DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2012/0021495 A1 Vanzin (43) Pub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2012/0021495 A1 Vanzin (43) Pub US 20120021495A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2012/0021495 A1 Vanzin (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 26, 2012 (54) GENERATION OF MATERALS WITH abandoned, Continuation-in-part of application No. ENHANCEO HYDROGEN CONTENT FROM 11/099,880, filed on Apr. 5, 2005, now abandoned. ANAEROBC MICROBAL CONSORTA INCLUDING DESULFURCDMONAS OR Publication Classification CLOSTRIDIA (51) Int. Cl. CI2N L/20 (2006.01) (75) Inventor: Gary Vanzin, Arvada, CO (US) (52) U.S. Cl. ..................................................... 435/252.1 (73) Assignee: LUCA Technologies, LLC, (57) ABSTRACT Golden, CO (US) An isolated microbial consortia is described. The consortia may include a first-bite microbial consortium that converts a (21) Appl. No.: 13/189,030 starting hydrocarbon that is a complex hydrocarbon into two Filed: Jul. 22, 2011 or more first-bite metabolic products. The consortia may also (22) include a downstream microbial consortium that converts a starting hydrocarbon metabolic product into a downstream Related U.S. Application Data metabolic product. The downstream metabolic product has a (63) Continuation of application No. 1 1/971,075, filed on greater mol.% hydrogen than the starting hydrocarbon. The Jan. 8, 2008, which is a continuation-in-part of appli first-bite microbial consortium or the downstream microbial cation No. 11/099.881, filed on Apr. 5, 2005, now consortium includes one or more species of Desulfuromonas. Patent Application Publication Jan. 26, 2012 Sheet 1 of 4 US 2012/0021495 A1 Native Carbonaceous Material 102 Water soutle Water Soluble Compounds 4. Compounds 106 Hydrocarbon-Degrading Microbes termediate Organicganic CompoundsCO 108 f HS Acetogens 110 ------------- Acetate (HCOO-) Metharogers 116 Fig. 1 Patent Application Publication Jan. 26, 2012 Sheet 2 of 4 US 2012/0021495 A1 Extract Native Consortia from Formation Site lsolate Consortia Meret 204 identify Consortia Member Y 2O6 Create New Consortia l 208 Measureof New Characteristic Consortia Fig. 2 Patent Application Publication Jan. 26, 2012 Sheet 3 of 4 US 2012/0021495 A1 BVAREATEFIT OF% CONSORTUM COMPRISED OF DESULFUROMONAS BYMETHANOGENESISRATE (MICROMOLES CH4/g COALIDAY) 60 50 O O o As 40 aS?h SRas 30 2.2. 23. a 20 O CP SS 10 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4. 4.5 METHANOGENESIS RATE (MICROMOLES CH4 PRODUCED!g COALIDAY) FIG.3 Patent Application Publication Jan. 26, 2012 Sheet 4 of 4 US 2012/0021495 A1 Bivariate Fit of% consortium comprised of Fusibacter By Methanogenesis Rate (micromoles CH4/g coal/day) 2 O 5 2.5 3 3.5 Methanogenesis rate (micromoles CH4/g coal / day) Fig. 4 US 2012/0021495 A1 Jan. 26, 2012 GENERATION OF MATERALS WITH Thus, new recovery techniques are needed that can extract ENHANCEO HYDROGEN CONTENT FROM resources from these formations with significantly lower ANAEROBC MICROBAL CONSORTA expenditures of energy. INCLUDING DESULFURCDMONAS OR 0005 Conventional recovery techniques also extract the CLOSTRIDIA carbonaceous materials in their native state (e.g., crude oil, coal), and the combustion products of these materials may CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED include a number of pollutants, including Sulfur compounds APPLICATIONS (SO), nitrogen compounds (NO), and carbon dioxide (CO). Concern about the environmental impact of burning 0001. This application is a continuation of application Ser. these native carbonaceous materials has led to national and No. 1 1/971,075, filed Jan. 8, 2008, and entitled “Generation international initiatives to develop less polluting energy of Materials With Enhanced Hydrogen Content From Sources. One approach is to generate more energy with natu Anaerobic Microbial Consortia, which is a continuation-in ral gas (i.e., methane), which has low levels of Sulfur and part of prior application Ser. No. 1 1/099.881, filed Apr. 5, nitrogen, and generates less carbon dioxide per unit energy 2005, and entitled “Generation Of Materials With Enhanced than larger hydrocarbons. Hydrogen Content From Anaerobic Microbial Consortia.” 