perceptions and of persons with disabilities to own or inherit disabilities to new information and communi- greater social awareness towards persons property, to control their own fnancial afairs cations technologies and systems, including with disabilities; and to have equal access to bank loans, the Internet; mortgages and other forms of fnancial (iii) To promote recognition of the skills, mer- (h) To promote the design, development, credit, and shall ensure that persons with its and abilities of persons with disabilities, production and distribution of accessible disabilities are not arbitrarily deprived of their and of their contributions to the workplace information and communications technolo- property. and the labour market; gies and systems at an early stage, so that (b) Fostering at all levels of the education these technologies and systems become system, including in all children from an early accessible at minimum cost. age, an attitude of respect for the rights of persons with disabilities; (c) Encouraging all organs of the media to

UN CRPD 145 CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

Article 13 from all forms of exploitation, violence and movement; abuse, including their gender-based aspects. Access to justice (c) Are free to leave any country, including 2. States Parties shall also take all appro- their own; 1. States Parties shall ensure efective priate measures to prevent all forms of (d) Are not deprived, arbitrarily or on the access to justice for persons with disabili- exploitation, violence and abuse by ensuring, basis of disability, of the right to enter their ties on an equal basis with others, including inter alia, appropriate forms of gender- and own country. through the provision of procedural and age-sensitive assistance and support for age-appropriate accommodations, in order persons with disabilities and their fami- 2. Children with disabilities shall be regis- to facilitate their efective role as direct and lies and caregivers, including through the tered immediately after birth and shall have indirect participants, including as witnesses, provision of information and education on the right from birth to a name, the right to in all legal proceedings, including at investi- how to avoid, recognize and report instances acquire a nationality and, as far as possible, gative and other preliminary stages. of exploitation, violence and abuse. States the right to know and be cared for by their Parties shall ensure that protection services parents. 2. In order to help to ensure efective access are age-, gender- and disability-sensitive. to justice for persons with disabilities, States Parties shall promote appropriate training for 3. In order to prevent the occurrence of all those working in the feld of administration of forms of exploitation, violence and abuse, Article 19 justice, including police and prison staf. States Parties shall ensure that all facilities Living independently and being and programmes designed to serve persons with disabilities are efectively monitored by included in the community Article 14 independent authorities. States Parties to the present Convention 4. States Parties shall take all appropriate Liberty and security of person recognize the equal right of all persons measures to promote the physical, cognitive with disabilities to live in the community, and psychological recovery, rehabilitation 1. States Parties shall ensure that persons with choices equal to others, and shall and social reintegration of persons with with disabilities, on an equal basis with take efective and appropriate measures disabilities who become victims of any form others: to facilitate full enjoyment by persons with of exploitation, violence or abuse, including disabilities of this right and their full inclusion (a) Enjoy the right to liberty and security of through the provision of protection services. and participation in the community, including person; Such recovery and reintegration shall take by ensuring that: place in an environment that fosters the (b) Are not deprived of their liberty unlawfully health, welfare, self-respect, dignity and au- (a) Persons with disabilities have the oppor- or arbitrarily, and that any deprivation of tonomy of the person and takes into account tunity to choose their place of residence and liberty is in conformity with the law, and that gender- and age-specifc needs. where and with whom they live on an equal the existence of a disability shall in no case basis with others and are not obliged to live justify a deprivation of liberty. 5. States Parties shall put in place efective in a particular living arrangement; legislation and policies, including women- 2. States Parties shall ensure that if persons and child-focused legislation and policies, (b) Persons with disabilities have access to a with disabilities are deprived of their liberty to ensure that instances of exploitation, range of in-home, residential and other com- through any process, they are, on an equal violence and abuse against persons with munity support services, including personal basis with others, entitled to guarantees in disabilities are identifed, investigated and, assistance necessary to support living and accordance with international human rights where appropriate, prosecuted. inclusion in the community, and to prevent law and shall be treated in compliance with isolation or segregation from the community; the objectives and principles of the present Convention, including by provision of reason- (c) Community services and facilities for the able accommodation. Article 17 general population are available on an equal Protecting the integrity of the basis to persons with disabilities and are responsive to their needs. person Article 15 Freedom from torture or cruel, Every person with disabilities has a right to Article 20 inhuman or degrading treatment respect for his or her physical and mental Personal mobility or punishment integrity on an equal basis with others. States Parties shall take efective measures 1. No one shall be subjected to torture or to to ensure personal mobility with the greatest cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or Article 18 possible independence for persons with punishment. In particular, no one shall be Liberty of movement and nation- disabilities, including by: subjected without his or her free consent to medical or scientifc experimentation. ality (a) Facilitating the personal mobility of persons with disabilities in the manner and 2. States Parties shall take all efective 1. States Parties shall recognize the rights of at the time of their choice, and at afordable legislative, administrative, judicial or other persons with disabilities to liberty of move- cost; measures to prevent persons with disabil- ment, to freedom to choose their residence ities, on an equal basis with others, from (b) Facilitating access by persons with and to a nationality, on an equal basis with being subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman disabilities to quality mobility aids, devices, others, including by ensuring that persons or degrading treatment or punishment. assistive technologies and forms of live with disabilities: assistance and intermediaries, including by (a) Have the right to acquire and change a making them available at afordable cost; nationality and are not deprived of their na- Article 16 (c) Providing training in mobility skills to per- tionality arbitrarily or on the basis of disability; Freedom from exploitation, vio- sons with disabilities and to specialist staf (b) Are not deprived, on the basis of disa- working with persons with disabilities; lence and abuse bility, of their ability to obtain, possess and (d) Encouraging entities that produce mobili- utilize documentation of their nationality or ty aids, devices and assistive technologies to 1. States Parties shall take all appropriate other documentation of identifcation, or to take into account all aspects of mobility for legislative, administrative, social, educational utilize relevant processes such as immigra- persons with disabilities. and other measures to protect persons with tion proceedings, that may be needed to disabilities, both within and outside the home, facilitate exercise of the right to liberty of

Annex 146 CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

Article 21 (b) The rights of persons with disabilities (a) Persons with disabilities are not excluded Freedom of expression and opin- to decide freely and responsibly on the from the general education system on the number and spacing of their children and to basis of disability, and that children with ion, and access to information have access to age-appropriate information, disabilities are not excluded from free and reproductive and family planning education compulsory primary education, or from sec- States Parties shall take all appropriate are recognized, and the means necessary ondary education, on the basis of disability; measures to ensure that persons with to enable them to exercise these rights are (b) Persons with disabilities can access an disabilities can exercise the right to freedom provided; inclusive, quality and free primary education of expression and opinion, including the free- (c) Persons with disabilities, including chil- and secondary education on an equal basis dom to seek, receive and impart information dren, retain their fertility on an equal basis with others in the communities in which they and ideas on an equal basis with others and with others. live; through all forms of communication of their choice, as defned in article 2 of the present 2. States Parties shall ensure the rights and (c) Reasonable accommodation of the indi- Convention, including by: responsibilities of persons with disabilities, vidual’s requirements is provided; with regard to guardianship, wardship, (a) Providing information intended for the (d) Persons with disabilities receive the sup- trusteeship, adoption of children or similar general public to persons with disabilities port required, within the general education institutions, where these concepts exist in in accessible formats and technologies system, to facilitate their efective education; national legislation; in all cases the best inter- appropriate to diferent kinds of disabilities in ests of the child shall be paramount. States (e) Efective individualized support measures a timely manner and without additional cost; Parties shall render appropriate assistance are provided in environments that maximize (b) Accepting and facilitating the use of to persons with disabilities in the perfor- academic and social development, consist- sign languages, Braille, augmentative and mance of their child-rearing responsibilities. ent with the goal of full inclusion. alternative communication, and all other 3. States Parties shall ensure that children 3. States Parties shall enable persons with accessible means, modes and formats of with disabilities have equal rights with disabilities to learn life and social develop- communication of their choice by persons respect to family life. With a view to realizing ment skills to facilitate their full and equal with disabilities in ofcial interactions; these rights, and to prevent concealment, participation in education and as members (c) Urging private entities that provide ser- abandonment, neglect and segregation of of the community. To this end, States Parties vices to the general public, including through children with disabilities, States Parties shall shall take appropriate measures, including: the Internet, to provide information and undertake to provide early and comprehen- (a) Facilitating the learning of Braille, alter- services in accessible and usable formats for sive information, services and support to native script, augmentative and alternative persons with disabilities; children with disabilities and their families. modes, means and formats of communica- (d) Encouraging the mass media, including 4. States Parties shall ensure that a child tion and orientation and mobility skills, and providers of information through the Internet, shall not be separated from his or her facilitating peer support and mentoring; to make their services accessible to persons parents against their will, except when com- (b) Facilitating the learning of sign language with disabilities; petent authorities subject to judicial review and the promotion of the linguistic identity of determine, in accordance with applicable (e) Recognizing and promoting the use of the deaf community; law and procedures, that such separation is sign languages. necessary for the best interests of the child. (c) Ensuring that the education of persons, In no case shall a child be separated from and in particular children, who are blind, deaf parents on the basis of a disability of either or deafblind, is delivered in the most appro- Article 22 the child or one or both of the parents. priate languages and modes and means of communication for the individual, and in Respect for privacy 5. States Parties shall, where the immedi- environments which maximize academic and ate family is unable to care for a child with social development. 1. No person with disabilities, regardless of disabilities, undertake every efort to provide place of residence or living arrangements, alternative care within the wider family, and 4. In order to help ensure the realization of shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful failing that, within the community in a family this right, States Parties shall take appropri- interference with his or her privacy, family, setting. ate measures to employ teachers, including home or correspondence or other types of teachers with disabilities, who are qualifed communication or to unlawful attacks on his in sign language and/or Braille, and to train or her honour and reputation. Persons with Article 24 professionals and staf who work at all levels disabilities have the right to the protection of of education. Such training shall incorporate the law against such interference or attacks. Education disability awareness and the use of appropriate augmentative and alternative modes, 2. States Parties shall protect the privacy of 1. States Parties recognize the right of means and formats of communication, edu- personal, health and rehabilitation informa- persons with disabilities to education. With a cational techniques and materials to support tion of persons with disabilities on an equal view to realizing this right without discrimi- persons with disabilities. basis with others. nation and on the basis of equal opportunity, 5. States Parties shall ensure that persons States Parties shall ensure an inclusive with disabilities are able to access general education system at all levels and lifelong tertiary education, vocational training, adult Article 23 learning directed to: education and lifelong learning without Respect for home and the family (a) The full development of human potential discrimination and on an equal basis with and sense of dignity and self-worth, and the others. To this end, States Parties shall 1. States Parties shall take efective and strengthening of respect for human rights, ensure that reasonable accommodation is appropriate measures to eliminate discrimi- fundamental freedoms and human diversity; provided to persons with disabilities. nation against persons with disabilities in all (b) The development by persons with matters relating to marriage, family, parent- disabilities of their personality, talents and hood and relationships, on an equal basis creativity, as well as their mental and physical Article 25 with others, so as to ensure that: abilities, to their fullest potential; Health (a) The right of all persons with disabilities (c) Enabling persons with disabilities to who are of marriageable age to marry and participate efectively in a free society. States Parties recognize that persons with to found a family on the basis of free and disabilities have the right to the enjoyment full consent of the intending spouses is 2. In realizing this right, States Parties shall of the highest attainable standard of health recognized; ensure that: without discrimination on the basis of disa-

UN CRPD 147 CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

bility. States Parties shall take all appropriate and technologies, designed for persons with with disabilities are not held in slavery or in measures to ensure access for persons disabilities, as they relate to habilitation and servitude, and are protected, on an equal with disabilities to health services that are rehabilitation. basis with others, from forced or compulsory gender-sensitive, including health-related re- labour. habilitation. In particular, States Parties shall: (a) Provide persons with disabilities with the Article 27 same range, quality and standard of free or Work and employment Article 28 afordable health care and programmes as Adequate standard of living and provided to other persons, including in the 1. States Parties recognize the right of area of sexual and reproductive health and social protection persons with disabilities to work, on an equal population-based public health programmes; basis with others; this includes the right to 1. States Parties recognize the right of (b) Provide those health services needed by the opportunity to gain a living by work freely persons with disabilities to an adequate persons with disabilities specifcally because chosen or accepted in a labour market and standard of living for themselves and their of their disabilities, including early identif- work environment that is open, inclusive families, including adequate food, clothing cation and intervention as appropriate, and and accessible to persons with disabilities. and housing, and to the continuous improve- services designed to minimize and prevent States Parties shall safeguard and promote ment of living conditions, and shall take further disabilities, including among children the realization of the right to work, including appropriate steps to safeguard and promote and older persons; for those who acquire a disability during the the realization of this right without discrimi- course of employment, by taking appropriate (c) Provide these health services as close nation on the basis of disability. steps, including through legislation, to, inter as possible to people’s own communities, alia: 2. States Parties recognize the right of including in rural areas; persons with disabilities to social protection (a) Prohibit discrimination on the basis of (d) Require health professionals to provide and to the enjoyment of that right without disability with regard to all matters con- care of the same quality to persons with discrimination on the basis of disability, and cerning all forms of employment, including disabilities as to others, including on the shall take appropriate steps to safeguard conditions of recruitment, hiring and employ- basis of free and informed consent by, inter and promote the realization of this right, ment, continuance of employment, career alia, raising awareness of the human rights, including measures: advancement and safe and healthy working dignity, autonomy and needs of persons with conditions; (a) To ensure equal access by persons with disabilities through training and the prom- disabilities to clean water services, and to ulgation of ethical standards for public and (b) Protect the rights of persons with disabili- ensure access to appropriate and afordable private health care; ties, on an equal basis with others, to just services, devices and other assistance for and favourable conditions of work, including (e) Prohibit discrimination against persons disability-related needs; equal opportunities and equal remuneration with disabilities in the provision of health insur- for work of equal value, safe and healthy (b) To ensure access by persons with disabil- ance, and life insurance where such insurance working conditions, including protection from ities, in particular women and girls with disa- is permitted by national law, which shall be harassment, and the redress of grievances; bilities and older persons with disabilities, to provided in a fair and reasonable manner; social protection programmes and poverty (c) Ensure that persons with disabilities are (f) Prevent discriminatory denial of health reduction programmes; able to exercise their labour and trade union care or health services or food and fuids on rights on an equal basis with others; (c) To ensure access by persons with disa- the basis of disability. bilities and their families living in situations (d) Enable persons with disabilities to have of poverty to assistance from the State efective access to general technical and with disability-related expenses, including vocational guidance programmes, placement Article 26 adequate training, counselling, fnancial services and vocational and continuing assistance and respite care; Habilitation and rehabilitation training; (d) To ensure access by persons with disabil- (e) Promote employment opportunities 1. States Parties shall take efective and ap- ities to public housing programmes; and career advancement for persons with propriate measures, including through peer disabilities in the labour market, as well as (e) To ensure equal access by persons support, to enable persons with disabilities to assistance in fnding, obtaining, maintaining with disabilities to retirement benefts and attain and maintain maximum independence, and returning to employment; programmes. full physical, mental, social and vocational ability, and full inclusion and participation (f) Promote opportunities for self-employ- in all aspects of life. To that end, States ment, entrepreneurship, the development Parties shall organize, strengthen and extend of cooperatives and starting one’s own Article 29 comprehensive habilitation and rehabilitation business; Participation in political and services and programmes, particularly in (g) Employ persons with disabilities in the the areas of health, employment, education public life public sector; and social services, in such a way that these services and programmes: (h) Promote the employment of persons States Parties shall guarantee to persons with disabilities in the private sector through with disabilities political rights and the oppor- (a) Begin at the earliest possible stage, and appropriate policies and measures, which tunity to enjoy them on an equal basis with are based on the multidisciplinary assess- may include afrmative action programmes, others, and shall undertake: ment of individual needs and strengths; incentives and other measures; (a) To ensure that persons with disabilities (b) Support participation and inclusion in the (i) Ensure that reasonable accommodation can efectively and fully participate in political community and all aspects of society, are is provided to persons with disabilities in the and public life on an equal basis with others, voluntary, and are available to persons with workplace; directly or through freely chosen represent- disabilities as close as possible to their own atives, including the right and opportunity communities, including in rural areas. (j) Promote the acquisition by persons with for persons with disabilities to vote and be disabilities of work experience in the open 2. States Parties shall promote the devel- elected, inter alia, by: labour market; opment of initial and continuing training for (i) Ensuring that voting procedures, facilities professionals and staf working in habilitation (k) Promote vocational and professional re- and materials are appropriate, accessible and rehabilitation services. habilitation, job retention and return-to-work and easy to understand and use; programmes for persons with disabilities. 3. States Parties shall promote the availabil- (ii) Protecting the right of persons with disa- ity, knowledge and use of assistive devices 2. States Parties shall ensure that persons bilities to vote by secret ballot in elections and

Annex 148 CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

public referendums without intimidation, and (a) To encourage and promote the participa- (a) Ensuring that international coopera- to stand for elections, to efectively hold ofce tion, to the fullest extent possible, of persons tion, including international development and perform all public functions at all levels of with disabilities in mainstream sporting programmes, is inclusive of and accessible to government, facilitating the use of assistive activities at all levels; persons with disabilities; and new technologies where appropriate; (b) To ensure that persons with disabilities (b) Facilitating and supporting capaci- (iii) Guaranteeing the free expression of the have an opportunity to organize, develop and ty-building, including through the exchange will of persons with disabilities as electors participate in disability-specifc sporting and and sharing of information, experiences, and to this end, where necessary, at their recreational activities and, to this end, en- training programmes and best practices; request, allowing assistance in voting by a courage the provision, on an equal basis with (c) Facilitating cooperation in research and person of their own choice; others, of appropriate instruction, training access to scientifc and technical knowledge; and resources; (b) To promote actively an environment in (d) Providing, as appropriate, technical and which persons with disabilities can efec- (c) To ensure that persons with disabilities economic assistance, including by facilitating tively and fully participate in the conduct of have access to sporting, recreational and access to and sharing of accessible and as- public afairs, without discrimination and on tourism venues; sistive technologies, and through the transfer an equal basis with others, and encourage (d) To ensure that children with disabilities of technologies. their participation in public afairs, including: have equal access with other children to par- 2. The provisions of this article are without (i) Participation in non-governmental organi- ticipation in play, recreation and leisure and prejudice to the obligations of each State zations and associations concerned with the sporting activities, including those activities Party to fulfl its obligations under the pres- public and political life of the country, and in in the school system; ent Convention. the activities and administration of political (e) To ensure that persons with disabilities parties; have access to services from those involved (ii) Forming and joining organizations of per- in the organization of recreational, tourism, Article 33 sons with disabilities to represent persons leisure and sporting activities. with disabilities at international, national, National implementation and regional and local levels. monitoring Article 31 Statistics and data collection 1. States Parties, in accordance with their Article 30 system of organization, shall designate one or more focal points within government Participation in cultural life, rec- 1. States Parties undertake to collect appro- for matters relating to the implementation priate information, including statistical and reation, leisure and sport of the present Convention, and shall give research data, to enable them to formulate due consideration to the establishment or and implement policies to give efect to the 1. States Parties recognize the right of per- designation of a coordination mechanism present Convention. The process of collect- sons with disabilities to take part on an equal within government to facilitate related action ing and maintaining this information shall: basis with others in cultural life, and shall in diferent sectors and at diferent levels. take all appropriate measures to ensure that (a) Comply with legally established safe- 2. States Parties shall, in accordance with persons with disabilities: guards, including legislation on data protec- their legal and administrative systems, tion, to ensure confdentiality and respect for (a) Enjoy access to cultural materials in maintain, strengthen, designate or establish the privacy of persons with disabilities; accessible formats; within the State Party, a framework, including (b) Comply with internationally accepted one or more independent mechanisms, as (b) Enjoy access to television programmes, norms to protect human rights and funda- appropriate, to promote, protect and monitor flms, theatre and other cultural activities, in mental freedoms and ethical principles in the implementation of the present Convention. accessible formats; collection and use of statistics. When designating or establishing such a (c) Enjoy access to places for cultural mechanism, States Parties shall take into 2. The information collected in accordance performances or services, such as theatres, account the principles relating to the status with this article shall be disaggregated, as museums, cinemas, libraries and tourism ser- and functioning of national institutions for appropriate, and used to help assess the vices, and, as far as possible, enjoy access protection and promotion of human rights. implementation of States Parties’ obligations to monuments and sites of national cultural under the present Convention and to identify 3. Civil society, in particular persons with importance. and address the barriers faced by persons disabilities and their representative organiza- 2. States Parties shall take appropriate with disabilities in exercising their rights. tions, shall be involved and participate fully in measures to enable persons with disabilities the monitoring process. 3. States Parties shall assume responsibility to have the opportunity to develop and utilize for the dissemination of these statistics and their creative, artistic and intellectual poten- ensure their accessibility to persons with tial, not only for their own beneft, but also for disabilities and others. Article 34 the enrichment of society. Committee on the Rights of Per- 3. States Parties shall take all appropriate sons with Disabilities steps, in accordance with international law, to Article 32 ensure that laws protecting intellectual property rights do not constitute an unreasonable International cooperation 1. There shall be established a Committee or discriminatory barrier to access by persons on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities with disabilities to cultural materials. 1. States Parties recognize the importance of (hereafter referred to as “the Committee”), international cooperation and its promo- which shall carry out the functions hereinaf- 4. Persons with disabilities shall be entitled, tion, in support of national eforts for the ter provided. on an equal basis with others, to recognition realization of the purpose and objectives of and support of their specifc cultural and 2. The Committee shall consist, at the time the present Convention, and will undertake linguistic identity, including sign languages of entry into force of the present Convention, appropriate and efective measures in this and deaf culture. of twelve experts. After an additional sixty regard, between and among States and, ratifcations or accessions to the Convention, 5. With a view to enabling persons with dis- as appropriate, in partnership with relevant the membership of the Committee shall in- abilities to participate on an equal basis with international and regional organizations and crease by six members, attaining a maximum others in recreational, leisure and sporting civil society, in particular organizations of number of eighteen members. activities, States Parties shall take appropri- persons with disabilities. Such measures ate measures: could include, inter alia: 3. The members of the Committee shall

UN CRPD 149 CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

serve in their personal capacity and shall be present Convention shall receive emolu- 3. The Secretary-General of the United of high moral standing and recognized comments from United Nations resources on Nations shall make available the reports to all petence and experience in the feld covered such terms and conditions as the Assembly States Parties. by the present Convention. When nominating may decide, having regard to the importance 4. States Parties shall make their reports their candidates, States Parties are invited to of the Committee’s responsibilities. widely available to the public in their own give due consideration to the provision set 13. The members of the Committee shall countries and facilitate access to the out in article 4, paragraph 3, of the present be entitled to the facilities, privileges and suggestions and general recommendations Convention. immunities of experts on mission for the relating to these reports. 4. The members of the Committee shall United Nations as laid down in the relevant 5. The Committee shall transmit, as it may be elected by States Parties, considera- sections of the Convention on the Privileges consider appropriate, to the specialized tion being given to equitable geographical and Immunities of the United Nations. agencies, funds and programmes of the distribution, representation of the diferent United Nations, and other competent bodies, forms of civilization and of the principal legal reports from States Parties in order to systems, balanced gender representation Article 35 address a request or indication of a need and participation of experts with disabilities. Reports by States Parties for technical advice or assistance contained 5. The members of the Committee shall be therein, along with the Committee’s observa- elected by secret ballot from a list of persons tions and recommendations, if any, on these 1. Each State Party shall submit to the Com- nominated by the States Parties from among requests or indications. mittee, through the Secretary-General of the their nationals at meetings of the Confer- United Nations, a comprehensive report on ence of States Parties. At those meetings, measures taken to give efect to its obliga- for which two thirds of States Parties shall tions under the present Convention and on Article 37 constitute a quorum, the persons elected the progress made in that regard, within two to the Committee shall be those who obtain Cooperation between States years after the entry into force of the present the largest number of votes and an absolute Convention for the State Party concerned. Parties and the Committee majority of the votes of the representatives of States Parties present and voting. 2. Thereafter, States Parties shall submit 1. Each State Party shall cooperate with the subsequent reports at least every four years 6. The initial election shall be held no later Committee and assist its members in the and further whenever the Committee so than six months after the date of entry into fulflment of their mandate. requests. force of the present Convention. At least 2. In its relationship with States Parties, the four months before the date of each election, 3. The Committee shall decide any guidelines Committee shall give due consideration the Secretary-General of the United Nations applicable to the content of the reports. to ways and means of enhancing national shall address a letter to the States Parties 4. A State Party which has submitted a com- capacities for the implementation of the inviting them to submit the nominations with- prehensive initial report to the Committee present Convention, including through inter- in two months. The Secretary-General shall need not, in its subsequent reports, repeat national cooperation. subsequently prepare a list in alphabetical information previously provided. When order of all persons thus nominated, indicat- preparing reports to the Committee, States ing the State Parties which have nominated Parties are invited to consider doing so in them, and shall submit it to the States Parties Article 38 an open and transparent process and to to the present Convention. give due consideration to the provision set Relationship of the Committee 7. The members of the Committee shall be out in article 4, paragraph 3, of the present with other bodies elected for a term of four years. They shall Convention. be eligible for re-election once. However, the 5. Reports may indicate factors and dif- In order to foster the efective implemen- term of six of the members elected at the culties afecting the degree of fulflment of tation of the present Convention and to frst election shall expire at the end of two obligations under the present Convention. encourage international cooperation in the years; immediately after the frst election, the feld covered by the present Convention: names of these six members shall be chosen by lot by the chairperson of the meeting (a) The specialized agencies and other referred to in paragraph 5 of this article. Article 36 United Nations organs shall be entitled to be represented at the consideration of the 8. The election of the six additional members Consideration of reports implementation of such provisions of the of the Committee shall be held on the occa- present Convention as fall within the scope sion of regular elections, in accordance with 1. Each report shall be considered by the of their mandate. The Committee may invite the relevant provisions of this article. Committee, which shall make such sugges- the specialized agencies and other compe- tions and general recommendations on the 9. If a member of the Committee dies or tent bodies as it may consider appropriate to report as it may consider appropriate and resigns or declares that for any other cause provide expert advice on the implementation shall forward these to the State Party con- she or he can no longer perform her or his of the Convention in areas falling within the cerned. The State Party may respond with duties, the State Party which nominated scope of their respective mandates. The any information it chooses to the Committee. the member shall appoint another expert Committee may invite specialized agencies The Committee may request further infor- possessing the qualifcations and meeting and other United Nations organs to submit mation from States Parties relevant to the the requirements set out in the relevant reports on the implementation of the Con- implementation of the present Convention. provisions of this article, to serve for the vention in areas falling within the scope of remainder of the term. 2. If a State Party is signifcantly overdue in their activities; the submission of a report, the Committee 10. The Committee shall establish its own (b) The Committee, as it discharges its may notify the State Party concerned of the rules of procedure. mandate, shall consult, as appropriate, other need to examine the implementation of the relevant bodies instituted by international 11. The Secretary-General of the United present Convention in that State Party, on human rights treaties, with a view to ensuring Nations shall provide the necessary staf the basis of reliable information available to the consistency of their respective reporting and facilities for the efective performance the Committee, if the relevant report is not guidelines, suggestions and general recom- of the functions of the Committee under the submitted within three months following the mendations, and avoiding duplication and present Convention, and shall convene its notifcation. The Committee shall invite the overlap in the performance of their functions. initial meeting. State Party concerned to participate in such examination. Should the State Party respond 12. With the approval of the General As- by submitting the relevant report, the provi- sembly of the United Nations, the members sions of paragraph 1 of this article will apply. of the Committee established under the

