TOURISM INNOVATIONS an International Journal of Indian Tourism and Hospitality Congress (ITHC)
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Vol. 9, No. 1, February, 2019 Bi-Annual ISSN No. 2278-8379 TOURISM INNOVATIONS An International Journal of Indian Tourism and Hospitality Congress (ITHC) Chief Editors Prof. S P Bansal Vice Chancellor Indira Gandhi University Meerpur Rewari, Haryana Prof. Sandeep Kulshrestha Director Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management, (IITTM) Indian Tourism and Hospitality Congress www.tourismcongress.wordpress.com Tourism Innovations: An International Journal of Indian Tourism and Hospitality Congress (ITHC) Copyright : Indian Tourism and Hospitality Congress (ITHC) Reproduction in whole or in part, in any form without written permission is prohibited. ISSN : 2278-8379 VOLUME : 9 NUMBER : 1 Publication Schedule: Twice a year : February-August Disclaimer: The views expressed in the articles are those of the contributors and not necessarily to the editorial board and publisher. Authors are themselves responsible for any kind of Plagiarism found in their articles and any related issue. Claims and court cases only allowed within the jurisdiction of HP, India Published by: Bharti Publications in Association with Indian Tourism and Hospitality Congress (ITHC) All Correspondence Should be Address to : Managing Editor Tourism Innovations Bharti Publications 4819/24, 3rd Floor, Mathur Lane Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 Ph: 011-2324-7537 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.indiantourismcongress.org, www.tourismcongress.wordpress.com Editors Note “Research is to see what everybody else has seen and to think what nobody else has thought.” — Albert Szent-Gyorgyi We are delighted to announce the new issue of Tourism Innovations-the Journal of Indian Tourism and Hospitality Congress. It is truly a delightful moment to reflect the evolving issues of tourism with contemporary date, high excellence and original research papers together withsignificant and insightful reviews. This journal aims to be intellectually vibrant, engaging and open, and to the same time integrative and inspiring. Over the last few decades, Tourism studies has evolved highly disintegrated and concentrated into different theme capacities, or strengths. The academics consideration has resulted in the publications of hundreds of referred articles in media. nonetheless Tourism Innovationsis specifically devoted to evolving subjects in tourism and hospitality industry not only in India but all across the globe. Our special thanks to all the members of the Advisory Board and the reviewers who have endlessly helped and reinforced in many ways and have given their valuable time and other commitments. Lastly, our heartiest gratitude to all the contributors for their solid support for research creativities, and all the readers who have continuously shown their interest in the concerned journal. We look forward to accept your manuscripts and fruitful response for more developments. Chief Editors Prof. S.P. Bansal Prof. Sandeep Kulshrestha Guest Editorial Contemporary Tourism and its Changing Paradigm G. G. Saxena Who had imagined in the last decade that the by ITHC and UET, Italy, had analysed all factors travelers will start giving preference for stay in and found that the concept of ‘earning foreign Bed and Breakfast accommodations/Homestays exchange per tourist’ in a country may be a and such service providers like BnBNation, preferable criterion as this concept may reduce AirBnB, etc. will become such big companies! number of incoming tourists with same earnings Slowly and steadily the traveling trend has while there will be lesser adverse effect on changed. Yes, the tourism trend that started with environment. In India, an average stay of a Tirthatan, Deshatatan and then Paryatan has been foreign tourist is about 21 days and their per- evolving rapidly! In the last 20-30 years, the day expenditure is approximately US$ 120 while tourism has changed the economy of countries ‘Expenditure per Tourist’ in India is US$ 2618. with negligible contribution of tourism earlier to As against this, Spain which receives maximum 10.4% contribution of tourism in countries’ total number of tourists across the world gets US$ GDP [WTC figures]. If we look at the Tourism’s 824 as ‘Expenditure per Tourist’ despite the fact contribution to the country’s employment has also that cost of living in Spain is very high. The increased exponentially from insignificant figure reason could be that duration of stay of each to 9.9% now. [WTTC the Economic Impact of tourist may be very short. Travel and Tourism, March 2018]. Understandably, Today, development of tourism is based on countries are now looking for ways to increase various factors like source of origin of incoming domestic