0006 Another approach that is receiving considerable This application is also a continuation-in-part of prior appli government and private sector Support is the development of cation Ser. No. 11/099,880, filed Apr. 5, 2005, and entitled hydrogen engines and fuel cells for vehicle propulsion and “Generation Of Materials With Enhanced Hydrogen Content electricity generation. The combustion of molecular hydro From Anaerobic Microbial Consortia Including Thermo gen (H) into water presents a more benign environmental toga.” The entire contents of both applications are herein alternative to burning gasoline, oil or coal. Hydrogen, how incorporated by reference for all purposes. ever, is more accurately characterized as an energy carrier than a fuel source. Very little molecular hydrogen exists in FIELD OF THE INVENTION nature, and other energy sources are needed to make the hydrogen. The role of hydrogen is to carry the energy from 0002 The present invention relates to biogenic enhance another energy source to the site where it can be released by ment of the mole percentage of hydrogen in hydrocarbon chemical reaction (e.g., combustion) to do useful work. A molecules and enhancements in biogenic hydrogen and meth power and transportation infrastructure based on hydrogen ane production in geologic formations. Specifically, the will require adequate Supplies of energy and/or feedstock invention relates to isolated microbial consortia that can materials to make the hydrogen. One well known method of include archaea, bacteria, and/or other microorganisms, making hydrogen is the steam reforming of methane, where which are capable of transforming carbonaceous materials in methane (CH) and steam (HO) are converted into carbon the formations into molecular hydrogen, and/or hydrocar monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). Thus, one way to realize bons having a larger mole percentage of hydrogen than the a hydrogen economy will be economically converting large starting materials. quantities of methane to hydrogen and recover it. 0007. The above discussion and citation of documents herein is not intended as an admission that any is pertinent BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION prior art. All Statements as to the date or representation as to 0003 Increasing world energy demand is creating unprec the contents of documents is based on the information avail edented challenges for recovering energy resources, and miti able to the applicant and does not constitute any admission as gating the environmental impact of using those resources. to the correctness of the dates or contents of the documents. Some have argued that the worldwide production rates for oil and domestic natural gas will peak within a decade or less. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Once this peak is reached, primary recovery of oil and domes 0008. The present invention relates to microorganisms tic natural gas will start to decline, as the most easily recov that participate in the degradation of large or complex hydro erable energy stocks start to dry up. Historically, old oil fields carbons found in naturally occurring Sources, such as those and coal mines are abandoned once the easily recoverable present in underground formations. The microorganisms are materials are extracted. These abandoned reservoirs, how useful for the recovery of energy contained within large or ever, still contain significant amounts of carbonaceous mate complex hydrocarbons, many of which are associated with rial. The Powder River Basin in northeastern Wyoming, for other materials that hinder extraction of the hydrocarbons example, is still estimated to contain approximately 1.300 from the formations, by converting the hydrocarbons to billion short tons of coal. Just 1% of the Basin's remaining smaller molecules that can be more readily recovered or coal converted to natural gas could supply the current annual extracted. natural gas needs of the United States (i.e., about 23 trillion 0009. The invention is based in part on energy recovery by cubic feet) for the next four years. Several more abandoned conversion of large or complex hydrocarbons to Smaller coal and oil reservoirs of this magnitude are present in the hydrocarbons, optionally with release thereoffrom materials United States. that hinder extraction of large or complex hydrocarbons. The 0004 As worldwide energy prices continue to rise, it may route is based on biogenic conversion of carbonaceous mate become