Annex 150 CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

Article 39 the present Convention. Such organizations a majority of two thirds of the States Parties Report of the Committee shall declare, in their instruments of formal present and voting shall be submitted by the confrmation or accession, the extent of Secretary-General to the General Assembly their competence with respect to matters of the United Nations for approval and there- The Committee shall report every two governed by the present Convention. Subse- after to all States Parties for acceptance. years to the General Assembly and to the quently, they shall inform the depositary of Economic and Social Council on its activities, 2. An amendment adopted and approved in any substantial modifcation in the extent of and may make suggestions and general accordance with paragraph 1 of this article their competence. recommendations based on the examination shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after of reports and information received from 2. References to “States Parties” in the pres- the number of instruments of acceptance the States Parties. Such suggestions and ent Convention shall apply to such organiza- deposited reaches two thirds of the number general recommendations shall be included tions within the limits of their competence. of States Parties at the date of adoption of in the report of the Committee together with the amendment. Thereafter, the amendment 3. For the purposes of article 45, paragraph comments, if any, from States Parties. shall enter into force for any State Party on 1, and article 47, paragraphs 2 and 3, of the the thirtieth day following the deposit of its present Convention, any instrument deposit- own instrument of acceptance. An amend- ed by a regional integration organization shall ment shall be binding only on those States Article 40 not be counted. Parties which have accepted it. Conference of States Parties 4. Regional integration organizations, in 3. If so decided by the Conference of States matters within their competence, may exer- Parties by consensus, an amendment 1. The States Parties shall meet regularly in cise their right to vote in the Conference of adopted and approved in accordance with a Conference of States Parties in order to States Parties, with a number of votes equal paragraph 1 of this article which relates consider any matter with regard to the imple- to the number of their member States that exclusively to articles 34, 38, 39 and 40 shall mentation of the present Convention. are Parties to the present Convention. Such enter into force for all States Parties on the an organization shall not exercise its right to 2. No later than six months after the entry thirtieth day after the number of instruments vote if any of its member States exercises its into force of the present Convention, the of acceptance deposited reaches two thirds right, and vice versa. Conference of States Parties shall be of the number of States Parties at the date convened by the Secretary-General of the of adoption of the amendment. United Nations. The subsequent meetings shall be convened by the Secretary-General Article 45 biennially or upon the decision of the Confer- Entry into force Article 48 ence of States Parties. Denunciation 1. The present Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the deposit A State Party may denounce the present Article 41 of the twentieth instrument of ratifcation or Convention by written notifcation to the accession. Depositary Secretary-General of the United Nations. The 2. For each State or regional integration denunciation shall become efective one year The Secretary-General of the United Nations organization ratifying, formally confrming after the date of receipt of the notifcation by shall be the depositary of the present Con- or acceding to the present Convention after the Secretary-General. vention. the deposit of the twentieth such instrument, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the deposit of its own such Article 49 instrument. Article 42 Accessible format Signature Article 46 The text of the present Convention shall be The present Convention shall be open for made available in accessible formats. signature by all States and by regional Reservations integration organizations at United Nations Headquarters in New York as of 30 March 1. Reservations incompatible with the object Article 50 2007. and purpose of the present Convention shall not be permitted. Authentic texts 2. Reservations may be withdrawn at any The Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Article 43 time. Russian and Spanish texts of the present Consent to be bound Convention shall be equally authentic. IN WITNESS THEREOF the undersigned The present Convention shall be subject to Article 47 plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized ratifcation by signatory States and to formal Amendments thereto by their respective Governments, confrmation by signatory regional integration have signed the present Convention organizations. It shall be open for accession 1. Any State Party may propose an by any State or regional integration organiza- amendment to the present Convention and tion which has not signed the Convention. submit it to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall communicate any proposed amendments to Article 44 States Parties, with a request to be notifed Regional integration organiza- whether they favour a conference of States Parties for the purpose of considering and tions deciding upon the proposals. In the event that, within four months from the date of 1. “Regional integration organization” shall such communication, at least one third of mean an organization constituted by sov- the States Parties favour such a confer- ereign States of a given region, to which its ence, the Secretary-General shall convene member States have transferred compe- the conference under the auspices of the tence in respect of matters governed by United Nations. Any amendment adopted by

UN CRPD 151 Research Network 2012–2013 List of all persons that have contributed to the research on Employment

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Afghanistan Mabel BALLESTEROS LÓPEZ Asociación Cubana de Limitados Físicos Motores (ACLIFIM) Muhammad SADIQ MOHIBI Afghanistan Community Based Rehabilitation CBR Network (ACBRN) Czech Republic Albania Veronika PŮROVÁ Národní rada osob se zdravotním postižením Blerta ÇANI Albanian Disability Rights Foundation (ADRF) Erik ČIPERA Asistence o.s. Antigua & Barbuda Democratic Republic of Congo Ingrid ELLIOTT Antigua & Barbuda Association of Persons with Disabilities Innocent ZENGBA CICPH – DPI Democratic Republic of Congo Argentina Denmark Enrique SARFATI ENCIDIS-DPI Argentina Signe HØJSTEEN Danske Handicaporganisationer Armenia Dan R. SCHIMMELL Landsforeningen LEV Suren MAGHAKYAN DPO Full Life – DPI Armenia Dominica Asia-Pacifc Nathalie MURPHY Dominica Association of Persons with Disabilities, Inc. Saowalak THONGKUAY Regional Development Ofcer, DPI-Asia Pacifc Dominican Republic Australia Magino CORPORAN LORENZO Federación Nacional de Discapacitados Dominicanos (FENADID) Christine WALTON Australian Disability & Development Consortium El Salvator Austria Eileen GIRÓN BATRES ACOGIPRI de R.L. Christina MEIERSCHITZ Österreichische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Rehabilitation Estonia Katharina MEICHENITSCH Diakonie Austria Kairit NUMA Eesti Puuetega Inimeste Koja Wolfgang GLASER Empowerment-Center of the Independent Living Initiative of Upper Austria Luule SAKKEUS Academic Network of European Disability experts (ANED) Azerbaijan Ethiopia Federation of Ethiopian National Associations of Persons with Disabilities Davud REHIMLI Union of Disabled People Organizations (UDPO)-DPI Azerbaijan Teshome DERESSA (FENAPD) Belarus Europe Daniel ULADAMIRSKI Belarussian Society of Persons with Disabilities-DPI Belarus Rita BARBUTO Regional Development Ofcer, DPI-Europe Belgium Finland Herman JANSSENS Katholieke Vereniging Gehandicapten vzw (KVG) – DPI Belgium Juha PEKKA KONTTINEN The Threshold Association/VIKE Astrid EICHSTÄDT Centre pour l'égalité des chances et la lutte contre le racisme Kalle KÖNKKÖLÄ KYNNYS-DPI Finnland Natalie LEFEVRE Fevlado vzw France Belize Catherine AGIUS Fondation de France Jerome FLORES Belizean Alliance of and for Persons with Diverse Abilities – DPI Belize Jean-Luc SIMON Groupement Français des Personnes Handicapées Benin Thorsten AFFLERBACH Council of Europe Claudine DAIZO Federation des Associations des Personnes Handicapees du Benin Gambia Bosnia and Herzegovina Isatou SAYANG The Gambia Federation of the Disabled – DPI Gambia Vesna BAJSANSKI-AGIC Mozaik Foundation Germany Brazil Dinah RADTKE ZSL Erlangen-DPI Germany Joelson DIAS Barbosa e Dias Advogados, 3IN Sylvia BRINKMANN Diakonisches Werk der EKD e.V Golferi Reicher e Storto Advogados Christiane HAERLIN Social Firms Europe CEFEC 3IN – Inclusão, Integridade e Independência Ingrid HEINDORF World Future Council Bulgaria Greece Morf SKARLATOV NCPDB-DPI Bulgaria Sofoklis ALEPIS Paraplegics Association of Greece – DPI Greece I can too Athena FRANGOULI Social Firms Europe CEFEC and the Panhellenic Federation of KOISPE Burkina Faso Guatemala Evelyne HIEN WINKOUN FEBAH – DPI Burkina Faso Luis Beltrán DIEGO RAYMUNDO COPDIGUA-ONG Coordinadora de organizaciones de personas con discapacidad Burundi Luis BELTRÁN DIEGO RAYMUNDO copdigua-DPI Guatemala Pierre CLAVER SEBEREGE Union des Personnes Handicapees du Burundi (UPHB) Guinea Conakry Cambodia Alpha BOUBACAR DIOP FEGUIPAH – DPI Guinea Conakry Ngin SAORATH The Cambodian Disabled Peoples' Organization (CDPO) Guyana Canada Julie LEWIS Guyana Coalition of Citizens with Disability (GCCD) – DPI Guyana Laurie BEACHELL Council of Canadians with Disabilities – DPI Canada Haiti National Associative Network for the Integration of Disabled Michael BACH Canadian Association for Community Living Marie Jessie ALEXANDRE MUSCADIN Peoples-DPI Haiti Cape Verde Honduras David CARDOSO Associacao Caboverdana de Defcientes (ACD) Ana María CANALES DE MUNGUIA ROCAFAM Chile Dayana MARTINEZ DPI Honduras Paulina CAVADA ANDDI-DPI Chile Hungary Catalina DUPRÉ. S Fundación Rostros Nuevos Eva CAESAR MEOSZ-DPI Hungary China Erzsébet SZEKERES Foundation for Equal Rights You LIANG China Disabled Persons Federation (CDPF) – DPI China Gyulavári TAMÁS Academic Network of European Disability experts (ANED) Colombia India Federación Colombiana de Organizaciones de Personas con Discapaci- Carlos ADOLFO SÁNCHEZ dad Física (FECODIF) Tulika DAS SANCHAR Cook Islands Javed ABIDI DPI India Tuki WRIGHT Cook Islands National Disability Council Parul GHOSH Senior Project Coordinator, Disabled People's International Cote d'Ivoire Indonesia Djéréké Raphaël RAPHAËL DOGO FAHCI – DPI Cote d'Ivoire Sunarman SUKAMTO CBR DTC Solo Croatia Ireland Marijana JANKOVIĆ Association for Promoting Inclusion Subsidiary Zagreb Charles O'MAHONY National University of Ireland, Galway Marinka BAKULA ANĐELIĆ Zagreb’s City Ofce for Social Protection and Persons with Disabilities Conor NEWMAN Former Centre For Disability Law and Policy, NUI Galway Cuba Marion WILKINSON National Disability Authority

Annex 152 Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Israel Portugal Esther SIVAN Bizchut Helena Vaz DA SILVA Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian Italy Ana Maria SANTOS Associaçao Portuguesa de Defcientes-DPI Portugal Rita BARBUTO DPI Italia Onlus Helena VAZ DA SILVA Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian Elizabeth FRANCHINI Fondazione Banca del Monte di Lucca Romania Federatia Organizatia Nationala a Persoanelor cu Handicap din Luca FANUCCI University of Pisa Silvia URSU Romania-DPI Romania Amalia SCHIRRU MP Camera dei Deputati Motivation Rita BARBUTO DPI Italia Onlus Russia Jamaica Sergey ROTGON All Russian Society of Disabled People-DPI Russia Gloria GOFFE Combined Disabilities Association – DPI Jamaica Samoa Disability Council Ofce: Rainbow of Love National Council of People with Disabilities in Japan Faatino MASUNU UTUMAPU Samoa – DPI Samoa Jun NAKAGAWA Hokusei Gaukuen University Senegal Fédération Sénégalaise des Associations de Personnes Handicapées Ryoko SAKURABA University of Kobe Yatma FALL – DPI Senegal Kenya Serbia National Organization of Persons with Disabilities of Serbia – DPI Joseph NJENGA United Disabled Persons of Kenya UDPK-DPI Kenya Ivanka JOVANOVIC Serbia Kosovo Dragana CIRIC MILOVANOVIC Disability Rights International Zamira HYSENI DURAKU Kosovo Mental Disability Rights Initiative Sierra Leone Yllka BUZHALA Kosovo Mental Disability Rights Initiative Kabba BANGURA Disability Awareness Action Group – DPI Sierra Leone Latinamerica Singapore Maria Isabel FARIAS-EXNER Regional Development Ofcer, DPI-Latin America Marissa Lee MEDJERAL Disabled People's Association-DPI Singapore Latvia Slovakia The Latvian Umbrella Body for Disability Organizations SUSTEN - Gunta ANCA TO-DPI Latvia Miss DEKÁNKOVÁ Alliance of Organizations of Disabled Peoples Slovakia-DPI Slovakia Lebanon Stefan GRAJCAR Republiková rada SZTP Sylvana LAKKIS Lebanese Physically Handicapped Union Katarina SELESTIAKOVA Slovak Disability Council Association for the Theory and Culture of Handicap YHD – DPI Lesotho Elena PEČARIČ Slovenia Nkhasi SEFUTHI Lesotho National Federation of the Disabled (LNFOD) – DPI Lesotho Center KORAK Mateja Korošec Macedonia South Africa Zoran STOJKOVSKI Center for Institutional Development-CIRa Jabulane BLOSE Disabled People South Africa-DPI South Africa Elena KOCOSKA Polio Plus – movement against disability-DPI Macedonia Thomas ONG'OLO The Secretariat of the African Decade of Persons with Disabilities Malawi JaeWon KIM Sungkyunkwan University Law School Mussa CHIWAULA FEDOMA-DPI Malawi Spain Malaysia Juan GARCÍA OLMO COCEMFE-DPI Spain Noor Yasmin ABDUL KARIM CBR Network Malaysia Lourdes MÁRQUEZ DE LA CALLEJA Fundación ONCE Maldives Laura DIEGO GARCÍA Directorate General of Policies to Disability Support, Ministry of Health Shidhatha SHAREEF Care Society Patricia CUENCA GÓMEZ University of San Carlos III Mauritius Sri Lanka Jacques LIMKEE Federation of Disabled Persons' Organizations Mauritius – DPI Mauritius Premadasa DISSANAYAKE Sri Lanka Foundation For The Rehabilitation Of The Disabeld Sri Lanka Confederation of Organisations of the Handicapped Mexico Charles MENDIS People-DPI Sri Lanka Sofía GALVÁN Disability Rights International St Vincent and the Grenadines Confederacion mexicana de limitados fsicos y representantes de National Society of Persons with disAbilities (NSPD) – DPI St Vincent Raul HERNANDEZ ALCALA defcientes mentales .a.c-DPI Mexico Patricia CUMBERBATCH and the Grenadines Moldova St. Kitts and Nevis Dan STIRBU UNIVER-MOL LTD Anthony MILLS DPI St. Kitts and Nevis Montenegro St. Lucia National Council of Persons with Disabilities Incorporated-DPI St. Anica-Maja BOLJEVIC| Fund for Active Citizenship – fAKT Krishna SATNEY Lucia Myanmar Sweden Zaw Moe AUNG The Leprosy Mission International (TLMI) Annika ÅKERBERG Juris Humani Nepal Switzerland Prakash WAGLE National CBR NETWORK Barbara MARTI AGILE Behinderten-Selbsthilfe Schweiz-DPI Switzerland Shudarson SUBEDI National Federation of the Disabled-DPI Nepal Caroline HESS-KLEIN Égalité Handicap Netherlands Barbara MURRAY International Labour Organization Keirsten DE JONGH Equal Treatment Commission (ETC) Hans-Horst KONKOLEWSKI International Social Security Association (ISSA) Lisa WADDINGTON University of Maastricht Tanzania Rienk PRINS Astri Research & Consultancy Group Novatus RUKWAGO SHIVYAWATA – DPI Tanzania New Zealand Thailand Rachel NOBLE Disabled Persons Assembly Inc. (DPANZ) – DPI New Zealand Sawang SRISOM Network of Music and Arts of Persons with Disability-DPI Thailand Nicaragua Bahamas Organización de Revolucionarios Discapacitados, (ORD) – DPI Disabled Persons' Organization (DPO) of The Bahamas-DPI The Wilber TORRES Nicaragua William E. LIGHTBOURNE Bahamas Sandra LORENA DARCE MENDOZA Femucadi Togo Niger Katatchom PALACBAWY FETAPH – DPI Togo Fédération Nigerienne des Personnes Handicapées (FNPH) – DPI Maiga IDRISS Niger Tunisia Nigeria Imed EDDINE CHAKER Union Nationale des Aveugles de Tunisie – DPI Tunisia Joint National Association of Persons with Disabilities (JONAPWD) Danlami BASHARU – DPI Nigeria Turkey North America and the Caribbean Türk Özürlüler Vakfı Leslie EMANUEL Regional Development Ofcer, DPI-NAC Ukraine Norway Tetyana PEREPELYTSIA National Assembly of People with Disabilities of Ukraine Berit VEGHEIM Stopp Diskrimineringen United Kingdom Jan TØSSEBRO Norwegian University of Science & Technology Guy PARCKAR Leonard Cheshire Disability United Kingdom’s Disabled People’s Council (UKDPC) – DPI United Pakistan Jaspal DHANI Kingdom Mohammed MOBIN UDDIN Pakistan Disabled People Organization (PDPO) – DPI Pakistan Kayoko TATSUMI Leonard Cheshire Disability Ghulam NABI NIZAMANI All Sanghar Handicaps' Association (ASHA) Liz SAYCE Disability Rights UK Panama United States José BATISTA Asociacion Nacional de Personas Impedidas (ANPI) – DPI Panama Andrea SHETTLE United States International Council on Disabilities-DPI USA Peru † Charles SIEGAL Munger, Tolles & Olson, LLP Confederación Nacional de Discapacitados del Perú (CONFENADIP) Wilfredo GUZMAN JARA – DPI Peru Bruce CURTIS World Institute on Disability Philippines Vanuatu Josephine DE VERA KAMPI-DPI Philippines Nelly CALEB Disability Promotion & Advocacy Association – DPI Vanuatu

Zero Project Network 153 Research Network 2013–2014 List of all persons that have contributed to the research on Accessibility

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Afghanistan Peter MILBRADT easy entrance Bundesministerium fuer Arbeit, Soziales und Konsumentenschutz Accessibility Organization for Afghan Disabled (AOAD) – DPI Associate Karin MILLER-FAHRINGER (BMASK) Algeria Stefan MOSBÖCK Fédération Algérienne des Personnes Handicapées (FAPH); DPI Member Marion MOSER CEDOS Antigua y Barbuda Julia NEUSCHMID Ceit Alanova Antigua & Barbuda Association of Persons with Disabilities (ABAPD) Gerhard NEUSTAETTER TU-Wien Argentina Eva NITTMANN Light for the World Defensoría del Turista área perteneciente a la Defensoría del Pueblo Mario PIRONI de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Wolfgang NOWAK Institut Wiener Kreis/Universität Wien Ente Nacional Coordinador de Instituciones de Discapacitados (ENCIDIS) Willi NOWAK VCÖ-Mobilitaet mit Zukunft Armenia Doris OSSBERGER Arbeitsgruppe "Barrierefreie Geldausgabeautomaten" "Agate" Center for Women with Special Needs NGO – DPI Associate Gerlinde PASCHINGER Aussenministerium Österreich Australia Stefan PAUSER OeZIV-Oesterreichischer Zivil-Invalidenverband Michael CURRAN NV Access Limited Martin PETERL SPÖ Korneuburg Mary KEOGH CBM Christofel Blind Mission Manfred POLZER Berufiche Bildungs – und Rehabilitationszentrum Sheila KING Australia For All Alliance Inc Nina PUTZENLECHNER Career Moves Neil MCAUSLAN Vocational Education & Training DEEWR GOV AU Vera REBL DanceAbility Rosemary MCKAY Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) Tanja REICHL hoerwelt-barrierefrei hoeren Patrick O'LEARY Grifth University Marie RINGLER Ashoka Oesterreich Amelia STARR Livable Housing Australia Rupert RONIGER Light for the World Bundesministerium fuer Arbeit, Soziales und Konsumentenschutz Christine WALTON Australian Disability and Development Consortium (ADDC) Max RUBISCH (BMASK) Australian Federation of Disability Organisations (AFDO) Erwin SCHAUER Bank Austria Austria Stefan SCHAUHUBER ÖEGS barrierefrei Andrea ANGERMANN Wien Work integr. Betriebe und AusbildungsgmbH Anton SCHMALHOFER Dachverband Wiener Sozialeinrichtungen Helga BACHLEITNER Hilfsgemeinschaft der Blinden und Sehschwachen Österreichs Karin SCHMID ifS Vorarlberg (Institut für Sozialdienste) Regina BAUMGARTL KOBV – Kriegsopfer-und Behindertenverband Hedi SCHNITZER-VOGET, MAS OeZIV-Oesterreichischer Zivil-Invalidenverband Doris BECKER-MACHREICH OeZIV-Oesterreichischer Zivil-Invalidenverband Eva SCHRAMMEL Lebenshilfe Oesterreich Werner BISCHOF FH-JOANNEUM GmbH Guenther SCHUSTER Bundessozialamt Oesterreich Albert BRANDSTAETTER Lebenshilfe Oesterreich Alina SERBAN Erste Stiftung Ludwig BREICHNER KOBV Korneuburg Sidonie STEIN Erste Bank der österreichischen Sparkassen Erwin BUCHINGER Behindertenanwaltschaft Christine STIX-HACKL Aussenministerium Österreich Klaus CANDUSSI atempo GmbH Johannes TRIMMEL Light for the World Rocio CERVERA International Union of Socialist Youth – IUSI Bettina URBANEK VCÖ-Mobilitaet mit Zukunft Gregor DEMBLIN Career Moves Kristin VAVTAR Seraphisches Liebeswerk der Kapuziner Dlin Efa DORINGER PlanSinn GmbH Irene VOGEL Hilfsgemeinschaft der Blinden und Sehschwachen Österreichs Günter EMBERGER TU Wien – Institut für Verkehrswissenschaft Christian VOGELAUER WU Wien, Institut für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik Bernadette FEUERSTEIN Selbstbestimmt Leben Österreich Monika VYSLOUZIL FH St. Pölten Walburga FROEHLICH atempo GmbH Monika WAGNER Hunger auf Kunst und Kultur Elmar W.M. FÜRST WU Wien, Institut für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik Johannes WALLNER Dachverband Oesterreichischer Heimleiter Wolfgang GLASER Selbstbestimmt Leben Oberösterreich Veronika WEIßENBACH ifS Vorarlberg Renate HACKL Land Oberösterreich, Abteilung Soziales Susanne WIEDENHOFER Bundessozialamt Susanne HEINRICH Aussenministerium Österreich Azerbaijan Klaus HÖCKNER Hilfsgemeinschaft der Blinden und Sehschwachen Österreichs Davud RAHIMOV Society For International Cooperation of Disabled People Isabel HOEGLINGER Freiraum – Europa Davud REHIMLI Union of Disabled People Organisation (UDPO) Bundesministerium fuer Arbeit, Soziales und Konsumentenschutz The Society "For International Cooperation of Disabled People" of Hansjörg HOFER (BMASK) Azerbaijan David HOFER LIFEtool Bahamas Maria HOPPE Die Grünen SeniorInnen Kärnten Disabled Persons' Organization Franz-Joseph HUAINIGG OeVP Parlamentsklub Bangladesh Wolfgang ILLEK Wings for Life Shamim AHMED WaterAid Bangladesh Dietmar JANOSCHEK Freiraum – Europa Nazmul BARI Centre for Disability and Development Helene JARMER Member of the Austrian Parliament, Gruener Klub Mahfuj-ur RAHMAN WaterAid Bangladesh Thomas JETZINGER Fachhochschule Oberösterreich Nusrat ZERIN Sightsavers Interessenvertretung behinderte Menschen in der Stadt Wien und Bangladeshi Systems Change Advocacy Network (B-SCAN) – DPI Franz KARL ÖAR Associate Norbert KNOPP Bank Austria National Forum of Organizations Working with the Disabled (NFOWD) Martin KRAEMER Aussenministerium Österreich National Resource Centre on Deafblindness Siegfried KREUTZER FAB – Virtual Ofce Barbados Erwin KUBESCH Aussenministerium Österreich Barbados National Organization of the Disabled (BARNOD) Otto LAMBAUER Caritas Wien Belgium Michael LINHART Aussenministerium Österreich Irene BERTANA EASPD Johanna MANG Light for the World Pamela BRUMTER-CORET European Commission Daniele MARANO Hilfsgemeinschaft der Blinden und Sehschwachen Österreichs Paul D'AUCHAMP Regional Representative of the UN High Commissioner for HR Stefan MARCHEWA Diakoniewerk Österreich Katrijn DEKONINCK EASPD Katharina MEICHENITSCH Diakonie Oesterreich Mario DJURAGIC Republika Srpska Representation in Belgium Christina MEIERSCHITZ OeAR Sabrina FERRAINA EASPD Michael MEYER Wirtschaftsuniversitaet Wien, NPO Institut Damir FILIPOVIC Digitaleurope Klaus MIESENBERGER University of Linz Geert FREYHOFF Inclusion Europe

