Convention on the Rights of the Child
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Children Born of War
Children Born of War 1) General Becirbasic, Belma and Dzenana Secic, 2002, ‘Invisible Casualties of War’, Star Magazine, Sarajevo, BCR No. 383S Carpenter, R. Charli (ed.),Born of War. Protecting Children of Sexual Violence Survivors in Conflict Zones (Bloomfield: Kumarian Press, 2007) Carpenter, Charli R., ‘International Agenda-Setting in World Politics: Issue Emergence and Non-Emergence Around Children and Armed Conflict’, (2005) [http://www.du.edu/gsis/hrhw/working/2005/30-carpenter-2005.pdf] D.Costa, Bina, War Babies: The Question of National Honour in the Gendered Construction of Nationalism: From Partition to Creation (unpublished PhD thesis, Australian National University, 2003) [http://www.drishtipat.org/1971/docs/warbabies_bina.pdf] Ismail, Zahra, Emerging from the Shadows. Finding a Place for Children Born of War (unpublished M.A. Thesis, European University Centre for Peace Studies, Austria, 2008) McKinley, James C. jr., ‘Legacy of Rwanda Violence: The Thousands Born of Rape’, New York Times, 25 September 1996 Mochmann, Ingvill C. 2017. Children Born of War – A Decade of International and Interdisciplinary Research. Historical Social Research 42 (1): 320-346. doi: 10.12759/hsr.42.2017.1.320-346. Parsons M. (ed), Children. The Invisible Victims of War (DSM, 2008) Voicu, Bogdan und Ingvill C. Mochmann, 2014: Social Trust and Children Born of War. Social Change Review 12(2): 185-212 Westerlund, Lars (ed.), Children of German Soldiers: Children of Foreign Soldiers in Finland 1940—1948 , vol. 1 (Helsinki: Painopaikka Nord Print, 2011) Westerlund, Lars (ed.), The Children of Foreign Soldiers in Finland, Norway, Denmark, Austria, Poland and Occupied Soviet Karelia. Children of Foreign Soldiers in Finland 1940– 1948 vol. -
The Psychological Impact of Child Soldiering
Chapter 14 The Psychological Impact of Child Soldiering Elisabeth Schauer and Thomas Elbert Abstract With almost 80% of the fighting forces composed of child soldiers, this is one characterization of the ‘new wars,’ which constitute the dominant form of violent conflict that has emerged only over the last few decades. The development of light weapons, such as automatic guns suitable for children, was an obvious pre- requisite for the involvement of children in modern conflicts that typically involve irregular forces, that target mostly civilians, and that are justified by identities, although the economic interests of foreign countries and exiled communities are usually the driving force. Motivations for child recruitment include children’s limited ability to assess risks, feelings of invulnerability, and shortsightedness. Child soldiers are more often killed or injured than adult soldiers on the front line. They are less costly for the respective group or organization than adult recruits, because they receive fewer resources, including less and smaller weapons and equipment. From a different per- spective, becoming a fighter may seem an attractive possibility for children and adolescents who are facing poverty, starvation, unemployment, and ethnic or polit- ical persecution. In our interviews, former child soldiers and commanders alike reported that children are more malleable and adaptable. Thus, they are easier to indoctrinate, as their moral development is not yet completed and they tend to listen to authorities without questioning them. Child soldiers are raised in an environment of severe violence, experience it, and subsequently often commit cruelties and atrocities of the worst kind. This repeated exposure to chronic and traumatic stress during development leaves the children with mental and related physical ill-health, notably PTSD and severe personality E. -
Jewish Communities in the Political and Legal Systems of Post-Yugoslav Countries
