Hind Wings of Selected Water Boatmens (Heteroptera
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ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Denisia Jahr/Year: 2006 Band/Volume: 0019 Autor(en)/Author(s): Petr Jan, Papacek Miroslav Artikel/Article: Hind wings of selected water boatmens (Heteroptera, Corixidae, Cymatiainae, Corixinae) from Central Europe 543-556 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Hind wings of selected water boatmens (Heteroptera, Corixidae, Cymatiainae, Corixinae) from Central Europe1 J. PETR & M. PAPÁCEKˇ Abstract: We studied the hind wing venation of twenty two species of water boatmen (Corixidae) from Central Europe. The patterns we found are compared and figured. Although the architecture of the hind wings of Cymatiainae and Corixinae is relatively uniform, we found interspecific differences in both characters and morphometrics among genera and subgenera. Differences between congeneric species are small. We found no distinct hind wing autapomorphies for genera and subgenera, but noted possible anagenetic trends for wing structure in these clades. We propose a reinterpretation of corixid hind wing venation linked to the hind wing morphology of the Hemineoptera. Key words: Central Europe, Corixidae, hind wing, venation. Introduction modest departures from her interpretations of wing venation in the Nepomorpha and The hind wings of Hemineoptera and Gerromoprha (POPOV 1971; PETR 1987; Endopterygota have been reduced through MAHNER 1993; PAPÁCEKˇ & PETR 1993). evolutionary time. Wings of many taxa have More recently however; the studies of HAAS lost most of their ancestral veinal branches & KUKALOVÁ-PECK (2001: fig. 16) and and cross-veins but, numerous fusion braces KUKALOVÁ-PECK & LAWRENCE (2004: fig. 2) and cross-vein braces have been added. posit a somewhat different interpretation Larger forewings have assumed the primary and homologize hind wing venation in the role in flight and the hind wings have been Hemineoptera + Endopterygota. The con- selected to contribute to a unitary flight sur- trasting views of Puchkova’s and Kukalová- face by mechanisms that couple the hind Peck et al. concerning corixid and hemineo- wings to the forewings (e.g. WOOTTON & pteran hind wings is presented in Table 1. KUKALOVÁ-PECK 2000; KUKALOVÁ-PECK & LAWRENCE 2004). Water bug (Nepomorpha) Nearly twenty years ago, PETR (1987) wings including the Corixidae conform to briefly studied hind wing venation in water these general evolutionary trends (see PA- bugs samples from the fauna of the former PÁCEKˇ & TRÍSKAˇ 1992). PUCHKOVA (1961, Czechoslovakia. However, this study was 1967) studied the hind wing morphology of based on single specimens or at most a few several aquatic and semiaquatic bugs and re- examples of each species and may not have ported that their hind wings are reduced in encompassed the full range of intraspecific many respects by comparison with homolo- variation. Consequently, we undertook this gous structures in other insects. She figured present study which is based on a larger the axillary region of the hind wing of Sigara number of specimens collected over an ex- striata (PUCHKOVA 1961: 83, fig.1) and of tended period of time representing each of Sigara linnaei (= Hesperocorixa linnaei) the species. This larger study was motivated (PUCHKOVA 1967: 125-126, figs 1.1, 2.2) to by three objectives: (i) report on possible in- exemplify her views. Later students of water tergeneric, intersubgeneric, and interspecif- bug morphology and phylogeny offer only ic differences of hind wing venation, (ii) Denisia 19, zugleich Kataloge der OÖ. Landesmuseen 1 This paper is dedicated to the eminent Austrian heteropterist Ernst Heiss on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Neue Serie 50 (2006), 543–556 543 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at create a schema for the hind wing venation men arrays that would permit such compar- of the most common Central European isons. The numbers of specimens examined species of Cymatiainae and Corixinae, and for each species are provided in Table 3. Due (iii) bring our synthesis of current knowl- to unequal sample size among species, col- edge to the reinterpretation of hind wing lection localities, and collecting date, we venation in the Nepomorpha. did not attempt to perform statistical analy- ses, but simply report ranges (minimum and maximum). Material and Methods Terminology, abbreviations and Species studied degree of sclerotization coding Our study included the most common Our terminology and reinterpretation of Central European species of Corixidae (see hind wing venation for the Hemineoptera e.g., JANSSON 1986, 1995; KMENT & SMÉKAL follows HAAS & KUKALOVÁ-PECK (2001) 2002; RABITSCH 2004; ZETTEL 1995) and and KUKALOVÁ-PECK & LAWRENCE (2004). some less common species that were reason- Abbreviations are explained in Fig. 1, Tab. 1 ably represented in our collections. All of and Tab. 3. “Rudiments of crossing veins“ the specimens we examined were macro- are abbreviated as “cv“ in the text. Our con- pterous. Table 2 gives a list of the species