economically viable to extract additional oil and coal rials in underground formations, which conversion has from these formations with conventional drilling and mining received relatively little commercial attention. Large poten techniques. However, a point will be reached where more tial sources of energy, locked up in carbonaceous materials energy must be used to recover the resources than is gained by Such as (but not limited to) coal, residual oil, etc., may be the recovery. At that point, traditional recovery mechanisms more readily recovered by conversion of the hydrocarbons in will become uneconomical, regardless of the price of energy. the carbonaceous materials, as well as the carbonaceous US 2012/0021495 A1 Jan. 26, 2012 material itself into methane and other light hydrocarbons. In 0012. The isolated microorganisms are in the form of a biogenic conversion, consortia of microorganisms treat the consortium, comprising a plurality of two or more different carbonaceous materials as a source of raw materials for con species of microorganisms. In some embodiments, a consor version into Smaller, lighter metabolites
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Recruitment of Reverse Transcriptase-Cas1 Fusion Proteins by Type VI-A CRISPR-Cas Systems
    fmicb-10-02160 September 12, 2019 Time: 16:22 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 13 September 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02160 Recruitment of Reverse Transcriptase-Cas1 Fusion Proteins by Type VI-A CRISPR-Cas Systems Nicolás Toro*, Mario Rodríguez Mestre, Francisco Martínez-Abarca and Alejandro González-Delgado Structure, Dynamics and Function of Rhizobacterial Genomes, Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain Type VI CRISPR–Cas systems contain a single effector nuclease (Cas13) that exclusively targets single-stranded RNA. It remains unknown how these systems acquire spacers. It has been suggested that type VI systems with adaptation modules can acquire spacers from RNA bacteriophages, but sequence similarities suggest that spacers may provide Edited by: Kira Makarova, immunity to DNA phages. We searched databases for Cas13 proteins with linked RTs. National Center for Biotechnology We identified two different type VI-A systems with adaptation modules including an Information (NLM), United States RT-Cas1 fusion and Cas2 proteins. Phylogenetic reconstruction analyses revealed that Reviewed by: these adaptation modules were recruited by different effector Cas13a proteins, possibly Yuri Wolf, National Center for Biotechnology from RT-associated type III-D systems within the bacterial classes Alphaproteobacteria Information (NLM), United States and Clostridia. These type VI-A systems are predicted to acquire spacers from RNA Omar
    [Show full text]
  • Development of the Equine Hindgut Microbiome in Semi-Feral and Domestic Conventionally-Managed Foals Meredith K
    Tavenner et al. Animal Microbiome (2020) 2:43 Animal Microbiome https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-020-00060-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Development of the equine hindgut microbiome in semi-feral and domestic conventionally-managed foals Meredith K. Tavenner1, Sue M. McDonnell2 and Amy S. Biddle1* Abstract Background: Early development of the gut microbiome is an essential part of neonate health in animals. It is unclear whether the acquisition of gut microbes is different between domesticated animals and their wild counterparts. In this study, fecal samples from ten domestic conventionally managed (DCM) Standardbred and ten semi-feral managed (SFM) Shetland-type pony foals and dams were compared using 16S rRNA sequencing to identify differences in the development of the foal hindgut microbiome related to time and management. Results: Gut microbiome diversity of dams was lower than foals overall and within groups, and foals from both groups at Week 1 had less diverse gut microbiomes than subsequent weeks. The core microbiomes of SFM dams and foals had more taxa overall, and greater numbers of taxa within species groups when compared to DCM dams and foals. The gut microbiomes of SFM foals demonstrated enhanced diversity of key groups: Verrucomicrobia (RFP12), Ruminococcaceae, Fusobacterium spp., and Bacteroides spp., based on age and management. Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus spp. and other Lactobacillaceae genera were enriched only in DCM foals, specifically during their second and third week of life. Predicted microbiome functions estimated computationally suggested that SFM foals had higher mean sequence counts for taxa contributing to the digestion of lipids, simple and complex carbohydrates, and protein.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2018/064165 A2 (.Pdf)