Annex 154 Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Katrien GELDERS ENSA – Intro events Pedro CHANA Corporacion CETRAM Pieter GHIJSELS Tourism Board of Flanders-Brussels Pamela MOLINA The Trust for the Americas Liz GOSME European Federation of National Organisations Asociación Nacional de Personas Discapacitadas (ANDI) Javier GUEMES European Disability Forum China Marian HARKIN European Parliament China Disabled Persons' Federation (CDPF) Markku JOKINEN European Union of the Deaf (EUD) China – Hong Kong Rudi KENNES Flemish Agency for Persons with a Disability (VAPH) Kam-yuen Allen CHAN Hong Kong Federation of Handicapped Youth Petra LETAVAYOVA Inclusion Europe Fanny CHEUNG Labour and Welfare Bureau, Hong Kong City Miguel Ángel MARTÍN RAMOS Fundacion Academia Europea de Yuste Stephen SUI Labour and Welfare Bureau, Hong Kong City Julia MEUTER EVPA Janet TAM ADAHK Tine MISSINNE Westkans vzw Eric W.C. TAM Hong Kong Polytechnic University Catherine NAUGHTON Christofel Blind Mission Colombia Maria OREJAS CHANTELOT European Foundation Centre Maria Eugenia ANZOLA TAVERA Red Iberoamericana de Accesibilidad (RIADIS) Pierrette PAPE European Women's Lobby Cesar AREVALO Red Iberoamericana de Accesibilidad (RIADIS) Serafn PAZOS-VIDAL Convention of Scottish Local Authorities Constanza DEL PILAR GONZALEZ MORATO Centro Comercial Gran Estaciòn SIN LIMITES An ROMMEL ENSA – Knowledge centre social Europe Sandra ECHEVERRI DUQUE Red Iberoamericana de Accesibilidad (RIADIS) Annica RYNGBECK Social Platform Gustavo Alberto HINCAPIE CORRALES Corporación Discapacidad Colombia-Tecnoayudas Ramon SANMARTIN SOLA European Commission Mauro Camilo MORA NÚÑEZ Ministry of Technology, Information and Communications Marcel J.G. SMEETS Social Economy Europe Adriana SUAREZ VASQUEZ Alcaldia de Medellin, Unidad de Discapacidad Sonia STASKOWIAK EASPD Congo Filip THIEREN KVG Union Nationale des Handicapes du Congo (UNHACO) Rafal TRZASKOWSKI European Parliament Cook Islands Pauline VAN DEN BOSCH European Vocational Training Association Cook Islands National Disability Council (CINDC) Anne WAGENFUHR Deutscher Caritasverband e.V. Costa Rica Francoise WERI Handicap International Belgium Luis Fernando ASTORGA GATJENS Instituto Interamericano sobre Discapacidad y Desarrollo Inclusivo Mark WHEATLEY European Union of the Deaf (EUD) Catalina DEVANDAS AGUILAR Disability Rights Fund DRF Julia WOLHANDLER International Disability and Development Consortium Croatia Luc ZELDERLOO EASPD Croatian Union of Associations of Persons with Disabilities KVG – Katholieke Vereniging Gehandicapten vzw Czech Republic ENIL Belgium Czech National Disability Council International Disability and Development Consortium Denmark Belize Karin BENDIXEN Design for All Belize Assembly for Persons with Diverse Abilities (BAPDA) Stig LANGVAD Danske Handicaporganisationer Benin Torben SVANBERG Vanførefonden (The Danish Disability Foundation) Federation des Associations des Personnes Handicapees du Benin Disabled People Organization DPOD Bhutan Domican Republic

Disabled Person's Association of Bhutan – DPI Associate Federación Nacional de Discapacitados Dominicanos (FENADID) Bolivia Ecuador Confederación Boliviana de Personas con Discapacidad (COBOPDI) Alex CAMACHO RIADIS (Red Iberoamericana de Accesibilidad) Bosnia Herzegovina Ana FISHER RIADIS (Red Iberoamericana de Accesibilidad) Informativni Centar za Osobe sa Invaliditetom "Lotos", Tuzla – DPI Federación Nacional de Ecuatorianos con Discapacidad Física Associate (FENEDIF) Brazil Secretaría Técnica de Discapacidades (Setedis) Rodrigo BINOTTO GREVETTI URBS – Urbanização de Curitiba S/A Egypt Arab Organization of Persons with Disabilities (AOPD) – Egyptian Luis Henrique DA SILVEIRA MAUCH Mais Diferenças Union of organization of persons with disabilities Barbosa & Dias Advogados Associados and Storto Reicher Joelson DIAS Advogados CEOSS Local Development Unit – DPI Associate Ariel KOGAN Rede Nossa São Paulo Seven Million Disabled – DPI Associate Helena MONTEIRO Worldwide initiative for Grantmakes support – WINGS El Salvador Isabel Cristina PESSÔA GIMENES RIOinclui – Obra Social da CIdade do Rio de Janeiro Meelika SIILSALU Pane oma meeled proovile Asociación Cooperativa de Grupo Independiente Pro Rehabilitación Shirley RODRIGUES MAIA Ahimsa Aasoc. Educ. (ACOGIPRI) RIADIS; Fundación Red de Sobrevivientes y Personas con Claudia WERNECK Escola de Gente – Comunicação em Inclusão Discapacidad Barbosa & Dias Advogados Associados and Storto Reicher Advogados Estonia Burkina Faso Sven KÖLLAMETS NGO Händikäpp FEBAH Kalle TAMMEMÄE Tallinn University of Technology Burundi Ethiopia Union des Personnes Handicapees du Burundi (UPHB) Yetnebersh NIGUSSIE Ethiopian Center for Disability and Development (ECDD) Cambodia Ethiopian Federation of People with Disabilities (FENAPD) Ngin SAORATH Cambodian Disabled People's Organization (CDPO) Finland Cameroon Pirjo POIKONEN ENSA – City of Helsinki Cameroon Disable Persons Association (CDPA) – DPI Associate Abilis Foundation Canada The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Diane BERGERON CNIB France Eric HOSKINS Ontario Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Catherine AGIUS Fondation de France Ann HOY Ontario Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Herve ALLART Delta Process Jerry LUCAS Vice President of Programs, March of Dimes Canada Francois-Xavier BOIS Kernix Robert PEARSON AMI Max BOUVY Centre des Monuments Nationaux Marnie PETERS Global Alliance on Accessible Technologies and Environments (GAATES) Bénédicte CAPELLE-PERCEVAL Musée de la musique – Cité de la musique Aqeel QURESHI Global Alliance on Accessible Technologies and Environments (GAATES) Sandra CECIARINI Council of European Municipalities and Region Bob TOPPING Global Alliance on Accessible Technologies and Environments (GAATES) Martine CONIN ENSA – Conseil Général du Val-deMarne Jutta TREVIRANUS OCAD University Mary CRASS OECD / International Transport Forum Canadian Association for Community Living Laurent DEPOND Orange Cape Verde Veronique DOUX-MAROT IBM France Associacao Caboverdana de Defcientes (ACD) Francois Rene GERMAIN Orange Chile Suzanne GORGE Centre Français des Fonds et Fondations Daniela ALBUQUERQUE Corporacion CETRAM Bernadette GROSYEUX Mutualité Fonction Publique Action Santé Social Paulina CAVADA ANDDI Chile Virginie GUERIN Delta Process

Zero Project Network 155 RESEARCH NETWORK 2013–2014

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization

Michael GUY Handicap International Asociación Nacional de Discapacitados de Honduras (ANADISH) Regis HERBIN CRIDEV Hungary Francoise LAURENT Centre de la Gabrielle Pal BARTOS Hallatlan Stiftung Viviane LORCERY-SEKERCIOGLU Fondation des Amis de l'Atelier Zsuzsanna CSANYI Salva Vita Alapitvany Julie MALLEGOL ENSA – Conseil Général du Val-deMarne Balint DVARIECZKI Alko Soft Bt. Martine MARAS Saint-Etienne Métropole Gabor GOMBOS Mental Disability Advocacy Center Gary MAY European Blind Union Annamaria HORVATH NESsT Dominique NOGENT Orange Szofa KALMAN Bliss Foundation Antonella NOYA OECD centre for Entrepreneurship Stefania KAPRONCZAY Hungarian Civil Liberties Union Denis PELSY Fondation Les Amis de l'Atelier Andrea MESZAROS Blue Bird Foundation Samuel POULINGUE SCOP Le Messageur Maglajlic REIMA ANA Mental Disability Advocacy Center Francoise REYNETTE Artesens Susan TREADWELL Open Society Foundation Sylvie VASSALO Centre de Promotion du Livre de Jeunesse 93 Eva VARGA NESsT Centre Francais de Fonds et Fondations Foundation for equal rights Gambia Iceland Gambia Federation of the Disabled (GFD) The Organisation of Disabled in Iceland Georgia India Parsa Javed ABIDI Disabled People's International (DPI) Germany Anjlee AGARWAL Samarthyam Andreas BETHKE DBSV Shamnad BASHEER National University of Juridical Sciences Christian BÜHLER Universität Dortmund Isaac GEORGE Wipro Infotech Matthias GILLMANN Fortbildungsakademie der Wirtschaft gGmbH Shivani GUPTA National Inistitute of Universal Design Gerd GRENNER Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt, City of Berlin Sminu JINDAL Svayam Katrin GRÜBER Institut Mensch, Ethik und Wissenschaft gGmbH (IMEW) Shilpi KAPOOR BarrierBreak Guido GRYCZAN C1 WPS GmbH Jitendra MANDALIA DIT, Government of Maharashtra Anke HANNIG Gehörlosenverband München und Umland e.V. Nirmita NARASIMHAN Centre for Internet and Society Karen HAUBENREISSER Forum Eine Mitte für Alle Hamburg Abha NEGI Svayam Laura HAVERKAMP Ashoka Deutschland GmbH Shri G.R. RAGHAVENDER Registrar of Copyrights Ursula HOERMANNSDORFER Verbavoice Albina SHANKAR Mobility India MI Georg HORCHER ENSA – Kreis Ofenbach Satendra SINGH University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital Delhi Beate HÜBNER Landesvereinigung Selbsthilfe Berlin e.V. M. SRINIVASULU Network of Persons with Disabilities Organisations Raul KRAUTHAUSEN Sozialhelden Sara VARUGHESE CBM Christofel Blind Mission Klaus LACHWITZ Deutscher Behindertenrat AccessAbility Shishu Sarothi (Centre for Rehabilitation and Training for Multiple Udo LOHREIT Disabilities) Thomas MARCZINZIK In der Gemeinde leben gGmbH Indonesia Barbara MOUNIER Spass am Lesen Verlag FX. Hady RUDYATMO Mayor of Solo City Michaela NACHTRAB Verbavoice Yosca Herman SOEDRAJAD Transportation, Information and Communication Dep. Solo City André NECKE Bundesministerium fuer Arbeit und Soziales Sunarman SUKAMTO CBR Development and Training Centre Solo Christiane NOE CBM Christofel Blind Mission Indonesian Disabled People Association Birgit NOFFTZ Kombia GbR Iran André NOWAK Berlin Disability Union Disability Association of Tavana Killian O'BRIEN ERA Academy of European Law Iranian Disability Support Association Christian PAPADOPOULOS Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales Iraq Arab Organization of Persons with Disabilities (AOPD) – Iraqi Rolf PAPENFUSS Zentralverband des Deutschen Handwerks e. V., Gathering of persons with disabilities Michael PREUSS Forum Eine Mitte für Alle Little People Association in Baghdad – DPI Associate Rudi SAILER Deutscher Gehoerlosen-Bund e.V. Ireland Lieselotte SCHNELL Stiftung Lauenstein Barry BUCKLEY Muscular Dystrophy Ireland Ulf-D. SCHWARZ Bundesverband Selbsthilfe Körperbehinderter e.V. Caroline CASEY Kanchi Ilja SEIFERT Member of the German Parliament, Die Linken Breda CASEY National University of Ireland Galway Peter WAWRIK Caritasverband fuer den Kreis Soest e.V. Madeleine CLARKE Genio Trust Martin WEBER Behörde für Arbeit, Soziales, Familie und Integration Hamburg (FHH) Gerald CRADDOCK Centre for Excellence in Universal Design Silke WEIGELE Verbavoice Catherine DEASLEY Oasam Foodstore Ltd German Council for Selfdetermined Living Mark DYER Trinity College Interessensgemeinschaft Handicap, Uni Bremen Carol FARRELL Special Olympics Ireland Ghana Eilionoir FLYNN National University of Ireland Galway SEFAKOR GRATE- FUL-MIRANDA KOMABU-POMEYIE Enlightening and empowering PWD Fiona HANNON Industry Representative Alexander TETTEH Centre for Employment of PWD Alison HARNETT National Federation of Voluntary Bodies, Ghana Federation of the Disabled (GFD) Brian KEARNEY-GRIEVE Atlantic Philanthropies Greece Mary KEOGH CBM Christofel Blind Mission Ioannis BISTAS Margarita Special Vocational Training Aidan LEAVY Plan Ireland Panayota MARKOMIHALI Margarita Special Vocational Training Micheal MCCABE Manager Centre of Independent Living Lenia VLAVIANOU Stavros Niarchos Foundation James MCCLEAN People with disabilities in Ireland Ltd Paraplegic's Asociation of Drama Gerard QUINN National University of Ireland Galway Grenada Centre for Disability Law and Policy Sports and Social Centre for People with Disabilities (Cairde Le Grenada National Council of the Disabled (GNCD) Chéile) Guatemala Israel Marco Aurelio COLINDRES ESTRADA Consultora IPILCO Bila BERG Legal Advisor Ministry of Justice Jorge CROY Trickle Up Avital SANDLER-LOEFF JDC-Israel / Israel Unlimited Rota GONNA Christofel Blind Mission Naomi SCHREUER NOVA, Norwegian Social Research Guinea Yoyval WAGNER Access Israel Federation Guineenne pour la Promotion des Associations de et pour Personnes Handicapees (FEGUIPAH) Italy Haiti Taddeo ALBANESE ENOF – Toscana Benjamin DARD CBM – Christian Blind Mission Lorenzon ALFIERI Associazione Italiana Editori National Associative Network for the Integration of Disabled Persons (RANIPH) Lucia BARACCO Lettura Agevolata Associazione Onlus Honduras Paolo BENEDETTI Provincia di Lucca

Annex 156 RESEARCH NETWORK 2013–2014

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Monicaelisa BETTIN Comune di Venezia Luxembourg Mitzi BOLLANI Arch Mitzi Bollani Silvio SAGRAMOLA National Disability Information and Meeting Center INFO HANDICAP – Centre National D'information et de Rencontre Daniela BRUNELLI Società Letteraria di Verona du Handicap Igor CALCAGNO Osservatorio sulle Barriere Architettoniche di Fossano Macedonia (FYROM) Pasqualino CARPENSANO Centro Didattico IAO Miniestero Afari Ester Firenze Vladimir LAZOVSKI Open the Windows Annalisa CIAVATTA San Marino 2000 s.c.r.l. Polio Plus – Movement Against Disability Mussinelli CRISTINA EDISER SRL Madagascar Plate Forme des Federations des Personnes Handicapees de Alessandro DALLA PIETÀ onlusgondole4all Madagascar (PFPH/MAD) Tommaso DANIELE Forum Italiano sulla Disabilita Malawi Alessandro ESEGIO Domus Natura System SRL Federation of Disability Organizations of Malawi (FEDOMA) Nicoletta FERRARI DisMappa: mappa di Verona accessibile Malaysia Virginia MARCI Regional Parliament Anthony AROKIA Acting Mobility President Barbara MARTINELLI Comune di Lucca, Ufcio Strade Dalilah BEE ABDULLAH Kuala Lumpur City Hall Training Institute Puan Sharifah Eugenio MIGLIARINI Istituto Nazionale per la Mobilità Autonoma dei Ciechi e Ipovedenti Junidah SYED OMAR Urban and Building Design Department, Kuala Lumpur Antonio PASCALE GESAC s.p.a. Mali Fédération Malienne des Associations de Personnes Handicapées Marco PIZZIO AISM – Associazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla (FEMAPH) Franca PREGNOLATO ASSOCIAZIONE ARTEPERTUTTI Mauritania Fédération Mauritanienne des Associations Nationales des Personnes Tiziano TAGLIANI Comune di Ferrara Handicapées (FEMANPH) Roberto VITALI Village for All Mauritius Donata VIVANTI European Disability Forum EDF Federation of Disabled Persons' Organizations Mauritius Edizioni Angolo Manzoni Mexico Fondazione Banca del Monte di Lucca Flavia Ester ANAU CAI Piña Palmera AC Ivory Coast Mariano ENRIQUEZ CAI Piña Palmera AC Fédération des Associations des Handicapés de Cote d’Ivoire (FAHCI) Klaudia GONZALEZ RENAPRED Jamaica Sofía Galván PUENTE Disability Rights International DRI Combined Disabilities Association (CDA) Carlos Ignacio RAMIREZ Red Iberoamericana de Accesibilidad Japan Irene TORICES RODARTE Grupo educativo interdisciplinario Confederación Mexicana de Limitados Físicos y Representante de Tomoko HIKUMA Den-en Chofu University Defcientes Mentales A.C. Yoshikazu IKEHARA (SUIGURA) Tokyo Advocacy Law Ofce Moldova Yasunobu ISHII Nippon Foundation Ludmila MALCOCI, PH.D. Keystone Moldova Hiroshi KAWAMURA Assistive Technology Deveopment Organization Association of the Deaf of Republic Moldova Satoshi KOSE Shizuoka University of Art and Culture Centre of Legal Assistance for People with Disabilities – DPI Associate Osamu NAGASE Japanese Disability Forum Centre “Speranţa” Daisuke SAWADA ECOMO Foundation Montenegro Norie SUZUKI Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Velibor BOSKOVIC Association of Youth with Disabilities of Montenegro Kazuhiro TERANISHI Sekisui House Milenko VOJIČIĆ Disability Rights Promotion International (DRPI) Asia Disability Institute Marina VUJACIC Association of Youth with Disabilities of Montenegro Japan National Assembly of Disabled Peoples' International (DPI Japan) Morocco Jordan Morocco Forum “Disabilities and Rights" – DPI Associate Mohammed AL-TARAWNEH Cross borders development consultancies /CRPD Member Mozambique Luma HAMDAN Arab Foundation Forum Dirce NURMAHOMED Handicap International – Mozambique Fórum das Associações Moçambicanas dos Defcientes (FAMOD) Atallah KUTTAB Welfare Association – DPI Member Rana MATAR King's Academy – Round Square Nepal Arab Organization of Persons with Disabilities (AOPD) – Jordanian Coalition of persons with disabilities Raj Pokharel BIRENDRA National Federation of the Disabled Nepal (NFDN) – DPI Member High Council for People with Disabilities from Jordan – DPI Associate Netherlands Human Society for Rights of PWD – DPI Associate Branko HAGEN Landelijke Cliëntenraad Rights and Development Center – DPI Associate Esther LEVER Mama Cash Women’s Fund The National Center for Human Rights Ingrid TUINENBURG De Nederlandse Stichting voor het Gehandicapte Kind Kazakhstan Lisa WADDINGTON Maastricht University Ali AMANBAYEV Almaty City Society of People with Disabilities AGOI Anthony POLYCHRONAKIS ENSA – City of Rotterdam Kenya New Zealand Chris JAMES Able Child Africa Disabled Persons Assembly (New Zealand) Inc. – DPI Member Kirstin LEE BOSTELMANN CBM Christofel Blind Mission Nicaragua Jayne MUEMA Leonard Cheshire Disability East & N-Africa Regional Ofce Pedro ROMERO GUERRERO ADIFIM African Rehabilitation Institute Reyna Juanita RUEDA Secretaria del Concejo Municipal de Managua-Político United Disabled Persons of Kenya (UDPK) Organización de Revolucionarios Discapacitados (ORD) – DPI Member Kosovo Niger Fédération Nigérienne des Personnes Handicapées (FNPH) – DPI Laurie AHERN Disability Rights International DRI Member Hiljmnijeta APUK Little People of Kosova Nigeria Kyrgyzstan Idowu Grace FOLUKE Independent Living Programme for PWD Gulmira KAZAKUNOVA OO Souz invalidov Issykkulskoi oblasti, RAVENSTVO Grace Foluke IDOWU Independent Living Programme for PWD Association of Parents of Children with Disabilities (ARDI) – DPI Associate Sergio MAINETTI CBM Christofel Blind Mission Laos Eric NDUBUEZE UFOM JONAPWD Laos Disabled People's Association (LDPA) James AIREOMIYE MELCHY OLAMIDE Prosthese Disability Economic Empowerment Projects Joint National Association of Person with Disabilities (JONAPWD) Lebanon – DPI Member Arab Organization of Persons with Disabilities (AOPD) – Lebanese Jahda Kamal ABOU KHALIL Council of Disabled People (LCDP) Norway Arab Organization of Persons with Disabilities (AOPD) – Lebanese Nawaf KABBARA Council of Disabled People (LCDP) Karin ANDERSEN National Parliament Sylvana LAKKIS Lebanese Physical Handicapped Union Haakon ASPELUND Universal Design 2012 Oslo Arc En Ciel – DPI Associate Magnus BERGLUND Scandic Hotels Lebanese Down Syndrome Association – DPI Associate Rune HALVORSEN Norwegian Social Research Institute Lesotho Eli KNØSEN Antidiscrimination and Equality Ombud Lesotho National Federation of Organizations of the Disabled (LNFOD) Mikael SNAPRUD Tingtun AS Libya Jan TØSSEBRO Norwegian University of Science and Technology Arab Organization of Persons with Disabilities (AOPD) – Musawa 2 project Berit VEGHEIM Stop Diskrimineeringen All Together for Women with Disability – DPI Associate The Civil Rights Foundation Stop Discrimination

