DOCSLIB.ORG

Poonyanuch Nilsang J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2021; 12 (2): 9193 - 9201

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Poonyanuch Nilsang J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2021; 12 (2): 9193 - 9201 Poonyanuch Nilsang J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2021; 12 (2): 9193 - 9201 ISSN–2230-7346 Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences IN -VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC AND WATER EXTRACTS OF MIMOSA PIGRA AND MIMOSA DIPLOTRICHA Poonyanuch Nilsang1*, Sujitra Homsud1 1Faculty of Science and Technology, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University, Pathumtani 13180. Thailand *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Key Words Mimosa pigra and Mimosa diplotricha are known as invasive plant and noxious Mimosa pigra, weeds. These plants are spread throughout all areas of Thailand, causing Mimosa diplotricha, problems in agriculture and transportation. This study aims to evaluate the Antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial activity of the water and ethanolic extracts of these plants. Stems, Ethanolic extract, roots, and leaves crude extracts of M.pigra and M.diplotricha were investigated Water extract the antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion. Seven different strains of gram- positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and yeast, i.e. Escherichia coli Access this article online TISTR073, Pseudomanas aeruginosa TISTR781, Staphylococcus epidermidis Website: TISTR518, Staphylococcus aureus TISTR2329 Propionibacterium acnes DMST https://www.jgtps.com/ 41283, Streptococcus mutans DMST14916 and Candida albicans TISTR5554 Quick Response Code: were used as test microbes. MIC and MBC of the crude extracts against those pathogens were also evaluated. The results revealed that the ethanolic extracts of both plant species had high antimicrobial activity against all test microbe and greater efficiency than the water extracts. The water extracts of M.diplotricha have inhibition activity against only S.aureus and S.epidermidis whereas the water extracts of M.pigra against only S.epidermidis. The MIC of the ethanolic extract of both plants varied between 1.56-100 mg/ml while MBC ranged from 6.25-50 mg/ml. The MIC and MBC of water extract ranged from 6.25-100 mg/ml and 25-100 mg/ml, respectively. Consequently, the ethanolic extracts of stem, root and leaves of M.pigra and M.diplotricha could be considered as a source of antimicrobial agents to be used as alternatives for a pharmaceutical application. INTRODUCTION At present, medicinal plants are currently Medications. Le Anh Dao et al. [4] reported used and studied extensively in various fields that more than 2500 species of medicinal plants such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, in Southeast Asia have been used as a nutraceuticals and healthcare. Various traditional medicine for various conditions, medicinal plants have been used for years in such as diuretic, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and daily life to treat disease all over the world. anti-microorganism. The beneficial medicinal Herbal medicine is based on the premise that effects of plant material typically result from plants contain natural substances that can the secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, promote health and alleviate illness [1, 2]. flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phenol, etc. which WHO reported that in developing countries, capable for producing definite physiological more than 80% of people use of folk medicine action on the body [5]. Besides, compounds is used in primary care [3]. During the past extracted from different parts of plants along decade, Thailand’s medicinal plant has also with various kinds of solvent extraction received interest as novel source of alternative methods for antimicrobial activity had been 9193 © Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences Poonyanuch Nilsang J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2021; 12 (2): 9193 - 9201 investigated by many researchers [6-8]. For Mimosa diplotricha (synonym: Mimosa example, La-ongthitirat et al. [9] tested the invisa) is commonly known as giant sensitive ethanolic extract from stem and leave of weed, creeping sensitive plant, nila grass or the Hiptage candicans Hook f. against human local name in Thai calls Maiyaraap thao. It is pathogens such as S.epidermidis, S.aureus, broadly found in South-East Asia, Pacific S.mutans, P.acne, E.coli, P.vulgaris and Islands, Northern Australia, South and Central C.albicans. Barku et al. [10] investigated six America, Hawaiian Islands and part of Africa wound healing medicinal plants which were [16]. M. diplotricha is an upright shrub, known as Africa folk medicine i.e. Amaranthus creeper or climbing plant that has much- spinosus, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Spondia branched leaves. M. diplotricha is well known monbin, Corchorus olitorius and Mallotus for its rapid plant movement like invasive alien oppositifolia against S.aureus, E.coli, species. It gave a big problem for forest K.pneumoniae and Citrobacter sp. However, ecosystem, agricultural land and pastures in the extraction of important substances from many countries include Thailand. Naima et al. medicinal plants had been carried out in [16] reported that the phytochemical analysis of various literatures but the extraction from the methanolic extract of M. diplotricha