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Contents of BL, Cotton MS. Titus A. XXV, Ff. 94-105

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Contents of BL, Cotton MS. Titus A. XXV, Ff. 94-105 Forewarned and Forearmed: Contents of BL, Cotton MS. Titus A. XXV, ff. 94-105 M R Geldof The early catalogues of Sir Robert Cotton’s library were never comprehensive and later generations of keepers and cataloguers were content to use incomplete or vague descriptions for lesser works in succeeding catalogues.1 Until very recently, many of the Cotton volumes that did not attract much scholarly interest have been known only from those incomplete descriptions. This is particularly common for the many composite volumes assembled from unrelated booklets. British Library, Cotton MS. Titus A. XXV (hereafter Titus) is just such a volume. We know a great deal about the provenance of one item in this volume from the twelfth century (Annals of the Irish monastery of Boyle, ff. 2r-35v), and a partial copy of the Historia Regum Britanniae (ff. 106r-117v).2 But the fourth item in the volume, a paper gathering of twelve leaves, was described in the earliest catalogues as ‘versus quidam Latini, exesis et evanescentibus characteribus, in charta’; a certain verse in Latin, of worn and faded characters, on paper.3 This gathering is certainly a challenge for anyone to read as it is worn and soiled, having remained unbound for a considerable time. Its contents have not gone entirely unnoticed by scholars, but it has not been fully described previously. This brief article will go some way to fulfilling that need and in doing so, it will draw attention to a curious and subtly suggesting collection of mid- fifteenth century texts, some of which appears unique amongst late medieval English literature. The six items in Titus were collated and bound by the keepers of Sir Robert Cotton’s library before the first written description was made around 1639, although it lists only the annals of the monastery of Boyle.4 The next full description appeared in the catalogue of 1696, edited by Thomas Smith. It is from Smith that we have any description of ff. 94-105 and it is also the description attached to Titus, and until recently, it was the description found in the British Library automated catalogue.5 An improved description is still incomplete, as will be clear in the detailed description of the fourth booklet: 1 Colin G. C. Tite, The Early Records of Sir Robert Cotton’s Library (London, 2003); see also Colin G. C. Tite and James P. Carley, ‘Sir Robert Cotton as Collector of Manuscripts and the Question of Dismemberment: British Library MSS Royal 13 D. I and Cotton Otho D. VIII’, The Library, 6th Series, xiv, no. 2 (1992), pp. 94–9. 2 Martin A. Freeman, ‘The Annals in Cotton Titus A. XXV’, Revue Celtique, xli-xliv (1925-7), pp. 301–30, 283–305, 358–84, 336–61; H. L. D. Ward, Catalogue of Romances in the Department of Manuscripts, vol. i (London, 1883), p. 244; The volume has modern pencil foliation that begins with f. 2, the first leaf of the annals of Boyle, and this is continued through the fourth booklet, which is the numbering used in all recent citations of its content. 3 Thomas Smith (ed.), Catalogus Librorum Manuscriptorum Bibliothecae Cottonianae (Oxford, 1696), p. 124; see also Thomas Smith, Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Cottonian Library (Catalogus Librorum Manuscriptorum Bibliothecae Cottonianae) reprinted from Sir Robert Harley’s copy, annotated by Humfrey Wanley, togethe with documents relating to the fire of 1731, ed. C. G. C. Tite (Cambridge, 1984). Hooper’s 1777 catalogue repeats the descriptions from Smith, but since Hooper arranged the descriptions by topic, author, and source, the inconclusive content of item four is omitted; Sam Hooper, A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Cottonian Library to which are added Many Emendations and Additions with an Appendix Containing an Account of the Damage Sustained by the Fire in 1731... (London, 1777). 4 London, British Library, Additional MS. 36682, f. 201. 5 Smith, p. 124. 1 eBLJ 2014, Article 3 Forewarned and Forearmed: Contents of BL, Cotton MS. Titus A. XXV, ff. 94-105 ff. 2-35, Chronicle of Boyle Abbey, 13th c. ff. 36-71, John of Hildesheim, Historia trium regum, early 15th c.6 ff. 72-93, Ludolphus, De itinere (imperfect), mid-15th c.7 ff. 94-105, Prophesy of John of Bridlington, which is dated here to the second half of the 15th c.8 ff. 106-117, Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia regum Britannie (imperfect), from the late 13th to early 14th c. ff. 118-139, described only as ‘a collection of documents’ now, and in Smith as ‘Formulae obligationum, acquietantiarum, & testamentorum &c. Latine, & Gallice.’9 The first mention of this copy of the ersusV Propheciales, most commonly attributed to John of Bridlington, appeared in in Julia C. Crick’s catalogue of surviving manuscripts containing