and foreign tourist arrival. The scenario tourist, mode of arrival, destination and effect is changing fast with such a pace that the on environment at destination etc. Composite competition for attracting more and more tourists study of all such cutting-edge factors is a burning has become order of the day for countries’ topic of research called, ‘Contemporary Tourism’. governments as well as its private players. This term is not well defined in textbooks but World Economic Forum / World Bank / UNWTO, changing the trend of tourism from original UNWTC and large number of international, national geography could be well understood in the & local organisations are in the process of evolving following way: methods for bringing more prosperity through “Contemporary Tourism is presently the most tourism. Goal of every country is to connect relevant topic of study and implementation community with tourism benefits by way of globally. “ Let us delve deeper into the 4 prosperity and employment generation. components of Contemporary Tourism: Tourism falls in tertiary sector and is considered to be the highest employment generator. If figures 1. Source of origin of Indian Government sources are to be believed, 2. Route an investment of INR 1 million generates 18, 45 3. Destination and 78 jobs in agriculture, manufacturing and 4. Environment tourism sector respectively. World Economic All the above-mentioned four components are Forum has evolved ‘Travel and Tourism important in ensuring tourist movement from Competitiveness Index’ based on 14 parameters place of origin to destination as discussed in which may affect tourism arrival in a country. details by Chis Cooper and C. Michael Hall in The author, in one of the research articles on their book on the subject. Let us understand ‘Prospects of Tourism in South Asia’, presented the progress and innovations in understanding in an International Tourism Conference organised various components of ‘Contemporary Tourism’. Description of first three components also includes 3. Destination and its Environment the fourth component of environment pertinent The experience gained by a traveler at a to these components. destination matters a lot and helps generate 1. Source of origin and its Environment corresponding word of mouth publicity. A traveler coming for religious purpose may not As far as “Travelers’ place of origin” is concerned, be ‘high end’ than travelers coming to enjoy it could be visualized that every country is in nature or cultural heritage or do yoga or similar process of increasing income and employment other attractions at destination. In Developed through tourism is in search of those travelers countries, efforts are being made by operators who belong to “High-end category” which to enhance “attractions” for travelers. On the means they spend more at the place of destination other hand, India and other developing countries and stay longer. Indian hosts prefer French, are far behind in this approach. For example, if Japanese, Chinese and American tourists as they we consider 7-8 million travelers visiting Taj are treated as high-end as compared to tourists Mahal annually, it is observed that most of them coming from Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Israel finish the visit after clicking pictures and selfies. etc. Some developed countries exercise There is neither benefit for community nor discrimination in granting visa to travelers coming immersive experience for travelers. Had there from under-developed countries. So, the been immersive experience for travelers, the local environment at the place of origin may be community, too, would have been benefitted important for tourists as well as the hosts. by longer stay of travelers. For, extended stay Tourists coming from Australia belong to would have ensured more purchases of local millennium category and are interested in items, spending on eatables etc. at destination romantic places at destination. Tourists from resulting into ‘local area development’. landlocked countries prefer to visit destinations with sea beaches. Elderly tourists choose to visit Community at Place of Destination monuments and cultural places at the destination. Taking a cue from above description, a fifth 2. Route and its Environment dimension of “Contemporary tourism” may be It is observed that even “Contemporary tourism” added as ‘community at place of destination’ fails to give ‘Route’ its due importance globally. because prosperity of community is not yet given Tourism from places of origin to destination is adequate importance in most of the developing presently dependent upon availability of countries including in India. As per my traditional resources i.e. by air, train or bus. understanding, ‘environment’ interpreted herein However some innovative steps are being taken does not address human aspect