leaves weeds to bring benefits in pharmaceutical presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, remains to be seen few. Mimosa pigra glycosides, phytosterols, flavonoids, proteins commonly known as giant sensitive tree or in and lipids. Also, Uyi et al. [17] reported that Thailand calls Maiyaraab yak is belong to the phytochemical constituents of subfamily Mimosoideae in the larger family M.dilplotricha had the efficacy of insecticide Fabaceae of legumes (Leguminosae). It is a against cowpea beetle. Chitra et al. [17] native plant in tropical America, Asia, Africa indicated that the methanol extract of M.invisa and Oceania. Mimosa pigra has been described had antimicrobial activity against B.subtilis, as an environmentally invasive weed in S.aureus, K. pneumoniae and P.fluorescens. Thailand and also several parts of the world. Giant sensitive weed (Mimosa diplotricha) is With a large shrub and upright growth habit, very similar to giant sensitive tree (Mimosa M.pigra has the potential to spread through the pigra) and common sensitive plant (Mimosa ecosystems, grassland, flood plains and pasture pudica). With the same genus, M.pudica had then turn that area into a scrubland resulting been reported by the researchers worldwide for that the biodiversity in those area was its pharmacological activities such as destroyed. In Thailand, M. pigra blocks antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti- irrigation systems that supply rice fields, inflammatory, antidiarrheal, antimalarial, reducing crop yield and harming farming antiparasitic, antinociceptive, anticonvulsant, livelihoods. In Vietnam it has invaded unique cytotoxicity etc. from its different parts [1,18- ecosystems in protected areas, threatening the 20]. For example, Balsaraf et al. [21] biodiversity of seasonally inundated grasslands investigated the antibacterial efficacy of [11]. M.pigra is recorded by IUCN Invasive aqueous extract of M. pudica against S.mutans. species specialist group as one of one hundred Sunil et al. [22] evaluated the antibacterial of the World’s Worst invasive alien species. It activity of ethanolic extracts of M.pudica is also included in the USA Federal Noxious leaves against E.coli, P.aeruginosa, Weeds List and has been listed as a noxious S.pyrogenes and S.aureus. However, a few weed in Australia [12,13]. Rosado-Vallado et studies have made reference to M.pigra and al. [14] and Koodkaew et al. [15] reported that M.diplotricha. Therefore, this study was the phytochemical profile of M.pigra was conducted to examine the in-vitro antimicrobial presence of flavonoids, alkaloid, quinones, activity of ethanolic and water extract from saponins, sterols, and tannins. The methanolic roots, stems and leaves of M.pigra and extract of M.pigra leaf provided the phytotoxic M.diplotricha in order to detect new sources of compounds which inhibited the early seedling antimicrobial agents for medicinal use. Not plant growth and it also had a potential for only weeding, this research may also support a weed control [13, 15]. value added of the plant species causing the 9194 © Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences Poonyanuch Nilsang J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2021; 12 (2): 9193 - 9201 biological circular economy to the local acnesDMST41283 and Streptococcus mutans community in Thailand. DMST14916 were obtained from Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, MATERIALS AND METHODS Thailand. Both bacterial strains were The plant materials were collected from the maintained on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and local region of Thailand, M.pigra and incubated under anaerobic conditions at 37 °C M.diplotricha were collected from Petchaboon for 18-24 hr. and Pathumtani province, respectively. The Antimicrobial activity leaves, stem and root samples were dried In-vitro antimicrobial activities were examined separately in an oven at 50 °C for 5-7 hr then for water and ethanolic extracts of M.pigra and separately ground to fine powders and kept in a M.diplotricha against seven pathogens were desiccator until use. investigated by agar well diffusion according to Preparation of crude extracts a modified method of Le Thoa et al. [25]. The The extractions were prepared by soaking suspensions of the test microbes were made in powder samples in two different solvents: sterile normal saline and adjusted to 1×108 distilled water and ethanol 95%. For water CFU/ ml or 0.5 McFarland’s standard. extraction according to method of Srisook et.al. Small volumes of microbial [23], powdered samples
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mimosa Diplotricha Giant Sensitive Plant
    Invasive Pest Fact Sheet Asia - Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network A P F I S N Mimosa diplotricha Giant sensitive plant The Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN) has been established as a response to the immense costs and dangers posed by invasive species to the sustainable management of forests in the Asia-Pacific region. APFISN is a cooperative alliance of the 33 member countries in the Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission (APFC) - a statutory body of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The network focuses on inter-country cooperation that helps to detect, prevent, monitor, eradicate and/or control forest invasive species in the Asia-Pacific region. Specific objectives of the network are: 1) raise awareness of invasive species throughout the