Zero Project Network 157 RESEARCH NETWORK 2013–2014

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Oman Slovakia Alliance of Organizations of Disabled People Slovakia (AOZPO) – DPI Oman Paralympic Committee – DPI Associate Member Pakistan Slovenia YHD-Association for the Theory and Culture of Handicap – DPI Ali SHABBAR Khuddar Pakistan Member Muhammad Atif SHEIKH Special Talent Exchange Program Somalia Horn of Africa Aid and Rehabilitation Action Network (HAARAN) – DPI Civil Society Human and Institutional Development Programme (CHIP) Associate Disabled Peoples' International – Pakistan – DPI Member South Africa Palestine Mkuseli APLENI Department of Home Afairs Arab Organization of Persons with Disabilities (AOPD) – Musawa 2 project Carol BOSCH Cape Mental Health General Palestinian Union for People with Disabilities – DPI Associate Sandra BROWN South African Reserve Bank Panama Vincent DANIELS Cape Town Society for the Blind Asociación Nacional de Personas con Discapacidad (ANPI) – DPI Member Guy DAVIES Disability Solutions Papua New Guinea Susan DIPPENAAR Athena – Interactive Training Network (Pty) Ltd. PNG National Assembly of Disabled People (NADP) – DPI Member Amanda GIBBERD Universal Design in Public Transport, National Ministry Peru Brett HERRON Transport for Cape Town Carlos Enrique CONTRERAS RÍOS Municipalidad de Mirafores Themba KGASI Department of Home Afairs Luis Miguel DEL AGUILA UMERES Fundación Caminando Utopías Shona MCDONALD Shonaquip Pty and Uhambo the Shonaquip foundation Susana STGLICH WATSON Vecina del Distrito de Mirafores Devon PALANEE Athena – Interactive Training Network (Pty) Ltd. Susana STIGLICH WATSON Deaf People's Foundation Peru Lidia PRETORIUS Department of Women, Children and People with Disabilities Confederación Nacional de Discapacitados del Perú (CONFENADIP) – DPI Member Christo VENTER University of Pretoria Fundación Personas Sordas del Perú Disabled People South Africa (DPSA) – DPI Member Philippines South Korea Rainer GUETLER Christofel Blind Mission Disabled People's International Korea (DPIK) – DPI Member Bien C. MATEO SM PRIME HOLDINGS, INC. South Sudan South Sudan National Network of Person with Disabilities (SSNNPW) Hans T. SY SM PRIME HOLDINGS, INC. – DPI Associate Commission on Human Rights of the Philipinnes Spain Life Haven, Inc. – DPI Associate Josefa ALVAREZ ILZARBE Fundación ONCE Poland Francesc ARAGALL Design for all Foundation Anna ROZBORSKA Forum Dostępnej Cyberprzestrzeni Gonzalo ARJONA JIMENEZ COCEMFE Natalia BUKOWSKA PFON (Polish Disability Forum) Fernando BELLVER SILVÁN EUSE Wojciech KULESZA The "Visible" Foundation Olena BILOZEROVA COCEMFE Tarragona Portugal Alfred BLASI ESCUDE AMERSAM Pedro Daniel CUNHA COSTA ProAsolutions.pt Imma BONET Design for All Foundation Rafael MONTES GOMEZ ProAsolutions.pt Miguel Angel CABRA DE LUNA Fundacion ONCE / Europ. Cons. of Foundations for HR and Disability Miguel NEIVA ColorADD Adres CASTELLO Confederación ASPACE Josélia NEVES Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal Toni DEDEU Ministry of Health of Catalonia Instituto Nacional para a Reabilitação Enrique DIEGO BERNARDO Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid Qatar Laura DIEGO GARCIA Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality Hira ANWAR ictQatar Estrella DURÁ FERRANDIS Universitat de Valencia – POLIBIENESTAR David BANES Mada (Qatar Assistive Technologie Center) Mireia FERRI Polibienestar Research Institute – University of Valencia Ahmed HEFNAWY ictQatar Franciso Javier FONT GARCIA FAMMA-Cocemfe Madrid Clayton KELLER Psych. Sciences Department,Qatar University Jorge GARCES FERRER Polibienestar Research Institute – University of Valencia Romania Daniel GUASCH MURILLO Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña Organizația Națională a Persoanelor cu Handicap din România – DPI Member Jesus HERNANDEZ-GALAN Fundacion ONCE Russia Garcés Ferrer JORDI Universitat de Valencia – POLIBIENESTAR Yulia KOLESNICHENKO Downside Up José Antonio JUNCÀ UBIERNA Sociedad y Técnica, SOCYTEC, SL All-Russian Public Organization of Small and Medium Enterprises "OPORA Rossii" – DPI Associate Merce LUZ ARQUE Rwanda Javier MAIRENA GARCÍA DE LA TORRE The Kitchen Game S.L. National Union of Disabilities' Organizations of Rwanda (NUDOR) – DPI Member Lourdes MARQUEZ DE LA CALLEJA Fundacion ONCE Samoa Cesar MAURI Confederación ASPACE Rainbow of Love, National Council of People with Disabilities in Samoa Nuanua o le Alofa (N.O.L.A) – DPI Member Barbara MAYORAL CSR+D European Network Secretariat Project San Marino Miguel Ángel MUÑOZ CASTRO Mahena ABBATI San Marino 2000 s.c.r.l. Manuel ORTEGA Fundosa Technosite, S.A. Saudi Arabia José PAJARES GVAM Mukhtar AL SHIBANI GAATES Begona PINO Redsys Servicios de Procesamiento Arab Organization of Persons with Disabilities (AOPD) Martín Guillermo RAMÍREZ Association of European Border Regions Senegal Carlos SÁNCHEZ MARTIN Fundación ONCE Ibrahima BOB Ambassade d' Angleterre à Dakar Maria SORZANO ENSA – IVADIS Gorgui DIALLO Action Enfance Senegal Roberto TORENA Fundosa Technosite, S.A. Fédération Sénégalaise des Associations de Personnes Handicapées – DPI Member Stefan TRÖMEL International Labour Organization Serbia Maria TUSSY Fundacion ONCE Tamara BLAGOJEVIC Ecumenical Humanitarian Organisation Andres URSUEGUIA Fundacion ONCE/ Fundosa Accesibilidad, SA Zoltan MIHOK Disability Monitor Initiative Maria VALDEMOROS Consejo General de Colegios Farmaceúticos Vladimir PESIC Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Policy David ZANOLETTY GARCÍA Fundacion ONCE Confederación Española de Personas con Discapacidad Física y Goran STAMENOVIC District of Pirot Orgánica (COCEMFE) – DPI Member Damjan TATIC NOOIS Fundosa Accesibilidad National Organization for Persons with Disabilities Serbia Sri Lanka National Union of DPO' s of Serbia NOOIS Jacqueline NETTO Neelan Tiruchelvam Trust Seychelles Wheels in Motion – DPI Associate Patricia RENE Rehabilitation International St. Kitts and Nevis St. Kitts & Nevis Association of Persons with Disabilities (SKNAPD) Sierra Leone – DPI Member Disability Awareness Action Group – DPI Member St. Lucia National Council of and for Persons with Disabilities (NCPD) – DPI Singapore Member Siam Imm GOH Building and Construction Authority St. Vincent a. t. Grenadines Disabled People's Association (DPA) – DPI Member National Society of Persons with Disabilities(NSPD) – DPI Member

Annex 158 RESEARCH NETWORK 2013–2014

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Sweden Rod BURNETT Adding to Life – Pluss Frida BERGSTRÖM ENSA – Solna Municipality Kevin CAREY RNIB Jamie BOLLING ENIL Kalliopi CHAINOGLOU School of Law and Social Sciences (LSS) Rickard BRACKEN Swedish Agency for Disability Coordination Suzanne CONBOY-HILL University of Brighton Johanna CARLSSON ENSA – Solna Municipality Martin CREED Northern Ireland Mental Health and Deafness Service. Sven EKLÖF Dyslexiförbundet FMLS Beverley DAWKINS Royal Mencap Society Ingalill FAHLSTRÖM Neonova Judie DIXEY VocalEyes Viveca GRANBERG Region Varmland Jo ECCLESTONE Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts Eva HEDBERG Dyslexiförbundet FMLS Jenny FIELD City Bridge Trust Maths JESPERSON PO Skåne Allen FOSTER CBM Christofel Blind Mission Kerstin KRISTENSEN Nordic School of Public Health Ann FRYE Ann Frye Ltd Johan LINDSTROM ENSA – Eskilstuna Municipality Cassie HERSCHEL SHORLAND VocalEyes Camilla MILHORN ENSA – Solna Municipality Andrew HOLMAN Inspired Services Publishing Bengt PERSON Municipality of Lund Mohammed IMTIAZ Leonard Cheshire Disability Adolf RATZKA Independent Living Institute Anna LAWSON University of Leeds / ANED Michelle TAYLOR Cultural Heritage without Borders Phil MADDEN EASPD Diana WALTERS Cultural Heritage without Borders Nick MERRIMAN University of Manchester/The Manchester Museum Access Sweden Wald MIKE University of Southampton Handikappförbunden/Swedish Disability Federation Mary O’BRIEN Belfast Health and Social Care Trust. Switzerland Dan PESCOD Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) Jorge ARAYA Ofce of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Nicola POLLOCK John Ellermann Foundation Jose BATANERO International Telecommunication Union Mark PRIESTLEY University of Leeds Miriam BAUMGAERTNER Centre for Disability and Integration, University of St. Gallen Neha RAVAL Global Fund for Children Anton BOLFING Zugang für alle (Access for all) Alan ROULSTONE University of Leeds Facundo CHAVEZ PENILLAS Ofce of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Susan SCOTT-PARKER Business Disability Forum Barbara MURRAY International Labour Organization Gary SENNETT Barclays Bank Johannes STRASSER Permanent Mission of Austria at the United Nations, Geneva David SINDALL Association of Train Operating Companies Syria Alexandra SMEDLEY Centre for Accessible Environments (CAE) Arab Organization of Persons with Disabilities (AOPD) Samantha SPORTUN University of Manchester/The Manchester Museum Cultural Forum for People with Special Needs in Syria – DPI Associate Carol THOMAS Access Design Solutions UK Ltd Tanzania Mark TODD London Organising Committee Olympic and Paralympic Games Ditte Lauritzen MWAKALUKWA Information Centre on Disability Kerry TWEED Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) Clement NDAHANI Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Chan WAI Centre for Accessible Environments Erwin TELEMANS Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Graeme WHIPPY Lloyds Banking Group Organization of Woman with Disabilities (JUWAUZA) United Kingdom’s Disabled People’s Council (UKDPC) – DPI Member Tanzania Federation of Disabled People Organisation – DPI Member Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) Thailand Uruguay Monthian BUNTAN Thai Blind Association and Member of the CRPD Union Nacional de Ciegos del Uruguay Saowalak THONGKUAY Disabled People's International – Asia-Pacifc Region (DPI/AP) USA National Human Rights Commission of Thailand Kerry ASHFORTH ARCUS Foundation Togo Virginia ATKINSON IFES International Foundation for Electoral Systems Michael KIRUMBA CBM Christofel Blind Mission Rosangela BERMAN-BIELER United Nations Intern. Children’s Emergency Fund Federation Togolaise des Associations de Personnes Handicapees (FETAPH) – DPI Member Zara BOHAN International Human Rights Funders Network Tunisia Susanne BRUYERE University of Cornell Arab Organization of Persons with Disabilities (AOPD) – Musawa 2 project David CAPOZZI U.S. Access Board Ahmad Karoud – DPI Associate Mona CHUN International Human Rights Funders Network Tunisian Association for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities – DPI Member Dennis J. CORELIS Division of the State Architect Turkey Elena CORREAS Ashoka Global Venture & Fellowship Program Suleyman AKBULUT TOHAD / GOZDER Jayne CRAVENS Emrah GURER TAV Istanbul Bruce CURTIS World Institute on Disability Derya KOKTEN Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S Paul DEANY Disability Rights Fund DRF Kemal UNLU TAV Istanbul Christen DOBSON International Human Rights Funders Network Erhan USTUNDAG TAV Istanbul Georgia DOMINIK International Disability Alliance Bengu ZABITCI Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S Susan DUNN Mobility International USA (MIUSA) Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Lainey FEINGOLD Law Ofce of Lainey Feingold Turkmenistan Valerie FLETCHER Institute for Human Centered Design Overcoming – DPI Associate Anara FRANK MetaMovements Dance Company Uganda Joshua GOLDSTEIN Centre for Financial Inclusion at ACCION International Rose ACHAYO OBOL National Union of Disabled Persons of Uganda Rick GOLDSTEIN GO! Mobility Solutions Katy BODKIN Able Child Africa Martin GOULD Global Initiative for Inclusive ICTs (G3ict) Sulaiman K. MADADA Minister of State for Elderly and Disability Afairs Lisa HASHEMI Ariadne, European Human Rights Funders Network George William KIYINGI Uganda National Action on Physical Disability (UNAPD) Anne HAYES Perkins School for the Blind Phyllis KWESIGA Architect Karen HEINICKE-MOTSCH CBM Christofel Blind Mission Dolorence WERE Uganda Society for Disabled Children Kim HUTCHINSON Disability Funders Network National Union of Disabled Persons of Uganda (NUDIPU) – DPI Member Venus ILAGAN Rehabilitation International Ukraine Nadia KALB Permanent Mission of Austria at the United Nations, New York National Assembly of Persons with Disabilities (NAPD) – DPI Member William KIERNAN University of Massachusetts Boston United Arab Emirates Joy KNISKERN AMAC Accessibility Solutions Al Thiqah Club for Handicapped – DPI Associate Axel LEBLOIS Global Initiative for Inclusive ICTs (G3ict) United Kingdom Christopher LEE AMAC Accessibility Solutions Geof ADAMS-SPINK European Dysmelia Reference Information Centre Tirza LEIBOVITZ Open Society Institute Jo ANDREWS International Human Rights Funders Network Carrie MCGEE MOMA Museum of Modern Arts Steve BARNARD Hft's person-centred approach to personalised technology John N. MCGOVERN, J.D. President, Recreation Accessibility Consultants LLC Rhyan BERRIGAN Disability Wales Pamela MOLINA TOLEDO The Trust for the Americas – Organization of American States James BULLEY OBE Former Director of Venues and Infrastructure London 2012,Trivandi Yolanda MUÑOZ GONZALEZ Disability Rights Fund DRF

Zero Project Network 159 RESEARCH NETWORK 2013–2014

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization William N. MYHILL Burton Blatt Institute at Syracuse University Aubrey W WEBSON Perkins International Karolina MZYK United Nations Development Program Mohammed YOUSUF EquallyAble Foundation Marcos NETO United Nations Development Program National Council on Independent Living United States International Council on Disabilities (USICD) – DPI Andrew PARK Wellspring Advisors, LLC Member Alekzandra POSARAC World Bank Uzbekistan Improvement of Social Protection and Rehabilitation of Disabled Robert L POSEY The Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation People in Uzbekistan – DPI Associate Robin POWELL National Council on Disability Uzbekistan Society of Disabled People – DPI Associate Iris REISS Rehabilitation International Venezuela Tom RICKERT Access Exchange International Confederación de Personas Sordas de Venezuela (CONSORVEN) David A. ROJAS MEJIA The Trust for the Americas – Organization of American States Silvina ACOSTA The Trust for the Americas Francesca ROSENBERG MOMA Museum of Modern Arts Vietnam Jay RUDERMAN Ruderman Foundation Silvana MEHRA CBM Christofel Blind Mission Tish SCOLNIK Global Research Innovation and Technology Dung MAI Malteser International Rush SHARRON Knowbility Trang TRONG HAI Vietnam Rehabilitation Association Dario SOTO The Trust for the Americas – Organization of American States CBM Christofel Blind Mission Christopher J. STANFILL University of Texas at Austin Yemen Michael Ashley STEIN University of Harvard Arab Association for Human Rights – DPI Associate Julia THALLINGER Permanent Mission of Austria at the United Nations, New York Zambia Kerry THOMPSON Silent Rhythms Dance Zambia Federation of the Disabled (ZAFOD) – DPI Member Catherine TOWNSEND Wellspring Advisors, LLC Zimbabwe Federation of Organisations of Disabled People in Zimbabwe Gregg C VANDERHEIDEN Human Factors, Trace Research & Development Center (FODPEZ) – DPI Member Michael WATERSTONE University-Loyola Law School

Research Network 2014–2015

List of all persons that have contributed to the research on Independent Living and Political Participation

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Albania Patrick D'HAESE MED-EL Edlira NASI Biznesi Social E Jona sh.p.k. Gregor DEMBLIN Career Moves Argentina Stephan DORFMEISTER Specialisterne Austria Karina PUDOR IGUAZU ARGENTINA C.E.E.S.A Karl EISENHARDT Caritas Austria Marisa ROJAS Paul ELLMAUER Lebenshilfe Salzburg, Familienberatungsstelle José VIERA DRPI – Disability Rights Promotion International Bernadette FEUERSTEIN SLIÖ – Independent Living Austria Armenia Manfred FISCHER Journalist Narine VARDANYAN International Child Development Center NGO Walburga FRÖHLICH atempo GmbH Australia Janet Eva GENEWEIN Ifs Fundament Anne BRYCE Achieve Australia Wolfgang GLASER Selbstbestimmt Leben Oberoesterreich Sam CAMPBELL Scytl Verena GLASER 'Gemeinsam Leben – Gemeinsam Lernen" Errol COCKS Curtin University Oliver GOSOLITS Lebenshilfe Tirol Kate HEWITT Hans-Jürgen GROSS Kompetenzzentrum für Barrierefreiheit Daniel KYRIACOU Every Australian Counts Christian GRÜBL Mosaik GmbH Patrick MAHER National Disability Services Guido GUENTERT Lebenshilfe Salzburg Cher NICHOLSON HCSCC & Asset SA Klaus HÖCKNER Hilfsgmeinschaft Susan STANFORD Youniverse David HOFER LIFEtool gemeinnützige GmbH Ellen WALKER Curtin University, Microboards Karin HOLZMANN Selbstbestimmt Leben Initiative Oberoesterreich Ellen WALKER Curtin University, Microboards Franz-Joseph HUAINIGG Österreichisches Parlament Austria Helene JARMER Partei "Die Grünen" Gertraud ASSMANN Caritas Linz Ruth JAROSCHKA Mosaik GmbH Irmgard BAUER ÖAR Andreas JESSE autArK Integrationsfachdienst Ilse BEHENSKY Fair Therapy Guenther KAINZ Vienna University of Economics and Business Jess BLIJKERS Licht für die Welt Franz KARL Interessenvertretung beh. Menschen der Stadt Wien Ingrid BOHUMINSKY pro mente Burgenland Klaudia KAROLINY Selbstbestimmt Leben Oberoesterreich Albert BRANDSTÄTTER Lebenshilfe Österreich Eringard KAUFMANN ÖAR Dorothea BROZEK Brozek Power Consulting Andreas KEPLINGER Specialisterne Austria Erwin BUCHINGER Behindertenanwaltschaft Elisabeth KERN ifS – Institut für Sozialdienste Vorarlberg Jan Philipp CERNELIC Niederösterreichische Landesregierung Magdalena KERN Light for the World

Annex 160 RESEARCH NETWORK 2014–2015

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Joanna KINBERGER Brot für die Welt / Diakonie Austria Alba GONZALEZ CBM Morten KJAERUM FRA – European Union Agency Javier GUEMES EDF – European Disability Forum Petra KOLLER special olympics Rudi KENNES Flemish Agency for Disabled Persons Karin KRAINZ-KABAS Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft Wien Ádám KÓSA European Parliament & SINOSZ Norbert KRAMMER Sachwalterschaft Salzburg und Linz Peter LAMBREGHTS ENIL – European Network on Independent Living Elisabeth KRÖN Specialisterne Austria Karolien METTENS Woonwinkel Zennevallei Gerhard KUICH Verein Vamos Maria NYMAN Mental Health Europe Otto LAMBAUER Caritas Wien Didier PELEMAN Our New Future Dagmar LASSMANN Diakonie Österreich Inmaculada PLACENCIA PORRERO European Commission Andrea LEONHARTSBERGER Diakonie Zentrum Spattstrasse Michelle RAJEWSKI Onafhankelijk leven Jutta LINDAU-OCHSENHOFER Haus Gabriel Patrick SCHELFHOUT Our New Future Johanna MANG Light for the World Mieke SCHROOTEN Hogeschool-Universiteit Brussel Daniele MARANO Hilfsgemeinschaft Danny VAN DE PERRE Our New Future Stefan MARCHEWA Diakoniewerk Österreich GREET VAN GOOL Federal Public Service Social Security Katharina MEICHENITSCH Diakonie Österreich Mathias VAN HOVE Onafhankelijk Leven vzw Christina MEIERSCHITZ ÖAR Fara VAN MAELE NOC vzw Michaela MEINDLHUMER Miteinander Matthijs VAN TRIGT Our New Future Klaus MIESENBERGER Universität Linz Yves VEULLIET IBM Ursula MILLER Licht für die Welt Mark WHEATLEY EUD – European Union of the Deaf Michael MÜLLER Institut für Sozialdienste Els WINTERS Vlaams Agentschap voor Personen met een Handicap Helga NEIRA Verein „ich bin aktiv“ Luk ZELDERLOO EASPD Irmgard NEUHERZ Licht für die Welt Benin Marlies NEUMÜLLER Caritas Austria Abdel Rahman OUOROU BARE COIPH Sabine NEUSÜSS Stadt Salzburg Bolivia Eva NITTMANN Licht für die Welt Alejandra RIVERA IIMS – Instituto de Investigacion Medico Sociales Willi NOWAK VCÖ – Mobilität mit Zukunft Bosnia and Herzegovina Karin ONDAS Sozialwirtschaft Steiermark Vesna BAJSANSKI-AGIC Mozaik Foundation Wolfgang PACHLER Mosaik GmbH Jasminko BIJELIC “Lotos” Tuzla Stefan PAUSER OeZIV Binasa GORALIJA MyRight, Empowers People with Disabilities Gabriele PERISSUTTI Jugend am Werk Steiermark Brazil Vera REBL DanceAbility Alberto ARGUELHES WVA Accessible Publishing Sabine REHBICHLER Licht für die Welt Fernando H F BOTELHO F123 Consulting Verena REISS Chance B Iraê CARDOSO AAPPE Eva REITHOFER-HAIDACHER Lebenshilfe Graz und Umgebung – Voitsberg Luiz Alberto DAVID ARAUJO Universidade Católica de São Paulo Marie RINGLER Ashoka Österreich Joelson DIAS Barbosa e Dias Advogados Associados Rupert RONIGER Light for the World Erika FOUREAUX Instituto Noisinho da Silva Max RUBISCH BMASK Eduardo FRAYHA The Products Comercial Ltda Aima SAMATOVA RESSUP Verein Isabel Cristina PESSÔA GIMENES RIOinclui Christine SCHAFFLER Caritas Burgenland Wimpassing Flavia SOUZA RIOinclui Erwin SCHAUER Bank Austria Unicredit Claudia WERNECK Escola de Gente, Comunicação em Inclusão Hedi SCHNITZER-VOGET OeZIV Bulgaria Christian SCHOBER NPO-Institut Ivan KARAGYOZOV Centre for Psychological Research, Burgas Guenther SCHUSTER Bundessozialamt Kapka PANAYOTOVA Centre for Independent Living Christian SCHWARZL ÖBB-Personenverkehr AG Nelly RADEVA I Can Too Foundation Alina SERBAN ERSTE Stiftung Bisser SPIROV Lumos Foundation Bulgaria Martha STICKINGS EU Agency for Fundamental Rights Burkina Faso Gudrun STUBENRAUCH Lebenshilfe Graz und Umgebung-Voitsberg Edmond KABORE OCADES – Caritas Kaya Karin THRON WKW – Wirtschaftskammer Wien Cameroon Anna TRAGL pro mente Burgenland Julius TEMBEICK HECESA Johannes TRIMMEL Licht für die Welt Mvenyi JULUS NTOBUAH Cameroon Disabled Person s Association Kristina TSVETANOVA BLITAB Technology Gmbh Canada T. TURTUKOWKSY Caritas Burgenland Kimberley AZYAN Services to Adults Irene VOGEL Hilfsgemeinschaft Michael BACH Canadian Association for Community Living Herta WINKLER Caritas Wien Tara BRINSTON Canadian Association for Community Living Markus WOLF BSVÖ – Blinden- und Sehbehindertenverband Inés Elvira DE ESCALLON Inclusion International Franz WOLFMAYR EASPD Betty DION GAATES Gregor ZAMARIN Wien Work Don GALLANT Canadian Association for Community Living Azerbaijan Christine GORDON Nidus Personal Planning Resource Center and Registry Davud REHIMLI UDPO – Union of Disabled People Organisations Connie LAURIN-BOWIE Inclusion International Bahrain Wendy MCDONALD Alberta Association for Community Living Abdullah AALDERAZI Bahrain Human Rights Commission Linda PERRY Vela Microobard Association Bangladesh Marnie PETERS GAATES Mia ISHAQUE Asia Pac Federation of Hard Of Hearing Marcia RIOUX DRPI – Disability Rights Promotion International Belgium Joanne TAYLOR Nidus Carmen ARROYO DE SANDE EASPD Chile Jef BREDA Université of Antwerpen Pedro CHANÁ Corporacion CETRAM Dirk BRYSSINCK Villa Voortman Arly Alejandra FAUNDES BERKHOFF SIGA Chile – Universidad Diego Portales Maarten CARMANS NOC / Fokus op emancipatie Pamela MOLINA The Trust for the Americas Claire CHAMPEIX European Expert Group Maria Isabel ROBLES MEZA Fundación Rostros Nuevos Glenn CONINGS Onafhankelijk leven China James CROWE EASPD Joey LAM HKSAR Elisabeth DE SCHAUWER Ghent University – Disability Studies Elke MAK HKSAR Sabrina FERRAINA EASPD Colombia Pieter GHIJSELS Visit Flanders Lucas CORREA Saldarriaga Concha Foundation Tina GOETHALS Our New Future Ximena SERPA RIADIS

