DOCSLIB.ORG

Sudan Profile

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sudan Profile Thai Trade Center CAIRO Sudan Profile Location North-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea. At the top left, the capital city of Sudan, Khartoum, is located at the convergence of the Blue Nile and the White Nile. Although the Blue Nile is much shorter than the White Nile, it contributes about 80% of the flow of the river. The Dahlak Archipelago is seen off the Red Sea coast of Eritrea. Because of their isolation, the numerous coral reefs of the Dahlak Archipelago are some of the most pristine in the world. North of the Rift Valley, in central Ethiopia, are the Simien Mountains and Lake Tana. Lake Tana is the source of the Blue Nile. Photo courtesy of NASA. Basic Information ormation . Country name: Sudan . Capital: Khartoum . Population: 37,345,935 (July 2017 est.) . Population growth rate: 1.64% (2017 est.) . Total area: 1,861,484 sq km . Government Type : presidential republic . Independence: 1 January 1956 from Egypt and UK . Chief of state: President Umar Hassan Ahmad Albashir (since 16 October 1993) . First Vice President & Prime Minister: Bakti Hassan Salih . Second Vice President: Hasabu Mohamed Abdel Rrahmin . Note - the president is both chief of state and head of government . Ethnic Groups: Sudanese Arab (approximately 70%), Fur, Beja, Nuba, Fallata Languages : Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur . Religions : Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority Population Pyramid A population pyramidormation illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab. History Sudan has its darkest years in history during its two civil wars starting after it gained independence from Egypt and United Kingdom in 1956 up to 1972, and from 1983 to 2005, and the Darfur rebellion in 2003 two years before the second civil war was to be resolved. The first civil war that is more than 16 years involved ethnic, religious and economic conflicts between the Northern Sudanese people of Arab and Nubian origins and the Christians and animist Nilotes of Southern Sudan. The first war left thousands of innocent civilians either killed or wounded. The 21-year second civil war attended by violence, famine and disease killed more than two million people, displaced four million others, and forced 600,000 to seek refuge in immediate neighbor countries. The armed conflict in Darfur in the Western region is led by two rebel groups—the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM)—and has killed 70,000 civilians, has displaced two million people and forced 250,000 more to flee to refugee camps in Chad. Sudan President Omar al-Bashir has been accused of war crimes and masterminding genocide in both the 21-year civil strife and the Darfur violence but which he has denied. He has a standing arrest warrant issued by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in July 2008 in connection with the deadly incidents. A self- appointed President since leading a successful coup in 1989, he won two presidential elections in 1996 and 2010, with the last election being questioned by activists and an international crisis group for intimidation and gerrymandering activities by his ruling party. Economy Sudan’s economic freedom score is 49.4, making its economy the 161st freest in the 2018 Index. Its overall score has increased by 0.6 point, with improvements in labor freedom and trade freedom offsetting a steep decline in investment freedom. Sudan is ranked 37th among 47 countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa region, and its overall score is below the regional and world averages. The 2018 Index marks the second year of resumed grading of Sudan’s economic freedom after years of protracted social conflict and civil war that undermined investor confidence. The petroleum sector provides some economic stability, but other sectors of the economy face serious structural and institutional deficiencies. Greater fiscal constraints may reduce future financial support from the Gulf Arab states. Poor governance, weak rule of law, rigid labor markets, and an inefficient regulatory regime have impeded economic diversification and created a large informal economy. Economic Indicators Natural Resources 2017(est.) 2016 (est.) 2015 (est.) Petroleum; small GDP (purchasing power parity): bn. $186.8 bn. $ 180.1 bn. $ 174.7 reserves of iron, copper, GDP - real growth rate: 3.7 % 3.1 % 4.9 % chromium ore, zinc, GDP - per capita (PPP): $ 4,600 $ 4,500 $ 4,500 tungsten, mica, silver, Gross national saving of GDP: 12.1% 11.5% 9.1% gold; . Exports . Export Partners $3.808 billion (2017 est.) UAE 42.9%, Saudi Arabia $3.094 billion (2016 est.) 19.5%, Egypt 15.9% (2017) . Exports - commodities gold; oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, peanuts, gum Arabic, sugar . Imports . Imports - partners: $8.649 billion (2017 est.) UAE 15.4%, India 11.2%, $7.325 billion (2016 est.) Egypt 10.4%, . Imports - commodities Saudi Arabia 9.2%, foodstuffs, Turkey 8.9%, Japan 5% manufactured goods, (2016) refinery and transport equipment, medicines, chemicals, textiles, wheat Crude Oil in Sudan . Crude oil - production: 104,900 bbl/day (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 43 . Crude oil - exports:152,100 bbl/day (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 34 . Crude oil - imports:0 bbl/day (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 192 . Crude oil - proved reserves: 5 billion bbl (1 January 2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 24 . Refined petroleum products - production: 89,300 bbl/day (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 70 . Refined petroleum products - consumption: 110,000 bbl/day (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 78 . Refined petroleum products - exports: 7,396 bbl/day (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 88 . Refined petroleum products - imports: 23,920 bbl/day (2014 est.) . Inflation Rate 6.9% (2017 est.), 17.8% (2016 est.) Labor force: 11.92 million (2007 est.) Current account balance $-2.317 billion (2017 est.) $-5.126 billion (2016 est.) . Unemployment Rate 19.6% (2017 est.) 20.6% (2016 est.) Trade Relation with Thailand ● Total Exports to Sudan ● Total Imports from Sudan ● Total Thai Exports to Sudan 2017 $ 71,018,273 ● Total Thai Imports From Sudan 2017 $ 1,115,621 ● Total Thai Exports to Sudan 2016 $ 57,520,800 ● Total Thai Imports From Sudan 2016 $ 2,305,587 ● Total Thai Exports to Sudan 2015 $ 283,403,085 ● Total Thai Imports From Sudan 2015 $ 938,578 Major exported products: Vehicles , Major imported products: lead., Lac ; natural gums, uclear reactors, boilers, . Sugar and confectionery ,Rubber, Raw hides and skins, Other live animals, Turbo-jets Inorganic chemical Politics The government of Sudan gave its blessing for an independent South Sudan, where the mainly Christian and Animist people had for decades been struggling against rule by the Arab Muslim north. However, various outstanding issues - especially the question of shared oil revenues and border demarcation - have continued to create tensions between the two successor states. Sudan has long been beset by conflict. Two rounds of north- south civil war cost the lives of 1.5 million people, and a continuing conflict in the western region of Darfur has driven two million people from their homes and killed more than 200,000. Omar Hassan al-Bashir has ruled with an iron fist for more than 25 years. He come to power in a coup in 1989 and was elected president in 1996. He was re-elected several times since, most recently in 2015 when he gained another five-year term. Most opposition parties boycotted the vote. Mr Bashir faces two international arrest warrants - issued by the International Criminal Court in The Hague - on charges of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Political Parties Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Jalal al-DIGAIR] Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI] Federal Umma Party [Dr. Ahmed Babikir NAHAR] Muslim Brotherhood or MB National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR] National Umma Party or NUP [Saddiq al-MAHDI] Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI] Reform Movement Now [Dr. Ghazi Salahuddin al-ATABANI] Sudan National Front [Ali Mahmud HASANAYN] Sudanese Communist Party or SCP [Mohammed Moktar Al- KHATEEB] Sudanese Congress Party or SCoP [Ibrahim Al-SHEIKH] Umma Party for Reform and Development Unionist Movement Party or UMP VAT All imports to Sudan are subject to VAT with 10% except the following products. (1) Agricultural inputs (seeds, fertilizers, and