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Case Study Contents Case Study Contents 1. Case Study Outlook 2. Case Studies 1) Germany 2) France 3) Korea 4) Japan 3. Summary 1 TOD Development Case Study Out Look 2 Process of Urban Development Project Step of TOD Tools / Measures Making Master Plan for TOD • Checking Upper Level Plan Planning • Meeting with Stakeholders (Zoning, Infrastructure, Transport etc.) • Financial Plan, Budget Making Prepare the Land • Land Acquisition • Land Readjustment (Land consolidation, readjustment etc.) • Concession/ Long-term Lease Infrastructure Development+ • Government Investment Impleme • Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Feeder Transport System • Private Investment ntation • Private Investment Property development • Incentives (if any) • Asset Management Corporation Area Management • Area Management Association 3 Factors for Successful Implementation of TOD Asia/US Type Europe Type Factors that affect TOD success 1. Special development areas and master plans 2. Basic city planning measures 3.Financial incentives 4. Management organizations 4 Financial Incentive for TOD Implementation Financial incentives from case studies (in Japan and America) Contribution for Infrastructure Subsidy Fund from Central Government Study for TOD Project For Local Government Income Tax Tax Measures Land Tax Fees for Opening a Business For Developers Loan Mezzanine Financing For Developers 5 Case Studies 6 Typology and Features Type Country Special Features in General Asia/US Europe Japan ✓ Strategical development of new railway line and urban development. Hong Kong ✓ Urban development is planned to encourage the demand for railway use, as well as to provide convenient urban service to the railway South Korea passengers. U.S. ✓ Cities have been historically developed already. U.K. ✓ Inter-city HSR or express railway is developed to strength connectivity between city and city. France ✓ The term of TOD is not really common in Europe, but compact and human friendly inner-city Germany transport such as tram, bike and walking are encouraged in urban planning and urban design. 7 Historical Background 19th century 20th century 21st century 2000 2010 2020 • Well planed city • Needs for urban renovation to • Terminal station + feeder Motorization solve socio-economic problems • Wide street etc. • Promote public transportation, multi modal shift • Learning Urban Planning • Reorganize Needs for urban renovation to land from Germany and France.WWII update the urban center, to • Installation of tram in • Urban Railway development solve socio-economic problem Tokyo Start from Zero Motorization Urban Railway in BKK (BTS, MRT) Highway & Road network Rail Railway (Inter-city) expansion Canal Waterway 8 Germany Simple & Functional Key Words • Federation System • Historical Background as City-State • Functional plan and design in urban area 9 Germany ◼ Key Organization Central Local Law & Regulation Spatial Development Plan, District Plan Financing for Public Investment Government Government Implementing Agency (Not Specified) Urban Development Deutsche Bahn Private Sector Station Renovation etc. Property Developer Other Service provider Railway Operator Urban Development 10 Germany Mixed-use area between Residence and Business 11 Germany Residence, Office, Business, Park, Post and Bank Pedestrian and Bicycle way along tram lane Tram Lane Bike Lane Pedestrian way 12 Germany Pedestrian way from Train Station to City Center, surrounded with Business, Office and Residence Note: • The planning of the urban area usage in Europe and Germany was implemented even before the railway development. • German Cities are usually compact and has mixed-use area . Each area is well connected and coordinated with other areas by public transportation (Bus, Tram, Rapid transit). • Principally, the concept of TOD may be originally and naturally contained in every public transportation project in Germany. • The role of public transportation is to connect area that was well planned together, but not to create a new urban development . 13 Germany 1. Hamburg-Altona Station in 1971. Buses, trams, trains and S-Bahn trains all met here. 14 Germany Hamburg-Altona Station in present - future • A new HSR station and regional-local transportation hub. (by government, city and national railway) • Mixed use area: Residence, Business, Stadium, Music Hall, Park, and Education facility. 15 Germany 2. Leipzig Hauptbahnhof Station frontage (station plaza) in 1965. Buses, trams, trains and S-Bahn trains all met here. 16 Germany Leipzig Hauptbahnhof Station at present. Mixed use Buses, trams, trains and S-Bahn trains all met here. Development surrounding the station is mixed use, but not dramatically changed from 1965. 17 Germany Concourse of Leipzig Hauptbahnhof Station at the present. It is much more commercialized compared to old concourse in 1965. 