Zero Project Network 161 RESEARCH NETWORK 2014–2015

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Costa Rica Madonna KHAREBAVA Association of D. Women and Mothers of D. Children Luis Fernando ASTORGA GATJENS Instituto Interamericano sobre Discapacidad Khatuna NAKEURI Ajara Government Administration Mario RIVERA LIZANO REDNOPEDIS Suliko TEBIDZE Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport of Ajara Jose VILLALTA MONTES FEREPRODIS Germany Croatia Sigrid ARNADE Interessenvertretung Selbstbestimmt Leben Dijana BOROVIC-GALOVIC Centre for Rehabilitation "Ozalj" Dirk BALZER Centre for Independent Living Düsseldorf Emina CERIMOVIC Human Rights Watch Hubert BERNARD Rhein Main inklusiv e.V. Slavica DUJMOVIC Autism Association – Zagreb Bernadette BROS-SPÄHN Gemeinsam Leben – Gemeinsam Lernen Blaženka FILIC VULIN Center fo Rehabilitation Zagreb Andreas DIEDERICHS In der Gemeinde leben gGmbH Kristijan GRDAN The SHINE Johannes EURICH Universitat Heidelberg Velinka GROZDANIC University of Rijeka Uwe FREVERT ISL Tomislav IVASKOVIC Association for Self-Advocacy Ruth FRICKE Bundesverband Psychiatrie-Erfahrener (BPE) e.V. Marijana JANKOVIC Association for Promoting Inclusion Subsidiary Zagreb Silke GEORGI SOZIALHELDEN e.V Mladen KATANIC Udruga za samozastupanje Annette HAMBACH-SPIEGLER Zentrum für selbstb. Leben b. M. Nieder-Olm Slavenka MARTINOVIC VALIDUS – Center for Adult Education Karen HAUBENREISSER Forum Eine Mitte für Alle, Hamburg Marica MIRIĆ Croatian Union of Associations of Persons with Disabilities Frank HOFFMANN Discovering Hands Milanka OPACIC The Government of the Republic of Croatia Jana HÖFTMANN capito Berlin c/o die reha e.v. Anka SLONISAK Disability Ombudswoman in Croatia Marina KIRCHMAYR Verba Voice GmbH Ružica STIPCIC Center for Rehabilitation Zagreb Mathias KNIGGE grauwert Radmila STOJANOVIC BABIC Association for psychosocial help Susret Elisabeth KOMP Diözesan-Caritasverband für das Erzbistum Köln Borka TEODOROVIC Association for Promoting Inclusion Klaus LACHWITZ DBR – Deutscher Behindertenrat Cyprus Peter LEHMANN formerly ENUSP Chrysis MICHAELIDES EUROPEAN SOCIAL FORUM CYPRUS Rolf MARSCHNER Jurist specialised in Rights of Persons with Disabilities Czech Republic Lilian MASUHR SOZIALHELDEN e.V Camille LATIMIER Inclusion Europe Daniel NOWACK Yunus Social Business Denmark Christian PAPADOPOULOS Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales Steen BENGTSSON SFI Ulrich PFEUFER St. Augustinus Behindertenhilfe im Rhein-Erft-Kreis Bente DANHOLT National Bord of Social Services Michael PREUSS Forum Eine Mitte für Alle, Hamburg Soren GINNERUP Danish Building Research Institute Birgit ROTHENBERG MOBILE – Selbstbestimmtes Leben Behinderter e.V. Janina Gaarde RASMUSSEN National Board of Social Services Anna-Gracia SCHADE Zentrum für selbstbestimmtes Leben Main e.V. Andreas Jull SORENSEN The Danish Disability Council Hilke SCHÜRMANN Sennheiser Streaming Technologies GmbH Djibouti Andreas VEGA VbA-Selbstbestimmt Leben e.V. Ali MOHAMED ALI ACTION HANDICAP Ulrike WALTSGOTT Verba Voice GmbH Dominican Republic Corina ZOLLE Rhein-Main Inklusiv Vianela DIAZ Junta Central Electoral Ghana Bernardo SANTANA CABRERA FENADID Dorcas ABA ANAN Accra-GuestHouse Ecuador Sefakor KOMABU-POMEYIE Enlightening and Empowering People with Disabilities Diana ANDRADE Trust for the Americas Greece Ana Lucia ARELLANO B. RIADIS Ivor AMBROSE ENAT – European Network for Accessible Tourism Alex CAMACHO VASCONEZ Technical Secretariat of Disabiltites of the Vice Presidency of Ecuador Athena FRANGOULI Society of Social Psychiatry and Mental Health Lenin MORENO UN Secretary General's Special Envoy Akaterini NOMIDOU SOFPSI N.SERRON Egypt Konstantinos PAPANIKOLAOU IEA Reham ELMASRY 7million disabled Ilias RAFAIL IASIS NGO Estonia Hungary Luule SAKKEUS Tallinn Univeristy Raluca BUNEA Open Society Foundations Ethiopia Erzsébet FÖLDESI Budapest Association of People with Physical D. Dayanandan RAMALINGAM Hawassa University Tamas GYULAVARI ANED Tafesse Chirbo SHANKA AMRC – Arba Minch Rehabilitation Center Laszlo Gabor LOVASZY Adam Kosa's Ofce Finland Erzsébet SZEKERES Foundation for equal rights Sanna AHOLA Kynnys ry – Threshold Association Tamara TISCHLER Ashoka Hungary Maria FINSTRÖM Finnish Federation of the Visually Impaired Zoltán WAGNER SINOSZ Markku MÖTTÖNEN Finnish Federation of the Visually Impaired India Jyrki PINOMAA Aspa Foundation Javed ABIDI DPI – Disabled Peoples' International Petra TIIHONEN KVPS Raja BAGGA Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative France Amit BHATT Auto-Rickshaw Development India William ALARCON Santé Mentale en Afrique de l'Ouest – SMAO Sunita CHERIAN Wipro Ltd Francois-Xavier BOIS Kernix Parul GHOSH DPI – Disabled Peoples' International Claude BOULANGER-REIJNEN "Economic, social and environmental council-Paris Kanika JINDAL EMBARQ India Emmanuel CONSTANS L'ADAPT, Réussir avec un handicap Nirmita NARASIMHAN Centre for Internet and Society Benjamin DARD CBM – Christofel Blind Mission Carmo NORONHA Bethany Society Mechthilde FUHRER Council of Europe Shraddha Soni SABHARWAL DPI – Disabled Peoples' International Suzanne GORGE Centre Français des Fonds et Fondations Dorodi SHARMA NCPEDP Bernadette GROSYEUX MFPASS Sam TARAPOREVALA St. Xavier's Resource Center for the Visually Challenged Markus JAEGER Council of Europe Indonesia Dominique LE DOUCE L'ADAPT, Réussir avec un handicap Christian DONN International Federation for Electoral Systems (IFES) Cédric MAMETZ Nous Aussi Sunarman SUKAMTO CBR-DTC Gary MAY EBU – European Blind Union Ireland Stephanie OUEDA CRUZ L'Oréal Liz BROSNAN Recovery Experts by Experiance Johanna PACEVICIUS Assembly of European Regions Caroline CASEY Kanchi Denis PELSY Fondation des Amis de l'Atelier Madeleine CLARKE Genio Trust Alexander PREOBRAZHENSKIY Council of Europe J Patrick CLARKE Down Syndrome International Kriti SHARMA Human Rights Watch Sean CONNEALLY "Brothers of charity galway services Néphèli YATROPOULOS EQUINET – European Network of Equality Bodies Gerald CRADDOCK Centre for Excellence in Universal Design Georgia Breda CREHAN-ROCHE Ability West Levan GORGILADZE Ministry of Health and Social Care of Ajara A/R Ciara D'EATH GCIL

Annex 162 RESEARCH NETWORK 2014–2015

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Noelle DALY Spinal Injuries Alice WARSZTA-BROSIUS Luxemburger Ministerium Grainne DE PAOR Down Syndrome Ireland (DSI) Sandy ZOLLER Luxemburger Ministerium Eilionoir FLYNN National University of Ireland, Galway Macedonia Siobhan FLYNN Brothers of Charity Services South East Vladimir LAZOVSKI Open the Windows Anne GERAGHTY Brothers of Charity Services Galway Malawi Declan HAMILTON Irish Wheelchair Association Alfred MUMBA University of Malawi Alison HARNETT National Federation of Voluntary Bodies Malta Rose KAVANAGH INCADDS Anne-Marie CALLUS University of Malta Brian KEARNEY-GRIEVE The Atlantic Philanthropies Mexico Debbie KELLEHER Stewarts Care Ltd. Lizeth Mayela BAUTISTA GARCIA Unidos Somos Iguales A.B.P. Francesc LARKIN Donegal Centre for Independent Living Klaudia GONZALEZ RENAPRED Charlotte MAY-SIMERA National University of Ireland Moldova Louise MCCANN Disability Federation of Ireland Vitali COVALIOV Union of organizations of people with limited abilities Martin NAUGHTON European Network on Independent Living Vasile CUSCA Moldova Government Maureen PIGGOT Inclusion Europe Irina MALANCIUC Lumos Moldova Gerard QUINN National University of Ireland Ludmila MALCOCI, PH.D. Keystone Human Services International Moldova Vanessa SCANLON European Network on Independent Living Montenegro C.J. WALSH Sustainable Design International Ltd. Marina VUJACIC Association of Youth with Disabilities of Montenegro Israel Morroco Noa BITAN Akim Israel Ahmed BERKIA Morocco Forum "Disabilities and Rights" Orly FRUCHTER JDC – American Jewish Joint Dristribution Committee Myanmar Yakir PNINI-MENDEL Zaw MOE AUNG The Leprosy Mission Myanmar Michal SADEH Access Israel Nepal Avital SANDLER-LOEFF JDC – American Israel Joint Distribution Community Suraj SIGDEL International Foundatoin for Electoral Systems Nepal Johannes STRASSER Permanent Mission of Austria in Israel Netherlands Italy Edwin MERMANS Province of Noord-Brabant Lucia BARACCO Lettura Agevolata Associazione Onlus Jose SMITS Inclusie Anna BENEDETTO Fondazione Banca del Monte di Lucca Lisa WADDINGTON Maastricht University Cristiana CARLINI Museo Tattile Statale Omero Nicaragua Alessandro DALLA PIETÀ onlusgondole4all Sandra Lorena DARCE MENDOZA Federación Femucadi Elizabeth Maria FRANCHINI Fondazione Banca del Monte di Lucca Nigeria Giampiero GRIFFO FID – Forum Italiano sulla Disabilita David O. ANYAELE Centre for Citizens with Disabilities (CCD) Roberto MEZZINA Dipartimento di Salute Mentale Asabe SHEHU YAR'ADUA Asabe Shehu Yar’Adua Foundation Daniela ORLANDI INAIL Norway Luca PAMPALONI Associazione Vita Indipendente ONLUS Tove Linnea BRANDVIK Uloba SA Independent Living Karin PFEIFER Lebenshilfe ONLUS Ståle BRATLIE Uloba Pino PINI AISMe (Italian Mental Health Association) Siri DOLVEN Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation Silvestro PLUMARI Cura e Riabilitazione ONG Ase Kari HAUGETO The Delta Centre Jamaica Pino KOSIANDER Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion Samantha CHANTRELLE Digicel Foundation Jamaica Vibeke MARØY MELSTRØM Uloba Judine HUNTER Digicel Foundation Sigrid SKAVLID The Delta Centre Japan Åsta Tale STRAND Norwegian Federation of Organizations of Disabled People (FFO) Tomoko HIKUMA Den-en Chofu University Jan TØSSEBRO Norwegian University of Science and Technology Yoshikazu IKEHARA (SUIGURA) Tokyo Advocacy Law Ofce Berit VEGHEIM Stop Diskrimineeringen Yasunobu ISHII Nippon Foundation Pakistan Megumi KATO Inclusion Ibaragi Aleena Zainab ALAVI Research Society of International Law Aqeel MOHAMMAD GAATES – Global Alliance on Accessible Technologies and Environments Lubna HASHMAT CHIP Osamu NAGASE Graduate School of Economics University of Tokyo Reem KHURSHID Network of Organizations Working with P w D Seikichi NAGOYA Inclusion Ibaragi Ghulam Nabi NIZAMANI Pakistan Disabled People's Organisation / CBR Global Coordinator Nagase OSAMU Japanese Disability Forum Papua New Guinea Hitomi SUGIURA Tokyo Advocacy Law Ofce Michael LULU Callan – Services for Disabled Persons PNG Jordan Paraguay Mona ABDELJAWAD Rights and Development NGO Noelia ERRECARTE Fundación Saraki Adnan ABOUDI Higher Council for Afairs of Persons with Disabilities Peru Mohammed AL-TARAWNEH Cross Borders Development Consultancies Susana STGLICH WATSON Vecina del Distrito de Mirafores Atallah KUTTAB Welfare Association Jorge Muñoz WELLS Municipalidad de Mirafores Kenya Philippines Joy RAORE Wasanii Mtaani/Artists in the Hood May Gladys BUTOY International Foundation for Electoral Systems Kevin Ovita TEDDY Wasanii Mtaani/Artists in the Hood Luie GUIA Commission on Elections (COMELEC) Lebanon Poland Nawaf KABBARA AOPD Kazimierz NOWICKI Polish Association for Persons with Mental Handicap Silvana LAKKIS LPHU – Lebanese Physical Handicapped Union Joanna WOJTYNSKA Polish Disability Forum Liberia Portugal Francis KOLLIE Prison Fellowship Liberia Ana BRAGA Centro de Arqueologia de Almada Lithuania António LAMAS Parques de Sintra Monte da Lua, SA Irena PRANSKEVICIUTE Association of people with disabilities of Lithuania Maria VLACHOU Acesso Cultura Luxembourg Romania Yannick BREUER Info-Handicap, Conseil National des Personnes Handicapees asbl. Peter MAKKAI Fundatia Crestina Diakonia Sfantu Gheorghe Raymond CECCOTTO APEMH asbl Laila ONU Pentru Voi Foundation Joelle FLOENER Division Personnes Handicapées Russia Romain GAASCH Info-Handicap, Conseil National des Personnes Handicapees asbl. Yulia KOLESNICHENKO Downside Up Christophe LESUISSE Tricentenaire asbl Irina NIKOLAEVA Oudoor Arthur LIMBACH-REICH Université du Luxembourg Anna SMIRNOVA NextGIS Silvio SAGRAMOLA National Information and Meeting Center Luxembourg, Info-Handicap Rwanda Michèle STEIN Luxemburger Ministerium Sam BADAGE World Network of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry

Zero Project Network 163 RESEARCH NETWORK 2014–2015

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Saudi Arabia Maths JESPERSON PO-Skåne Mukhtar AL SHIBANI GAATES Paul LAPPALAINEN Swedish Equality Ombudsman Faten ALYAFI Cecilia MOLINDER BERGLUNG Socialstyrelsen Mervat TASHKANDI Ministry of Labour Anders MOLT Socialstyrelsen Senegal Annika NYSTROEM KARLSSON HSO – The Swedish Disability Federation Ba COUMBA Handi Enfance Hans POLSTER Stumpen-ensemblen Diallo GORGUI Action Enfance Senegal Adolf RATZKA ILI – Independent Living Institute Mme NDEYE National Assoc. of Physically Handicapped Persons Kerstin SELLIN JAG – Equality, Assistance and Inclusion Astou SARR Sightsavers Thomas STRANDBERG The Swedish Insititute for Disability Research Arona SY ACTION ENFANCE SENEGAL Switzerland Serbia Judith ADLER Interkantonale Hochschule für Heilpädagogik Zürich Branislava BELIC Republic of Serbia – Vojvodina Jose BATANERO ITU – International Telecommunication Union Milorad GASIC Republic of Serbia – Vojvodina Anton BOLFING Stiftung „Zugang für alle“ („Access for all“) Jovana KRIVOKUCA-MILOVANOVIC Youth with Disabilities Forum Facundo CHAVEZ PENILLAS OHCHR Slađana LEVIC Youth with Disabilities Forum Maria Alarcos CIEZA MORENO WHO – World Health Organization Zoltan MIHOK Disability Monitor Initiative Nathalie DREW BOLD WHO – World Health Organization Nenad RADENKOVIĆ NIS Serbia, Savez Slepih Niš Michelle FUNK WHO – World Health Organization Damjan TATIC NOOIS Luis GALLEGOS UNITAR Singapore Alexandra GASPARI ITU – International Telecommunication Union Thomas NG Genashtim Innovative Learning Pte Ltd. Sylvianne IMHOF ZANATY FRAGILE Suisse Slovenia Mischa LIATOWITSCH ITU – International Telecommunication Union Elena PECARIC YHD Christoph LÜTHY Schweizerische Stiftung Pro Mente Sana Klaudija POROPAT YHD Cecile MALEVEZ-BRÜNDLER Familien- und Frauengesundheit FFG South Africa Barbara MURRAY ILO – International Labour Organization Mario APPELS Eden District Municipality Marcel ODERMATT FRAGILE Suisse Stanley BAWDEN The Living Link Alana OFFICER WHO – World Health Organization Hendrietta BOGOPANE Deputy Minister, South Africa Krista ORAMA OHCHR Carol BOSCH Cape Mental Health Dagmar ORTHMANN BLESS Heilpädagogisches Institut Universität Freiburg Shuaib CHALKLEN UN Special Rapporteur on Disability Stefan TRÖMEL International Labour Organization Michael B. COETZEE Member of Parliament Caroline WÖRGÖTTER Permanent Mission of Austria Susan DIPPENAAR ATHENA – Interactive Training Network (Pty) Ltd. Tobias ZAHN WINklusion Libisi MAPHANGA Electoral Commission of South Africa Tanzania Ismail MOOLA THE LIVING LINK Clement NDAHANI CCBRT Devon PALANEE ATHENA – Interactive Training Network (Pty) Ltd. Erwin TELEMANS CCBRT Lidia PRETORIUS DWCPD Thailand Leonard-Marque PRETORIUS Victory Over Disability Homes Diana Azu AGULABA AMBI CHANONGPITTAYAKOM SCHOOL Claire ROBARTES The Living Link Tunesia Buyile SIMON BASHE RSA Parliament N. N. O.T.D.D.P.H Melanie WILSON Eden District Municipality Turkey South Korea Hatice Nevin ERACAR Autistics Association Hyunil JUHN Korea Institute for the Family of Developmentally Disabled Cimen GULDOKER Autistics Association Yujin NOH Ashoka Korea Rana KOTAN Sabanci Foundation Spain Dimitri MARYASSIN UNDP – United Nations Development Programme Francesc ARAGALL Design for All Foundation Uganda Javier ARROYO MÉNDEZ ASPAYM-Madrid Martin BABU MWESIGWA NUDIPU Juan BENAGES LAVIRGEN ¿Cómo quieres vivir? Paul EMONG Kyambogo University Miguel Ángel CABRA DE LUNA Fundación ONCE Lydia KIWUMULO Ministry of gender, labour and social develpoment Manuel Poza CAPARROS Fundación ONCE Apollo MUKASA UNAPD – Uganda National Action on Physical Disability Alberto Vaquero CEREZO Fundación ONCE Ukraine Juan Carlos CHICOTE GONZALEZ Fundosa Accesibilidad (Vía Libre) Anastasya GERETS Kharkiv NGO of Blind Lawyers Cecilia CONDE CSR-D Andri MAGERA Central Election Commssion Elisa Valia COTANDA Polibienestar Research Institute Anastasiia NEKRASOVA Committee of Voters of Ukraine Elena CRUZ GONZÁLEZ Fundación ONCE Levgen POBEREZHNYI OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine Arturo DELGADO Grupo Parlamentario Popular United Kingdom Laura DIEGO GARCÍA Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality Robin ALLEN Cloisters Barristers' Chambers Borja FANJUL Parliament of Madrid Jo ANDREWS IHRFN – International Human Rights Funders Network Jordi GARCES FERRER ENSA, University of Valencia Paula BENNEWORTH Scope & Sufolk County Council Sonia GARCIA-FRAILE CÁMARA Fundación ONCE Ines BULIC ENIL – European Network on Independent Living Jesús HERNÁNDEZ GALÁN Fundación ONCE Constantin COJOCARIU independent legal practice Antonio Jesús INGELMO SIERRA Fundación ONCE Corinna CSAKY Lumos Foundation Sabina LOBATO Fundación ONCE Jane CUMMING Penumbra Ana Cristina LOPEZ LOPEZ MINISTERIO DEL INTERIOR John EVANS ENIL – European Network on Independent Living Merce LUZ ARQUE Fundación ONCE Michael GIBSON Disability Rights UK Lourdes MÁRQUEZ DE LA CALLEJA Fundación ONCE Kamajeet GILL Electoral Commission of the United Kingdom Antonio MARTINEZ-PUJALTE University Miguel Hernandez Anna LAWSON University of Leeds Barbara MAYORAL CSR+D Ian LOYNES SPECTRUM Centre for Indepdnent Living CIC

Beatriz RABADAN Fundación ONCE Phil MADDEN EASPD – European Association of Service Providers for Persons with Disabilities María TUSSY Fundación ONCE Alice MAYNARD Scope Francisco VANO National Parliament Ruth MARVEL Scope David ZANOLETTY GARCÍA Fundación ONCE John MCLACHLAN Scope Sweden Georgette MULHEIR Lumos Foundation Camilla BOGARVE PO-Skåne Rachel MURRAY University of Bristol Jamie BOLLING ENIL – European Network on Independent Living Iain NEWTON Government Equalities Ofce Ingrid BURMAN HSO – The Swedish Disability Federation Jude PALMER Digital Outreach ("Convey") Ingemar FAERM The Swedish Migraine Association Mark PRIESTLEY University of Leeds

Annex 164 RESEARCH NETWORK 2014–2015

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Carena ROGERS Scope Deborah LISI-BAKER University of Vermont Lucy Elizabeth (Liz) SAYCE Disability Rights United Kingdom Janet E. LORD University of Maryland School of Law Susan SCOTT-PARKER Business Disability Forum Rocio MARTINEZ International Foundation for Electoral Systems Rohan SLAUGHTER Scope Andrea MAZZARINO Human Rights Watch Jakob UEXKULL World Future Council LeAnna MILL Brokerage Services Catherine ZENNSTROM Zennstrom Philanthropies Tina MINKOWITZ World Network of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry Uruguay David MORRISSEY United States International Council on Disabilities Graciela RUMI CEJAS PLENADI Jessica MURRAY City University of New York United States Alekzandra POSARAC World Bank Group Virginia ATKINSON IFES – International Foundation for Electoral Systems Frances PURDY Family Support Professional Association Aaron AZELTON National Democratic Institute José RAMIREZ Jr. DPI Shanta Rau BARRIGA Human Rights Watch Maria Veronica REINA Global Partnership for Disability and Development Orsolya BARTHA IDA – International Disability Alliance Cheryl ROE Skills Inc. Daniela BAS United Nations Department of Economic and Social Afairs David A. ROJAS MEJIA The Trust for the Americas Rosangela BERMAN-BIELER UNICEF – United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund Jay RUDERMAN Ruderman Foundation Susanne BRUYERE University of Cornell Rinkle SHAH Queensland University of Technology Jane BUCHANAN Human Rights Watch Michael Ashley STEIN University of Harvard, Harvard Disability Project Kelly BUCKLAND National Council on Independent Living Wendy STROBEL GOWER Cornell University Thomas BUTCHER Essl Foundation Cathleen THOMAS Regina CAMPA Scytl Catherine TOWNSEND Wellspring Advisors, LLC LaWanda COOK The Northeast ADA Center Linda "UMBAYEMAKE LUMBAY6 Intervention Julie COOK Disability Solutions @Ability Beyond Christopher WORMAN TechSoup Global Nicholas COUDSY Everyone Counts Venezuela Vladimir CUK IDA – International Disability Alliance Silvina ACOSTA The Trust for the Americas Sera DAVIDOW Western Massachusetts Recovery Learning Community Nilka CALDERÓN FUNDADISCAPACIDAD Georgia DOMINIK IDA – International Disability Alliance Viet Nam Susan DUNN MIUSA – Mobility International USA Vu Thi TUYET MAI CBM – Christofel Blind Mission Juan FIGUEROA, SR Disablity Rights Center of the Virgin Islands Yemen Martin GOULD G3ict Manal AL ASHWAL Al Saeeda Society Chris HANSEN Intentional Peer Support (IPS) Zimbabwe Akiko ITO CRPD – United Nations Secretariat Fambaineni MAGWEVA NASCOH Brenda KOTEWA Lovemore RAMBIYAWO NASCOH Axel LEBLOIS G3ict W.N. RUVERE Jairos Jiri Association

Research Network 2015–2016

List of all persons that have contributed to the research on Education and Information & Communication Technologies

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Afghanistan Australia Mohammad Sadiq MOHIBI Afghanistan CBR Network Benjamin QUANSAH Good Shepherd Community Services Albania Cher NICHOLSON ASSET & HCSCC Anila MECO Save the Children, Albania Program Christina RYAN Advocacy for Inclusion Arian MALCELLARI Head school Gimnasium:M.Çollaku Graeme SMITH Ability Research Centre Ingrid JONES Partnere per Femijet Keith MARTIN Epic Assist Ismailaj NDREK Albanian National Concil Stian H THORESEN Curtin University Zela KOKA MEDPAK Therese CAMPBELL WorkFocus Group Angola Austria Silva Lopes Etiambulo AGOSTINHO ANDA Albert BRANDSTÄTTER Lebenshilfe Österreich Antigua a. Barbuda Andreas JESSE autArK Soziale Dienstleistungs-GmbH Leslie EMANUEL Association of Persons with Disabilities Angela WROBLEWSKI IHS Argentina Christina MEIERSCHITZ ÖAR Karina PUDOR Iguazú Argentina C.E.E.S.A. Daniele MARANO Hilfsgemeinschaft Armenia David HOFER LIFEtool gemeinnützige GmbH Armen ALAVERDYAN Unison NGO Elisabeth KERN Institut für Sozialdienste Vorarlberg Marine MALKHASYAN UNDP Elisabeth KRÖN Specialisterne Austria Susanna TADEVOSYAN NGO "Bridge of Hope" Elmar W.M. FÜRST WU Wien