presticides) (2) Cultural inputs papers for printing News papers of magazines and printing equipment’s. (3) Capital goods Visas Visitors to Sudan must obtain a visa from one of the Sudanese diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries. All visitors must hold passports valid for a minimum of 6 months from the arrival date. Travel Tips No alcohol, no music, no party Yes, this is a full-on Sharia State and anything which resembles abundance, entertainment, or fun is forbidden. As opposed to most other countries in the Middle East where shopping malls offer the only form of passing time Sudan does not have anything like that. There are no activities, no international brands, no ways to keep busy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sudan: Freedom in the World 2020
    4/8/2020 Sudan | Freedom House FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2020 Sudan 12 NOT FREE /100 Political Rights 2 /40 Civil Liberties 10 /60 LAST YEAR'S SCORE & STATUS 7 /100 Not Free Global freedom statuses are calculated on a weighted scale. See the methodology. https://freedomhouse.org/country/sudan/freedom-world/2020 1/24 4/8/2020 Sudan | Freedom House Overview The military leaders and civilian protesters who ousted the repressive regime of Omar al-Bashir and his National Congress Party (NCP) in 2019 are uneasy partners in a transitional government that—if successful—will be replaced by an elected government in 2022. Civic space is slowly opening to individuals and opposition parties, but security personnel associated with the abuses of old regime remain influential, and their commitment to political freedoms and civil liberties is unclear. Key Developments in 2019 President Omar al-Bashir, who came to power in a coup d’état in 1989, was overthrown by the military in April, after a protest movement beginning in December 2018 placed growing pressure on the government. The military initially attempted to rule without the input of civilian protesters, who originally demonstrated against rising commodity prices and pervasive economic hardship before calling for al-Bashir’s resignation as the year opened. Security forces killed 127 protesters in the capital of Khartoum in June, sparking a backlash that forced the short-lived junta to include civilian leaders in a new transitional government as part of a power-sharing agreement reached in August. Al-Bashir was arrested by the military junta and charged with corruption by the succeeding transitional government in August.
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan 2020 Human Rights Report
    SUDAN 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sudan’s civilian-led transitional government, installed in August 2019, is led by Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok, who heads the Council of Ministers. There is also a Sovereign Council led by Abdel Fatah al-Burhan, who is one of the five military members, as well as six civilians. The Transitional Legislative Council had not been formed as of year’s end. Under the constitutional declaration signed in August 2019, general elections were scheduled for 2022, but following the signing of the Juba Peace Agreement on October 3, they were postponed to 2024. Under the civilian-led transitional government, responsibility for internal security resides with the Ministry of Interior, which oversees police agencies as well as the Ministry of Defense and the General Intelligence Service. Ministry of Interior police agencies include the security police, special forces police, traffic police, and the combat-trained Central Reserve Police. There is a police presence throughout the country. The General Intelligence Service’s mandate changed from protecting national security and during the year was limited to gathering, analyzing, and submitting information to other security services. The Ministry of Defense has a mandate to oversee all elements of the Sudanese Armed Forces, including the Rapid Support Forces, Border Guards, and defense and military intelligence units. During the year the police infrastructure was largely moved under executive authority to assure it would adhere to its mandate to protect individuals and enforce the laws. Civilian authorities’ control of security forces continued to improve. Nevertheless, members of the security forces committed some abuses.