18 Germany 3. München Hauptbahnhof Station frontage (station plaza) in 1900. It already had the transition area for trams, cars. 19 Germany München Hauptbahnhof Station at the present. It is a big terminal station having many railway line, subway and tram. 20 Germany Subway (right) and tram (below) connected to München Hauptbahnhof Station. 21 France Decentralization & Public Involvement Key Words • Urban renovation • Designation on important area by Central Gov. • Implementation by Local Gov. and EPA 22 France ◼ Key Organization Central Local Law & Regulation District Plan, Master Plan, EPA Administration (Vision, District Plan etc.) Financing for Public Financing for Public Investment Investment Government Government EPA (for each project) Implementing Agency (under the government) (established for each project) Urban Development SNCF Station Renovation etc. Private Sector Property Developer Railway Operator Other Service provider Having 100% own consulting firm (AREP) For research, architect, and engineering Urban Development for urban development 23 France Gare d'Austerlitz (station) , one of the terminal station in Paris 24 France Library and Office Buildings around Gare d'Austerlitz (station) 25 France City of Marseille, view from Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles (station) Note: • The term of TOD is NOT generally used for urban redevelopment and renovation, even they contain public-transport focused traffic network, seamless linkage between pedestrian ways, tram and railways, and eco-friendly transportation mode. • Instead, multimodal transport system has been developed in many French cities. • Urban renovation and redevelopment projects have been planned and implemented in French cities since 1980s for following purpose. (i) solution of serious traffic jam caused by motor vehicles (ii) recover and revitalize the deteriorated city center. 26 France 1. Bordeaux – St. Jean Station frontage (station plaza) in 1900s’. It already had the transition area for trams, cars. 27 France Bordeaux – St. Jean Station : Original station building is the north side of the railway. New station building was built during 2014-2017, to align with the opening of LGV opening in 2017. 28 France Bordeaux – St. Jean Station : Original station at present. (North) 29 France Bordeaux – St. Jean Station : New LGV station at present. (South) 30 France Urban Renovation Project around Bordeaux – St. Jean Station. OIN (National Important Operation) project Project Name : Euratlantique – Bordeaux It is planned to create, by 2030, a business center with international influence and new areas. 31 France 2. Marseiiles-St. Charles /Gèze metro Station 32 France Marseiiles-St. Charles /Gèze metro Station: Promotion of the metropolitan renovation 33 France Marseiiles-St. Charles /Gèze metro Station : Project area of urban renovation Gèze metro designated as OIN (National Important Operation) project Project Name : Euroméditérranée Euroméditérranée is committed to make Marseille the sutainable Mediterranean city of future in following five objectives: 1. Responsible redevelopment/ improvement 2. Re-found environmental quality 3. Connected metropole 4. Citizen’s approach 5. Ambition as a metropolitan Project area : 480 ha: Project period: 1995 - 2030 Marseiiles- • Governed by the State and the regions; EPA St. Charles Euro-méditérranée is responsible for implementation. • The first phase is 1995-2015 34 France 3. Strasbourg Station with traffic circle and tram stop at station plaza 35 France Renovated Strasbourg Station to make new and old façades being compatible. With bike parking area. 36 France Tram in Strasbourg City. Strasbourg Station is the hub stop for tram and city bus. 37 France Tram system and the promotion of parking ride to realize compact city. 38 South Korea TOD is new challenge Key Words • Car-oriented society • Act on Developing and Using Station's Sphere 39 South Korea ◼ Key Organization Central Local Law & Regulation Master Plan, Financing for Public Investment Government Government Implementing Agency (Not Specified) Urban Development K Rail Private Sector Station Development etc. Property Developer Other Service provider Railway Operator Urban Development 40 Korea South Korea is basically car-oriented society, therefore the development around a train station has NOT been a major issue in urban development. Seoul Station KTX Seoul Bus 41 Korea However, after the opening of KTX in 2004, TOD is getting more attention in the contexts of balancing development demand-supply, urban renaissance, branding of local administration, business/company attraction. KTX 42 Korea • Gwangmyeong Station : Development Plan with: High rise Residence, Regional branch of big company Government related public facilities Commercial
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