TRAMES, 2017, 21(71/66), 3, 251–271 JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS OF POST-YUGOSLAV COUNTRIES Boris Vukićević University of Montenegro Abstract. After the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Jewish community within Yugoslavia was also split up, and now various Jewish communities exist in the seven post-Yugoslav countries. Although all of these communities are relatively small, their size, influence, and activity vary. The political and legal status of Jewish communities, normatively speaking, differs across the former Yugoslav republics. Sometimes Jews or Jewish communities are mentioned in constitutions, signed agreements with governments, or are recognized in laws that regulate religious communities. Despite normative differences, they share most of the same problems – a slow process of return of property, diminishing numbers due to emigra- tion and assimilation, and, although on a much lower scale than in many other countries, creeping anti-Semitism. They also share the same opportunities – a push for more minority rights as part of ‘Europeanization’ and the perception of Jewish communities as a link to influential investors and politicians from the Jewish diaspora and Israel. Keywords: Jewish communities, minority rights, post-communism, former Yugoslavia DOI: https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2017.3.04 1. Introduction In 1948, the first postwar census in Yugoslavia counted 6,538 people of Jewish nationality, although many Jews identified as other nationalities (e.g. Croat, Serb) in the census while identifying religiously as Jewish, as seen by the fact that Jewish municipalities (or communities) across Yugoslavia had 11,934 members (Boeckh 2006:427). The number of Jews in Yugoslavia decreased in the following years after the foundation of the State of Israel. -
Annual Report 2017
Annual Report 2017 Mission Vision War Child’s mission is to work with war-affected War Child’s vision is for a world communities to help children reclaim their childhood where no child knows war. through access to education, opportunity and justice. War Child takes an active role in raising public awareness around the impact of war on communities and the shared responsibility to act. War Child Canada Board of Directors Michael Eizenga (Chair) Denise Donlon Nils Engelstad Omar Khan Jeffrey Orridge Elliot Pobjoy All photographs © War Child Canada Cover illustration by Eric Hanson © Eric Hanson Beneficiary names have been changed for their own protection. Letter from the Founder and Chair Dear Friends, To listen to some commentators talk about human rights, you would think that they represent the most restrictive system of regulations, designed to threaten the sovereignty of democratically elected governments. But take a look at the Universal Declaration and the Convention on the Rights of the Child and it is hard to see where the controversy lies. The right to life, liberty and security. The right to freedom from slavery or torture. The right to free expression. The right to an education. The right to be protected from harm. These are not onerous obligations on government but rather the basic protections one should expect, particularly for children, from a functioning state. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is War Child Canada’s guiding document. As you will read in this report, everything we do is in support of the rights enshrined within it. While the Convention is directed at governments, the responsibilities it describes can be equally applied to non-government organizations, community leaders and ordinary citizens. -
Title: the Possible Models of Creative Therapies for the Child Victims of War
Asia Pacific Education Review Copyright 2006 by Education Research Institute 2006, Vol. 7, No. 2, 229-235. The possible models of creative therapies for the child victims of war and armed conflicts Tabatabai Minou Payam noor University Iran After war and armed conflicts, the child victims of these events need protection and reintegration. In reality, the physical and psychic consequences of wars on children persist for some time after the war. In this regard, we must prepare the reintegration of these children into society. To reintegrate these children, we must think of both a general course of rehabilitation followed by special rehabilitation according to the child’s needs. In this respect, initially, we must initiate psychosocial help to restore the psychological and social development of children and to mitigate the harmful effects of wars. We noted that the content of psychosocial assistance for the child victims of war depends primarily on their particular needs and cultures and their traditions. General rehabilitation must thus rest on the capacity of the children to overcome the difficult conditions in the aftermath of wars. In this regard, the communities, the families, the schools, the teachers and the children themselves must take part in the process of curing these children and their support. Here, we can use certain possible models of creative therapy. For example, the cultural media such as arts of interpretation and arts visual as well as the accounts of the children themselves, the creative word can decrease the psychological problems of the child victims of war and facilitate their rehabilitation in the community. -
