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Egypt's Presidential Election
From Plebiscite to Contest? Egypt’s Presidential Election A Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper Introduction................................................................................................................................... 1 Political Rights and Demands for Reform................................................................................ 2 Free and Fair? ................................................................................................................................ 4 From Plebiscite to Election: Article 76 Amended............................................................... 4 Government Restrictions and Harassment........................................................................... 5 Campaign Issues........................................................................................................................ 6 Judicial Supervision of Elections............................................................................................ 8 Election Monitoring ...............................................................................................................10 Appendix ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Political Parties and Candidates............................................................................................11 Introduction On September 7, Egypt will hold its first-ever presidential election, as distinct from the single-candidate plebiscites that have so far -
Egypt's Tourism Industry and the Arab Spring
EGYPT’S TOURISM INDUSTRY AND THE ARAB SPRING Konstantinos Tomazos, University of Strathclyde Tourism is an uncertain industry and in many cases it has been exposed as the giant with feet of clay that it really is, as its evolution remains very sensitive to sudden/violent changes in the tourism environment. Changes in the macro and/or micro environment in the form of political instability, revolution and terrorism can greatly dictate the future of tourist destinations and their viability. Egypt has a long history of turmoil and it has experienced political change through all of the above elements that had a profound effect on the country, its people and its very resilient tourism industry. The recent Arab Spring and a chain of ensuing events and continuous crisis are testing Egyptian tourism’s bounce-back ability to its limits Introduction In an era of volatility, instability, political turmoil and extremism, tourism is faced with significant challenges. As tourism is a very vulnerable and sensitive industry political stability, peace and above all safety, are prerequisites to tourism. In addition, tourists and tourism markets are prone to panic and events, such as civil unrest and terrorism can cause tourists to second-guess their decisions to visit certain destinations. In turn, the immediate impact and the short term, midterm and long term aftermath of such occurrences can be catastrophic, not only for the country destination, but also for the region as a whole. It is not only the economic loss that a destination will have to face; it is also a general sense of instability and economic malaise that discourages investment and inevitably reinforces the cycle of violence and instability as young people, especially are left unemployed, with no prospects and grow increasingly nihilistic and thus suggestible to extremist ideologies. -
Egypt Presidential Election Observation Report
EGYPT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OBSERVATION REPORT JULY 2014 This publication was produced by Democracy International, Inc., for the United States Agency for International Development through Cooperative Agreement No. 3263-A- 13-00002. Photographs in this report were taken by DI while conducting the mission. Democracy International, Inc. 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 1010 Bethesda, MD 20814 Tel: +1.301.961.1660 www.democracyinternational.com EGYPT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OBSERVATION REPORT July 2014 Disclaimer This publication is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Democracy International, Inc. and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CONTENTS CONTENTS ................................................................ 4 MAP OF EGYPT .......................................................... I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................. II DELEGATION MEMBERS ......................................... V ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................... X EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 6 ABOUT DI .......................................................... 6 ABOUT THE MISSION ....................................... 7 METHODOLOGY .............................................. 8 BACKGROUND ........................................................ 10 TUMULT -
Middle East Terrorist Activity in Latin America