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2018/064165 A2 05 April 2018 (05.04.2018) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: Published: A61K 35/74 (20 15.0 1) C12N 1/21 (2006 .01) — without international search report and to be republished (21) International Application Number: upon receipt of that report (Rule 48.2(g)) PCT/US2017/053717 — with sequence listing part of description (Rule 5.2(a)) (22) International Filing Date: 27 September 2017 (27.09.2017) (25) Filing Language: English (26) Publication Langi English (30) Priority Data: 62/400,372 27 September 2016 (27.09.2016) US 62/508,885 19 May 2017 (19.05.2017) US 62/557,566 12 September 2017 (12.09.2017) US (71) Applicant: BOARD OF REGENTS, THE UNIVERSI¬ TY OF TEXAS SYSTEM [US/US]; 210 West 7th St., Austin, TX 78701 (US). (72) Inventors: WARGO, Jennifer; 1814 Bissonnet St., Hous ton, TX 77005 (US). GOPALAKRISHNAN, Vanch- eswaran; 7900 Cambridge, Apt. 10-lb, Houston, TX 77054 (US). (74) Agent: BYRD, Marshall, P.; Parker Highlander PLLC, 1120 S. Capital Of Texas Highway, Bldg. One, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78746 (US). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW.
    [Show full text]
  • Crystalline Iron Oxides Stimulate Methanogenic Benzoate Degradation in Marine Sediment-Derived Enrichment Cultures
    The ISME Journal https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00824-7 ARTICLE Crystalline iron oxides stimulate methanogenic benzoate degradation in marine sediment-derived enrichment cultures 1,2 1 3 1,2 1 David A. Aromokeye ● Oluwatobi E. Oni ● Jan Tebben ● Xiuran Yin ● Tim Richter-Heitmann ● 2,4 1 5 5 1 2,3 Jenny Wendt ● Rolf Nimzyk ● Sten Littmann ● Daniela Tienken ● Ajinkya C. Kulkarni ● Susann Henkel ● 2,4 2,4 1,3 2,3,4 1,2 Kai-Uwe Hinrichs ● Marcus Elvert ● Tilmann Harder ● Sabine Kasten ● Michael W. Friedrich Received: 19 May 2020 / Revised: 9 October 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract Elevated dissolved iron concentrations in the methanic zone are typical geochemical signatures of rapidly accumulating marine sediments. These sediments are often characterized by co-burial of iron oxides with recalcitrant aromatic organic matter of terrigenous origin. Thus far, iron oxides are predicted to either impede organic matter degradation, aiding its preservation, or identified to enhance organic carbon oxidation via direct electron transfer. Here, we investigated the effect of various iron oxide phases with differing crystallinity (magnetite, hematite, and lepidocrocite) during microbial 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: degradation of the aromatic model compound benzoate in methanic sediments. In slurry incubations with magnetite or hematite, concurrent iron reduction, and methanogenesis were stimulated during accelerated benzoate degradation with methanogenesis as the dominant electron sink. In contrast, with lepidocrocite, benzoate degradation, and methanogenesis were inhibited. These observations were reproducible in sediment-free enrichments, even after five successive transfers. Genes involved in the complete degradation of benzoate were identified in multiple metagenome assembled genomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of an Adapted Microbial Population to the Bioconversion of Carbon Monoxide Into Butanol Using Next-Generation Sequencing Technology
