Pemikiran Politik Dan Kebijakan Tun Hussein Onn

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Pemikiran Politik Dan Kebijakan Tun Hussein Onn PEMIKIRAN POLITIK DAN KEBIJAKAN TUN HUSSEIN ONN Skripsi Diajukan kepada Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Syariah (S.Sy) Oleh: ALFIYAH BINTI MOHD RUSLAN NIM: 109045200021 K O N S E N T R A S I S I Y A S A H S Y A R I’ Y Y A H P R O G R A M S T U D I J I N A Y A H S I Y A S A H F A K U L T A S S Y A R I A H D A N H U K U M U N I V E R S I T A S I S L A M N E G E R I S Y A R I F H I D A Y A T U L L A H J A K A R T A 1432 H / 2011 M 1 LEMBAR PERNYATAAN Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa: 1. Skripsi ini merupakan hasil karya asli saya yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperloleh gelar Strata 1 (S1) di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Semua sumber yang saya gunakan dalam penulisan ini telah saya cantumkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Jika di kemudian hari terbukti bahwa karya ini bukan hasil karya asli saya atau merupakan hasil jiplakan dari karya orang lain, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Jakarta, 21 Januari 2011 M 16 Safar 1432 H Penulis, Alfiyah Binti Mohd Ruslan KATA PENGANTAR بِسْمِ اْهللِ الّْرَحْمنِالّْرَحِيْمِ Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadrat Allah Swt, Tuhan segenap alam karena dengan limpahan rahmat, nikmat, hidayah dan mahabbah-Nya ke seluruh alam sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan kewajiban penyusunan skripsi ini. Shalawat dan salam buat Khatimul Anbiya‟, junjungan besar Nabi Muhammad Saw, ahli keluarga baginda, para sahabat, tabi‟ tabi‟in serta seluruh pengikut baginda yang menyeru pada yang ma‟ruf dan mencegah pada yang mungkar demi mengharap keredhaan-Nya sampai akhir zaman, semoga mendapat kejayaan dan ganjaran di akhirat sana. Alhamdulillah berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya, akhirnya penulisan skripsi ini telah dapat diselesaikan dengan baik walaupun masih banyak kekurangannya. Penulis menyadari bahwa selesainya penulisan skripsi ini karena adanya pertolongan dan dukungan dari semua pihak. Ucapan terima kasih penulis sampaikan kepada: 1. Pihak pemimpin Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta yang telah mengizinkan penulis untuk menuntut ilmu di sini; 2. Kepada Negara Republik Indonesia yang telah memberi kebenaran dan izin kepada penulis untuk tinggal, mencari serta memperoleh ilmu yang sangat bermanfaat dan bernilai; 3. Prof. Dr. Komaruddin Hidayat, sebagai Rektor UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta; 4. Prof. Dr. H. Muhammad Amin Suma, SH, MA, MM. sebagai Dekan Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta; 5. Dr. Asmawi, M.Ag. dan Afwan Faizin, MA., sebagai Ketua dan Sekretaris Jurusan Jinayah Siyasah, dan juga kepada Ibu Sri Hidayati yang banyak memberikan bantuan, kemudahan administratif, bimbingan akademik sejak awal perkuliahan hingga penyelesaian skripsi ini; 6. Dr. Phil. Asep Saepuddin Jahar, MA., sebagai dosen pembimbing yang senantiasa memberikan petunjuk dan nasehat kepada penulis ke arah perfeksi penulisan, meluangkan waktu dan banyak memberi masukan hingga selasai skripsi ini; 7. Dr. Asmawi, M.Ag. dan Prof. Dr. Hj. Amany Burhanuddin Lubis, MA., sebagai dosen penguji seminar proposal dan juga banyak memberi bimbingan kepada penulis sepanjang proses perbaikan proposal; 8. Khamami Zada, MA. dan Masyrofah, S Ag., M Si, sebagai dosen penguji penulis yang telah banyak memberi komentar dan nasehat sepanjang proses sidang munaqashah dijalankan; 9. Seluruh dosen Kolej Universiti Darul Quran Islamiyyah (KUDQI) dan Institut Pengajian Al-Azhar (IPA) terutama Bapak Rektor Al-Fadhil Ustaz Mohd Zain bin Abd. Rahman, Ustaz Muhayyat bin H. Husin, H. Wan Ahmadul Badawi bin Wan Ibrahim dan Ustazah Hasanah Halin yang banyak memberikan sokongan dan dukungan moral sehingga penulis dapat meneruskan pengajian di bumi Indonesia; 9. Segenap dosen-dosen Syariah dan Hukum yang telah memberi petunjuk dan memberikan ilmu yang bermanfaat kepada diri penulis dan teman-teman seperjuangan selama menjalani perkuliahan di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta; 10. Para pemimpin dan staf Perpustakaan Umum dan Perpustakaan Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta; 11. Kedutaan Besar Malaysia di Indonesia atas pengawasan dan kebajikan yang mengambil alih peran dalam menjaga seluruh mahasiswa Malaysia di bumi Indonesia; 12. Keluarga tersayang Ayahanda Mohd Ruslan Abdullah dan Ibunda Maryam Abdullah yang sentiasa mendoakan kejayaan, merawat, mangasuh, mendidik serta memberikan dukungan moral dalam setiap langkah penulis; 13. Saudara/ri Norwatie, Rahmat Rusdin, Frankie Joe, Ahmad Shauqi, Nabila, dan adikku Khairul Amir serta Abang Jepin dan keponakanku Erra Jessica, Effa Sabrina, Dee Dorothy, Shelly Melissa dan Pripilia Ester (Agnes) serta kerabat-kerabat dari pihak ayahanda dan bondaku, 14. Insan tersayang, Mohamad Nasrullah bin Mohamad Zainudin dan keluarga yang banyak memberi dukungan peribadi; 15. Haji Akhbar bin Ibrahim dan keluarga yang banyak membantu dari sudut keuangan dan nasehat. 