Asia-Pacific region; 2) define and develop organizational structures; 3) build capacity within member countries and 4) develop and share databases and information. Distribution: South and Scientific name: Mimosa diplotricha C.Wright South-East Asia, the Pacific Synonym: Mimosa invisa Islands, northern Australia, South and Central America, the Common name: Giant sensitive plant, creeping Hawaiian Islands, parts of sensitive plant, nila grass. Africa, Nigeria and France. In India, it currently occurs Local name: Anathottawadi, padaincha (Kerala, throughout Kerala state and in India), banla saet (Cambodia), certain parts of the northeast, duri semalu (Malaysia), makahiyang lalaki especially the state of Assam. Its Flowers (Philippines), maiyaraap thao (Thailand), occurrence in other states is Cogadrogadro (Fiji). unknown and needs to be ascertained. M. diplotricha has Taxonomic position: not attained weed status in the Mimosa stem with prickles Division: Magnoliophyta Americas, Western Asia, East Class: Magnoliopsida, Order: Fabales Africa and Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecticidal and Repellent Activities of Mimosa Pudica L. (Fabaceae) Against Cryptolestes Pusillus (Schon) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae)
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 2222-2235 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.277 Insecticidal and Repellent Activities of Mimosa pudica L. (Fabaceae) against Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) Ujjwal Kumar Mondol and W. Islam* Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The insecticidal and repellent activities were observed by residual film method and surface K eyw or ds film application methods respectively. Leaf, stem and root of Mimosa pudica L. were Insecticidal, screened through Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts against repellent activities, flat grain beetle, Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon.). The plant extracts showed less to high Residual film 2 mortality by using 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/cm doses and the root extract showed most method, Surface potency. In 72 h of exposure, chloroform extract of root showed the lowest LD50 value film application (2.024 mg/cm 2) and 95% confidence limit was 1.730-2.292. In case of leaf, stem and root method, Mimosa the highest mortality was recorded in chloroform extracts were 73.3, 70.0, 80.0%; 80.0, pudica, 76.7, 90.0% and 90.0, 86.7, 96.7% respectively in 24, 48 and 72 h. The repellency Cryptolestes response among the three parts of the tested plant was different (p<0.05) and dose effect pusillus was more effective than exposure effect.
    [Show full text]
  • Mimosa Diplotricha
    FACTSHEETS FOR FARMERS Created in Vietnam, March 2016 www.plantwise.org Mimosa diplotricha Recognize the problem Leaves are 10-20cm long, divided Family: Fabaceae (pea family) and fold together at night or when touched. (Photo by © Arne Witt, CABI) Common names: Giant sensitive plant, creeping sensitive plant, nila grass, tropical blackberry. Vietnamese: Trinh nữ móc. Annual, biennial or evergreen, scrambling, climbing, strongly branched shrub, forming dense thickets 2–3 (–6) m tall; woody at the base with age; stems green or purplish tinged, 4–5-angled in cross-section, covered with sharp, recurved, yellowish spines (3–6 mm long). Leaves: Bright-green, alternate along branches; twice-divided (10–20 cm long), 4–9 pairs of leaflet branchlets each with 12–30 pairs of small elongated leaflets (6–12 mm long, 1.5 mm wide); leaves fold together at night or when touched. Flowers: Pinkish-violet or purplish, round heads (12 mm across); borne singly or in small groups on hairy stalks (3.5–16 mm long). Flowers are pinkish-violet or purplish. (Photo by © Nguyen Van Liem) Fruits: Pods; green turning brown as they mature; flat, softly spiny on edges, elongated (8–35 mm long, 3–10 mm wide); occur in clusters which break into one- seeded joints; seeds are light brown (1.9 mm long, 2.7 mm wide). Background Origin: Latin America. Introduction: For erosion control, nitrogen fixation, hedge and barrier, as a source of honey and as ornament. Habitat: Wet tropics and subtropics; prefers high soil fertility. Spread: By seeds transported by running water, vehicles, machinery, livestock, humans, as seed contaminant and contaminated earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Release of Heteropsylla Spinulosa
    United States Department of Field Release of Agriculture Marketing and Heteropsylla spinulosa Regulatory Programs (Homoptera: Psyllidae), a Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Non-indigenous Insect for Control of Giant Sensitive Plant, Mimosa diplotricha (Mimosaceae), in Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Environmental Assessment, March 24, 2008 Field Release of Heteropsylla spinulosa (Homoptera: Psyllidae), a Non-indigenous Insect for Control of Giant Sensitive Plant, Mimosa diplotricha (Mimosaceae), in Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Environmental Assessment March 24, 2008 Agency Contact: Robert S. Johnson, Branch Chief Permits, Registrations, Imports and Manuals Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Road, Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737–1236 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202–720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This publication reports research involving pesticides. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended.