The Silk Road
The Silk Road Volume 1 Number 1 January 15, 2003 第1卷 第1號 “The Bridge between Eastern and Western Cultures” 一月十五日 In This Issue • WELCOME TO THE FIRST ISSUE WELCOME TO THE FIRST ISSUE! • [email protected]: A YE- Since the Soviet collapse, the nations of Central One reason for our distorted image of Central MENI TRADING LINK THREE THOUSAND Asia have shaken off imposed obscurity to make Asia has been the diffi culty of access for west- YEARS OLD headlines of their own. The emergence of these ern travelers, scholars, and archaeologists. new states has helped to focus attention once Russian and Chinese investigators working in • THE ORIGIN OF CHESS AND THE SILK again on their history, culture, and people. For their respective languages have done most of ROAD most of us, these were places whose names we the fi rst hand observation and reporting. The barely knew a decade ago. Collectively more experienced fi eld archaeologists • THE MONGOLS AND THE SILK ROAD they form the heart of Eurasia. Today in Russia and China—Elena Kuzmina • AGE OF MONGOLIAN EMPIRE: A BIB- they may be known as Ukraine, Armenia, from Moscow and Wang Binghua from LIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Urumchi, for example—have more di- Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and rect experience with Central Asian sites Kyrghizstan, but in the more remote and materials than practically all of past, along with Afghanistan, Xinjiang, the American investigators combined. and Gansu, they evoked images of the an- Their reports and publications, in Russian and cient Silk Road—oases, caravanserai, nomads, Chinese, are available in the west to only a lim- strange empires, fantastic beasts, and exotic ited number of specialists. -
Andy Higgins, BA
Andy Higgins, B.A. (Hons), M.A. (Hons) Music, Politics and Liquid Modernity How Rock-Stars became politicians and why Politicians became Rock-Stars Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. in Politics and International Relations The Department of Politics, Philosophy and Religion University of Lancaster September 2010 Declaration I certify that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted in substantially the same form for the award of a higher degree elsewhere 1 ProQuest Number: 11003507 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11003507 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract As popular music eclipsed Hollywood as the most powerful mode of seduction of Western youth, rock-stars erupted through the counter-culture as potent political figures. Following its sensational arrival, the politics of popular musical culture has however moved from the shared experience of protest movements and picket lines and to an individualised and celebrified consumerist experience. As a consequence what emerged, as a controversial and subversive phenomenon, has been de-fanged and transformed into a mechanism of establishment support. -
Annual Report 2019
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year Ended 31 December 2019 Company number: 3610100 Registered charity: 1071659 1 WAR CHILD ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year Ended 31 December 2019 warchild.org.uk CONTENTS Foreword from the Chair 3 Executive summary 4 Our year in numbers 5 Strategic report 6 Who we are 6 Our reach 7 Afghanistan 8 Central African Republic (CAR) 9 Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) 10 Iraq 12 Occupied Palestinian territories 13 Syria response (Jordan) 14 Uganda 15 Yemen 16 Achievements against our strategy objectives in 2019 and 2020 plans 18 Financial review 24 Principle risks and uncertainties 26 Safeguarding / serious incidents 28 Our governance 30 Our management 32 Thank yous 33 Fundraising statement 34 Trustees’ responsibilities 35 Independent auditor’s report 36 Consolidated statement of financial activities 38 Consolidated and charity balance sheets 39 Consolidated statement of cash flow 40 Notes to financial statements 41 Photo credits: War Child Holland (cover) War Child UK (p17) Ellie King (p23) Kiana Hayeri (p29 and p45) Arete (p51 and 53) Hanna Noori (p57) FOREWORD FROM THE CHAIR The Board of Trustees of War Child are pleased to present the annual report and accounts for 2019. 