the Historia Regum Britannie.10 The Bridlington verse, originally composed in reference to Edward II in1349-50, appears in its earliest versions paired with a commentary composed by John Erghom in 1363-4 but in the Titus copy there is only the verse, and the chapter titles which are crammed into the margins.11 Because its political commentary was ‘couched in a dense carapace of obscure verbal and numerological symbolism’ it was easily adapted to other political contexts once the commentary was removed.12 Although there is no comprehensive hand-list other than the one included in Micheal Curley’s 1973 thesis, the Titus copy is not among them.13 Neither does it appear in later studies of Bridlington’s work by Curley and others. Crick correctly gives the extent of the Bridlington verses as ff. 94-104, and mentions some of the contents of the final leaf; ‘an extract from Urban V,Agni Dei’, and ‘verses and recipes in various hands in Latin and English.’14 Given that it took this long for the Bridlington text to come to the attention of scholars, it is perhaps no surprise that even Crick’s detailed description missed (or chose not to mention) two of the verses from f. 105r, each noted without reference to the others or the Bridlington text. R. H. Robbins transcribed a six-line verse in Middle English (f. 105v, transcribed below) for volume five of A Manual of the Writings in Middle English 1050-1500.15 One other item from f. 105rv, perhaps the most curious not only for its content and rarity but for its unintuitive inclusion 6 C. Horstmann (ed.), The Three Kings of Cologne (London, 1886). Described in Smith as ‘Fabulosus liber de tribus Regibus Coloniensibus, veteri lingua Anglicana’, p. 124. 7 G. A. Neumann (ed.), ‘Ludolphus de Sudheim: De Itinere Terre Sancte’, in Archives de l’Orient Latin, vol. ii (Paris, 1881). Smith: ‘Via nova diversarum regionum proprietatum declarativa, dispositio terrae sanctae, per Ludolphum, qui Palaestinam adiit, A.D. 1336, & per quinquennium ibi moratus est’, p. 124. 8 Thomas Wright (ed.), Political Poems and Songs Relating to English History Composed During the Period From the Accession of Edw. III to That of Ric. III (London, 1859), vol. i, pp. 123-215; Michael J. Curley, ‘Versus Propheciales, Prophecia Johannis Bridlingtoniensis (The Prophecy of John of Bridlington): an Edition’ (unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Chicago, 1973). 9 Smith, p. 124. 10 Julia C. Crick, The ‘Historia Regum Britannie ‘of Geoffrey of Monmouth, iii: A Supplementary Catalogue of Manuscripts (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 93-4. My thanks to the anonymous reviewer who pointed out this reference, somehow missed during the research for this paper. 11 On the poem, and its political context see P. Meyvaert, ‘John Erghome and the Vaticinium Roberti Bridlington’, Speculum, li (1966), pp. 656–64; Curley, ‘Versus Propheciales’, Michael J. Curley, ‘Fifteenth-Century Glosses on the Prophecy of John of Bridlington: A Text, its Meaning and its Purpose’, Mediaeval Studies, lvi (1984), pp. 321–39; A. G. Rigg, ‘John of Bridlington’s Prophecy: A New Look’, Speculum, lxiii (1988), pp. 596–613. 12 Rigg, ‘John of Bridlington’s Prophecy’, p. 596. 13 Curley, ‘Fifteenth-Century Glosses’. 14 Crick, A Supplementary Catalogue, pp. 93-4. This copy of Bridlington is also listed in Lesley A. Coote, Prophecy and Public Affairs in Later Medieval England (Woodbridge, 2000), p. 260. 15 Rossell Hope Robbins, ‘Poems Dealing with Contemporary Conditions’, in A Manual of the Writings in Middle English 1050-1500, vol. v (New Haven, CT, 1975), pp. 1385–1536. 2 eBLJ 2014, Article 3 Forewarned and Forearmed: Contents of BL, Cotton MS. Titus A. XXV, ff. 94-105 here, was actually the first item recognized and mentioned in print. A keen-eyed cataloguer at the British Museum noticed it while writing the description of another item, donated to the Museum in 1917. British Library, Additional MS. 39564 is a small vellum roll containing prose instruction on the use of the two-hand sword, which along with BL, Harley MS. 3542, ff. 82r-85r, and the twenty-two line text on f. 105rv of Titus represent the entirety of Middle English instruction in the use of personal arms.16 In all fairness to the earliest cataloguers of Titus, the poor condition of the text does make for a challenging read. The gathering is heavily soiled and the hand is a careless secretary, of questionable legibility, even under ideal circumstances. The booklet is a single gathering of twelve paper leaves in small quarto (11 x 20 cm) with a watermark in the style of a bull, similar, but not matched, to examples from German paper-makers active between 1430 and 1480.17 Based on the condition of the outer leaves, it likely spent a considerable time unbound and they are heavily soiled. Holes, now patched, have caused loss of text to the first four leaves and the last.
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