    [Show full text]
  • The Highly Destructive Invasive, Mimosa Diplotricha Is in Bujumbura!
    WARNING! The highly destructive invasive, Mimosa diplotricha is in Bujumbura! Mimosa diplotricha, commonly known as the “creeping sensitive What is an invasive species? plant”, is a spiny shrub or climber that prefers to grow in damp An invasive species is an animal or plant which is introduced into places, but can survive in many situations. It originally comes a new area where it does not occur naturally. If the introduction from Brazil and its introduction into Africa is continuing to occurs without the accompaniment of its pests and diseases that be felt as it spreads across the continent. This plant has long, keep the species in check (under control) in its natural range and square-sided stems that scramble or climb on other plants and if it is able to survive, establish and spread thus causing damage have many small spines along their length . It has many small to biodiversity, peoples’ livelihoods or development, it is called green pinnate (having many leaflets) leaves and round pink “invasive”. Mimosa diplotricha is an invasive plant in some parts of flowers that may become pale with age. The small seed pods are Africa and has recently come to Burundi. pale green (turning to brown if they dry on the plant) and are found in groups of 5 to 20 at the ends of short stems; both the leaf stems and the pods also have small spines. The term “sensitive plant” describes the habit of the leaflets to close up if touched. Areas invaded Mimosa diplotricha was first recognized as an invader in Bujumbura in 2007 near the shore of Lake Tanganyika.
    [Show full text]
  • Niue's National Invasive Species Strategy and Action
    Cook Islands National Invasive Species Strategy And Action Plan 2019 - 2025 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................. 5 KEY CONCEPTS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................................... 7 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction to Cook Islands ............................................................................................................ 9 What is an invasive species (IS)? ................................................................................................... 11 The vital importance of invasive species to Cook Islands ............................................................. 12 Other significant invasive species in the Cook Islands .................................................................. 14 Priority invasive species on different islands ................................................................................. 16 Invasive species intercepted at the Border ..................................................................................... 16 Recent occurrences of new invasive species in the Cook Islands .................................................. 18 Invasive species are
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Plant Species in the National Parks of Vietnam
    Forests 2012, 3, 997-1016; doi:10.3390/f3040997 OPEN ACCESS forests ISSN 1999-4907 www.mdpi.com/journal/forests Article Invasive Plant Species in the National Parks of Vietnam Dang Thanh Tan 1, Pham Quang Thu 1,* and Bernard Dell 2 1 Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Division of Research and Development, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150, Australia; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +84-913-066-586; Fax: +84-438-389-722. Received: 12 September 2012; in revised form: 5 October 2012 / Accepted: 18 October 2012 / Published: 30 October 2012 Abstract: The impact of invasive plant species in national parks and forests in Vietnam is undocumented and management plans have yet to be developed. Ten national parks, ranging from uncut to degraded forests located throughout Vietnam, were surveyed for invasive plant species. Transects were set up along roads, trails where local people access park areas, and also tracks through natural forest. Of 134 exotic weeds, 25 were classified as invasive species and the number of invasive species ranged from 8 to 15 per park. An assessment of the risk of invasive species was made for three national parks based on an invasive species assessment protocol. Examples of highly invasive species were Chromolaena odorata and Mimosa diplotricha in Cat Ba National Park (island evergreen secondary forest over limestone); Mimosa pigra, Panicum repens and Eichhornia crassipes in Tram Chim National Park (lowland wetland forest dominated by melaleuca); and C.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Invasive Alien Giant Sensitive Weeds - New Additions to the Flora of Tripura, India