2019 was a significant year for War Child, and one which saw continued strengthening and deepening of the methodologies that we use in our programmes, and the evidence base for their effectiveness; achieved through delivery to over 100,000 children, young people and adult participants in our programmes in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. 2019 was a year in which War Child’s quality was As we ended 2019 and entered 2020, I prepared for recognised by a number of the largest humanitarian my final months as Chair of Trustees of War Child and donors, who partnered with us to support a number of handing over to my successor. -
Historie a Činnost Spolku Sarajevských Sefardských Židů La Benevolencija
Masarykova univerzita Filozofická fakulta Ústav slavistiky Balkanistika Lenka Volfová Historie a činnost spolku sarajevských sefardských Židů La Benevolencija Magisterská diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Ladislav Hladký, CSc. 2013 Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem magisterskou práci vypracovala samostatně s využitím uvedených pramenů a literatury. ..…………………………………………… 2 Poděkování Na tomto místě bych ráda poděkovala doc. PhDr. Ladislavu Hladkému, CSc., za ochotu vést práci na toto téma a připomínky ke koncepci práce. 3 Anotace Židé jsou jednou z nedílných součástí multietnického a multikonfesního prostředí Bosny a Hercegoviny a centra Sarajeva. Původně sefardská komunita, pocházející z Pyrenejského poloostrova, od 16. století spoluutvářela charakter i vzhled města, zatímco neklidné dějiny Balkánu naopak různým způsobem ovlivňovaly dění v tamní židovské komunitě. Předmětem této práce je představit historii židovského obyvatelstva na pozadí významných historických změn a událostí, zejména pak se zaměřením na organizaci La Benevolencija, která vznikla jako jeden ze židovských spolků koncem 19. století a během své téměř nepřetržité existence změnila podle potřeb situace několikrát charakter svého působení. Během občanské války v 90. letech 20. století se La Benevolencija svou humanitární činností významným způsobem podílela na pomoci obyvatelům Sarajeva. Dnes La Benevolencija existuje jako zastřešující kulturně osvětová organizace současné malé sarajevské židovské komunity. Klíčová slova Židé, sefardští Židé, La Benevolencija, Bosna a Hercegovina, Sarajevo Abstract Jews are one of the integral part of a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional environment of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its centre Sarajevo. Originally a Sephardic community that came from the Iberian Peninsula has participated in the formation of the character and appearance of the city since the 16th century, while the troubled history of the Balkans affected the local Jewish community in different ways. -
The Art of War: the Protection of Cultural Property During the "Siege" of Sarajevo (1992-95)
DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law Volume 14 Issue 1 Special Section: Art and War, 2004 Article 5 The Art of War: The Protection of Cultural Property during the "Siege" of Sarajevo (1992-95) Megan Kossiakoff Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/jatip Recommended Citation Megan Kossiakoff, The Art of War: The Protection of Cultural Property during the "Siege" of Sarajevo (1992-95), 14 DePaul J. Art, Tech. & Intell. Prop. L. 109 (2004) Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/jatip/vol14/iss1/5 This Case Notes and Comments is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Law at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Kossiakoff: The Art of War: TheCOMMENT Protection of Cultural Property during the "S THE ART OF WAR: THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY DURING THE "SIEGE" OF SARAJEVO (1992-95) I. INTRODUCTION Throughout the night of August 25, 1992, shells from Serb gunners fell on the National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo. The attack set off a blaze fueled by a collection representing hundreds of years of Bosnian history and culture. Librarians and community members, risking sniper fire, formed a human chain to move books to safety.' Despite emergency efforts, ninety percent of the collection was ash by daybreak.2 Unfortunately, this incident was not unique. The destruction of cultural artifacts during the "Siege" of Sarajevo was a loss not only to Bosnia,3 but also to the heritage of the world which now suffers a gap that cannot be closed. -