Middle East Terrorist Activity in Latin America Mark S. Steinitz Policy Papers on the Americas Volume XIV, Study 7 July 2003 About CSIS For four decades, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has been dedicated to providing world leaders with strategic insights on—and policy solutions to— current and emerging global issues. CSIS is led by John J. Hamre, former U.S. deputy secretary of defense. It is guided by a board of trustees chaired by former U.S. senator Sam Nunn and consisting of prominent individuals from both the public and private sectors. The CSIS staff of 190 researchers and support staff focus primarily on three subject areas. First, CSIS addresses the full spectrum of new challenges to national and international security. Second, it maintains resident experts on all of the world’s major geographical regions. Third, it is committed to helping to develop new methods of governance for the global age; to this end, CSIS has programs on technology and public policy, international trade and finance, and energy. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., CSIS is private, bipartisan, and tax-exempt. CSIS does not take specific policy positions; accordingly, all views expressed herein should be understood to be solely those of the author(s). CSIS Americas Program Leadership Sidney Weintraub, director, Americas Program, and William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy Phillip McLean, senior associate and deputy director, Americas Program Luis Pinto, coordinator, Americas Program M. Delal Baer, senior fellow, Americas Program Armand Peschard-Sverdrup, director, Mexico Project Sara Rioff, research assistant, Mexico Project Miguel Diaz, director, South America Project Viviane Vanni, research assistant, South America Project © 2003 by the Center for Strategic and International Studies. -
Tourism Receipts Alone Account for Close to 6% of GDP
Technical Assistance to Estimate the Economic Impact of the Luxor Incident Final Report Submitted to Robert E. Wuertz Chief, Economic Growth, Sector Policy Ingi Lotfi Contracting Officer Technical Representative by TAPR Technical Assistance to Support The Reform Activities of the Government of Egypt and Provide Management Activities Bradley Perry WEFA, Inc. Adam Sacks WEFA, Inc. Dina El Shafei FinBi March 20, 1999 Report prepared for U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Economic Growth, Sector Policy Division, Cairo, Egypt, under the TAPR Project: Technical Assistance to Support the Reform Activities of the Government of Egypt and Provide Management Activities (Contract No. 263-Q-00-97-00104-00, Task Order No. 5, Task Two), administered by Chemonics International Inc. This report is a joint effort between TAPR and its subcontractors, WEFA, Inc. and FinBi. Table of Contents Page # Executive Summary ..................................................................................................1 Background ...............................................................................................................2 Historical Review ......................................................................................................3 Econometric Analysis of the Visitor Arrival Data...................................................5 Monthly Approach.............................................................................................6 Annual Approach............................................................................................12 -
Sample Ballot
SAMPLE BALLOT SKAGIT COUNTY WA GENERAL ELECTION NOVEMBER 2, 2004 INSTRUCTIONS 1. Only use pencil to mark your ballot. PROPOSED TO THE LEGISLATURE STATE STATE 2. You must completely blacken the oval to AND REFERRED TO THE PEOPLE: INITIATIVE TO THE LEGISLATURE 297 the left of your desired selection. Initiative Measure No. 297 concerns GOVERNOR ATTORNEY GENERAL "mixed" radioactive and nonradioactive 4 Year Term 4 Year Term 3. To write-in a candidate you must write hazardous waste. This measure would Vote For One Vote For One their name and party on the line provided add new provisions concerning "mixed" under the desired position. radioactive and nonradioactive hazardous waste, requiring cleanup of contamination 4. Do not make any identifying marks on before additional waste is added, Christine Gregoire D Deborah Senn D your ballot. prioritizing cleanup, providing for public participation and enforcement through ABBREVIATION POLITICAL PARTY citizen lawsuits. Dino Rossi R Rob McKenna R D Democratic Should this measure be enacted into law? R Republican L Libertarian Ruth Bennett L J. Bradley Gibson L WW Workers World Yes G Green SW Socialist Workers Paul Richmond G C Constitution No SE Socialist Equality Write-in I Independent Candidate NP Nonpartisan Write-in PROPOSED BY INITIATIVE PETITION: FEDERAL LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR INITIATIVE TO THE PEOPLE 872 4 Year Term Initiative Measure No. 872 concerns Vote For One elections for partisan offices. This PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC LANDS measure would allow voters to select OF THE UNITED STATES 4 Year Term among all candidates in a primary. 4 Year Term Vote For One Ballots would indicate candidates' party Vote For One Brad Owen D preference. -
Calendar of Events 2005 Iv