Zero Project Network 165 RESEARCH NETWORK 2015–2016

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Erwin BUCHINGER Behindertenanwaltschaft des Bundes Vichetra KONG Komar Pikar Foundation Franz DOTTER Klagenfurt University Cameroon Germain Jean-Marie WEBER Universität Wien, Fakultät für Psychologie Ntobuah JULIUS MVENYI Cameroon Disable Person Assoc. Hans-Jürgen GROSS Groß Consulting Canada Hansjörg HOFER Federal Ministry for Social Afairs Benjamin DARD Christofel Blind Mission Helga FASCHING Universität Wien Betty DION GAATES Joanna KINBERGER Diakonie Bob TOPPING GAATES Johanna MANG Light for the World Diane RICHLER Inclusion International Karin ASTEGGER Lebenshilfe Salzburg Inés-Elvira B. DE ESCALLÓN Inclusion International Klaudia KAROLINY Selbstbestimmt-Leben-Initiative OÖ Karen MCCALL Karlen Communications Klaus HÖCKNER Hilfsgemeinschaft Cape Verde Klaus MIESENBERGER Johannes Kepler Universität Linz Cardoso DAVID ANTÓNIO FECAD Markus PRÖLL Xcessity Software Solutions Chile Marlies NEUMÜLLER Caritas Austria Daniela ESMAR GUTIERREZ Martin SCHENK Diakonie Austria Leonardo FARFAN MUÑOZ Fundacion Amasperger Max RUBISCH Sozialministerium Pamela YAÑEZ Comunidades inclusivas Michael ALTRICHTER Speed Beteiligungen Song SONG Intellectual a Dev Disability Network Norbert KRAMMER VertretungsNetz – Sachwalterschaft China, Hong Kong Otto LAMBAUER Caritas Wien Sania YAU New Life Psychiatric Rehabilitation Paul ELLMAUER Lebenshilfe Salzburg Colombia Richard WIMBERGER Bundeszentrum Inklusive Bildung Lucas CORREA-MONTOYA Saldarriaga-Concha Foundation Rotraut KRALL KHM Luis CÁRDENAS SED Sabine NEUSÜSS Stadt Salzburg Magistrat Ximena SERPA RIADIS Sandra EDELMANN DisAbility Performance Congo, Dem. Republic Shadi ABOU-ZAHRA W3C Consortium Innocent ZENGBA CICPH Slavi SLAVEV BLITAB Technology GmbH Cook Islands Susanne GRABENHOFER Selbstbestimmt Leben Steiermark Kevin HOSKING Cook Islands National Disability Council Thaddäus PROMBERGER Selbstbestimmt Leben Steiermark Cote D'Ivoire Walburga FRÖHLICH atempo GmbH Dabla OUATTARA COPHCI Walter WASNER Ministry for Transport, Innovation, Tech. Croatia Azerbaijan Ada STOJANOVIC BABIC NGO Susret Davud RAHIMLI UDPO Dijana BOROVIĆ-GALOVIĆ Centar za rehabilitaciju ˝Ozalj˝ Davud RAQIMLI UDPO Ladislav LAMZA Osijek "I am just like you" Davud REHIMLI UDPO Lana JURKO Network of Education Policy Centers Firuza BABAYEVA Society "For International Coopration" Nada JAKIR Ministry of Science, Eduaction, Sports Bangladesh Ružica STIPČIĆ Centre for rehabilitation Zagreb Abdus SATTAR DULAL BPKS Slavenka MARTINOVIC Center for Adult Education Validus Salma MAHBUB PNSP Zdenka VIŠNJIĆ Gospodarska škola Čakovec Barbados Colbert ASHBY Barbados National Organization Cyprus Roseanna TUDOR Barbados Council for the Disabled Chrysis MICHAELIDES European Social Forum Cyprus Belgium Czech Republic Alex VERHEYDEN ADO Icarus Ondrej FOLK Czech National Disability Council Gauthier DE BECO University of Leeds Šárka KÁŇOVÁ Charles University Luk ZELDERLOO EASPD Denmark Martine AITKEN incluD-ed Andreas JULL SØRENSEN Danish Disability Council Silvia BALMAS European Foundation Centre Dominica Sonja DESIMPEL Nathalie MURPHY DAPD Yves VEULLIET IBM Dominican Republic Belize Ana Mercedes MOTA CASTRO ALOPEDIS Roxanne MARIN BAPDA Bernardo SANTANA CABRERA Federación Nacional Bénin Caridad ALTAGRACIA ALOPEDIS Abdel Rahman OUOROU BARE COIPH Eric Dalby. ALBAREZ MERCADO. Federación Nacional Géronime TOKPO Fédération des Associations Ingrid MEDRANO Federación Nacional Théodule MAGAN C. M. MIWADAGBE Manuela Josefna MORA FELIZ Federación Nacional Bhutan Pania SANTANA RODRÍGUEZ Federación Nacional Sanga DORJI DPAB Vicente ENCARNACIÓN MONTERO ALOPEDIS Bosnia-Herzegovina Ecuador Jasminko BIJELIĆ "Lotos" Tuzla Ana Lucia ARELLANO RIADIS Brazil Lenin MORENO UN Secretary General's Special Envoy Joelson DIAS Barbosa e Dias Advogados Associados Natasha LUDWIG CBM Luis MAUCH Mais Diferenças Egypt Luiz Alberto David ARAUJO Pontifícia Univ Católica de São Paulo Ahmed EL ABADY 7 million organization (DPOs) Bulgaria El Salvador Ivan KARAGYOZOV mental league Angélica MONTEAGUDO ACOGIPRI Lyubov DRAGANOVA Sozopol Foundation Ethiopia Mincho KORALSKI Agency for People with Disabilities Shitaye ASTAWES FENAPD Burkina Faso Tefera TADESSE Salu Evelyne HIEN WINKOUN FEBAH Fiji Burundi Rakesh CHAND Fiji Disabled Peoples Federation Adelaide NYIGINA UPHB Finland Cambodia Jyrki PINOMAA Aspa Foundation Sophan KY CDPO Phillipa SANDHOLM World Federation of the Deaf

Annex 166 RESEARCH NETWORK 2015–2016

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization France Alessandro REDAVIDE Consulta per le Persone in Difcoltà Bernadette GROSYEUX Centre de la Gabrielle Brando BENIFEI European Parliament Catherine AGIUS Foundation de France Daniela ORLANDI Pro get to Inclusivo Denis PELSY Fondation des Amis de l'Atelier Giampiero GRIFFO Forum Italiano sulla Disabilita Ernestine NGO MELHA IREDU/Université de Bourgogne Ianes DARIO Universität Bolzano Gambia Maura Clotilde VIEZZOLI CISP Ebrima DIBBASEY Gambia Federation of Disabled Jamaica Georgia Samantha CHANTRELLE Digicel Foundation Davit GABAIDZE Government Republik of Ajara Japan Germany Ryosuke MATSUIR Society for Rehabilitation Angela SACK-HAUCHWITZ Eine Mitte für alle Yasunobu ISHII The Nippon Foundation Birgit ROTHENBERG University Dortmund Jordan Christiane RISCHER MOBILE – Selbstbestimmtes Leben Adnan AL ABOUDI Equality Association Dieter-Lebrecht KOCH European Parliament Frances ABOUZEID USAID Dunja KIETZ MOBILE – Selbstbestimmtes Leben Rana MATAR King's Academy Helmut VOGEL Deutscher Gehörlosen-Bund e.V. Kenya Janet WULF-SCHNABEL Stiftung Drachensee Anderson GITONGA United Disabled Persons of Kenya Kurt-Ulrich WIGGERS In der Gemeinde leben gGmbH Elizabeth KAMUNDIA University of Pretoria Manuel SALOMON MOBILE – Selbstbestimmtes Leben Joseph EVANS Swedish Committee for Afghanistan Rüdiger LEIDNER German Federation for the Blind Kosovo Ulrich PFEUFER St. Augustinus – Behindertenhilfe Drita KADRIU Center for Democratization Civile Sociati Ghana Lulavere BEHLULI Ministry Of Education Science, Technology Auberon JELEEL ODOOM Inclusion Ghana Kuwait Juventus DUORINAAH National association of the Deaf Fatemah R. S. ALAQROUQAH Center for Child Evaluation & T. Yaw Ofori DEBRA Ghana Federation of the Disabled Kyrgyzstan Greece Seinep DYIKANBAEVA APDC Athena FRANGOULI Society of Socal Psychiatry Laos Ilias RAFAIL IASIS NGO Nouanta LATSAVONGXAY Lao Disabled People’s Association Guatemala Lebanon Luis RAYMUNDO COPDIGUA Geroges XANTHOPOULOS Arcenciel Victor Armando CRISTALES RAMIREZ Colectivo de Educacion para todas Nawaf KABBARA AOPD Guinea Lesotho François Moriba DOPAVOGUI FEGUIPAH Rabasotho MOELETSI (LNFOD Nancy Rose CRESPIN Association pour la Promotion Liberia Guyana Naomi B. HARRIS NUOD Ganesh SINGH Council of Organisations Libya Haiti Abdusalam SHLEBAK Libyan Paralympic Joseph ALEXIS CBM Bashir EL FAITORY Libyan Organization for the Rights of PWD Marie Jessie ALEXANDRE MUSCADIN Réseau Associatif Lithuania Honduras Ramunė ŠIDLAUSKAITĖ Association of people with disabilities Dayana MARTINZ BURKE ANADISH-DPI Honduras Luxembourg Dayana MARTINEZ Fuhril Arthur LIMBACH-REICH University of Luxembourg Hungary Jones GINETTE MTEESS Raluca BUNEA Open Society Foundations Raymond CECCOTTO APEMH Foundation Iceland Silvio SAGRAMOLA Info-Handicap Magnús STEPHENSEN University of Iceland Yannick BREUER Info-handicap India Macedonia Javed ABIDI NCPEDP Elena KOCHOSKA Polio Plus Jayshree RAVEENDRAN Ability Foundation Gordana NESTOROVSKA School ,Joakim Krchoski, Volkovo Meera SHENOY Youth4Jobs Foundation Vladimir LAZOVSKI Open the Windows Parul GHOSH Department of Empowerment Madagascar Rajasree VRINDAVAN ST. JOSEPH'S COLLEGE Ralphine RAZAKA Réseau National des Femmes Handicapées V Isaac GEORGE Wipro Infrastrucutre Engineering Malawi Indonesia Naomie KALUA Federation of Disability Organizations Antoni TSAPUTRA PPDI Kota Padang Malaysia Maria UN HWDI Gayathri VADIVEL Social Security Organisation Malaysia Nuah Perdamenta TARIGAN GPDLI Natalia ILIEVA Asia-Pacifc Broadcasting Union Sunarman SUKAMTO CBR – DTC Noor Yasmin ABDUL KARIM CBR Network Iraq Maldives Alhasan ALREFAEY Short People Association in Thi-Qar Ahmed Mohamed AHMED MAPD Noori Raza Ahmed BARZINJY Rozh Society for PWDs in Kurdistan Mali Ireland Moctar BA FEMAPH Caroline CARSWELL Sound Advice Ireland Malta Frank LARKIN Donegal Centre for Independent Living Amy CAMILLERI ZAHRA National Commission James HUBBARD Centre for Excellence in Universal Design Marthese MUGLIETTE Federation of Organisations James MCCLEAN Cairde Le Cheile Mauritania Louise MCCANN Disability Federation of Ireland Amina EL MOKHTAR Mauritanian disable women conglomerate Rose KAVANAGH INCADDS El Kotob MAHAM BABOU des Personnes Handicapees Israel Mauritius Avital SANDLER-LOEFF American Jewish Joint Committee Nalini RAMASAMY Fraternite Mauricienne Michal RIMON Access Israel Mexico Michal SADEH Access Israel Andres BALCAZAR GAATES Italy Diana ACUÑA CBM

Zero Project Network 167 RESEARCH NETWORK 2015–2016

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Irene TORICES RODARTE Geishad A.C. Peru Micronesia Hugo LEON IBAÑEZ CONFENADIP Nelbert PEREZ Pohnpei Consumer Organization Liliana PEÑAHERRERA Sociedad Peruana de Sindrome Down Moldova Renata BREGAGLIO Pontifcia Universidad Católica del Perú Domnica GINU Lumos Foundation Philippines Galina BULAT Lumos Carmen ZUBIAGA National Council on Disability Afairs Iuri GHEORGHITA The Association of Rehabilitation Dandy VICTA National Council on Disability Afairs Vitali COVALIOV Union of organizations of PWD Jennifer v. GARCIA Philippine Coalition on the UNCRPD Vitalie MESTER Centre of Legal Assistance Remberto ESPOSA JR Philippine Web Accessibility Group Mongolia Renante BASAS Commission on Human Rights Munkhtul KHATANBAATAR Universal Progress ILC Victor RESCOBER Philippine Blind Union Inc. Montenegro Poland Anita MARIC Bureou for Education Joanna WOJTYNSKA Polish Disability Forum Goran MACANOVIC Union of the Blind of Montengro Qatar Marina VUJAČIĆ Association of youth with disabilities David BANES Mada Morocco Romania Ahmed BERKIA Union Marocain des Organisations Marin MIC Inocenti Foundation Ismail BOUDROUS Association Basma Matei GHIGIU 3DecembrieALTfel Myanmar Rwanda Nay Lin Soe SOE Myanmar Independent Living Initiative Sam BADEGE NOUSPR Nyunt THANE Myanmar Down Syndrome Association Saint Kitts And Nevis Salai VANNI BAWI Myanmar Council of PWD Patricia Nurse CLARKE St. Kitts Nevis Association Salai Vanni BAWI Myanmar Council of PWD Saint Lucia Namibia Merphilus James JAMES National Council of and for PWD Cynthy HAIHAMBO University of Namibia St Vincent/Grenadines Nepal Patricia CUMBERBATCH National Soceity of persons with disAbility Birendra POKHAREL ADRAD Samoa Maheshwar GHIMIRE Nepal Disabled Human Rights Center Nofovaleane MAPUSUA NOLA (Nuanua O Le Alofa) Shudarson SUBEDI National Federation of the Disabled Saudi Arabia Suraj SIGDEL IFES Azara ALA'A Fair Dear Netherlands HRH Princess Latifa AL-SAUD Saudi Association for Parents of PWD Joni OYSERMAN Signhands Senegal Jose SMITS inclusienederland Gorgui DIALLO Action Enfance Senegal Mathilde DE GEUS DGA Ibrahima BOB British Embassy Dakar Michael KAMP GLADNET Yatma FALL Federation Senegalaise des Associations Sander SCHOT Light for the World Serbia New Zealand Hiljmnijeta APUK NGO Little People of Kosova Claire STEWART IHC Sierra Leone Karen KHAYAT Freelance education consultant Solomon SABONDO Disability Awareness Action Group (DAAG) Paula BOOTH Disabled Persons Assembly Singapore Sally JACKSON Ministry of Education Marissa MEDJERAL-MILLS Disabled People’s Association Shannon HENNIG Inclusive Communication Solomon Islands Nicaragua Casper FA'ASALA Disabled Persons Rehabilitation Association Katharina PFORTNER CBM Somalia Wilber TORRES MORALES ORD Abbas ADDOW SODEN Niger South Africa Alzouma Maiga IDRISS Fédération Nigérienne Devon PALANEE ATHENA – Interactive Training Network Gillian MOSES Disabled People South Africa Nigeria Marque PRETORIUS Victory Over Disability Homes Chinenye OKOYE UZOH Disability Aid Organisation Shona MCDONALD Shonaquip Christian NJOKU Mopotac – Africa Stanley BAWDEN The Living Link Ekaete UMOH Joint National Association of PWD Susanne DIPPENAAR ATHENA – Interactive Training Network Norway Willene HOLNESS Personal Eli KNØSEN Equality and antidiscrimination ombud Spain G. Anthony GIANNOUMIS Oslo and Akershus University Carla BONINO COVAS Fundación ONCE Tove Linnea BRANDVIK Independent living Norway Carlos SANCHEZ Fundación ONCE Vibeke Marøy MELSTRØM Uloba – Independent Living Norway Cecilia CONDE CSR-D Pakistan Cesar MAURI Confederacion ASPACE Atta HAQ Youth Association for Development Emmanuelle GUTIÉRREZ Y RESTREPO Fundación Sidar – Acceso Universal Ghulam Nabi NIZAMANI CBR Asia Pacifc Network Enrique Diego BERNARDO EMT Madrid, S.A. M. Mobin Uddin MOBIN UDDIN PDPI Javier ARROYO MÉNDEZ ASPAYM-Madrid Muzammal ISLAM STAR Association Jesús HERNÁNDEZ ONCE Foundation Omair AHMAD Network of Organizations Josep M. SOLÉ Fundació Tutelar de les Comarques Gironines Zeeshan YOUSAF Naya Jeevan Juan Carlos CHICOTE Ilunion Technology and Accessibility Palestine Manuel POZA ONCE Foundation Ola Abu ALGHAIB University of East Anglia Maria TUSSY Fundación ONCE Awad ABAIYAT Palestinian General Union of PWD Maria URRERO European Network for CSR+D Refat SABBAH Teacher Creativity Center Miguel Ángel CABRA DE LUNA Fundación ONCE Panama Sabina LOBATO Fundación ONCE Jose Maria BATISTA GUTIERREZ Anisopedi Sri Lanka Papua New Guinea Senarath ATTANAYAKE Wheels in Motion Ipul POWASEU PNG Assembly of Disabled Persons Sudan

Annex 168 RESEARCH NETWORK 2015–2016

Forename Surname Organization Forename Surname Organization Henry SWAKA South Sudan Union of PWD Laura AKGERMAN Ohio Dominican University Mohammed GAAFAR Edrak Organization for PWD Laura PATEY Wesleyan University Suriname Lauren LINDSTROM University of Oregon Natasia HANENBERG-AGARD NSBS Leah MAXSON Institute of International Education Sweden Millicent ODHIAMBO Southeast Missouri State University Jamie BOLLING ENIL Mohammed Ali LOUTFY Lebanese Physical Handicapped Union Kerstin SELLIN JAG Association Nance LONGWORTH Davidson College Roger MARKLUND Swedish Disability Federation Patricia TOOMBS Ivy Tech Community College Thomas STRANDBERG SIDR Ray HORTON Cincinnati Christian University Viveca GRANBERG Region Värmland Robert L. POSEY Texas Dept of Licensing & Regulation Switzerland Tracie MALDONADO Hairstylists Association for Individual rehab Angie HAGMANN avanti donne Whitney BROWN University of Maryland, Baltimore Ilaha RZAYEVA International Telecommunication Union Uzbekistan Michel BLUM Direction générale de l'action sociale Guljahon MAHMADKULOVA Tashkent city «Millennium» Syria Vanuatu Chavia ALI Cultural Forum Nelly CALEB Disability Promotion & Advocacy Assoc Taiwan Viet Nam Heng-Hao CHANG National Taipei University Van DUONG THI Hanoi Association of PWD Tajikistan Yemen Asadullo ZIKRIKHUDOEV Dushanbe “IMKONIYAT” Manal Ali ALASHWAL alsaeeda association for deaf girls Tanzania Zambia Abushir KHATIB Department of Disability Afairs Patience KANGUMA ZAFOD Abeida Rashid ABDALLAH Department of Disability Afairs Zimbabwe Togo Lovemore RAMBIYAWO NASCOH Komivi AYASSOU Fédération Togolaise Wilson RUVERE Jairos Jiri Association Yawovi Victor ALIPUI NANA APAPE Country of residence not available Trinidad And Tobago Adele D. FURRIE Adele Furrie Consulting Inc. Adanna CONSTANTINE CODO Agneta GUSTAFSSON Swedish National Agency Jason CLARKE Tobago House of Assembly Brikena KULLOLLI Sharda RAMLAKHAN Chris CORMENCY Unicef Tunisia David GOWANS Elhani ANWER OTDDPH Diana ANDRADE Fundación para las Americas Turkey Elam BEGIC Dimitri MARIASSIN UNDP Gentjana SULA Ministry of Social Welfare and Youth Turkmenistan Keiichiro TAMARU DPI Japan Durdymukhammed ANNAYEV Central Athletic Sports Kosana BEKER Tuvalu Ludmila MALCOCI Mine PILIKOSI Fusi Alofa Manuele SANCES FERREIRA Uganda Mona AL MANSOORI Gulf disability society Dolorence WERE NASWA USDC Paul VAN WALLEGHEM Privé Martin Babu MWESIGWA National Union of Disabled Persons Pedro CHANA Ukraine Rodrigo HÜBNER MENDES Olesya POPOVA DPI Kharkiv Tiina KIVIRAND Ministry of Education and Research Victor MUFFIN Initiative to protect the social rights Tomoyasu NOGUCHI Guardian Of Vaccine Damaged Children United Kingdom Colin LOW (LORD LOW OF DALSTON) RNIB/ICEVI Dan PESCOD RNIB Geof ADAMS-SPINK EDRIC Ian LOYNES SPECTRUM Centre for Independent Living Janet MERZA The Health and Europe Centre Katherine PAYNE Kathryn TOWNSEND Barclays Bank Matthew COCK VocalEyes Maureen PIGGOT Inclusion Europe Michael PAUL Disability Rights UK Susan SCOTT-PARKER Business Disability Forum Martin CREED BHSCT USA Andrea SHETTLE USICD Anne HAYES Independent Consultant Brent ELDER Syracuse University, School of Education Cheryl PAARLBERG Olivet Nazarene University Corey CHARLE Ozarks Technical Community College Dave MEDEARIS Madison College Debbie BRENTON University of Evansville Donald WERTLIEB Partnership for Early Childhood Dev. Jhony NELSON LaGuardia Community College Joshua JOSA USAID Julie MAKI Fitchburg State University Kathleen HASSELBLAD Highline College Kristina STELLPFLUG Western Technical College

Zero Project Network 169 Social Indicators 2013–2017 Overview of all the questionnaires that were part of the Zero Project Social Indicators, the core themes they covered, and the years in which they were included

Questions Year in which question was asked Accessibility Built Environment Data Education Emergency Employment ICT Living Independent Participation Political Goals Dev. Sustainable Transportation UN CRPD 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Are all newly constructed buildings to which there is public access required by law to be accessible to all persons with disabilities? • • • • • • •

Is there a legal time frame for all existing buildings, to which there is public access, to be made accessible to all persons with disabilities? • • • • • • •

Are all modes of urban public transport (bus, metro, tram and train) accessible to all persons with disabilities? • • • • • • •

In a situation of risk, is the state’s early warning system accessible to all persons with disabilities? • • • • • • Is sign language an ofcially recognized language in the courts? • • • • • Is there a legal requirement for public sector bodies’ websites and websites of publicly available services in your country to be accessible to all persons with • • • • • • • disabilities?

Does a person with disabilities have the right to receive free and compulsory primary education within the mainstream educational system? • • • • • •

Do university students with disabilities have access to alternative testing methods? • • • • • •

Are ofcial statistics published covering the number of persons with disabilities who graduate from university (and tertiary education in general)? • • • • • • •

Does your country collect data on persons, including children, with disabilities living in institutions? • • •

Does the state oblige employers to take the necessary action on accommodations made in the workplace for all employees with disabilities? • • • • • •

Is the number of persons with disabilities employed by the state both calculat- ed and published? • • • • • • •

Did the percentage of persons with disabilities employed increase in calendar year ..? • • • • • • •

Are ofcial statistics about education and employment of persons with disabilities published at least every 10 years? • • • • • • • •

Is there an umbrella organization representing at minimum 50% of all those associations for persons with disabilities that receives directly basic publich • • • • • • funding?

If the state has signed or ratifed the Convention, has it designated ‘focal points’ within government to address matters relating to the Convention’s • • • • • • implementation?

Annex 170 • = YES Questions Year in which question was asked Accessibility Built Environment Data Education Emergency Employment ICT Living Independent Participation Political Goals Dev. Sustainable Transportation UN CRPD 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Is an audio version, a sign language translation and a plain language version of the Convention available on an ofcial state website, in all ofcial languages of • • • • • • the country?

Is there a legal framework on inclusive education in place for the whole country, for compulsory education (normally primary and secondary schools)? • •

Is the ministry of education responsible for the education of all children, including children with disabilities? • •

If a legal framework towards inclusive education exists for compulsory education (normally primary and secondary schools): Is there a funding mechanism in place as well, including the re-allocating of public budgets from a segregated, • • special school system towards inclusive mainstream schools?

Are decisions on government level to promote inclusive education based on objective and fair procedures, and on a dialogue in which all parties can debate • • all available options, including young people with disabilities themselves?

Is ofcial data available on the enrolment of children with disabilities in pre- school and kindergarten? • • •

Is ofcial data available on children with disabilities who are in compulsory education (normally primary and secondary schools)? • • •

Are accessible school books and study materials for primary & secondary school available for all children with disabilities, without additional costs? • •

Is sufcient public funding available to ensure that all children with disabilities in primary and secondary schools of the mainstream education system receive • • learning opportunities equal to their non-disabled peers?

Do foreign students with disabilities who are visiting short-term on an exchange program have the possibility to apply for additional support at the host univer- • • sity/country?

Is ofcial data available on public buildings, including schools and universities, that comply with the ISO 21542:2011 standards on accessibility and usability of • • • • the built environment?

Do future teachers in compulsory education (primary and secondary schools) have to attend a compulsory training/course on inclusive education in their • • curricula before being allowed to teach?

Does data exist on the number of teachers at mainstream schools (primary and secondary) that have received in-service training during the past year to teach • • • and accommodate students with special educational needs?

Is the total number of young women with disabilities graduating from Universi- ties equal to those of young men with disabilities? • • •

Are ofcial statistics about young adults with disabilities graduating from mainstream vocational training institutions available? • • • Does the law provide for the possibility of partial guardianship? • • • Are all persons with disabilities legally entitled to all the fnance needed to support their living independently and being included in the community? • • •

Do safeguards exist to ensure that, when persons with disabilities in institutions have the choice as to whether to stay or to leave, they stay only under their • • • own volition?

Question overview 171 QUESTIONS OVERVIEW 2013–2017

Do persons with disabilities have the same rights as others to marry, have children and raise those children? • • • •

Are all medical practices required by law to be accessible to persons with all types of disability? • •

Do persons with disabilities have the right to receive all the necessary support to vote, in secret, in elections for parliament? • • •

Are ofcial statistics published annually covering, at the minimum, the number, age group, see, and care provided to all those persons with disabilities living in • • • • • institutions?

Are persons with disabilities protected against discrimination on the basis of disability in conditions of hiring? • •

Does the state promote the employment of persons with disabilities in the private sector? • • •

For persons with disabilities, are opportunities for self-employment, entrepreneurship, the development of cooperatives, and starting one’s own business, • • promoted by the government? Do persons with disabilities have access to vocational and continuing training? • • Are persons with disabilities provided with assistance, by the state, to fnd employment? • •

Are persons with disabilities legally entitled to receive, on an equal basis with others, remuneration for their work? • •

Is the diference between the general employment rate and the persons with disabilities in employment less than 15%? • • •

Does a quota exist for providing employment to persons with disabilities in the public sector? • • •

Do persons with disabilities share, on an equal basis with others, rights of redress of grievances? • •

Are there additional rules relating to the dismissal of persons with disabilities, on top of the ordinary labour law? • •

Have public authorities in your country obligations/rules to include functional accessibility requirements in ICT and built environment public procurement • • • procedures?