    Characterization of an adapted microbial population to the bioconversion of carbon monoxide into butanol using next-generation sequencing technology Guillaume Bruant Research officer, Bioengineering group Energy, Mining, Environment - National Research Council Canada Pacific Rim Summit on Industrial Biotechnology and Bioenergy December 8 -11, 2013 Butanol from residue (dry): syngas route biomass → gasification → syngas → catalysis → synfuels (CO, H2, CO2, CH4) (alcohols…) Biocatalysis vs Chemical catalysis potential for higher product specificity may be less problematic when impurities present less energy intensive (low pressure and temperature) Anaerobic undefined mixed culture vs bacterial pure culture mesophilic anaerobic sludge treating agricultural wastes (Lassonde Inc, Rougemont, QC, Canada) PRS 2013 - 2 Experimental design CO Alcohols Serum bottles incubated at Next Generation RDP Pyrosequencing mesophilic temperature Sequencing (NGS) pipeline 35°C for 2 months Ion PGMTM sequencer http://pyro.cme.msu.edu/ sequences filtered CO continuously supplied Monitoring of bacterial and to the gas phase archaeal populations RDP classifier atmosphere of 100% CO, http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/ 1 atm 16S rRNA genes Ion 314TM chip classifier VFAs & alcohol production bootstrap confidence cutoff low level of butanol of 50 % Samples taken after 1 and 2 months total genomic DNA extracted, purified, concentrated PRS 2013 - 3 NGS: bacterial results Bacterial population - Phylum level 100% 80% Other Chloroflexi 60% Synergistetes %
    [Show full text]
  • Table S1: List of Samples Included in the Analysis
    Table S1: list of samples included in the analysis Study Sample name Inhibitory status Number of days at sampling number DNA.0P2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.0P2T6 No inhibition 57 DNA.10P2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.10P2T6 No inhibition 57 DNA.75P2T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.75P2T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.100P2T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.100P2T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.125P1T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.125P1T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.125P2T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.125P2T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.125P3T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.125P3T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.150P2T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.150P2T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.200P2T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.200P2T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.0N2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.0N2T5 No inhibition 42 DNA.0N2T6 No inhibition 57 Study 1 DNA.5N2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.5N2T5 No inhibition 42 DNA.5N2T6 No inhibition 57 DNA.10N2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.10N2T5 No inhibition 42 DNA.10N2T6 No inhibition 57 DNA.15N2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.15N2T5 No inhibition 42 DNA.15N2T6 No inhibition 57 DNA.25N2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.25N2T5 No inhibition 42 DNA.25N2T6 No inhibition 57 DNA.75N2T4 Ammonia inhibition 29 DNA.75N2T5 Ammonia inhibition 42 DNA.75N2T6 Ammonia inhibition 57 DNA.100N2T4 Ammonia inhibition 29 DNA.100N2T5 Ammonia inhibition 42 DNA.100N2T6 Ammonia inhibition 57 DNA.250N2T4 Ammonia inhibition 29 DNA.250N2T5 Ammonia inhibition 42 DNA.250N2T6 Ammonia inhibition 57 nono2T3 No inhibition 16 noN2T4 Ammonia inhibition 23 noN2T8 Ammonia inhibition 60 noN2T9 Ammonia inhibition 85 noPhi2T4 Phenol inhibition 23 noPhi2T5
    [Show full text]
  • Thermophilic Carboxydotrophs and Their Applications in Biotechnology Springerbriefs in Microbiology
    SPRINGER BRIEFS IN MICROBIOLOGY EXTREMOPHILIC BACTERIA Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro Thermophilic Carboxydotrophs and their Applications in Biotechnology SpringerBriefs in Microbiology Extremophilic Bacteria Series editors Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro, Dearborn, MI, USA Melanie Mormile, Rolla, MO, USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11917 Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro Thermophilic Carboxydotrophs and their Applications in Biotechnology 123 Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro Department of Natural Sciences University of Michigan Dearborn, MI USA ISSN 2191-5385 ISSN 2191-5393 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-11872-7 ISBN 978-3-319-11873-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-11873-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014951696 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © The Author(s) 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.
