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A Case of Gangzur and Kengkhar, Bhutan

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A Case of Gangzur and Kengkhar, Bhutan Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment ClimateClimate Change Change Vulnerability Vulnerability Assessment Assessment in Kurichhu Watershed: A case of Gangzur inin Kurichhu KurichhuClimate Watershed: Watershed: Change A Vulnerability Acase case of of Gangzur Gangzur Assessment and Kengkhar, Bhutan in Kurichhuandand Kengkhar, Kengkhar, Watershed: Bhutan Bhutan A case of Gangzur and Kengkhar, Bhutan The Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research is a government basedTheThe researchUgyen Ugyen Wangchuck Wangchuck and training Institute Institute institutefor forConservation Conservation under and the and Environmental Department Environmental Research ofResearch Forests is ais a The Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research is a and Park Services.governmentgovernment We strive based based to research foster research and better and training training stewardship institute institute under under of the our the Department Departmentnatural ofheritage Forestsof Forests government based research and training institute under the Department of Forests – land, water, airand and Park Parkspecies Services. Services. therein We We strive strive – to through fosterto foster better rigorousbetter stewardship stewardship science of ourof based our natural natural research heritage heritage and Park Services. We strive to foster better stewardship of our natural heritage and transmission– land,–of land, cutting water, water, air edge airand and speciesscience species therein thereinresults – through– tothrough field rigorous rigorous practitioners science science based based and research researchpolicy – land, water, air and species therein – through rigorous science based research makers. In additionandand transmissionto transmissionconducting of cuttingof research, cutting edge edge wescience science provide results results a two-yearto fieldto field practitioners certificatepractitioners and courseand policy policy and transmission of cutting edge science results to field practitioners and policy in environment, makers.forestrymakers. In additionInand addition conservation. to conductingto conducting research, We research, also we weofferprovide provide tailor a two-year a two-year made certificate certificatecourses course coursefor makers. In addition to conducting research, we provide a two-year certificate course professionals workingin environment,in environment, within theforestry forestry field and and ofconservation. conservationconservation. We We alsobiology, also offer offer tailorsustainable tailor made made courses coursesforestry for for in environment, forestry and conservation. We also offer tailor made courses for and water resources.professionalsprofessionals As part working ofworking our within initiative within the the field tofield encourageof conservationof conservation discourses biology, biology, sustainable sustainableand dialogue forestry forestry professionals working within the field of conservation biology, sustainable forestry within the environmentalandand water water resources. resources.community, As Aspart part ofwe ourof ourregularly initiative initiative to organize encourageto encourage discoursesseminars discourses and and and dialogue dialoguehost and water resources. As part of our initiative to encourage discourses and dialogue conferences at bothwithinwithin national the the environmental environmental and international community, community, level.we weregularly regularly organize organize seminars seminars and and host host within the environmentalconferencesconferences atcommunity, bothat both national national andwe and internationalregularly international organizelevel. level. seminars and host conferences at both national and international level. Tel: +975-3-631926/631924 Fax: +975-3-631925 Email: [email protected] Web: www.uwice.gov.bt Tel: Tel:+975-3-631926/631924 +975-3-631926/631924 Fax: Fax: +975-3-631925 +975-3-631925 Email: Email: [email protected] [email protected] Web: Web: www.uwice.gov.bt www.uwice.gov.bt Center for Water, Climate and Environmental Policy facebook.com/UWICE @UWICER uwicer Tel: +975-3-631926/631924 Fax: +975-3-631925facebook.com/facebook.com/ Email:UWICEUWICE [email protected]@UWICER@UWICER Web:uwiceruwicer www.uwice.gov.bt Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research facebook.com/UWICE @UWICER uwicer Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment in Kurichhu Watershed: A case of Gangzur and Kengkhar, Bhutan Center for Water, Climate and Environmental Policy Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research Prepared by: Kinley Choden Jigme Wangchuk Dawa Yoezer Norbu Wangdi Sangay Wangchuk Karma Tenzin Citation: Choden, K., Wangchuk, J., Yoezer, D., Wangdi, N., Wangchuk, S. and Tenzin, K. (2018). Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment in Kurichhu Watershed: A case of Gangzur and Kengkhar, Bhutan. UWICER Press, Lamai Goempa, Bumthang. © UWICER 2018. All rights reserved. Printed at: Tshangpa Printing Press, Thimphu Disclaimer The views and interpretations in this publication are those of the authors. They are not attributable to UWICER/DoFPS and do not imply the expression of any opinion concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or the endorsement of any product. For more information, please contact: Center for Water, Climate and Environmental Policy Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research Lamai Goempa; Bumthang, Bhutan +975-03-631926 www.uwice.gov.bt ISBN: ISBN 978-99980-812-4-6 Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Project Background ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2. Climate Change in Bhutan ............................................................................................... 3 1.3. Water Resources and Scarcity: Global Scenario ..................................................... 4 1.4. Water Resources and Scarcity in Bhutan ................................................................... 6 1.5. Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 7 2. Study Area ..................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Gangzur Gewog .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Kengkhar Gewog ................................................................................................................. 8 3. Methods: ......................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1. Household Interviews ........................................................................................................ 9 3.2. Drinking Water Source Assessment ........................................................................... 10 4. Results and Discussions .......................................................................................................... 12 4.1. Socio-economic Scenario ............................................................................................... 12 4.1.1. Livelihood ..................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.2. Food Security .............................................................................................................. 15 4.2. Climatic Trends................................................................................................................... 16 4.2.1. Temperature ................................................................................................................ 16 4.2.2. Rainfall ........................................................................................................................... 18 4.2.3. Extreme Events/Natural Hazards ........................................................................ 21 4.2.4. Frost................................................................................................................................ 22 4.2.5. Occurrence of Crop Diseases ................................................................................ 22 4.3. Water...................................................................................................................................... 23 4.3.1. Water Availability ...................................................................................................... 23 4.3.2. Drinking Water Source Assessment ................................................................... 29 4.3.3. Institutional Mechanism of Water Resource Management. ....................... 37 6. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 39 7. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................44 8. Bibliography .................................................................................................................................
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