In public services related to social security benefts, are the communications and delivery of the service accessible to all persons with disabilities? • • •

In your country, are accessible broadcasting services (Tv and radio programs) readily available to all persons with disabilities? • • •

In your city, are accessible private taxi transportation services (reservation system and vehicle) readily available to all persons with disabilities? • • •

Is there reliable information about the accessibility of tourism , sport and leisure services and facilities in your city? • •

Are your country main emergency phone lines (police, fre, ambulance) accessible to all persons with disabilities? • • •

Annex 172 • = YES QUESTIONS OVERVIEW 2013–2017

Do ICT university students receive mandatory training modules about inclusive design solutions? • • • •

Do architects and engineers receive mandatory training modules about inclusive design solutions? • • • •

In your country, is the information about banking services (ie bank accounts, loans, mortgages..) accessible to all persons with disabilities? • •

In your country, are accessible ATMs (cash dispensing machines) readily available to all persons with disabilities? • •

In your country, are accessible mobile phones handsets readily available to all persons with disabilities? • • •

Are supported decision-making alternatives available to all persons with disabilities? • •

Do appropriate and efective safeguards exist for all processes relating to legal capacity and support in exercising legal capacity? • • •

If forms of residential care exist in your country, are there any alternatives to institutions and do people with disabilities have choice and control over the • • services they use?

If forms of residential care exist in your country, is the number of persons with disabilities living in institutional care decreasing due to the increased availability • • • of quality services in the community supported and funded by the state?

Are facilities and programmes designed to serve persons with disabilities efectively monitored by independent authorities? • •

Do measures and safeguards exist to ensure the right of persons with disabilities to an adequate standard of living for themselves and their families, • • including adequate food, clothing and housing? Is personal assistance available in your country? • • Is there public funding available to ensure that people with disabilities have access to the necessary assistive devices and technologies? • • • •

Do persons with disabilities have the right to stand for elections, to efectively hold ofce and perform all public functions at all levels of government? • •

Are reasonable accommodations available to assist voters with disabilities in voting on their own and in secret in polling stations and public spaces? • • •

Is the ofcial electorate information produced by the Election Management Body accessible to all? • • •

In your country, are there data available on the employment rate of young people with disabilities? • • • • Compared to fve (5) years ago, has the availability of data improved? • • • •

Question overview 173 Social Indicators – overall results All Zero Project Social Indicators 2013 to 2017, aggregated by country groups and core theme, based on the UN CRPD-Articles

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2013: all results

Averages all countries 2,0 1,8 2,3 2,0 2,5 2,1 2,3 2,0 1,8 N/A 2,2 1,9 57

Averages very high developed countries 1,9 1,8 2,1 1,8 2,3 1,9 2,0 1,8 1,7 N/A 1,9 1,8

Averages low developed countries 2,5 2,3 2,8 2,5 3,0 2,6 3,0 2,5 1,8 N/A 2,8 2,0

No. of questions aggregated 5 2 6 4 1 14 1 6 1 0 1 3

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2014: all results

Averages all countries 2,3 2,1 2,4 2,1 2,7 2,2 2,5 2,1 N/A N/A 2,5 2,2 161

Averages very high developed countries 2,1 1,9 2,3 1,9 2,4 2,1 2,2 1,9 N/A N/A 2,1 1,9

Averages low developed countries 2,6 2,4 2,7 2,3 2,8 2,6 2,7 2,4 N/A N/A 2,9 2,3

No. of questions aggregated 16 3 5 5 3 4 6 6 0 0 2 3

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2015: all results

Averages all countries 2,3 2,0 2,4 2,1 2,6 2,3 2,4 2,1 2,2 N/A 2,4 2,1 294

Averages very high developed countries 2,0 1,9 2,2 1,9 2,5 2,0 2,1 1,9 2,1 N/A 2,2 1,9

Averages low developed countries 2,6 2,5 2,7 2,4 2,7 2,6 2,8 2,3 2,4 N/A 2,8 2,3

No. of questions aggregated 9 2 6 4 1 4 1 9 5 0 1 3

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2016: all results

Averages all countries 2,3 2,1 2,4 2,1 2,6 2,3 2,5 2,1 N/A N/A 2,5 2,2 195

Averages very high developed countries 2,0 1,8 2,0 1,8 2,2 1,9 2,2 1,5 N/A N/A 2,2 2,0

Averages low developed countries 2,7 2,5 2,7 2,3 2,8 2,6 2,7 2,6 N/A N/A 2,9 2,3

No. of questions aggregated 5 3 10 18 1 4 1 1 0 0 1 3

Annex 174

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2017: all results

Averages all countires 2,3 2,1 2,5 2,2 2,7 2,3 2,4 2,2 N/A 2,5 2,6 2,1 155

Averages very high developed countries 2,0 1,8 2,3 1,9 2,7 2,1 2,0 1,7 N/A 2,5 2,2 1,8

Averages low developed countries 2,6 2,4 2,5 2,4 2,9 2,4 2,7 2,5 N/A 2,5 2,8 2,2

No. of questions aggregated 4 2 7 4 1 8 1 2 0 2 1 3

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2013–2017: all results

Averages all countires 2,3 2,0 2,4 2,1 2,6 2,3 2,4 2,1 2,0 2,5 2,5 2,1 862

Averages very high developed countries 2,0 1,9 2,2 1,9 2,4 2,0 2,1 1,8 1,9 2,5 2,1 1,9

Averages low developed countries 2,6 2,4 2,7 2,4 2,8 2,6 2,8 2,4 2,1 2,5 2,8 2,2

No. of questions aggregated 39 12 34 35 7 34 10 24 6 2 6 15

No. of questionnaires: Number of questionnaires that were received and data aggregated in this Indicator Themes in Columns: Selected core themes of the UN CRPD, the questionnaire table shows, which questions have been aggregated in which theme. Number of questionnaires aggregated: total number of questionnaires completed by respondees Indicator Value: A social indicator of 1.0 means that all questionnaire respondents (would) have answered with "yes" ("green light"). A social indicator of 3.0 means that all questionnaire respondents (would) have answered with "no" (red light"). A social indicator of 2.0 means that all questionnaire respondents have, on average, answered with "yes with qualifcations" ("orange light"). Averages all countries: The Social Indicators states the average of all respondents worldwide Average very high developed countries/low developed countries: Countries grouped according to the Human Development Index of UNDP 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017; 2013-2017: Results of individual years; average of all questionnaires received

Social Indicators 175 SOCIAL INDICATORS 2013–2017

Social Indicators per regions Social Indicator results are aggregated by worldwide regions, based on the system of the UN Data Division.

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Asia & Pacifc1

2013 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.2 1.9 N/A 2.5 2.1 14

2014 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.8 2.2 2.5 2.1 N/A N/A 2.7 2.3 51

2015 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.3 N/A 2.6 2.2 59

2016 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.2 N/A N/A 2.6 2.4 66

2017 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.2 N/A 2.5 2.7 2.3 36

all: 2013-2017 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.2

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European Countries

2013 2.0 1.7 2.2 1.9 2.5 2.0 2.3 1.8 1.7 N/A 2.1 1.7 14

2014 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.3 1.9 N/A N/A 2.3 1.9 51

2015 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1 N/A 2.2 1.9 59

2016 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.5 2.0 2.1 1.7 N/A N/A 2.2 1.9 66

2017 1.9 1.8 2.3 1.9 2.8 2.1 1.9 1.5 N/A 2.5 2.3 1.8 36

all: 2013-2017 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.6 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.5 2.2 1.9

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Latin, Central America & Caribbean

2013 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.1 N/A 2.3 2.3 9

2014 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 N/A N/A 2.4 2.2 29

2015 2.3 1.8 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.6 N/A 2.6 2.2 37

2016 2.3 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.3 N/A N/A 2.4 2.3 26

2017 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 N/A 2.5 2.6 2.2 34

all: 2013-2017 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3

Annex 176 1 including central Asia and Middle East SOCIAL INDICATORS 2013–2017

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North America

2013 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

2014 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

2015 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.6 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.0 N/A 2.0 2.5 20

2016 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.5 N/A N/A 2.0 2.7 5

2017 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

all: 2013-2017 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 2.5 1.7 2.5

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North Africa

2014 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.1 N/A N/A 2.3 2.4 7

2015 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.6 2.8 1.8 1.8 N/A 2.7 2.2 6

2016 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

2017 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.1 3.0 2.5 3.0 1.9 N/A 2.5 2.7 2.9 4

all: 2013-2017 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.9 2.5 2.7 1.9 1.8 2.5 2.7 2.5

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Oceania

2013 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

2014 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

2015 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.0 2.2 N/A 2.6 2.0 15

2016 2.3 2.1 2.4 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.1 N/A N/A 2.6 2.1 12

2017 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.2 N/A 2.5 2.8 2.0 9

all: 2013-2017 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.5 1.9

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Sub-Saharan Africa

2013 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

2014 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.3 N/A N/A 2.7 2.3 33

2015 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.2 N/A 2.8 2.2 50

2016 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.3 N/A N/A 2.8 2.3 48

2017 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.4 N/A 2.5 2.8 2.1 46

all: 2013-2017 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.3 1.6 2.5 2.6 2.0

Social Indicators 177 SOCIAL INDICATORS 2013–2017

Social Indicators by world regions Social Indicator results are aggregated by regions, including MENA (Middle East and Northern Africa) and GIS (Former Soviet Union countries).

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MENA

2013 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

2014 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.1 N/A N/A 2.6 2.2 34

2015 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.2 N/A 2.6 2.2 29

2016 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.0 N/A N/A 2.7 2.4 32

2017 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.1 N/A 2.5 2.8 2.4 19

all: 2013-2017 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.3

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Caribbean

2013 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0

2014 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.9 N/A N/A 2.4 2.1 9

2015 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.4 N/A 2.8 2.4 12

2016 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.0 2.5 N/A N/A 2.5 2.4 13

2017 2.2 1.9 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 N/A 2.5 2.8 2.2 19

all: 2013-2017 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.3

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Central Eastern Europe. GIS

2013 2.0 1.7 2.3 2.0 2.8 2.1 2.5 1.8 1.8 N/A 2.3 1.9 15

2014 2.0 1.7 2.3 2.0 2.7 2.0 2.3 1.9 N/A N/A 2.3 1.9 12

2015 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.8 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.3 N/A 2.3 2.1 31

2016 2.1 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.4 2.1 2.2 1.9 N/A N/A 2.2 2.1 15

2017 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.9 2.2 2.0 2.0 N/A 2.5 2.5 2.2 11

all: 2013-2017 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.7 2.1 2.3 1.9 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.0

Annex 178 SOCIAL INDICATORS 2013–2017

Social Indicators by HDI Social Indicator results are aggregated by the four groups as defned by the Human Development Index auf the UNDP.

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Very High Development

2013 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.8 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.7 N/A 1.9 1.8 30

2014 2.1 1.9 2.3 1.9 2.4 2.1 2.2 1.9 N/A N/A 2.1 1.9 38

2015 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.5 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1 N/A 2.2 1.9 118

2016 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.9 2.2 1.5 N/A N/A 2.2 2.0 50

2017 1.9 1.8 2.3 1.9 2.7 2.1 2.0 1.7 N/A 2.5 2.2 1.8 26

all: 2013-2017 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.5 2.1 1.9

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High Development

2013 2.1 1.7 2.5 2.2 3.0 2.3 2.6 2.0 2.1 N/A 2.5 1.8 15

2014 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.7 2.1 2.4 2.0 N/A N/A 2.4 2.1 50

2015 2.2 1.8 2.3 2.1 2.7 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.2 N/A 2.4 2.1 64

2016 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.1 N/A N/A 2.5 2.4 39

2017 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.0 N/A 2.5 2.7 2.3 43

all: 2013-2017 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.1

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Medium Development

2013 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

2014 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.2 N/A N/A 2.7 2.5 38

2015 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.3 N/A 2.8 2.2 49

2016 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.1 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 N/A N/A 2.5 2.2 49

2017 2.2 1.9 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.3 N/A 2.5 2.6 2.2 37

all: 2013-2017 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.6 2.3

Social Indicators 179 SOCIAL INDICATORS 2013–2017

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Low Development

2013 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.5 3.0 2.6 3.0 2.5 1.8 N/A 2.8 2.0 5

2014 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.4 N/A N/A 2.9 2.3 34

2015 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.4 N/A 2.8 2.3 59

2016 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.6 N/A N/A 2.9 2.3 54

2017 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.5 N/A 2.5 2.8 2.2 47

all: 2013-2017 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.8 2.2

Economic Membership Organizations

Social Indicator results are aggregated by economic membership organizations: OECD, European Union, and ASEAN

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OECD

2013 – member 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.7 N/A 1.9 1.8 5

2013 – non member 2.2 1.8 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.1 1.9 N/A 2.5 2.0 34

2014 – member 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.8 2.4 2.0 2.2 1.8 N/A N/A 2.1 1.9

2014 – non member 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.2 N/A N/A 2.6 2.2

2015 – member 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.1 N/A 2.1 2.0

2015 – non member 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.3 N/A 2.6 2.2

2016 – member 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.5 N/A N/A 2.2 2.0

2016 – non member 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.3 N/A N/A 2.6 2.3

2017 – member 2.0 1.8 2.3 1.9 2.6 2.1 2.0 1.8 N/A 2.5 2.3 1.8 29

2017 – non member 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.3 N/A 2.5 2.7 2.2 32

all: 2013-2017 – member 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.5 2.1 1.9 19

all: 2013-2017 – non member 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.2

Annex 180 SOCIAL INDICATORS 2013–2017

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European Union

2013 – member 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.9 2.3 1.7 1.7 N/A 2.0 1.7 23

2013 – non member 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.1 1.9 N/A 2.4 2.0

2014 – member 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.0 2.2 1.8 N/A N/A 2.2 1.9 25

2014 – non member 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.1 N/A N/A 2.6 2.2

2015 – member 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.2 N/A 2.2 1.9 84

2015 – non member 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.3 N/A 2.5 2.2

2016 – member 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.5 1.9 2.1 1.4 N/A N/A 2.2 1.8 26

2016 – non member 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.2 N/A N/A 2.6 2.3

2017 – member 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.4 N/A 2.5 2.3 1.8 16

2017 – non member 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.3 N/A 2.5 2.7 2.2

all: 2013-2017 – member 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.5 2.0 2.1 1.6 1.9 2.5 2.2 1.8

all: 2013-2017 – non member 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.2

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ASEAN

2013 – member N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

2013 – non member 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.1 2.3 1.9 1.8 N/A 2.2 1.9

2014 – member 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.1 N/A N/A 2.8 2.0 9

2014 – non member 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.7 2.2 2.4 2.1 N/A N/A 2.5 2.2

2015 – member 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.2 N/A 2.6 2.1 16

2015 – non member 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.2 N/A 2.4 2.1

2016 – member 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 N/A N/A 2.6 2.1 21

2016 – non member 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.1 N/A N/A 2.5 2.3

2017 – member 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.2 2.7 2.1 N/A 2.5 2.5 2.1 11

2017 – non member 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.2 N/A 2.5 2.6 2.1

all: 2013-2017 – member 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.1

all: 2013-2017 – non member 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.1

Social Indicators 181 All 219 Innovative Practices 2013–2016

40 Innovative Practices 2013 – Employment Country

Caritas der Erzdiözese Wien: Training carers for the elderly Austria

ifS – Institut für Sozialdienste Vorarlberg: Integrated employment model Spagat Austria

Johannes Kepler Universität Linz: Support for students with disabilities Austria

Lebenshilfe Graz und Umgebung-Voitsberg: Inclusive care-worker training Austria

SLW – Inclusive partnering with the post ofce Austria

F123 Consulting: Scalable assistive technology iniative Brazil

Alberta Association for Community Living: Post-secondary inclusion Canada

Alberta Association for Community Living: Rotary Employment Partnership Canada

Tyze Personal Networks: a personal network Canada

NLPRA New Life Psychiatric Rehabilitation Association: Jobs for persons with psychosocial disabilities China (Hong Kong)

Best Buddies International: Personalized coaching in the workplace Colombia/USA

Specialist People Foundation: Equal employment opportunities for persons with autism Denmark

Banco D-Miro: Making Micro-Finance inclusive Ecuador

Sabooj: Employment of the hearing impaired France

EBU – European Blind Union: Unemployment resource for the visually impaired France/Europe

Dialogue Social Enterprise GmbH – Dialog in the Dark Germany

Discovering Hands: Blind women as experts in detecting breast cancer Germany

The Trust for the Americas/Organization of American State: POETA: A new approach to labour inclusion Guatemala

Association for Rehabilitation under National Trust Initiative of Marketing (Arunim): Promoting India micro-enterprises

NCPEPD National Center – Sustained Advocacy for promoting equality India

Wipro Infotech Ltd.: Promoting an inclusive workplace India

Ability Awards International – Kanchi: Promoting inclusive business Ireland

LPHU - Lebanese Physical Handicapped Union: Unlocking potentials in economic and social inclusion Lebanon

People First New Zealand Inc.: Hepling Disabled Employees understand their rights New Zealand

ASA Telenor Group: Open Mind – Gateway to an employment, opportunities not obstacles Norway

Centrum DZWONI: Job support for persons with intellectual disabilities Poland

Friends of Integration Association: Integration of disabled persons in the labour market Poland

Genashtim Innovative Learning Pte Ltd.: Inclusion in a virtual organization Singapore

The SIRO Group – labour integration in rural areas Spain

Annex 182 40 Innovative Practices 2013 – Employment Country

Swedish Agency for Participation/Handisam & NSPH Hjärnkoll: Anti-stigma-campaign Sweden

Samhall AB: Personal development through employment Sweden

BDI – Business Disability International: Building disability-smart business United Kingdom

CHANGE Ltd. – a co-working model of employment United Kingdom

Disability Rights UK: Doing careers diferently United Kingdom

European Union of Supported Employment: help for supported employment service providers United Kingdom

First Step Trust: Smart business model – developing work and employment opportunities United Kingdom

Leonard Cheshire Disability: Livelihood Resource Centres United Kingdom

The Arc, For People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities – Transition to adult life United States

University of Oregon/Oregon Vocatiponal Rehabilitation: Young Transition Program United States

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre: SEARCH supported internship United States

54 Innovative Practices 2014 – Accessibility Country

NV Access Limited: Portable screen reader free of charge Australia

Hilfsgemeinschaft and CEIT ALANOVA gemeinnützige GmbH: City Maps, read out loud Austria

Hörwelt GmbH: Mobile hearing aid attachable to shopping carts Austria

Unicredit Bank Austria AG: Towards fully accessible banking services Austria

Easy Entrance GmbH: Consultancy for accessible working environments Austria

Hilfsgemeinschaft and JKU: Webportal to convert math formulae into Braille Austria

WU – Wirtschaftsuniversitaet Wien: Data base for barrier free public transport systems Austria

ÖZIV – Oesterreichischer Zivil-Invalidenverband: One stop shop for Austrian employers Austria

ÖGS/Barrierefrei: Access to information and services for deaf people Austria

Fachhochschule Joanneum: Accessible travel on public transport in Austria Austria

PlanSinn GmbH, Wege-fnden-at: Web-based route planner Austria

Inclusion Europe: European standards for easy-to-read information Germany/Belgium

Intro VZW: Enabling access to various events Belgium

RIOinclui – Obra Social da Didade: Architecture and social work in Rio Brazil

Escola de Gente, Comunicação em Inclusão: Cultural inclusion through accessible theatre Brazil

CETRAM – Centro de Trastornos del Movimiento: Customising health solutions Chile

Diseno Universal Tecnoayudas, Corporación Discapacidad: Digital inclusion kit for persons with disabilities Colombia

Disabled Peoples Organisations Denmark: The most accessible ofce building in the world Denmark

Innovative Practices 183 ALL INNOVATIVE PRACTICES 2013–2016

54 Innovative Practices 2014 – Accessibility Country

Tallinn University of Technology: Higher education accessible in Tallinn Estonia

Ethiopian Center for Disability and Development: Guidebook on an accessible Ethiopia Ethiopia

Delta Process: Service provider for accessible phone calls France

SCOP Le Messageur: Oral communication made fully accessible France

Association Artesens: Experiencing art through diferent senses France

Verbavoice: Technology and services for hearing impaired Germany

PIKSL – In der Gemeinde leben gGmbH: Cooperation reduces digital complexity Germany

Sozialhelden e. V., wheelmap.org: Interactive city map for wheel chair accessibility Germany

CIS – Center for Internet and Society: Afordable text-to-speach software from India India

Muscular Dystrophy Ireland: Staying away from home in a non-clinical setting Ireland

Assistive Technology Development Organization: Evacuation manual in DAISY multimedia format Japan

Open the Windows & Ecumenical Humanitarian Org.: Macedonia and E-accessible education in Macedonia and Serbia Serbia

Association of Youth with Disabilities of Montenegro: Transport service for students in Montenegro Montenegro

Scandic Hotels: Everybody is welcome in an accessible hotel Norway/Sweden

ColorADD Miguel Neiva & Assoc. Lda.: Colour identifcation system for the colourblind Portugal

Mada – Qatar Assistive Technology Center: One-stop-shop for accessibility technologies in Qatar Qatar

BCA – Building and Construction Authority: Certifcation scheme for Universal Design Singapore

ATHENA Interactive Training Network (Pty) Ltd.: Fighting unemployment in poverty stricken areas South Africa

Fundacion ONCE: Finding compatible and accessible mobile devices Spain

ASPACE Confederación: Using ICT to empower persons with cerebral palsy Spain

EMT – Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid: Visual and accoustic information on public Spain busses

Design for All Foundation: Flagging accessible cities and towns Spain

Cultural Heritage without Borders: Communicating art in the Western Balkans Sweden

TAV Istanbul: Airport accessibility for everyone Turkey

Uganda Society for Disabled Children: A fully inclusive and accessible school in Uganda Uganda

Inspired Services Publishing: How to help everyone understand complicated ideas United Kingdom

City Bridge Trust: Providing access to buildings of civil society United Kingdom

Mencap – Changing Places Consortium: Accessible and spacious toilets in public places United Kingdom

Association of Train Operating Companies: Web-based tool to plan access to railway stations United Kingdom

Barclays Bank PLC: Banking made accessible – talking ATMs United Kingdom

Manchester Museum: Haptic and tactile museum experience United Kingdom

MOMA – Museum of Modern Art: Inclusive art education at the MOMA United States

Annex 184 ALL INNOVATIVE PRACTICES 2013–2016

54 Innovative Practices 2014 – Accessibility Country

AMAC Accessibility Solutions and Research Center: Digital library United States

Global Research Innovation and Technology: Mountain bike wheelchair United States

Organisation of American States, Trust for the Americas: Collected ideas for access to the workplace United States

Malteser International: Manual on inclusive disaster risk management Vietnam

39 Innovative Practices 2015 – Independent Living Country

The Trust for the Americas: Promoting legal capacity of people with psychosocial disabilities Argentina

Curtin University – School of Occupational Therapy & Social Work: Individual supported living Australia

SCYTL Secure Electronic Voting: Voting independently and privately Australia

UNIKATE: Competition among students for innovative devices and software Austria

Hogeschool-Universiteit Brussel: "Proefwonen" – fast access to afordable homes Belgium

Onafhankelijk Leven vzw: Training for an active role in society Belgium

Our New Future: Political participation for persons with intellectual disabilities Belgium

Vela Microboard Association: Small non-profts for supported decision-making Canada

Association for Self Advocacy: Voting without legal capacity Croatia

Association for Promoting Inclusion: Living alone with individualized support Croatia

Socialstyrelsen – National Bord of Social Services: Study kit about citizenship and personal rights Denmark

European Expert Group: Diverting EU funds towards community based care European Union

Finnish Federation of the Visually Impaired: Accessible candidate lists for visually impaired Finland

Inclusion Europe: Guidelines for accessible elections in Europe France

Selbstbestimmt Leben e.V. München: Persons with disabilities employing their assistants Germany

Selbstbestimmtes Leben Behinderter e.V.: MOBILE, an all-round support program Germany

Rhein-Main inklusiv e.V.: The ‘employer model‘ in personal assistance Germany

National Federation of Voluntary Bodies: Individualised support and lessons learned Ireland

Israel Unlimited: Helping young adults to live independently Israel

World Health Organisation:De-institutionalisation and community living Italy

Digicel Foundation Jamaica: A business approach to sustainable community living Jamaica

Lumos Foundation: Returning children to their families and an inclusive environment Moldova

International Foundation for Electoral Systems: Training to engage in civil rights Nepal

Uloba: Custom-designed personal assistance Norway

Callan Services for Disabled Persons: Inclusion of children and youths with hearing impairments Papua New Guinea

Innovative Practices 185 ALL INNOVATIVE PRACTICES 2013–2016

39 Innovative Practices 2015 – Independent Living Country

NOUSPR: Empowerment through peer-to-peer support Rwanda

Youth with Disabilities Forum: Online platform on community based services Serbia

Living Link: Creating abilities from disabilities South Africa

Electoral Commission of South Africa: Making ballot papers accessible to the blind South Africa

Cape Mental Health: Sexual abuse victim empowerment program South Africa

ASPAYAM: Free personal assistance Spain

Scope: Using mainstream lower-cost home automation United Kingdom

Spectrum – CIL: User-led organization teaching and inspiring others United Kingdom

Sufolk County Council: A "brokerage" service to provide short breaks United Kingdom

Disability Rights UK: Helpline and platform on personalised care United Kingdom

IFES: Strengthening eloctoral systems to be inclusive and accessible United States

MIUSA – Mobility International USA: "Infltration strategy" for women and girls with disabilities United States

Al Saeeda Association: Employment and inclusion of rural girls with hearing impairments Yemen

Jairos Jiri Association: Enfranchising people with disabilities Zimbabwe

86 Innovative Practices 2016 – Education Country

Swedish Committee for Afghanistan: Creating mainstream schools in a war-torn country Afghanistan

