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State Building in South Sudan State Building in South Sudan: Priorities for Development Policy Research This publication and the research leading to it was funded by Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC) State Building in South Sudan: Priorities for Development Policy Research i Published by: African Research and Resource Forum (ARRF) Nairobi, Kenya October 2013 ©African Research and Resource Forum 2013 All rights reserved. Except for quotation of fully acknowledge short passages for the purposes of critique/review, research or teaching, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or means without prior written permission by African Research and Resource Forum (ARRF) African Research and Resource Forum House No. 305, Mt. View Estate off Waiyaki Way P.o Box 57103-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya Tel/Fax: +254020 3002712/020 8330457 Cell: +254 728 606 616/0731 210 780 Email: [email protected] ISBN: 978 9966 1547-6-7 Edited by: Dorothy Nyong’o Design and printing by: 7th Sense Communication Limited ii State Building in South Sudan: Priorities for Development Policy Research Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 .....................................................................................................1 The Challenges of State-Building and National Development in the New Republic of South Sudan - George Omondi ................................................. 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Objective of the Study ................................................................................................... 3 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER 2 .....................................................................................................5 When Fragility meets State-building: State-building in Post-Conflict South Sudan - Nsamba A. Morris ......................................................... 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 Fragility and State-building: Theoretical outlook .......................................................... 8 State-building ................................................................................................................. 8 The Discourse on State fragility .................................................................................... 8 Fragility Defined ............................................................................................................ 9 Causes of Fragility ....................................................................................................... 10 Political Systems in Fragile States ............................................................................... 12 A Note on South Sudan Political System ..................................................................... 13 Fragility and State-building in South Sudan ................................................................ 14 Traditional Authorities, Citizenship and State-building in South Sudan ..................... 14 Conflict and Post Conflict Experiences and State-building in South Sudan ................ 20 From Secession to a United Democratic and Secular Sudan and back to Secession .......................................................................... 22 Peace Agreements and the Politics of Power Sharing and Inclusion in Sudan: Implications for State-building Initiatives ................................... 24 The SPLM Political Party and the State South Sudan ................................................. 27 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 32 References .................................................................................................................... 34 CHAPTER 3 ...................................................................................................39 Nation and State building in South Sudan: Priorities for Research and Action - Samson S. Wassara .............................................................. 39 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 39 Concepts of Nation and State Building ........................................................................ 40 Nation Building Processes in South Sudan .................................................................. 42 State Building Process at National and Local Level .................................................... 46 Emerging Forms of Local Governance in South Sudan .............................................. 51 Political Structures at the Local Level ......................................................................... 52 Issues in Local Participation and Accountability Mechanisms .................................... 52 State Building in South Sudan: Priorities for Development Policy Research iii The Missing Link ......................................................................................................... 55 Opportunities and Challenges ...................................................................................... 55 Concluding Remarks and the Way Forward ................................................................ 58 References .................................................................................................................... 61 CHAPTER 4 ...................................................................................................63 Economic Reconstruction in South Sudan: Priorities for Research and Policy Formulation - Asha Abdel Rahim ........................................... 63 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 63 The Meaning of Economic Reconstruction ................................................................. 63 Research Problems ....................................................................................................... 64 Hypotheses of the paper ............................................................................................... 65 Sources of Revenue ...................................................................................................... 66 Expenditure .................................................................................................................. 67 Fiscal challenges .......................................................................................................... 68 Economic Challenges Facing South Sudan: ................................................................ 70 Extreme dependency on oil: what to do? ..................................................................... 70 South Sudan’s Landlocked Nature, its Neighbours and Development ........................ 71 Trade & Development .................................................................................................. 72 Corruption Concerns .................................................................................................... 74 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 77 Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 78 Non-oil revenue: .......................................................................................................... 78 Macroeconomic: .......................................................................................................... 78 Oil revenue ................................................................................................................... 78 Accountability inaccuracies ......................................................................................... 79 References .................................................................................................................... 80 CHAPTER 5 ...................................................................................................81 Priorities for Governance Reforms and Capacity Development - George Omondi & Nsamba A Morris ................................ 81 Research Priorities for Governance Reforms in South Sudan ..................................... 81 Civil Society................................................................................................................. 81 Citizen Action .............................................................................................................. 82 Devolved Governance and Natural Resource Management ........................................ 82 National Identity and Political Representation ............................................................ 83 Institutional and Capacity building .............................................................................. 84 Linking Socio-Economic Development to Capacity Development Priorities ............. 85 Institutional and Human Resource Development in South Sudan ............................... 87 Individual Vs. institutional ........................................................................................... 89 Education Sub-Sector ..................................................................................................
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