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HEO Overview and Update from Advanced Exploration Systems National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration HEO Overview and Update from Advanced Exploration Systems 10 October 2017 JASON CRUSAN Director, Advanced Exploration Systems NASA Headquarters 1 STRATEGIC PRINCIPLES FOR SUSTAINABLE EXPLORATION • FISCAL REALISM • ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY Implementable in the near-term with the buying power Opportunities for U.S. commercial business to further of current budgets and in the longer term with budgets enhance their experience and business base; commensurate with economic growth; • ARCHITECTURE OPENNESS AND RESILIENCE • SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION Resilient architecture featuring multi-use, evolvable space Exploration enables science and science enables infrastructure, minimizing unique developments, with each exploration; leveraging scientific expertise for human mission leaving something behind to support subsequent exploration of the solar system. missions; • TECHNOLOGY PULL AND PUSH • GLOBAL COLLABORATION AND LEADERSHIP Application of high TRL technologies for near term Substantial new international and commercial missions, while focusing sustained investments on partnerships, leveraging current International Space technologies and capabilities to address the challenges Station partnerships and building new cooperative of future missions; ventures for exploration; and • GRADUAL BUILD UP OF CAPABILITY • CONTINUITY OF HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT Near-term mission opportunities with a defined cadence Uninterrupted expansion of human presence into the solar of compelling and integrated human and robotic missions, system by establishing a regular cadence of crewed providing for an incremental buildup of capabilities for missions to cis-lunar space during ISS lifetime. more complex missions over time; 2 EXPANDING HUMAN PRESENCE IN PARTNERSHIP CREATING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ADVANCING TECHNOLOGIES, AND ENABLING DISCOVERY After 2030 2020s Leaving the Earth-Moon System Operating in the Lunar and Reaching Mars Orbit Now Vicinity (proving ground) Using the International Space Station Phase 0 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phases 3 and 4 Continue research and Begin missions in cislunar Complete Deep Space Begin sustained testing on ISS to solve space. Build Deep Space Transport and conduct crew expeditions to exploration challenges. Gateway. Initiate yearlong Mars Martian system and Evaluate potential for assembly of Deep Space simulation mission. surface of Mars. lunar resources. Develop Transport. standards. PHASE 0 The International Space Station (ISS) is a platform for deep space exploration, scientific research, economic growth and global diplomacy. ISS brings the world together to discover, develop and advance solutions for a better life both here on Earth and in space. International Space Station Partnerships Created by a partnership of 5 space agencies representing 15 nations The largest peace time effort amongst the most countries in recorded human history. (Nations, that not long ago, were enemies) Creating knowledge that improves life here on earth and provides a stepping stone for humanity’s destiny . to live among the stars Today, some 90 nations are involved in research on ISS What Benefits Come from Research on the Space Station? Enabling Deep Space Scientific Discovery Benefits for Humanity Exploration 6 What are We Doing on the Space Station Today? National Deep Space Lab Exploration Biology and Biotechnology (Operated by Center for Advancement Human Research of Science in Space/CASIS) Physical Sciences Tech Demos Earth Science Astrophysics Education 7 Source: ISS Program Scientist Space Life and Physical Sciences Research On the Space Station Space Biology Human Research Physical Sciences • Uses the space environment • Develops scientific and • Conducts fundamental and to enhance understanding of technological foundations applied research in space to the response of living for a safe, productive explore the processes that organisms and biological human presence in space form materials and processes to spaceflight for extended periods. determine the performance conditions. of fluid, thermal, and • Focuses on investigating combustion systems. • Works toward an and mitigating the highest understanding of the risks to human health and • Builds engineering requirements of terrestrial life performance in order to knowledge to enable the in non-Earth environments enable safe, reliable, and design of fluid, thermal, and productive human space chemical process devices exploration. for space environments Applies this knowledge and technology to improve our nation's competitiveness, education and the quality of life on Earth. COMMERCIAL CARGO * Currently making resupply missions to ISS Missions flying to