    [Show full text]
  • Statement of the Sudanese Civil Society Initiative, 4 February 2009
    Sudanese Civil Society Initiative An Urgent Call for a Conference to Address the Current Crisis: Seizing the Final Opportunity or Allowing Further Chaos? February 4th 2009 We, the undersigned below members of Sudanese civil society, media, and actors in the public domain, have been in consultations since the presentation of charges by the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court against His Excellency the President of the Republic of Sudan. The announcement of these charges and the various official reactions to it has generated confusion and uncertainty about Sudan’s political future. We believe there is an urgent need to engage civic and political leaders, including the two parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), to discuss the current crisis facing Sudan. To this end, we are calling for a conference to discuss the situation holistically, and with the participation and representation of key Sudanese civic and political forces and regional and international stakeholders who are directly contributing to peace, justice and democracy in Sudan. The proposed conference is a response to many of our concerns about the direction Sudan is heading at this critical crossroads, just two years before the CPA interim period will expire. The reactions of the government authorities, represented by the senior ruling party, National Congress Party (NCP), to the ICC charges are only deepening the crisis and jeopardizing the rights of Sudanese people. The Interim National Constitution, particularly the second Chapter on the basic rights and freedoms, is not being implemented. And there has yet to be a genuine peace process for Darfur that addresses the rights of Darfurians and brings them justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Excessive and Deadly the Use of Force, Arbitrary Detention and Torture Against
    EXCESSIVE AND DEADLY THE USE OF FORCE, ARBITRARY DETENTION AND TORTURE AGAINST PROTESTERS IN SUDAN Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. ACJPS works to monitor and promote respect for human rights and legal reform in Sudan. ACJPS has a vision of a Sudan where all people can live and prosper free from fear and in a state committed to justice, equality and peace. ACJPS has offices in the US, UK, and Uganda. First published in 2014 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom ©Amnesty International 2014 Index: AFR 54/020/2014 English Original language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan Brief December 2019
    NUMBER 63 SUDAN BRIEF DECEMBER 2019 Sudan’s popular uprising and the demise of Islamism1 In December 2018, a peaceful popular uprising erupted in Sudan which led to the downfall of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019. The thirty-year authoritarian rule by the Islamist National Congress Party (NCP) thereby came to an end. Last month, a new law AUTHOR officially dissolved the NCP which was a key demand of the Munzoul A. M. Assal University of Khartoum popular protest moment. SUDAN BRIEF 2019:03 This Sudan Brief is concerned with the fractionalization of Islamism during Bashir’s rule (1989-2019). It does not focus on the details of Bashir’s brutal rule, rather, it is about the emerging disunity from within which eventually led to the removal of Bashir from power. I analyze factors that led to the Islamists adopting a more pragmatic stand, especially after the main ideologue of the Islamist movement was kicked out into the cold in 1999. The Brief argues that although the Islamists have successfully created a parallel or deep state the last three decades, the political shift of power away from the Islamists which the 2018 popular uprising represent, makes the political future of Islamism bleak. Loss of social sympathy The recent protests were fore fronted by young coming third in the elections and forming part of women and men who were born and raised during the coalition government of Sadiq el-Mahdi. While Islamist authoritarianism. This was in and of the NIF used the transitional period to reinforce itself seen as a crushing defeat of the Islamists’ its position, the multiparty democracy provided ideological project and thus represent a bleak future them with yet another chance to build and further for political Islam in Sudan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fall of Al-Bashir: Mapping Contestation Forces in Sudan
    Bawader, 12th April 2019 The Fall of al-Bashir: Mapping Contestation Forces in Sudan → Magdi El-Gizouli Protests in Khartoum calling for regime change © EPA-EFE/STR What is the Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA) anyway, perplexed commentators and news anchors on Sudan’s government-aligned television channels asked repetitively as if bound by a spell? An anchor on the BBC Arabic Channel described the SPA as “mysterious” and “bewildering”. Most were asking about the apparently unfathomable body that has taken the Sudanese political scene by surprise since December 2018 when the ongoing wave of popular protests against President Omar al-Bashir’s 30-year authoritarian rule began. The initial spark of protests came from Atbara, a dusty town pressed between the Nile and the desert some 350km north of the capital, Khartoum. A crowd of school pupils, market labourers and university students raged against the government in response to an abrupt tripling of the price of bread as a result of the government’s removal of wheat subsidies. Protestors in several towns across the country set fire to the headquarters of the ruling National Congress Party (NCP) and stormed local government offices and Zakat Chamber1 storehouses taking food items in a show of popular sovereignty. Territorial separation and economic freefall Since the independence of South Sudan in 2011, Sudan’s economy has been experiencing a freefall as the bulk of its oil and government revenues withered away almost overnight. Currency depreciation, hyperinflation and dwindling foreign currency reserves coupled with the rise in the prices of good and a banking crisis with severe cash supply shortages, have all contributed to the economic crisis.