The Transition from Yugoslav to Post-Yugoslav Jewry
THE TRANSITION FROM YUGOSLAV TO POST-YUGOSLAV JEWRY Ari Kerkkänen r. INTRODUCTION And to be su¡e, any conceivable collapse of Yugoslav federalism, fragmenting the country according to its various national componenls, would destroy the centralized organization of the Jewish community and seriously hamper its ability to function. Yugoslav Jewry is already in a struggle for survival; any radical change would most likely help to hasten its demise. (Freidsnroich 1984: 57.) Haniet Pass Freiden¡eich foresaw the possible disintegration of Yugoslavia rela- tively early on, in 1984. She concluded that the break-up of Yugoslavia would have serious consequences for the Jewish community. According to Freidenreich (1984: 58), the Yugoslav Jewish community was an example of a community being sus- tained by its organisation. Accordingly, she drew the conclusion that the disintegra- tion of Yugoslavia would result in the disintegmtion of the community's centralized organization, thus seriously hampering its ability to function. A decisive step towards the disintegration of Yugoslavia \l,as the declaration of independence by two Federal Republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugo- slavia, i.e. Slovenia and Croatia, in June, 1991. As a result, war broke out, and the Yugoslav Jewish community was destined to face a radical, historic change. The aim of this a¡ticle is to study the consequences of the disintegration of Yugoslavia for its Jewish community.l Freidenreich's above quoted assessment serves as a hypothesis for this study. In other ,flords, did the disintegration really hasten the demise of the Jewish community? I shall endeavour to answer this ques- tion by focusing on the functions and activities of the local Jewish communities in the newly independent states of the former Yugoslavia. -
ILUSTROVANA BIBLIOGRAFIJA KNJIGA O JEVREJIMA OBJAVLJENIH U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI Od 1820
ILUSTROVANA BIBLIOGRAFIJA KNJIGA O JEVREJIMA OBJAVLJENIH U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI od 1820. do 2018. godine i knjiga o Jevrejima Bosne i Hercegovine, objavljenih van BiH Aron Albahari Naslovna strana - skulptura od bronze Promišljanje, autor Šlomo (Shlomo) Emanuel, multidisciplinarni umjetnik iz Tel Aviva, Izrael Aron Albahari ILUSTROVANA BIBLIOGRAFIJA KNJIGA O JEVREJIMA OBJAVLJENIH U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI od 1820. do 2018. godine i knjiga o Jevrejima Bosne i Hercegovine, objavljenih van BiH Sarajevo 2019 Autor: Aron Albahari Izdavač: Izdanje autora Lektor i korektor: Biljana Albahari Prevod: Doron Frishman Štampa: Digital ART, Beograd, 2019 Tiraž: 50 UVOD Viševjekovno prisustvo Jevreja u Bosni i Hercegovini počinje još u 16. vijeku. „Iz... rukopisa jedne muslimanske biblioteke u Sarajevu proizilazi, da je u doba namjesnika Hamid Ali Bey-a, godine 958 po Hedžri (hidžri - što odgovara 1541. godini po sadašnjem kalendaru, o.a.) u Sarajevu živjelo 30-40 Jevreja, koji su se bavili trgovinom“1. Nadalje, prema istom izvoru, neki jevrejski nadgrobni spomenici u Sarajevu i Bosni imaju za datum 5311. godinu2, što odgovara 1551. godini. A najstariji zvanični pisani dokument koji predstavlja 2. svezak sidžila, službenog zapisnika šerijatskog suda u Sarajevu, potiče iz 1565. godine, i čine ga tri zapisnika iz pomenutog protokola šerijatskog suda u Sarajevu, u kojima se izričito, imenom i prezimenom pominju tri Jevreja, stranke u sporu pred ovim sudom3. Zato se ova godina vodi i kao službeni datum od kada postoji pisana evidencija o prisustvu Jevreja u Sarajevu i Bosni, a time se uzima i za godinu nastanka jevrejske zajednice, odnosno Jevrejske opštine u Sarajevu. Važna godina u istoriji Jevreja Bosne i Hercegovine, i posebno Sarajeva, jeste i 1581.