PARLIAMENTARIANS FOR GLOBAL ACTION (PGA) INTERNATIONAL LAW & HUMAN RIGHTS PROGRAMME CALENDAR OF EVENTS 2005 February 9-10, 2005 The Rule of Law and the Protection of Civilians – the Role of Legislators Sub-regional two days meeting for Arab countries/Middle East and informal strategy meeting(s) on the ICC Venue: Parliament of Egypt, Cairo February 15, 2005 Presentation on the Implementation of the Rome Statute to the new Parliament of Uruguay Venue: Parliament of Uruguay, Montevideo February/March 2005 Seminar of the PGA Group in the European Parliament on “The International Criminal Court and Transatlantic Relations” Venue: European Parliament, Strasbourg April/May 2005 PGA participation in the conference “The ICC and Gender Justice: Obstacles to the implementation processes in the Andean region” Venue: Quito, Ecuador May 7-10, 2005 PGA session on the ICC on the occasion of the VI General Assembly of the Parliamentary Confederation of the Americas (COPA) Venue: Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil II Half 2005 Delegation of Legislators from a State Non-Party to the Rome Statute to the International Criminal Court Venues: ICC & international legal institutions, The Hague; Parliament of the Netherlands, The Hague II Half 2005 Meeting(s) of the Working Groups of the Consultative Assembly of Parliamentarians for the ICC & the Rule of Law Venue(s) to be determined October/November, 2006 IV plenary session of the Consultative Assembly of Parliamentarians for the ICC & the Rule of Law Venue(s) to be determined [Parliament of a State Non Party to the ICC Statute] -
Electoral System Dysfunction: the Arab Republic of Egypt Political
Nýsa, The NKU Journal of Student Research | Volume 1 | Fall 2018 Electoral System Dysfunction: The Arab Republic of Egypt Jarett Lopez is a political science major and history minor who will graduate in 2020. He has presented earlier works at statewide conferences and looks forward to continuing his research in the areas of creative placemaking and ref- erenda in the Ohio River Valley Tristate. Jarett plans to continue his research in political behavior and comparative politics and to attend graduate school. Political Science Political 15 Nýsa, The NKU Journal of Student Research | Volume 1 | Fall 2018 Electoral System Dysfunction: The Arab Republic of Egypt Jarett Lopez. Faculty mentor: Ryan Salzman Political Science Abstract Elections are the cornerstone of democratic systems, but the form they take and their overall quality varies widely. In this paper, electoral systems and their formulae for deciding a victor are analyzed using the Arab Republic of Egypt as a case study. This manuscript explores how the differences in electoral formulae influence voting behavior and gov- ernmental longevity. An analysis is done through a qualitative and quantitative study of Egyptian elections, beginning with Anwar Al-Sadat in 1970 and ending with Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi in 2018. We find that the Egyptian majoritarian sys- tem has not provided increased legitimacy, as suggested by the literature for a variety of reasons. This leads to further questions about the electoral formula in Egypt as well as the role of other institutions in the Egyptian political system. Keywords:MENA, Egypt, elections, electoral systems Introduction Literature Review: Electoral Systems and Elections The Arab Republic of Egypt is the state that now has political hegemony on an area in which human society Electoral systems are the processes through which offi- has grown and prospered for millennia. -
Failure of Muslim Brotherhood Movement on the Scene of Government in Egypt and Its Political Future
International Journal of Asian Social Science, 2015, 5(7): 394-406 International Journal of Asian Social Science ISSN(e): 2224-4441/ISSN(p): 2226-5139 journal homepage: http://www.aessweb.com/journals/5007 FAILURE OF MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD MOVEMENT ON THE SCENE OF GOVERNMENT IN EGYPT AND ITS POLITICAL FUTURE Rasoul Goudarzi1† --- Azhdar Piri Sarmanlou2 1,2Department of International Relations, Political Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT After occurrence of public movements in Egypt that led the Egyptian Islamist movement of Muslim Brotherhood to come to power in ruling scene of this country, Mohamed Morsi as a candidate of this party won in the first democratic presidency elections in this country and after coming to power, he took a series of radical measures both in domestic and international scenes, which have caused him to be ousted in less than one year. The present essay is intended to reveal this fact based on theoretical framework of overthrowing government of Ibn Khaldun by proposing various reasons and documentations about several aspects of ousting of Morsi. Similarly, it indicates that with respect to removing this movement from Egypt political scene and confiscation of their properties, especially after the time when Field Marshal Abdel Fattah El-Sisi came to power as a president, so Muslim Brotherhood should pass through a very tumultuous path to return to political scene in Egypt compared to past time, especially this movement has lost noticeably its public support and backing. © 2015 AESS Publications. All Rights Reserved. Keywords: Muslim brotherhood, Army, Egypt, Political situation. Contribution/ Originality The paper's primary contribution is study of Mohamed Morsi‟s radical measures both in domestic and international scenes in Egypt, which have caused him to be ousted in less than one year. -