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan and South Sudan: Current Issues for Congress and U.S. Policy
    Sudan and South Sudan: Current Issues for Congress and U.S. Policy -name redacted- Specialist in African Affairs October 5, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R42774 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Sudan and South Sudan: Current Issues for Congress and U.S. Policy Summary Congress has played an active role in U.S. policy toward Sudan for more than three decades. Efforts to support an end to the country’s myriad conflicts and human rights abuses have dominated the agenda, as have counterterrorism concerns. When unified (1956-2011), Sudan was Africa’s largest nation, bordering nine countries and stretching from the northern borders of Kenya and Uganda to the southern borders of Egypt and Libya. Strategically located along the Nile River and the Red Sea, Sudan was historically described as a crossroads between the Arab world and Africa. Domestic and international efforts to unite its ethnically, racially, religiously, and culturally diverse population under a common national identity fell short, however. In 2011, after decades of civil war and a 6.5 year transitional period, Sudan split in two. Mistrust between the two Sudans—Sudan and South Sudan—lingers, and unresolved disputes and related security issues still threaten to pull the two countries back to war. The north-south split did not resolve other simmering conflicts, notably in Darfur, Blue Nile, and Southern Kordofan. Roughly 2.5 million people remain displaced as a result of these conflicts. Like the broader sub-region, the Sudans are susceptible to drought and food insecurity, despite significant agricultural potential in some areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan 2019 International Religious Freedom Report
    SUDAN 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary On August 17, following the April ouster of President Omar al-Bashir after months of popular protests and a military takeover, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the opposition coalition, known as the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC), signed an interim constitutional declaration that includes several provisions protecting the right to freedom of religious belief and worship “in accordance with the requirements of the law and public order.” It makes no reference to sharia as a source of law, as was the case under the former 2005 constitution. The FFC announced that laws promulgated under the former constitution would remain in effect while the civilian-led transitional government (CLTG) worked to amend or abolish those laws and pass new legislation within the framework of the interim constitutional declaration. Some of the laws and practices established by the Bashir administration were based on its government’s interpretation of a sharia system of jurisprudence, which human rights groups stated did not provide protections for some religious minorities, including minority Muslim groups. The law criminalizes apostasy, blasphemy, conversion from Islam to another religion, and questioning or criticizing the Quran, the Sahaba (the Companions of the Prophet), or the wives of the Prophet. The law does not specifically address proselytizing; however, the Bashir government criminally defined and prosecuted proselytizing as a form of apostasy. While the law does not prohibit the practice of Shia Islam, during the Bashir regime authorities took actions against Shia Muslims. Security services used tear gas, rubber bullets, and other means to disperse groups of worshippers at mosques who were participating in antigovernment protests in February the first half of the year, in response to what the government said was the political nature of their activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Internal Communication Clearance Form
    NATIONS UNIES UNITED NATIONS HAUT COMMISSARIAT DES NATIONS UNIES OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS AUX DROITS DE L’HOMME HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS PROCEDURES SPECIALES DU SPECIAL PROCEDURES OF THE CONSEIL DES DROITS DE L’HOMME HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Mandates of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention; the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression; the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association; the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders; the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in the Sudan; the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions; and the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment REFERENCE: UA G/SO 218/2 G/SO 217/1 G/SO 214 (67-17) Assembly & Association (2010-1) G/SO 214 (107-9) Sudan G/SO 214 (33-27) G/SO 214 (53-24) SDN 7/2013 17 October 2013 Excellency, We have the honour to address you in our capacity as Chair-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention; Chair-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression; Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association; Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders; Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in the Sudan; Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions; Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment pursuant to Human Rights Council resolutions 15/18, 16/16, 16/4, 15/21, 16/5, 21/27, 17/5, and 16/23.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prospects of Political Islam in a Troubled Region Islamists and Post-Arab Spring Challenges