Bridge of Hope: Training the teachers and their trainers in Inclusive Education Armenia

Monash University: Developing indicators for inclusive education in the Pacifc Australia

Access Innovation Media: Live transcripts of lessons and instant feedback to teachers Australia

Child and Adolescent Health Service: Using pictures to promote health Australia

University of Sydney: University experience for persons with intellectual disabilities Australia

Deakin University: Giving a voice to children with disabilities Australia

Austrian Assoc. Supporting the Blind and Visually Impaired: Accessible media using RoboBraille Austria

Caritas Linz: Preparing young people for real jobs in bakeries Austria

Jugend am Werk: Easy-to-read newspaper articles, written by persons with learning difculties Austria

Chance B Holding GmbH: An all-stakeholder approach towards Inclusive Eduation Austria

Ninlil: Preventing bullying against women with learning difculties Austria

BLITAB Technology Gmbh: A tablet that creates Braille, graphics, maps and more Austria

University of Applied Sciences: Promoting innovative assistive technologies internationally Austria

Annex 186 ALL INNOVATIVE PRACTICES 2013–2016

86 Innovative Practices 2016 – Education Country

LIFEtool gemeinnützige GmbH: A computer mouse steered with the mouth Austria

signtime GmbH: The sign language Avatar Project Austria

YPSA: Accessible learning materials for students with visual impairments Bangladesh

Plan International Bangladesh: Creating a role model of inclusive education Bangladesh

Leonard Cheshire Disability: A holistic approach towards inclusive education Bangladesh

IBM – Belgium: Bridging the gap to the ICT industry Belgium

VCLB regio Gent: Supporting teachers with reports on pupil's needs Belgium

Konekt vzw – Lets Co!: Jobs in kindergartens and elder care for persons with intellectual disabilities Belgium

WVA Editoria: One children's book in nine accessible formats Brazil

Ocades Tenkodogo: Multi-stakeholder approach towards inclusive education Burkina Faso

Krousar Thmey: Inclusive eduation for Cambodian children who are deaf or blind Cambodia

Carleton University, School of Linguistics and Language Studies: Sign language curriculum for parents Canada

GAATES: Supporting architects and urban planners to understand accessibility Canada

Aspa Foundation: Opening the door to the labour market Finland

University of Turku: Anti-bullying programme for schools going international Finland

Fondation des Amis de l'Atelier: E-Learning for teachers, caregivers, and families France

University of Dortmund: Moving step-by-step towards an inclusive university Germany

PIKSL Laboratories: Persons with learning difculties working as IT-trainers Germany

PIKSL Laboratoris & Antonia Eggeling Design: Museum experiences for persons with learning difculties Germany

Verbavoice GmbH: Remote speech-to-text and sign language interpretation Germany

GNW Ldt: English skills for persons with learning difculties Hungary

ICEVI: Campaign to educate visually impaired children is going global India

Samarthyam, National Centre for Accessible Environments: India Guidelines and toolkits to promote fully accessible schools

IDIA Charitable Trust: Increasing diversity by increasing access to legal education India

Youth4Jobs Foundation: Vocational training leading directly to jobs India

Sound Advice: Creating a more accessible world for deaf children Ireland

User1st: Accessible websites created automatically Israel

Access Israel: Teaching sign language to everyone in an entertaining way Israel

Centro Leonardo Education: Using iPads to create multiple information channels Italy

VEASYT: Video-interpreting service for sign language and foreign languages Italy

Instituto Comprensivo via dei Boschi: Music as a tool for students with autism Italy

Instituto Tecnico Economico di Porto Viro: Simulating a supermarket as a learning environment Italy

Innovative Practices 187 ALL INNOVATIVE PRACTICES 2013–2016

86 Innovative Practices 2016 – Education Country

HCD: Video emergency line for persons with hearing-impairments Jordan

Save the Children International: Creating inclusive pre-school institutions Kosovo

APEMH: Training carers, family members, and staf via a web platform Luxembourg

Open the Windows: Assistive technologies and teacher training in mainstream schools Macedonia and Serbia

Universidad Tecnológica Santa Catarina: How to teach students with and without disabilities equally Mexico

ADRAD: Accessible books for vision-impaired students Nepal

Dutch Association for Disabled Children: Using courts and litigation for the right to inclusive education Netherlands

ASOPIECAD: Creating communities for early childhood interventions Nicaragua

Oslo and Akershus University: Adding universal design in ICT student curricula Norway

doctHERs: Quality health care and councelling through video technology Pakistan

Initiative for Refugees living with Disability: Education for refugee children with disabilities Rwanda

Light for the world: Inclusive vocational training and work-places for youth with disabilities Netherlands

"Milan Petrovic" School: An e-learning platform for audio and video learning materials Serbia

The Living Link: Finding employment by profound training South Africa

ADJ Electronics: Improving speech by visualizing it South Africa

Uhambo Foundation: Stimulation kit and training for caregivers South Africa

ONCE: Teaching blind students in regular school classes Spain

Ciencia sin Barreras: Breaking down barriers to scientifc knowledge Spain

Fundacion ONCE: Learning to manage ones own personal fnances Spain

Irisbond: Controlling the computer with eye movements Spain

Swedish Agency for Participation: Using technology in the classroom to support all students Sweden

Tanzania League of the Blind: Using computers to support blind learners Tanzania

ADD International: Creating a role model for Tanzania's inclusive Education policy Tanzania

Special Olympics: Social inclusion through Special Olympics Unifed Sports Recreation Turkey

USDC: Training teachers to keep children with disabilities in school Uganda

World of Inclusion: Preventing bullying in English schools United Kingdom

Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education: Reducing prejudice-based bullying United Kingdom

RLSB: Empowering vision impaired people to travel independently United Kingdom

Handicap International: Itinerant teachers deliver inclusive education in Togo United Kingdom

Barclays Bank: Video sign language interpretation for bank customers United Kingdom

Canadian Centre on Disability Studies: From hidden children to inclusive education Ukraine

Special Olympics Arizona: Creating school communities of acceptance, inclusion and respect United States

Annex 188 ALL INNOVATIVE PRACTICES 2013–2016

86 Innovative Practices 2016 – Education Country

Burton Blatt Institute: A curriculum for advancing the UN CRPD in six languages United States

AMAC: One accessible textbook platform for all universities United States

TASH: Analysing the whole policy framework to identify barriers towards inclusion United States

Trust for the Americas: A million-user online platform strengthening Latin American DPOs United States

Nhat Hong Center: Low-cost technology for young people with vision impairment Vietnam

Medical Committee Nehterlands-Vietnam: Transforming special schools into support centres Vietnam

Leonard Cheshire Zimbabwe Trust: Inclusive school systems Zimbabwe

Jairos Jiri Association: Integrating inclusive education in local communities Zimbabwe

Innovative Practices 189 All 49 Innovative Policies 2013–2016

11 Innovative Policies 2013 – Employment Country

Australian Goverment, adminstered by the Work Focus Group: Job Access Programm Australia

Bundesministerium für Arbeit, Soziales und Konsumentenschutz: Right to an inclusive apprenticeship Austria

Landesregierung Oberösterreich, Abteilung Soziales: The Social Professions Act Austria

Government of Newfoundland and Labrador: Supported Employment Programme Canada

Ministry of Children and Education/Municipalities: Denmark The Act on Secondary Education for Young People with Special Needs

Social Security Organisation (SOCSO): Return succesfully to work Malaysia

Ministry of Social Development: The Disabled Persons Employment Promotion Repeal Act New Zealand

Ministry of Employment & Social Security: Royal Decree 870/2007 on Rules For Supported Employment Spain

Swedish Labour Committee: The Employment Protection Act No. 80 Sweden

Department of Health/NHS: Individual Placement and Support United Kingdom

Department for Work and Pensions/Ofce for Disability Issues: The Access to Work Programme United Kingdom

15 Innovative Policies 2014 – Accessibility Country

Australia: Development Aid as an enabler for accessibility Australia

Hong Kong City, Labour and Welfare Bureau: Retrofngs Program 2010 China (Hong Kong)

Ministry of Information and Communication Technology: Internet Access for disadvantaged Colombians Colombia

Stadt Berlin, Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt: Mandatory Barrier-free Construc- Germany tion in Berlin

Community Based Rehabilitation/Development and Training Center Solo City: Access to Transport Indonesia that can be enforced

Centre for Excellence in Universal Design: Accessible Services for Energy Customers Ireland

Shizuoka University of Art and Culture: Cheaper mortgages for accessible homes Japan

Kuala Lumpur: Monitoring and Enforcing Accessibility Malaysia

Stop Diskrimineeringen: Universal Design in Non-Discrimination Law Norway

Comprehensive eAccessibility Policy Qatar

Cape Town’s Inclusive Design of the Bus System South Africa

Fundacion ONCE: Public-Private Partnership for Accessibility Spain

National Action on Physical Disability: Mandatory Accessibility Standards Uganda

London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games 2012 United Kingdom

Annex 190 11 Innovative Policies 2015 – Independent Living and Political Participation Country

Selbstbestimmt Leben Oberösterreich: Peer-counselling as a peer-approved profession Austria

Vlaams Agentschap voor Personen met een Handicap: Flanders Personal Assistance Budget Belgium

Tokyo Bar Association: Enfranchising people under guardianship Japan

Info-Handicap Luxembourg – Conseil National des Personnes Handicapees asbl.: Funding a national Luxembourg disability information centre

Electoral Commission of New Zealand: Improving access to electoral events New Zealand

Parliament of the Republic of South Africa: Ensuring equal access for Members of Parliament South Africa

Ministerio del Interio, Department on Electoral Cooperation: Voting & Participating in the electoral process Spain

Independent Living Institute: The Right to a Personal Assistance Budget Sweden

PO-Skåne: Personal Ombudsman Sweden

National Union of Disabled Persons of Uganda: Electoral quota for persons with disabilities Uganda

Her Majesty’s Government: Funding for running for an elected ofce United Kingdom

12 Innovative Policies 2016 – Education and ICT Country

Ministry of Education: Brazil’s Billion Dollar Plan for Inclusive Education Brazil

Ministry of Education and Early Childhood Development New Brunswick: Forbidding segregated Canada education

Boasting the employability for Costa Ricans with Disabilities Costa Rica

Ministry of Education, Higher Education Department/Tallinn University of Technology: Access to Estonia Higher Education

Ghana Education Service/Special Education Division: Inclusive Education roled out in the whole Ghana country

Mandatory Minimum Standards for Education in Emergencies International Treaty

Inclusive Education Post-War instability Iraq

Centre for Excellence in Universal Design: Universal Design in Irish Tourism Services as a Business Case Ireland

Ministry of Education/Forum Italiano sulla Disabilita: Non-segration policy towards students Italy

UNICEF Montenegro: Changing exclusionary behavioral patterns through advocacy. Montenegro

Department of Health and Human Services: Promoting school readiness and a head-start for all United States

United States AccessBoard/European Union: Transatlantic eAccessibility Standards Cooperation USA/EU

Innovative Policies 191 What is most important in this book

Easy to read and understand How the Zero Project started: the Essl family and the Essl Foundation

The Essl family from Austria is working on changes in our society for many years. The Essl family was the owner of a big chain of building supplies stores. So they wanted to use their capacities to make the world a better place. The Essl family cares about all people in need and especially about persons with disabilities. So Martin and Gerda Essl and their children founded the “Essl Foundation.” This is what the Essl Foundation basically does: The Essl Foundation supports people in need. The Essl Foundation promotes in public the necessity of helping those in need. The Essl Foundation provides the individuals concerned with appropriate training. The Essl Foundation works scientifcally and supports research. Today, the Zero Project is perhaps the most important project of the Essl Foundation.

What is the Zero Project?

The Zero Project wants to help create a world with zero barriers. It was founded in 2009. Today, the Zero Project fnds and shares practises and policies that improve the daily lives of all persons with disabilities all over the world. The Zero Projects also deals with the legal rights of all persons with disabilities. The Zero Project checks also how the requirements of the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (UN CRPD) are conformed to in

Easy Language 193 diferent countries. They compare the diferent national situations in order to see where the implementation of the Rights of People with disabilities really works – or where it still needs to be implemented. With the help of the Zero Project the most innovative and efective solutions to problems of persons with disabilities are shared and promoted. About 3,000 experts and organizations work in the global network of the Zero Project. All these people, coming from diferent countries, organizations, and job areas, work for social innovations. They work to reduce barriers for persons with disabilities. Martin Essl, head of the Essl family, says: “Essentially, it is the Dignity of Man that lies at the heart of all our eforts. We work for a world where everybody is valued equally and can develop his or her special talents. We work for a world where all individuals with their diversity are important to our society. I am well aware that this sounds like pure wishful thinking – but I can’t help it, it is my greatest dream.”

Zero Project Almanac 194 The Zero Project Conferences

Every year, the Zero Project organizes a big conference in Vienna, where the best ideas and projects are presented and promoted. Since 2015, there are also 9 regional Zero Project Conferences in the capitals of the Austrian Federal States. In its frst four years, the Zero Project has researched and published 269 Innovative Practices and Policies. These examples show how to improve the situation for people with disabilities in key areas as employment, accessibility, independent living and education.

This Book

This book is called “Almanac.” The Almanac ofers an overview of the Zero Project’s activities over the past four years. The focus of this Almanac is 269 ideas, practices and policies that help improve the daily living of persons with disabilities. This Almanac wants to show why these ideas are important for improving our society. This Almanac also wants to show that things can really be changed with the right practise or policy. This is because all the people who work for the Zero Project believe: It is not enough to complain. It’s also not enough to have a good idea. What you really need are people who see an idea and put the idea into efect. The name of these people working for a sustainable and practical social improvement is “Social Entrepreneurs.” This book is about the things Social Entrepreneurs do. The book wants to honor the work of Social Entrepreneurs. In this book, 7 examples for good ideas and activities are highlighted and described in detail.

Easy Language 195 Employment: Specialisterne, Denmark

Autistic people risk being bullied or being dropouts or being rejected by labour markets,” says Thorkil Sonne, founder of “Specialisterne.” Thorkil has an autistic son, so he knows the issue very well. “Many autistic people are very intelligent and could be wonderful employees. But they don’t ft in the settings of the labour market and the work places.” So Thorkil’s idea was change: to change the settings in the labour market and to change the way people work in order to remove barriers autistic people face in employment. Thorkil founded a company named “Specialisterne.” Specialisterne means “The Specialists” in Danish. The idea behind Specialisterne was simple and clever: to train autistic people to do high-level work in the feld of IT. In many ways, it is a natural ft. Many (but not all) individuals with autism have a knack for detail and an excellent memory. They can master highly repetitive tasks over long periods of time and are able to analyse complicated patterns in data, information, and imagery. These are all highly desirable skills in IT. Specialisterne concentrates on training and educational programmes for persons with autism. But what is more, Specialisterne helps train and educate the companies themselves. The companies have to learn about their new employees’ behaviour, which can be diferent and unfamiliar. “It’s a two way street,” Thorkil says. “These companies have to learn about autism. So we can create comfort zones” for their new employees. Specialisterne has built relationships with major international technology companies such as HP, Microsoft, Cisco, and SAP. Today, Specialisterne operates in 15 countries. The company currently employs 100 autistic people in 8 countries across 4 continents.

Zero Project Almanac 196 Employment: Discovering Hands, Germany

In Germany, Dr. Frank Hofmann, a gynaecologist form Duisburg, researched in better detection of breast cancer. Mammographies were among the most important tools he possessed in fghting breast cancer, especially regarding early detection. But insurances only paid for the mammographies for women older than 50. And Dr. Hofmann thought that there should be an easy and comparatively cost-saving way for early breast cancer detection for younger women. His idea was: Visually impaired and blind people could do the delicate job. This approach makes a lot of sense: scientifc studies show that individuals with visual impairments often possess strong tactile awareness. They are actually more adept at certain tasks than those with unimpaired vision. So in 2011 Dr. Hofmann started the project “Discovering hands,” employing blind people as “Medical Tactile Examiners” (MTEs). There were no examples for employing blind people working as medical diagnostics. So Dr. Hofmann and his team had to fnd out everything by themselves. With the fnancial help of a German governmental organization they created a training programme for the frst group of MTEs. As part of the subsidy, Hofman and Discovering Hands were asked to make a study showing how well MTEs could locate tumors compared to medical doctors. The results were astounding. According to Dr. Hofmann, MTEs can fnd tumors as miniscule as 6-8 millimetres in size. On the other hand, the smallest tumors most doctors can identify are 1-2 centimetres in size. “This is really meaningful,” says Dr. Hofmann. “Finding the smaller lumps means you can save lives, because if the lymph nodes are not afected, you can heal over 90 per cent of the patients.” Discovering Hands is growing rapidly. Currently, there are about 13 full-time MTEs working in Germany and Austria. MTEs have already done 8,000 breast examinations in 17 gynaecologists’ ofces. And 8 of Germany’s largest healthcare funds have agreed to cover tests conducted by MTEs.

Easy Language 197 Accessibility: Australia

Worldwide, there are many people with a disability that are poor, and many poor people are people with a disability. Fortunately, wealthier states are tackling the relationship between disability and poverty head-on. Here, Australia has been one of the world’s leading countries. Australia has developed a strategy named “Disability-Inclusive Development”. With this strategy, Australia has tried to make life easier for persons with disabilities. And Australia makes sure that people with disabilities are part of the aid-giving process. Mika Kontiainen is the director of the Disability Development Policy and Education Branch. In Australia, the inclusion of persons with disabilities is connected to human rights, he says. Australia has been leading in disability-inclusive development for years. In fact, the country was one of the UN Member States that was very active in establishing the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). So when the CRPD was ready, Australia started its aid programme at the same time, Kontiainen recalls. “We still have a very strong domestic focus on disability inclusion. That ftted perfectly together with the strong will to fulfl the obligations of the CRPD.” After helping develop the CRPD, the Australian Government established a strategy called “Development for All,” which was announced in 2008. Australian policy makers also began to phrase an approach known as “Nothing About Us, Without Us.” This claim means that Australia’s foreign aid now focuses on assisting and empowering individuals with disabilities. And that it would empower these individuals to help identify the greatest needs in their own communities. Still, Kontiainen knows that there is much work ahead. And he knows that change takes time. But he is very optimistic: “We’ve got a long way to go,” he admits, “but we are heading very much in the right direction.” And thanks to Australia’s innovative aid programmes, the same can be said for individuals with disabilities all over the Indo-Pacifc region.

Zero Project Almanac 198 Accessibility: Mitte Altona, Germany

In 2012, a large railway yard became available for residential and commercial building in Hamburg. Hamburg is Germany’ second biggest city. Usually, when such things happen, a number of shopping malls and luxury apartments are raised. But not in Hamburg. The residents decided to design Germany’s frst truly inclusive quarter. The goal is not only to create a quarter but to build it accessibly and also to organize it in an inclusive way. Agathe Bogacz is the Project Manager of the Q8 Initiative, which coordinates this “One Quarter for All” programme. She organized a citywide forum attended by over 300 people, in order to help think the future features for Mitte Altona. Citizens as well as representatives of universities, foundations and civil society groups were part of this brainstorming process. When construction is fnished, Mitte Altona will contain 3,500 apartments spread over 29 hectares. There are a variety of diferent kinds of buildings; some are mixed-use, while others are residential-only. And the residents too will be very mixed: there will be rich people and people with less money, people with disabilities together with people without disabilities, young and old, from all religious walks of life, all coming from diferent places of the world: refugees as well as native Hamburg citizens. For the new quarter, they even develop so-called building societies. The idea behind the building societies is giving and taking: One gets help but has got to help the others as well. Also, there will be a lot of work spaces for people with disabilities. By the end of 2017, Mitte Altona will take an important step: its frst full-time residents will be moving in. Already, there is great interest from other countries. For example, people from Japan just visited the building sites and asked how to build an inclusive quarter. So perhaps in the future there will be a lot more inclusive quarters worldwide?

Easy Language 199 Independent Living: Personal Ombudsman (Sweden)

Close companionship could help others who were struggling with psychosocial disorders. This basic idea was the beginning of the development of the Personal Ombudsman (PO) movement. In 1995 a small PO project started, supported by the Swedish government. The results were very positive. So in 2000, the government decided to implement the project for the whole country. Maths Jesperson has been in the centre of this movement for over twenty years. He explains: “Those who are struggling with mental health difculties need a person – one person – who is very close to them and who is 100 per cent on their side. Not ninety-eight per cent. Not ninety-nine per cent. One hundred per cent!” Jesperson knows what he is talking about, because he has experiences on both sides: as someone in need of advice and assistance, and as a trusted counsellor. Most importantly, a PO cannot do anything unless the client clearly requests it, even if the PO thinks it would be to the client’s beneft. Diferent people need very diferent things. Some need help with family, friends, or jobs – even in just having a pet. But no matter what POs do, says Jesperson, the fundamental premise is that “their clients trust them.” The formal name for this method is “supported decision-making.” According to Jesperson, supported decision-making means “you don’t take the decision-making away from the person you’re working with. It remains there. But this person still may need help to express what they want and to communicate it to others.” The PO system has another beneft: it is a major money-saver. Complex calculations show that over a fve-year span the POs lower the healthcare costs per person by roughly € 80,000. Currently, there are over 300 POs in Sweden. They work with over 6,000 individuals throughout the country. Nearly 85 per cent of all Swedish municipalities employ POs to assist individuals with psychosocial disabilities. By any measure, the programme has been an astounding success.

Zero Project Almanac 200 Independent Living: Personal Assistance Budget (PAB), Sweden

In Sweden, there are a number of innovative disability-related practices. Among these, the Personal Assistance Budget (PAB) programme stands out for its thoughtfulness, scope, and success. The PAB means that disabled people are provided with a monthly amount of money. With this money they can determine the administration and management of their own care. The PAB allows individuals to determine how they can create their own lives that are socially integrated and personally and professionally fulflling. The National Social Insurance System transfers money directly to disabled individuals. Thus, persons with disabilities are able to contract out their care to private or public providers, depending on their preferences. Depending on an individual’s needs, the PAB can cover expenses for full-time care, even twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. And sometimes even for more than one personal assistant per individual. The PAB is a part of the “Independent Living” movement. The centre of this movement is the European Network of Independent Living (ENIL), based in Sweden. “It is a human right to have the opportunity to make real choices regarding where to live, with whom to live and how to live.” Or, as Executive Director of ENIL, Jamie Bolling, puts it: “It means just living an ordinary life.” The PAB programme has changed the lives of tens of thousands of disabled Swedes and their families, partners, and friends. Jamie Bolling hopes the government continues to invest in PAB programmes. This would mean that the PAB programmes could ofer great empowerment to individuals with disabilities.

Easy Language 201 Education: LUMOS (Great Britain)

J. K. Rowling is the renowned author of the Harry Potter novels. One day, she read a newspaper story about orphanages. She learned that the conditions in orphanages across Europe were bad. She learned also that the children in the orphanages sufered from just being there. That was the moment when the British author decided to make a change in the orphanage system worldwide. In 2010, Rowling founded LUMOS, named after a magic spell from the Potter series that produces light. LUMOS is an international charity organization that cares about the so-called orphanage system. The name “orphanage” is not really correct, because most of the children living in an orphanage are not orphans. Actually, they have parents. But the parents are so poor that they cannot aford to raise a child. So the main reason why children are put in orphanages is poverty. The other main reason is disability. In many countries, parents are told that in orphanages a child with a handicap is taken care of – much better than at home. But this is not true. As many statistics show, there are much higher risks for institutionalized children to become criminal, become prostitutes, or even to commit suicide. “Placing children into orphanages is a choice and not a necessity,” says Rowling. “It is preventable and reversible.” Nolan Quigley, LUMOS Advocacy and Campaigns Manager, says: “We work all the way from the child up to the international organization. And that’s absolutely important, because the child has to be central to the process. To create a system that works, you have to understand the needs of each child. That’s the problem with institutional systems – there’re not individual. The goal of LUMOS is to eliminate the large-scale institutionalization of children by 2050. As Rowling says, it is “an entirely solvable issue.”

Zero Project Almanac 202 Education: Light for the World

Light for the World has changed the lives of over 10 million people – and it’s just getting started. The organization was founded in 1988. Today, it works in 15 countries. They work on a variety of issues related to health, disability, and education. Rupert Roninger, Managing Director of Light for the World, says: “We have two areas of focus. One is around eye health. The other is around inclusion and Inclusive Education – the rights of person with disabilities.” Light for the World has spared over 600,000 people from becoming blind – among many other life–changing interventions. Light for the World develops educational and community empowerment programmes for individuals with disabilities. It works with families, communities, local administrators, national governments as well as international organizations. Light for the World wants to promote policies linked to social inclusion. Light for the World brings together interested parties from all the relevant sectors – to help solve difcult social problems. Today, Light for the World has 21 Inclusive Education programmes in diferent countries all over the world, for example in Mozambique, Burkina Faso, South Sudan, Ethiopia, India, and Bolivia. Light for the World wants to help disabled children attend school. And they want to prepare the educational system for the integration of these children. The goal is that all children can receive an education – children with disabilities together with non–disabled children. The name of this initiative is “One Class for All.”

Easy Language 203 For a world without barriers.

Zero Project worldmap of innovations

Number of Innovative Practices and Innovative Policies in total, 2013–2016

1 1 1 1 2

5 Number of Innovative Practices and 1 Innovative Policies 2013–2016 per country

Countries that have ratifed UN CRPD

Countries that have NOT ratifed UN CRPD (another 12 countries, among them the United States and Ireland, have signed the UN CRPD but not ratifed it) 8

23 4 4 28 2 5 11 5 83 2 2 13 7 6 1 1 2 23 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 4 1 1 2 1 7 1 3 2

1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2

2 9 8

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