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1 Informe Final Del Eps Carnet: 2009-10829 Ref. Eps. Qb FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS Y FARMACIA PROGRAMA DE EXPERIENCIAS DOCENTES CON LA COMUNIDAD -EDC- SUBPROGRAMA DEL EJERCICIO PROFESIONAL SUPERVISADO -EPS- INFORME FINAL DEL EPS REALIZADO EN HOSPITAL GENERAL SAN JUAN DE DIOS- ÁREA DE MICROBIOLOGÍA Y TUBERCULOSIS DURANTE EL PERÍODO COMPRENDIDO DEL 02 DE ENERO DEL 2,014 AL 04 DE JULIO DEL 2,014 PRESENTADO POR SARA ESTER BARILLAS ARAGÓN CARNET: 2009-10829 ESTUDIANTE DE LA CARRERA DE QUÍMICA BIOLÓGICA GUATEMALA, ENERO DEL 2,014 REF. EPS. QB 1 ÍNDICE I. Íntroducción....................................................................................................................................... 5 II. Antecedentes .................................................................................................................................... 6 A. Información geográfica e histórica ............................................................................................ 6 B. Autoridades .................................................................................................................................. 6 C. Datos demográficos y socioeconómicos de la población ...................................................... 6 D. Indicadores de salud de la población ....................................................................................... 7 E. Oferta y demanda de los servicios de laboratorio en la población ....................................... 7 F. Abastecimiento de los suministros ............................................................................................ 7 G. Buenas prácticas de laboratorio ................................................................................................ 7 H. Espacio físico ............................................................................................................................... 7 I. Materiales y reactivos ................................................................................................................. 8 J. Equipo ........................................................................................................................................... 8 K. Recurso humano ......................................................................................................................... 8 L. Bioseguridad ................................................................................................................................ 8 M. Procedimiento de registro .......................................................................................................... 9 N. Vigilancia epidemiológica ........................................................................................................... 9 O. Actividades de docencia ............................................................................................................. 9 P. Manejo de desechos ................................................................................................................... 9 III. Servicio ........................................................................................................................................ 10 A. Objetivo general......................................................................................................................... 10 B. Objetivos específicos ................................................................................................................ 10 C. Actividades realizadas .............................................................................................................. 10 C. 1 Área de Microbiología ........................................................................................................... 10 C.2 Área de Tuberculosis y Hongos ........................................................................................... 13 D. Presentación de resultados...................................................................................................... 14 E. Discusión de resultados ........................................................................................................... 22 F. Conclusiones ................................................................................................................................. 23 G. Recomendaciones ........................................................................................................................ 24 IV. Docencia ...................................................................................................................................... 25 A. Objetivo general ............................................................................................................................ 25 2 B. Objetivos específicos .................................................................................................................... 25 C. Actividades realizadas .................................................................................................................. 25 C.1 Capacitación a estudiantes de medicina ............................................................................. 25 C.2 Área de Microbiología............................................................................................................. 25 C.3 Área de Tuberculosis y hongos ............................................................................................. 26 D. Presentación de resultados ......................................................................................................... 27 E. Discusión de resultados ............................................................................................................... 29 F. Conclusiones .................................................................................................................................. 29 G. Recomendaciones ........................................................................................................................ 29 V. Investigación ................................................................................................................................... 30 Frecuencia y posibles causas de aislamiento de cepas multirresistentes de Klebsiella pneumoniae en hemocultivos de pacientes pediátricos del Hospital General San Juan de Dios en el período comprendido de Enero a Junio 2014 .......................................................................... 30 Resumen ............................................................................................................................................. 30 Introducción ........................................................................................................................................ 32 Marco Teórico-Referencial ................................................................................................................ 32 Generalidades de KPN .................................................................................................................. 32 Resistencia antibiótica ................................................................................................................... 34 Factores asociados a la septicemia ............................................................................................. 36 Neumonia ................................................................................................................................ 36 Sepsis asociada a catéter ..................................................................................................... 37 Disfunción intestinal ............................................................................................................... 37 Tratamiento ..................................................................................................................................... 38 Prevención y vigilancia epidemiológica ....................................................................................... 38 Justificación ........................................................................................................................................ 39 Objetivos.............................................................................................................................................. 40 Generales ........................................................................................................................................ 40 Específicos ...................................................................................................................................... 40 Aspectos metodológicos ................................................................................................................... 40 Tipo de estudio ............................................................................................................................... 40 Población ......................................................................................................................................... 40 Selección y tamaño de muestra ................................................................................................... 40 3 Unidad de análisis .......................................................................................................................... 41 Criterios de inclusión...................................................................................................................... 41 Criterios de exclusión .................................................................................................................... 41 Variables estudiadas
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