ex- vention for specimen orientation is as fol- amined for this study. lows: Anteriorally = toward the radial mar- gin of the wing; Posteriorally = toward the Method of examination anal margin of the wing. Wings’ axillary Both alcoholic and pinned specimens sclerites and veins exhibit different degrees were relaxed in hot water or glycerol and of sclerotization as evidenced by density and their hind wings removed. Wings were un- degree of pigmentation. We encoded this folded with the aid of insect pins and information in drawings as follows: blackish mounted on slides with glycerol or Euparal, = heavily sclerotized; gray = modestly scle- Merck. The mounted specimens were exam- rotized; and white = lightly sclerotized. ined and measured with a Leica MZ 9.5 Veins that are lightly sclerotized are repre- stereoscope and Olympus BX41 compound sented by broken lines; normally sclerotized microscope at magnifications of from 10x to veins are represented by solid lines. 200x. We paid special attention to folds and venation. Axillaria were not studied in de- Results tail. Seven characters were measured (Tab. 3, Fig. 1): hind wing “length“ (= bas-rema), Hind wing morphology of the examined hind wing “width“ (= rm-ana), two dis- species is illustrated in Figs 2-23. Morpho- tances on veins in remigial lobe of hind metric data as well as selected morphologi- wing (= Dis1, Dis2), and angles between cal characters are presented in Table 3. Be- wing folds and margins (= a1, a2, a3). low, we provide descriptions that emphasize diagnostic characters for species or higher Three indices were calculated as ratios taxa. using quantitative data: I1 is the ratio of body length to hind wing length; I2 is the Cymatiainae ratio of hisnd wing length to width and I3 is Cymatia (Figs 2-4). Wings triangular the ratio of Dis1 to Dis2. A microfilm read- (C. bonsdorffii) to trapezoidal. Terminal er (Documator, Carl Zeiss, Jena) and a cam- (distal) part of R+MA straight (C. bonsdorf- era lucida were employed to produce draw- fii), slightly (C. rogenhoferi) to distinctly (C. ings of wing structures. Right wings were fig- coleoptrata) concave. C. coleoptrata (Fig. 3) ured in dorsal view. The original drawings with relatively long wings and reduced ve- were scanned and finished for publication in nation (reduced veins: Rtb, CuAtb, AA4, Coreldraw 11. AP3+4). C. rogenhoferi (Fig. 4) with some- We occasionally looked for intraspecific, times indistinguishable icf, but with distinct intersexual, geographic and temporal differ- marginal incision. The presence of AA vein ences in hind wing venation among speci- of unclear origin situated anterior of AA3+4 544 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Figs 1-5: Hind wings of Cymatia and Glaenocorisa spp. (1) hind wing scheme including morphometrical characters measured (only R+M+CuA complex of veins illustrated, folds and other veins omitted): a1 - angle between fore (“radial“) margin of the wing and claval fold, a2 - angle between claval and anal fold, a3 - angle between anal fold and inner (“jugal“) margin of the wing, bas-rema - distance from the base of R+M to the apex of remigium (= length of the wing), Dis1 - distance from base of R+M to the branching of R, Dis2 - distance from the base of R+M to the branching of MP, rm-ana - distance from the radial (anterior) margin of the wing to the anojugal posterior apex (= width of the wing) (2) Cymatia bonsdorffii (3) Cymatia coleoptrata (4) Cymatia rogenhoferi (5) Glaenocorisa propinqua. 545 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at is a unique character for C. bonsdorffii (Fig. AA3+4 distally open. H. moesta (Fig. 12): 2) within the Cymatia spp. examined. In- Rtb convex, approximately the same length conspicuous and shallow marginal anojugal as CuAtb, MP branching slightly concave, incision present only in C. rogenhoferi. CuPcv reduced. H. sahlbergi (Fig. 13): pres- Small intraspecific variability of venation ence of minute posterior cv on CuAtb, MP was noted only in the reduction of AP3+4 branching distinctly concave, Rtb convex in C. coleoptrata. distinctly longer than CuAtb. Shallow ano- jugal marginal incision present in H. linnaei Corixinae and H. moesta, absent in H. castanea and H. Glaenocorisini sahlbergi. Small intraspecific variability was Glaenocorisa propinqua (Fig. 5). Wing noted in the reduction of AA4tb. distinctly trapezoidal, relatively long. Com- Paracorixa concinna (Fig. 8). Wing plex of axillary sclerites and basal part of trapezoidal. CuA posterodistal and AA3 an- AA3+4 (= Mediale 2 (Me2) sensu POPOV terodistal cv present. Anojugal marginal in- (1971); = anal anterior basivenale 3+4 cision absent. Only small intraspecific vari- (BA3+4) sensu HAAS & KUKALOVÁ-PECK ability in the reduction of AA4tb was not- (2001) and associated sclerites, and basal ed. part of AA3 + 4) distally distinctly broader than proximally. CuP without cv, AP3+4 Sigara (Microsigara) hellensii (Fig. 23). short, reduced. More or less without in- Wing trapezoidal. Relatively long and nar- traspecific variability. row. CuA with posterior cv, CuP with three cv (two anterior).