    [Show full text]
  • EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES on FERMENTATIVE FIRMICUTES from ANOXIC ENVIRONMENTS: ISOLATION, EVOLUTION, and THEIR GEOCHEMICAL IMPACTS By
    EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON FERMENTATIVE FIRMICUTES FROM ANOXIC ENVIRONMENTS: ISOLATION, EVOLUTION, AND THEIR GEOCHEMICAL IMPACTS By JESSICA KEE EUN CHOI A dissertation submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Microbial Biology Written under the direction of Nathan Yee And approved by _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Experimental studies on fermentative Firmicutes from anoxic environments: isolation, evolution and their geochemical impacts by JESSICA KEE EUN CHOI Dissertation director: Nathan Yee Fermentative microorganisms from the bacterial phylum Firmicutes are quite ubiquitous in subsurface environments and play an important biogeochemical role. For instance, fermenters have the ability to take complex molecules and break them into simpler compounds that serve as growth substrates for other organisms. The research presented here focuses on two groups of fermentative Firmicutes, one from the genus Clostridium and the other from the class Negativicutes. Clostridium species are well-known fermenters. Laboratory studies done so far have also displayed the capability to reduce Fe(III), yet the mechanism of this activity has not been investigated
    [Show full text]
  • Syntrophic Butyrate and Propionate Oxidation Processes 491
    Environmental Microbiology Reports (2010) 2(4), 489–499 doi:10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00147.x Minireview Syntrophic butyrate and propionate oxidation processes: from genomes to reaction mechanismsemi4_147 489..499 Nicolai Müller,1† Petra Worm,2† Bernhard Schink,1* a cytoplasmic fumarate reductase to drive energy- Alfons J. M. Stams2 and Caroline M. Plugge2 dependent succinate oxidation. Furthermore, we 1Faculty for Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 propose that homologues of the Thermotoga mar- Konstanz, Germany. itima bifurcating [FeFe]-hydrogenase are involved 2Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, in NADH oxidation by S. wolfei and S. fumaroxidans Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands. to form hydrogen. Summary Introduction In anoxic environments such as swamps, rice fields In anoxic environments such as swamps, rice paddy fields and sludge digestors, syntrophic microbial communi- and intestines of higher animals, methanogenic commu- ties are important for decomposition of organic nities are important for decomposition of organic matter to matter to CO2 and CH4. The most difficult step is the CO2 and CH4 (Schink and Stams, 2006; Mcinerney et al., fermentative degradation of short-chain fatty acids 2008; Stams and Plugge, 2009). Moreover, they are the such as propionate and butyrate. Conversion of these key biocatalysts in anaerobic bioreactors that are used metabolites to acetate, CO2, formate and hydrogen is worldwide to treat industrial wastewaters and solid endergonic under standard conditions and occurs wastes. Different types of anaerobes have specified only if methanogens keep the concentrations of these metabolic functions in the degradation pathway and intermediate products low. Butyrate and propionate depend on metabolite transfer which is called syntrophy degradation pathways include oxidation steps of (Schink and Stams, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Reclassification of Eubacterium Hallii As Anaerobutyricum Hallii Gen. Nov., Comb
    TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION Shetty et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018;68:3741–3746 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.003041 Reclassification of Eubacterium hallii as Anaerobutyricum hallii gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Anaerobutyricum soehngenii sp. nov., a butyrate and propionate-producing bacterium from infant faeces Sudarshan A. Shetty,1,* Simone Zuffa,1 Thi Phuong Nam Bui,1 Steven Aalvink,1 Hauke Smidt1 and Willem M. De Vos1,2,3 Abstract A bacterial strain designated L2-7T, phylogenetically related to Eubacterium hallii DSM 3353T, was previously isolated from infant faeces. The complete genome of strain L2-7T contains eight copies of the 16S rRNA gene with only 98.0– 98.5 % similarity to the 16S rRNA gene of the previously described type strain E. hallii. The next closest validly described species is Anaerostipes hadrus DSM 3319T (90.7 % 16S rRNA gene similarity). A polyphasic taxonomic approach showed strain L2-7T to be a novel species, related to type strain E. hallii DSM 3353T. The experimentally observed DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain L2-7T and E. hallii DSM 3353T was 26.25 %, close to that calculated from the genomes T (34.3 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA of strain L2-7 was 38.6 mol%. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0,C16 : 1 T cis9 and a component with summed feature 10 (C18 : 1c11/t9/t6c). Strain L2-7 had higher amounts of C16 : 0 (30.6 %) compared to E. hallii DSM 3353T (19.5 %) and its membrane contained phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, which were not detected in E.