    The Prospects of Political Islam in a Troubled Region Islamists and Post-Arab Spring Challenges Editor Dr. Mohammed Abu Rumman The Prospects of Political Islam in a Troubled Region Islamists and Post-Arab Spring Challenges Editor Dr. Mohammed Abu Rumman 1 The Hashemite Kingdom Of Jordan The Deposit Number at The National Library (2018/2/529) 277 AbuRumman, Mohammad Suliman The Prospects Of Political Islam In A Troubled Region / Moham- mad Suliman Abu Rumman; Translated by William Joseph Ward. – Am- man: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2018 (178) p. Deposit No.: 2018/2/529 Descriptors: /Politics//Islam/ يتحمل المؤلف كامل المسؤولية القانونية عن محتوى مصنفه وﻻ ّيعبر هذا المصنف عن رأي دائرة المكتبة الوطنية أو أي جهة حكومية أخرى. Published in 2018 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Jordan & Iraq FES Jordan & Iraq P.O. Box 941876 Amman 11194 Jordan Email: [email protected] Website:www.fes-jordan.org Not for sale © FES Jordan & Iraq All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publishers. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are solely those of the original author. They do not necessarily represent those of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung or the editor. Translation: William Joseph Ward Cover and Lay-out: Mua’th Al Saied Printing: Economic Press ISBN: 978-9957-484-80-4 2 The Prospects of Political Islam in a Troubled Region Islamists and Post-Arab Spring Challenges Contributed Authors Dr. Mohammed Abu Rumman Dr. Khalil Anani Dr. Neven Bondokji Hassan Abu Hanieh Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan Opposition to the Government, Including
    Country Policy and Information Note Sudan: Opposition to the government, including sur place activity Version 2.0 November 2018 Preface Purpose This note provides country of origin information (COI) and analysis of COI for use by Home Office decision makers handling particular types of protection and human rights claims (as set out in the basis of claim section). It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of a particular subject or theme. It is split into two main sections: (1) analysis of COI; and (2) COI. These are explained in more detail below. Asessment This section analyses the evidence relevant to this note – i.e. the COI section; refugee/human rights laws and policies; and applicable caselaw – by describing this and its inter-relationships, and provides an assessment on whether, in general: x A person is reasonably likely to face a real risk of persecution or serious harm x A person is able to obtain protection from the state (or quasi state bodies) x A person is reasonably able to relocate within a country or territory x Claims are likely to justify granting asylum, humanitarian protection or other form of leave, and x If a claim is refused, it is likely or unlikely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under section 94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must, however, still consider all claims on an individual basis, taking into account each case’s specific facts. Country of origin information The country information in this note has been carefully selected in accordance with the general principles of COI research as set out in the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation’s (ACCORD), Researching Country Origin Information – Training Manual, 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan and South Sudan: Current Issues for Congress and US Policy
    Sudan and South Sudan: Current Issues for Congress and U.S. Policy Lauren Ploch Blanchard Specialist in African Affairs October 5, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42774 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Sudan and South Sudan: Current Issues for Congress and U.S. Policy Summary Congress has played an active role in U.S. policy toward Sudan for more than three decades. Efforts to support an end to the country’s myriad conflicts and human rights abuses have dominated the agenda, as have counterterrorism concerns. When unified (1956-2011), Sudan was Africa’s largest nation, bordering nine countries and stretching from the northern borders of Kenya and Uganda to the southern borders of Egypt and Libya. Strategically located along the Nile River and the Red Sea, Sudan was historically described as a crossroads between the Arab world and Africa. Domestic and international efforts to unite its ethnically, racially, religiously, and culturally diverse population under a common national identity fell short, however. In 2011, after decades of civil war and a 6.5 year transitional period, Sudan split in two. Mistrust between the two Sudans—Sudan and South Sudan—lingers, and unresolved disputes and related security issues still threaten to pull the two countries back to war. The north-south split did not resolve other simmering conflicts, notably in Darfur, Blue Nile, and Southern Kordofan. Roughly 2.5 million people remain displaced as a result of these conflicts. Like the broader sub-region, the Sudans are susceptible to drought and food insecurity, despite significant agricultural potential in some areas.
    [Show full text]