ISS in 2019 COMMERCIAL CREW: AIMING TO LAUNCH ASTRONAUTS FROM THE U.S. BY THE END OF 2018 ISS RESEARCH: CRITICAL TO MITIGATING MARS MISSION HUMAN HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE RISKS Cardiovascular Muscle Bone Loss Crew Sleep/ Medical Imaging Function Experiment Physiology Facility Countermeasure Performance Ocular Surveillance Fluid Shift Physiological Changes/ Nutritional Requirements Immunological Changes Flight Study Experiment Exercise Countermeasures Each USOS crewmember participates in 10-15 separate experiments 11 BUILDING BLOCKS TO DEEP SPACE Beginning human exploration beyond LEO as soon as practicable helps secure our future in space. Space Launch System Orion Spacecraft Ground Systems Development & Operations 12 AMERICA’S NEW SPACE EXPLORATION CAPABILITY: ORION CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE & SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM 13 Ground Systems Facilities Supporting EM-1 LO2 trucks arrive at Launch Pad 39B Left-hand forward skirt solid rocket boosters arrive New flame deflector segments installed at Launch Pad 39B inside the high bay at the BFF ICPS arrives at Space Station Processing Core stage forward skirt umbilical installed on Underway Recovery Test #5 14 Facility mobile launcher Orion Test and EM-1 Flight Hardware in Production Ogive testing at Plum Brook Station Initial power on completed successfully Propulsion Qualification Module installed at White Sands Test Facility Orion parachute drop tests Abort motor for launch abort system test fire ESA service module at Airbus Defense and15 Space SLS Testing and Flight Hardware in Production Welding of liquid oxygen tank complete LVSA ready for thermal insulation application RS-25 flight controller tests Photogrammetric markings applied on completed Liquid oxygen tank flight undergoing Structure of the intertank assembled at MSFC segments hydrostatic test PHASE 1 Phase 1 Plan Establishing deep-space leadership and preparing for Deep Space Transport development Deep Space Gateway Buildup EM-1 Europa Clipper EM-2 EM-3 EM-4 EM-5 2019 - 2025 2026 These essential Gateway SLS Block 1 SLS Block 1B Cargo SLS Block 1B SLS Block 1B SLS Block 1B SLS Block 1B elements can support Crew: 0 Crew: 4 Crew: 4 Crew: 4 Crew: 4 multiple U.S. and CMP Capability: 8-9T CMP Capability: 10mT CMP Capability: 10mT CPL Capability: 10mT international partner objectives in Phase 1 and beyond Habitation Logistics Airlock Europa Clipper Known Parameters: (subject to approval) • Gateway architecture supports 40kW Phase 2 and beyond activities Power/Prop Bus • International and U.S. commercial development of elements and Distant Retrograde Multi-TLI Lunar Near Rectilinear Halo NRHO, w/ ability to NRHO, w/ ability to Jupiter Direct systems Orbit (DRO) Free Return Orbit (NRHO) translate to/from translate to/from • Gateway will translate uncrewed 26-40 days 8-21 days 16-26 days other cislunar orbits other cislunar orbits 26-42 days 26-42 days between cislunar orbits • Ability to support science objectives in cislunar space Open Opportunities: • Order of logistics flights and Gateway (blue) logistics providers • Use of logistics modules for Configuration available volume • Ability to support lunar surface (Orion in grey) missions Cislunar Cislunar Support Flight Support Flight 19 Human Exploration and Operations Deep Space Gateway Functionality Assumptions – Deep Space Gateway provides ability to support multiple NASA, U.S. commercial, and international partner objectives in Phase 1 and beyond – The Gateway is designed for deep space environments • Supports (with Orion docked) crew of 4 for a minimum of 30 days • Supports buildup of the Deep Space Transport Emphasis on defining early Phase 1 elements – Gateway Power Propulsion Element – Gateway Habitat – Logistics Strategy Future work to refine later elements; early feasibility trades complete – Airlock – Deep Space Transport 20 Deep Space Gateway (DSG) Concept Phase 2: Deep Space Transport Orion PHASE 2 Deep Space Gateway (PLANNING REFERENCE) Phase 2 and Phase 3 Looking ahead to the shakedown cruise and the first crewed missions to Mars Transport Delivery Transport Shakedown Mars Transit EM-6 EM-7 EM-8 EM-9 EM-10 EM-11 2027 2028 / 2029 2030+ Reusable Deep Space Transport supports SLS Block 1B Cargo SLS Block 1B SLS Block 1B Cargo SLS Block 2 SLS Block 2 Cargo SLS Block 2 P/L Capability: Crew: 4 P/L Capability: Crew: 4 P/L Capability: Crew: 4 repeated crewed 41t TLI CMP Capability: 10t 41t TLI CMP Capability: 13+t 45t TLI CMP Capability: 13+t missions to the Mars vicinity Logistics DST Logistics DST Logistics Logistics & Logistics & Known Parameters: Refueling Refueling • DST launch on one SLS cargo flight • DST shakedown cruise by 2029 • DST supported by a mix of logistics Deep Space flights for both shakedown and Transport transit • Ability to support science objectives in cislunar space DST checkout in NRHO DSG:
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