Marxism, History and Socialist Consciousness: a Reply by David North to Alex Steiner and Frank Brenner
Marxism, History and Socialist Consciousness: A Reply by David North to Alex Steiner and Frank Brenner Dear Comrades Steiner and Brenner: The International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) has asked that I reply to your document, “Objectivism or Marxism,” on its behalf. This is a task that I undertake with a certain degree of regret. Notwithstanding the different paths our lives have taken over the past three decades, I retain warm recollections of the time when we worked closely together within the movement. However, that was very long ago, and your latest document serves only to underscore what your various writings over the past several years have made increasingly apparent: that you have traveled very far politically from Marxism, the political heritage of the Trotskyist movement, and the ICFI. This inescapable political reality must determine the content and the tone of this reply. Your letter begins by protesting that the ICFI has failed to answer your previous documents, from which you draw the most disturbing conclusions: The ICFI suffers from “an aversion to criticism” that is “symptomatic of deeper problems within the movement that every member and supporter of the IC should be concerned about.” The leadership of the movement “stonewalls political debate,” and seeks “to quell discussion in order to insulate itself from criticism.” Our alleged failure to respond to your documents “only underscores how alien a practice genuinely critical debate has become within the movement.” To the uninformed observer, the situation you describe can only evoke images of a besieged opposition tendency in a dictatorial political party, battling against a bureaucratic regime’s suppression of its democratic right to be heard by the rank-and-file membership. -
Master Thesis
MEASURES BY THE EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENT TO COUNTER THE EXPLOITATION OF (SOCIAL) MEDIA - FACEBOOK AND AL JAZEERA Master Thesis Name: Rajko Smaak Student number: S1441582 Study: Master Crisis and Security Management Date: January 13, 2016 The Hague, The Netherlands Master Thesis: Measures by the Egyptian government to counter the exploitation of (social) media II Leiden University CAPSTONE PROJECT ‘FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION VERSUS FREEDOM FROM INTIMIDATION MEASURES BY THE EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENT TO COUNTER THE EXPLOITATION OF (SOCIAL) MEDIA - FACEBOOK AND AL JAZEERA BY Rajko Smaak S1441582 MASTER THESIS Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Crisis and Security Management at Leiden University, The Hague Campus. January 13, 2016 Leiden, The Netherlands Adviser: Prof. em. Alex P. Schmid Second reader: Dhr. Prof. dr. Edwin Bakker Master Thesis: Measures by the Egyptian government to counter the exploitation of (social) media III Leiden University Master Thesis: Measures by the Egyptian government to counter the exploitation of (social) media IV Leiden University Abstract During the Arab uprisings in 2011, social media played a key role in ousting various regimes in the Middle East and North Africa region. Particularly, social media channel Facebook and TV broadcast Al Jazeera played a major role in ousting Hosni Mubarak, former president of Egypt. Social media channels eases the ability for people to express, formulate, send and perceive messages on political issues. However, some countries demonstrate to react in various forms of direct and indirect control of these media outlets. Whether initiated through regulations or punitive and repressive measures such as imprisonment and censorship of media channels. -
Terrorism and the Rise of ISIS in Egypt
BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Fall 2015 Terrorism and the Rise of ISIS in Egypt Jantzen William Garnett As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons Recommended Citation Garnett, Jantzen William, "Terrorism and the Rise of ISIS in Egypt" (2015). MSU Graduate Theses. 2551. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/2551 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TERRORISM AND THE RISE OF ISIS IN EGYPT A Masters Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University TEMPLATE In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science, Defense and Strategic Studies By Jantzen W. Garnett December 2015 Copyright 2015 by Jantzen William Marlow Garnett ii TERRORISM AND THE RISE OF ISIS IN EGYPT Defense and Strategic Studies Missouri State University, December 2015 Master of Science Jantzen W. Garnett ABSTRACT Using mostly primary source materials this thesis seeks to understand the evolution of and linkages between different terrorist organization that have operated in Egypt and the Sinai, in particular.