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Seeking the Self

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Seeking the Self Chapter 4: Seeking the Self from Sociology: Looking through the Window of the World by Adrian Rapp and Lynda Dodgen | 7th Edition | ISBN: 978-1-4652-4875-6 Property of Kendall Hunt Publishing Seeking the Self 4 Image Copyright Jason Stitt, 2008. Used under license from Shutterstock, Inc. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 1. What is socialization? 2. What are the functions of socialization? 3. What are the socialization processes? 4. What is the nature versus nurture debate? 5. What impact does biological inheritance have on socialization? 6. What are the social factors in the socialization process? 7. What is self-concept? 8. What is the sociological perspective of the self or me? 9. What is anticipatory socialization? 10. What is adult socialization? 11. What are the differences between adult and childhood socialization? 12. What is resocialization? 13. What are the agencies of socialization? Chapter 4: Seeking the Self from Sociology: Looking through the Window of the World by Adrian Rapp and Lynda Dodgen | 7th Edition | ISBN: 978-1-4652-4875-6 Property of Kendall Hunt Publishing KEY TERMS adult socialization: the socialization occurring during the adult marker event: an event that dramatically alters an individual’s life years or thought patterns agencies of socialization: the groups and institutions which have modal personality: a personality type characteristic of the an influence on socialization members of a culture anticipatory socialization: the learning of skills and values nature versus nurture: a long-standing debate over whether needed for future roles personality results from genetic basis or socialization attachment theory: theory by John Bowlby stressing the human resocialization: the unlearning and relearning, basic and rapid need for bonding change within the self concept bonding: the process of meeting human emotional needs role-taking: the process whereby we learn the norms necessary to dramaturgical approach: the analysis of interaction based on perform a role learning scripts and acting out the roles in the different stages self-concept: that personality component which helps us to of life understand who we are, what we are worth, and even where we face-work: the striving to maintain the proper image in social are going interaction significant other: the specific person in our social environment feral child: a child raised in isolation whose approval and affection are very important to us generalized other: the term for generally held beliefs, attitudes, socialization: the process by which we internalize our culture viewpoints and expectations of society as a whole sociobiology: the systematic study of the biological basis of social impression management: an individual’s effort to try to guide and behavior control impressions other people form total institutions: a highly controlled social environment looking-glass self: the self as the product of our interaction with other people KEY PEOPLE John Bowlby, Orville Brime, Charles Cooley, Kingsley Davis, Irving Goffman, Harry Harlow, Marvin Harris, Daniel Levinson, George Herbert Mead, Wilburt Moore, Rene Spitz, Edward Wilson 54 n Sociology: Looking through the Window of the World Chapter 4: Seeking the Self from Sociology: Looking through the Window of the World by Adrian Rapp and Lynda Dodgen | 7th Edition | ISBN: 978-1-4652-4875-6 Property of Kendall Hunt Publishing WHAT IS SOCIALIZATION? n Quick Glance fter approximately a nine-month incubation period, we arrive into the world as a The socialization process screaming blob of protoplasm. We scream all night, we sleep most of the day, we A is always perfect. T F have thin white stuff put in a cavity at the front and either regurgitate it out the same The socialization process cavity or make a mess at the other end of a long muscular tube. Some way or another does not have identifiable we have to get this little organism to realize that we sleep during the night, we do not outcomes. T F throw up all over near adult organisms and bodily wastes can only be put in certain The norms for living in a given culture are learned places. The process by which the organism learns these rules, or norms, is through the during the socialization process of socialization. Socialization is that process whereby we learn to live in a par- process. T F ticular culture. It is during the socialization process that we learn the attitudes, norms, Through socialization values and behaviors that are necessary to function in our respective culture. The so- a society maintains cialization process has at least two identifiable outcomes: cultural integrity. T F 1. It is during the socialization process that sociologists assert that we create human be- ings. It is during this socialization process that humans develop the capacity and skills to think, love and communicate. 2. It is the socialization process that is the means by which a society is maintained. Through the socialization process, individuals learn the culture in which they were born or to which they immigrated. It is only through this very important process that a society is able to maintain itself from one generation to another. When discussing the socialization process, the tendency is to see it as a perfect pro- cess. However, the socialization process is not always a perfect one. On any given day, our local radio, television, printed news and the Internet will offer us numerous indica- I want to be able as days tions that there are individuals who exist in our society who have not totally learned the go by, always to look norms. Unfortunately, the United States, and other cultures as well, has adults who myself straight in the eye. physically, sexually and psychologically abuse their children; spouses physically and Edgar A. Guest psychologically mistreat each other; and people commit robberies, assaults and other crimes. WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF SOCIALIZATION? Through the socialization process the child will master the major elements of his/her culture: 1. The child will learn the language of the culture. Not only will the child learn the Thinking Sociology written and spoken language, but he/she will also learn the body language or What happens to individuals who are not nonverbal language. properly socialized? 2. The child will enter a network of social relationships as he/she learns to live in the re- spective culture. He/she will learn how to get along with others in his/her cul- ture. If I am a Yanomamo male, I will learn to be fierce; if I am a Zuni male, I will learn to be very cooperative. 3. The child will learn the norms of her/his society. In the United States’ culture, she/ he will learn to eat with a knife, fork and spoon rather than with fingers or chopsticks. 4. The child will determine what should be his/her goals and ambitions. Through so- cialization we teach the child what is worth achieving. Let us share with you Thinking Sociology several examples. We might teach our children that some of their goals include How does genetics and nurture influence each of the obtaining a good job and family. These were some of the goals taught in my functions of socialization? family. I was to get a good education so that I could get a good job. I needed a good job because I expected to marry and have children; I would need to help Chapter 4: Seeking the Self n 55 Chapter 4: Seeking the Self from Sociology: Looking through the Window of the World by Adrian Rapp and Lynda Dodgen | 7th Edition | ISBN: 978-1-4652-4875-6 Property of Kendall Hunt Publishing Children are likely to support a family. Marrying, having children, getting an education and obtain- live up to what you ing a good job are important goals in the United States’ culture. We frequently believe of them. teach our children to be competitive and high achievers; these are also goals. If Lady Bird Johnson I were a Coahuiltecan Native American of South Texas, I would have taught my children not how to be competitive and get a good education, but, rather, how to be top notch fisherpersons, hunters and gatherers. Rather than stressing competition, I would have emphasized cooperation. 5. The child will master technological skills needed to operate within the culture. I learned, for example, how to drive a car and how to use a computer. If I am an n Quick Glance Amish girl, I shall learn how to can fruits and vegetables and make and design Learning language is not quilts. part of the socialization 6. The child will need to become familiar with the territory of his/her culture. I need to process. T F A child determines know as a female that I do not go into the men’s restroom at a football game; I her/his own goals. T F learn that I do not laugh outrageously at a funeral or act somber at a wedding. Socialization is the same as learning. T F Socialization occurs only WHAT ARE THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESSES? through role models. T F Socialization is an Socialization does not take place innately but rather is learned through several different innate process. T F social processes: Explicit instruction is an important means of 1. Explicit instruction is an important means for socializing the child. Teachers, reli- socialization. T F gious leaders and parents use this technique. For example, I had my daughter Socialization can only occur through watch my hands in order to show the motions of crocheting an afghan and innovation. T F gave her verbal instructions on how to turn on the ignition switch and turn the lights on in the car. 2. Socialization can take place through conditioning. If I associate a reward with a be- havior, I shall continue with that behavior; if I am punished, I might stop the particular behavior.
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