    Bioscience Discovery, 8(4): 720-725, October - 2017 © RUT Printer and Publisher Print & Online, Open Access, Research Journal Available on http://jbsd.in ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print); ISSN: 2231-024X (Online) Research Article Two invasive alien giant sensitive weeds - new additions to the flora of Tripura, India Amal Debnath, Chiranjit Paul and Bimal Debnath* Plant Diversity and Forest Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Forestry and Biodiversity, TripuraUniversity, Suryamaninagar-799022, Tripura, Northeast India *Email: [email protected] Article Info Abstract Received: 17-06-2017, The Present study reported the new distribution record of two serious weeds, Revised: 05-08-2017, Mimosa diplotricha var. diplotricha and Mimosa diplotricha var. inermis, from Accepted: 06-09-2017 the forest floor of Tripura. The plants were collected, identified with the help of various flora and available database. These plants were highlighted with brief Keywords: description, proper citation and their ecological and phenological observations. Mimosa diplotricha, Alien invasive, Distribution, Tripura, NE India INTRODUCTION in increased production costs, reduced crop yield, Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle, threats to biodiversity, soil degradation and reduced (Mimosaceae) a native plant of Brazil, in tropical land value (APFISN, 2007). Furthermore, the South America, is a serious weed of tropical and tangled and thorny growth of M. diplotricha hinders subtropical crops and pastures (Holm et al., 1977; entry of livestock or humans, hampers the movement Vitelli et al., 2001). The plant has invaded Australia, of wild animals and consequently it becomes a many Pacific Islands, Solomon Islands, Southeast strong barrier to access food and other resources in Asia and many African countries (Waterhouse and the invaded area (Alabi et al., 2001; Vitelli et al., Norris, 1987; Parsons and Cuthbertson, 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • Crop Protection Compendium - Mimosa Diplotricha Sauvalle
    Crop Protection Compendium - Mimosa diplotricha Sauvalle Pierre Binggeli 2005 NAMES AND TAXONOMY Preferred scientific name Mimosa diplotricha Sauvalle Taxonomic position Other scientific names Domain: Eukaryota Mimosa invisa C. Mart. Kingdom: Viridiplantae Schrankia brachycarpa Benth. Phylum: Spermatophyta Morongia pilosa Standley Subphylum: Angiospermae Schrankia pilosa (Standley) Macbr. Class: Dicotyledonae Order: Fabales BAYER code Family: Fabaceae MIMIN (Mimosa diplotricha) Subfamily: Mimosoideae Common names English: limemeihr laud boring (borang) giant sensitive plant Fiji: djoekoet borang French: co gadrogadro puteri malu grande sensitive wa ngandrongandro ni wa Papua New Guinea: sensitive géante ngalelevu nil grass wagadrogadro levu Philippines: American Samoa: India: makahiang lalake (makahiang vao fefe palagi anathottavadi malake) Belau: Indonesia: makahiya mechiuaiu pis koetjing Samoa: Cambodia: Java: la'au fefe palagi banla saet (balna sael) rèmbètè vao fefe palagi Cook Islands: Northern Mariana Islands: Thailand: pikika'a papa'a nila grass maiyaraap thao Federated states of singbiguin sasa Vietnam: Micronesia: Nusa Tenggara: cõ trinh nu móc Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature Mimosa is from the Greek mimikos which means 'to mimic' or 'counterfeit', through the Latin mimus and the feminine suffix -osa which means abounding in, and refers to several flowers masquerading as a single flower. Invisa is from the Latin invideo which means 'to hate', referring to the abundant thorns (Parsons and Cuthbertson, 1992). Mimosa diplotricha was known as M. invisa Martius, but the M. invisa of Colla is older (Anon., 2001a). However, this taxon is still called M. invisa in Africa (i.e. Nigeria) and occasionally in Asia (e.g. Philippines, MacLean et al., 2003). In the neotropics, Barneby (1991) recognised two subspecies (invisa and spiciflora) each with two varieties.