16. Ustaz Syed Muhammad al-Attas dan Ummi sekeluarga serta teman-teman semuanya. Terima kasih atas penjagaan kalian selama tujuh tahun di Madrasah Al-Khairiah. 17. Teman seperjuangan Azidah Ahmad Zaki, Dayang Syafiqah Mustafar, Rozilawatie Ismail, Rabiatul Adawiyyah Mamat, Noor Baayah Abu Bakar, NurFaizah Mohd Saad, Siti Hajar Halim, Siti Balqis Halim, Sahara Ali, Shaidah Othman, Khadijah Abd. Munir, Nur Najihah Ismail, AnNurul Hidayah Zudeena Kuek dan Syazwani Ahmad, Mohd Sabri Mamat, Mohd Rizuan Mohamad, Muhammad Ramadhan Subky, Muaz Abd Aziz, Muhammad Farid Azif, Muhamad Sukri Nayan, Muhamad Munir Ramlan, Mohd Zalani Junoh, Ahad Ukasyah Hassan, Mohd Azahari Roslan, Hanzalah Zolkefli, Muhammad Khalil Atan dan junior-junior penulis semuanya serta teman-teman yang sama-sama mencari ilmu di Republik Indonesia, baik dari Indonesia maupun warga Internasional Office. 18. Saudara Abd Karim Munthe dan Muhsin yang sudi meluangkan waktu untuk membantu penulis menterjemahkan skripsi ini: 19. Persatuan Kebangsaan Pelajar Malaysia di Indonesia (PKPMI), Malaysian Club UIN Jakarta (MCUJ) dan Kelab UMNO Jakarta Indonesia; 20. Kerajaan Malaysia dan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. 21. Semua pihak yang telah menghulur bantuan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung sepanjang penyusunan skripsi ini, semoga segala bantuan dan niat baik diterima sebagai amal shaleh di sisi Allah SWT. Amin. Akhirnya penulis menginsafi bahwa skripsi ini masih banyak kekurangan dan kelemahan, oleh karena itu kritikan dan saran yang konstruktif sangat diperlukan untuk perbaikan skripsi ini. Semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat sebagai karya ilmiah khususnya bagi penulis dan sekalian pembaca umumnya. Jakarta, 14 April 2011 M 10 Jumadil Awal 1432 H Penulis DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR..........................................................................................i DAFTAR ISI.........................................................................................................vi BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah..............................................................1 B. Pembatasan dan Perumusan Masalah.........................................6 C. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian....................................................6 D. Review Studi Terdahulu..............................................................7 E. Metode Penelitian........................................................................9 F. Sistematika Penulisan................................................................11 BAB II SOSIAL-POLITIK MALAYSIA SEBELUM DAN SETELAH KEMERDEKAAN 1957 A. Nasionalisme Malaysia.............................................................12 B. Partai Politik dan Demokrasi Malaysia.....................................20 C. Kebijakan Luar Negeri Malaysia..............................................29 BAB III TUN HUSSEIN ONN (1976-1981) A. Biografi Tun Hussein Onn.......................................................42 B. Asal Mula Keterlibatan Politik Tun Hussein Onn...................46 BAB IV PERAN DAN KONTRIBUSI TUN HUSSEIN ONN A. Kebijakan Ekonomi: Rancangan Malaysia Ketiga..................56 B. Kebijakan Sosial dan Politik....................................................62 C. Kebijakan Luar Negeri Malaysia............................................ 72 BAB V PENUTUP A. Kesimpulan..............................................................................75 B. Saran-Saran .............................................................................78 DAFTAR PUSTAKA...........................................................................................80 BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Pada umumnya, terdapat tiga kumpulan etnis utama yang membentuk masyarakat Malaysia yaitu Melayu, Cina dan India. Keberadaan tiga etnis ini serta berbagai etnis lainnya telah mewujudkan masyarakat majemuk di negara tersebut. Meskipun mereka tinggal di negara yang sama, namun ketiga etnis ini masih melestarikan identitas dan menggunakan adat budaya masing-masing. Maka dikarenakan setiap etnis masih setia terhadap adat budaya mereka, ia telah menimbulkan kesulitan untuk membentuk satu budaya dan persatuan bangsa di Malaysia.1 Semangat nasionalisme Malaya berawal dari kehadiran kekuatan asing ke Tanah Melayu. Tujuan utama kemunculan adalah hanya untuk menguasai kekayaan hasil bumi. Tetapi tujuan mereka berubah arah dan timbul keinginan untuk menguasai Tanah Melayu dari sudut politik, ekonomi dan sosial. Namun Inggris mulai mempengaruhi seluruh urusan administrasi
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