    [Show full text]
  • Sabnis Uta 2502D 12838.Pdf (5.069Mb)
    INVESTIGATION OF HOW MICROBES INVOLVED IN ANEROBIC DIGESTION OF VINASSE CHANGE AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, VINASSE COMPOSITIONS AND TIME by MADHU SANJOG SABNIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON August 2014 Copyright © by Madhu Sanjog Sabnis 2014 All Rights Reserved ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my wholehearted gratitude to my advisor Dr. Melanie Sattler and Dr. Jorge Rodrigues who has always been an invaluable guide and academic mentor. I really appreciate Dr. Melanie Sattler for her encouragement, support, and advice throughout my research work. I cannot express my gratitude to Dr. Rodrigues for providing excellent ideas and advice that propelled my research. The supervising committee members Dr. James Grover, Dr. Andrew Hunt, and Dr. Sahadat Hossain, are most appreciated and gratefully acknowledged for their valuable suggestion towards this study. A special and personal acknowledgement is due to the Dr. Melanie Sattler; for her unrestricted personal guidance throughout this study, for bringing out the best out of my ability. I would like to thank Mr. Paul Shover for his tremendous help with my experimental set-up work. I also thank Shammi Rahman for helping me throughout my research. I would like to thank Victor Pylro and Jill Castoe who helped me during my experimental analysis and sequencing process. Last but not the least; I thank God and my loving family - Mom, Dad, brother, sister, and my family-in-law. They are my real strength and have always believed in my abilities to not only dream but strive to make those dreams a concrete reality.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Fructans, Prebiotics and Fibres on the Human Gut Microbiome Assessed by 16S Rrna-Based Approaches: a Review
    Wageningen Academic Beneficial Microbes, 2020; 11(2): 101-129 Publishers Effect of fructans, prebiotics and fibres on the human gut microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA-based approaches: a review K.S. Swanson1, W.M. de Vos2,3, E.C. Martens4, J.A. Gilbert5,6, R.S. Menon7, A. Soto-Vaca7, J. Hautvast8#, P.D. Meyer9, K. Borewicz2, E.E. Vaughan10* and J.L. Slavin11 1Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,1207 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; 2Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; 3Human Microbiome Research Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48130, USA; 5Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 6Bioscience Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; 7The Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills Inc., 9000 Plymouth Ave N, Minneapolis, MN 55427, USA; 8Division Human Nutrition, Department Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen University; 9Nutrition & Scientific Writing Consultant, Porfierdijk 27, 4706 MH Roosendaal, the Netherlands; 10Sensus (Royal Cosun), Oostelijke Havendijk 15, 4704 RA, Roosendaal, the Netherlands; 11Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; [email protected]; #Emeritus Professor Received: 27 May 2019 / Accepted: 15 December 2019 © 2020 Wageningen Academic Publishers OPEN ACCESS REVIEW ARTICLE Abstract The inherent and diverse capacity of dietary fibres, nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) and prebiotics to modify the gut microbiota and markedly influence health status of the host has attracted rising interest.
    [Show full text]