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Sensitive Plant (450)
    Pacific Pests, Pathogens and Weeds - Online edition Giant sensitive plant (450) Summary Widespread. Africa, Asia, North, South and Central America, Caribbean, Europe, Oceania. In most Pacific islands. Important, invasive, weed of plantations, upland rice, food crop gardens, pastures, roadsides, waste sites. Fast growing, smothering other species, flowering early and producing much seed with long survival. Cattle avoid it. Stems, 4-sided with short, stiff, backward-pointing thorns. Leaves, alternate along stems, bright green, 10-20 cm long, divided into 4-9 pairs of leaf-like segments, each with 12- 30 pairs of leaflets. Flowerheads, a cluster of pink to purple, individual flowers, with long stamens forming fluffy balls, on short prickly stalks. Seedpods, soft, spiny, in clusters, Photo 1. Thicket of giant sensitive plant, breaking into 2-4, 1-seeded parts. Mimosa diplotricha. Spread: seeds by birds, other animals, clothing, in flowing water; use as a ground cover; moved in road materials; as pasture seed contaminant. Biosecurity: high risk of introduction. Among 10 worst weeds in Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands. In Australia, 'restricted invasive plant': do not release into environment, give away or sell. Biocontrol: Heteropsylla spinulosa, psyllid, introduced into Australia, PNG, Samoa. Fungus, Corynespora cassiicola, has potential. Cultural control: before flowering, hand weed (use gloves or hoe!) or slash; vehicle hygiene. Chemical control: in Australia: dicamba; diuron; fluroxypyr; glufosinate-ammonium. In Fiji, glyphosate. Apply to regrowth after slashing or burning. Common Name Giant sensitive plant; it is also known as nila grass in Papua New Guinea. CABI prefers the name Photo 2. Individual plant, giant sensitive plant, creeping sensitive plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Mimosa Diplotricha (Fabaceae) Recruits Native Pollinators, but Does It Matter?
    PRINT ISSN 1119-8362 Full-text Available Online at J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Electronic ISSN 1119-8362 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem Vol. 23 (12) 2263-2272 December 2019 http://ww.bioline.org.br/ja Mimosa diplotricha (Fabaceae) Recruits Native Pollinators, But Does it Matter? 1, 2*EGBON, IN; 1-3NZIE OP; 2ROTIMI, J 1Insect Ecology and Diversity Unit, 2Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, PMB 1154 Benin City, Nigeria 3Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Here an invasive alien weed Mimosa diplotricha, which attracts native pollinators to its flowers, was studied to establish the composition, diversity and the pattern of visitation of native flower-visiting species found on the weed as it expands its range unabatedly in Nigeria. From five randomly selected quadrats of 2 m x 2 m, repeated fourteen times, the floral visitors of M. diplotricha were sampled. Using diversity indices, non-parametric species estimators, Whittaker and Bray Curtis similarity indices, the composition and diversity of floral visiting bees and allied insects were reported. Thirteen insect taxa were encountered from a total of 1548 individuals in three Orders, albeit of low diversity in which the majority of floral visitors (or pollinators) were hymenopterans: the main being Chalicodoma species, followed by Xylocopa species, X. senior, and Apis mellifera. Non-parametric estimators revealed a high sampling efficiency of the true species visiting mimosa between sunrise and noon. That the floral resources of M. diplotricha supported high abundance of few species and some species with low abundance indicate that those of the latter case were casual visitors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Distribution and Problems of the Invasive Alien Plant, Mimosa Diplotricha C
    American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2013, 4, 866-877 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.44107 Published Online April 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps) The Distribution and Problems of the Invasive Alien Plant, Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle (Mimosaceae) in Nigeria Frank Ekhator1, Osariyekemwen O. Uyi2,3*, Celestine E. Ikuenobe1, Celestina O. Okeke1 1Agronomy Division, Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, Benin City, Nigeria; 2Biological Control of Invasive Alien Plant Spe- cies Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; 3Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. Email: *[email protected] Received February 28th, 2013; revised March 30th, 2013; accepted April 10th, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Frank Ekhator et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Mimosa diplotricha is an invasive perennial, scrambling, thorny, leguminous shrub of neotropical origin widely ac- knowledged as a major economic, agricultural and ecological burden in its introduced ranges. Although the plant is thought to have been present in Nigeria for well over two decades, its mode and time of introduction is uncertain. In spite of the continuing spread of, and the menace caused by M. diplotricha in Nigeria, no attempt has been made to map the distribution of the plant countrywide. Therefore, we conducted a countrywide survey between 2007 and 2009, sponsored by the Weed Science Society of Nigeria (WSSN) to determine the spread and status of Mimosa diplotricha in Nigeria.
    [Show full text]